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PSON Pearson Plc

991.60
-11.40 (-1.14%)
25 Apr 2024 - Closed
Delayed by 15 minutes
Share Name Share Symbol Market Type Share ISIN Share Description
Pearson Plc LSE:PSON London Ordinary Share GB0006776081 ORD 25P
  Price Change % Change Share Price Bid Price Offer Price High Price Low Price Open Price Shares Traded Last Trade
  -11.40 -1.14% 991.60 992.40 992.80 1,000.50 975.80 1,000.50 1,682,524 16:35:29
Industry Sector Turnover Profit EPS - Basic PE Ratio Market Cap
Miscellaneous Publishing 3.67B 378M 0.5497 18.05 6.82B

Pearson PLC Annual Financial Report (4839A)

24/03/2017 12:26pm

UK Regulatory


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TIDMPSON

RNS Number : 4839A

Pearson PLC

24 March 2017

PEARSON PLC

