the CD64 also controls which Dendritic cells to go after
Distinguishing marker:
CD64 expression can be used to differentiate between different types of dendritic cells, particularly helping to distinguish monocyte-derived dendritic cells from conventional dendritic cells.
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Pharmacological potentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic ...
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that can help the body's immune system fight cancer. They are a key component of anti-cancer DC vaccines, which are used to treat metastatic melanoma and other types of cancer. |
Scancell MAB's are controlling the
The Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI or CD64) is the only human Fc receptor with a high affinity for monomeric IgG. It plays a crucial role in immunity, as it mediates cellular effector functions of antibodies including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production.
on Dendritic cells ..... |
so from all that ....
we know "High Avidity" works ....
Immunobody is proven
there is no other state that is higher ....
what Avidmab has done is given "second signal a boost by clustering"
its not one mab linking to the Dendritic cell its many and they hold hands via non covalent linking
its like having black paint v carbon nanotube black paint
go an look at the intensity !! |
now if you still think i am an idiot ....
what have the "non idiots posted" |
 one way to see if a vaccine function is to target direct like scancell and Krisma (ivy works for them) to the dendritic cell .....giving you control of the Avidity and type of cell function .... is if you see the word "Innate" which means they prime the innate which leads to adaptive which means the immune response is controlled by the immune system not the vaccine ...
which means you have to trick the dendritic cell with adjuvants
Krisma goes direct but adds adjuvants ...
Scancell goes direct and does not need adjuvants !!!
BioNtech
The architecture of our FixVac platform
Our FixVac (Fixed Vaccine) platform candidates consist of a fixed combination of mRNA-encoded non-mutated tumor antigens, which are known to frequently express within specific cancer types. The mRNA is formulated with our proprietary RNA-lipoplex delivery formulation which is designed to enhance mRNA stability in the body as well as to target antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) – the boot camps of our immune system. By enhancing the ""presentation"" of these specific tumor antigens by DCs to the immune system, our FixVac candidates aim to trigger a strong and precise """innate""" and adaptive immune response against cancer cells expressing one or more of the respective tumor antigens. This approach offers the potential to also treat cancers with low mutational burden effectively, which represents half of all patients with metastatic melanoma. |
sorry Ruck its never a straight forward answer ............
if it was
Cancer vaccines would have been approved 20 years ago !! |
now in cancer "self Antigen" off the shelf vaccines
t cells Cannot see Self .................
so when looking at a target cancer cell it appears Normal ....
from Lindy
Its quite complicated but the reason we pick peptides rather that just use whole antigen is that if you use whole antigen the strongest peptide will bind to the appropriate HLA but for a self antigen the T cells to these peptides may be deleted to avoid autoimmunity. So the next best binder could stimulate T cells but is out competed by the stronger binder. If you just present the next best binder with no competition you get a great T cell response. We pick these next best binders from patients who have spontaneously rejected their tumour or who express the epitopes on their MHC AND make T cell responses to their tumour. The vaccine induces or boosts these responses.
Kind Regards,
lindy
Prof Lindy Durrant
CEO
Scancell Ltd
"next best binders" are weak ... so you need the High Avidity which respond to weak antigen |
so you have a natural selection of Low avidity T cells .....
normal vaccine against a virus No Problem those t cells will work fine
Cancer they will not ..........
you have to have High Avidity ....
so you are reversing the avidity from Low to High .....
that is why the vaccine is so clever
Scancells world |
most vaccine rely on your natural t cell repertoire
but High Avidity tend to be negatively selected "deleted"
High avidity in the thymus refers to the high level of interaction between a T cell receptor (TCR) and a self-peptide–MHC complex. This interaction occurs in the medulla of the thymus and leads to the deletion of self-reactive T cells.
Explanation
The thymus is a small gland in the lymphatic system that produces and trains T cells.
T cells are white blood cells that help the immune system fight infection and disease.
During development in the thymus, thymocytes undergo positive and negative selection.
During positive selection, thymocytes interact with cortical thymic epithelial cells (CTEC) and receive a survival signal.
During negative selection, thymocytes interact with medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTEC) or dendritic cells (DC) and undergo apoptosis if they are self-reactive.
The balance between tolerance and autoimmunity is determined by the regulation of T-cell avidity.
Autoreactive T cells can escape deletion by lowering their avidity.
When activated, these "tuned" T cells can cause autoimmunity. |
now if you keep attacking the cancer with these low avidity t cells that rarely kill
you can and will cause the cancer to effectively mutate in similar way as Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
the cell loses the target antigen """Antigenic loss"""
Selective pressure
Cancer cells can lose surface antigens due to natural or therapy-induced selective pressure. These antigen-loss variants can cause therapy-resistant relapse.
Immunotherapy
Cancer cells can lose surface antigens due to immunotherapy, which can lead to therapy-resistant relapse.
so if you can kill the cell it cannot mutate ...
same as bacteria .... you have to kill them all
take the full course |
should work against cancer then .... however if you look at Biorix
you will see a peak of High avidity but its all the other low avidity t cells it induced as well
To test the functionality of identified clonotypes, 106 T cell receptors (TCR) from five epitope-specific repertoires were re-expressed and tested for peptide sensitivity. While recruited repertoires were overall enriched for high-avidity TCRs, differential clonal expansion was not linked to fine avidity differences. Instead, maintenance of polyclonality ensured robustness in counteracting mutational escape of epitopes. Our findings on the induction and maintenance of high-functionality polyclonal T cell repertoires shed light on T cell quality as a neglected criterion in the assessment of vaccine immunogenicity.
""shed light on T cell quality as a neglected criterion in the assessment of vaccine immunogenicity.""
so you probably didn't read your link correctly Ruck the issue is not that you will get some High Avidity ... as per biorix
it is the other clutter that is the issue
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"Differential clonal expansion was not linked to fine avidity differences"
means that while different T cell clones may expand to varying degrees during an immune response, these differences in expansion size were not directly correlated with small variations in their binding affinity (avidity) for the antigen, indicating that the immune system might prioritize other factors beyond just the highest avidity clones when selecting which clones to expand significantly.
for cancer you need ""specific clonal expansion of High Avidity T cells""
T cells will gain Avidity after an infection "battle hardened"
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Yes, T cells gain "avidity" during an infection, meaning their ability to recognize and bind to specific antigens presented by infected cells increases as the immune response progresses, effectively enhancing their effectiveness in fighting the pathogen; this process is often referred to as "avidity maturation" or "functional avidity maturation" where the T cells become more responsive to the antigen even without a change in the T cell receptor's inherent affinity.
so cancer primary issue ...
The T cells are not of a High enough Avidity and many vaccines induce a plethora of T cells of low Avidity
1/ problem many self antigens are weak antigens not a lot of them
so you need the High Avidity to see them To kill
2/ you have to get a foot hold to actually improve the t cells ability over time to increase Avidity
so you have Low Avidity t cells competing with High Avidity T cells
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Yes, a low avidity T cell can still "see" cancer, meaning it can recognize cancer cells and potentially interact with them, but it may not be as effective at killing them compared to a high avidity T cell; in some cases, research suggests low avidity T cells might even play a role in tumor control, especially when combined with other immune strategies like checkpoint blockade.
"""it may not be as effective at killing them compared to a high avidity T cell""" |
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.620795v1 |
https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000468 |
mRNA vaccine high avidity T cells......mRNA vaccines, like those used for COVID-19, have been shown to induce high-avidity T cells. High-avidity T cells have a stronger binding affinity to their target antigens, which can enhance the immune response1. This means that the immune system can more effectively recognize and respond to the pathogen.Studies have found that mRNA vaccines generate robust T cell responses that are broad and long-lasting. These responses include polyclonal T cells, which are diverse and can target multiple epitopes on the virus, providing better protection against variants. Additionally, high-avidity T cells are less likely to be affected by mutations in the virus, making them crucial for long-term immunity1. |
You wouldn't know a time to 'buy' if it stared you in the face...lol |
I see Bitcoin is higher than when Trump announced tarifs ..lol |
Exactly as it should be in markets inane...
Think CONTRARIAN.
95% of investors will be wrong.
When popular opinion is one sided ....the truth is on the opposite side.
.
.
That's how markets work.
Welcome to MY world... |
except ... i don't follow your propaganda
in fact there is nobody here that does |
Policy ? Lol
.
We should look to history for lessons on how far right populism turns out..
Then again...from what I've gleaned about you ..you're a perfect propaganda victim .. |
I don't care Turkey ...
I vote for policy .... |
mrna vaccine high avidity t cells
An AI Overview is not available for this search
ATB |
Why should anyone be surprised at that ?
In a world sufficiently full of negativity to elect a sociopath over the Atlantic....it's a small step to consider electing a radical right populist over here ... |
Reform UK is leading Labour in a YouGov voting intention poll for the first time.
Figures put Reform UK on 25 per cent of the vote – its joint-highest score to date – up from 23 per cent on its previous poll on Jan 26-27.
Meanwhile, Labour is on 24 per cent (down 3) and the Conservatives are on 21 per cent (down 1).
The Lib Dems remain unchanged on 14 per cent and the Greens stay the same on 9 per cent. |
they blew OUR ENTIRE research Budget .....
every year
Gritstone Bio, Inc. (GRTS) has reported several losses in recent years, including a net loss of $138.5 million in 2023.
Losses in 2023
Revenue: $16.3 million in 2023, which was an 18.1% decrease from 2022
Operating loss: $139.6 million in 2023, which was an increase from $120.4 million in 2022
Net loss: $138.5 million in 2023, which was an increase from $119.7 million in 2022 |
a clinical-stage biotechnology company that aims to develop
"""the world’s most potent vaccines"""
Gritstone bio may have left no stone unturned when it came to searching for a financial rescue, but the vaccine biotech has decided that all roads now lead to bankruptcy.
The cash-strapped company brought in bankers last week to explore “potential value-maximizing strategies” after its phase 2 colorectal cancer vaccine data fell short of the success needed to reverse its fortunes.
With money already expected to run out by year-end, Gritstone announced this morning that it has filed a voluntary petition for bankruptcy in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.
About Gritstone bio
Gritstone bio, Inc. (OTC: GRTSQ) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company that aims to develop the world’s most potent vaccines. We leverage our innovative vectors and payloads to train multiple arms of the immune system to attack critical disease targets. Independently and with our collaborators, we are advancing a portfolio of product candidates to treat and prevent viral diseases and solid tumors in pursuit of improving patient outcomes and eliminating disease. |
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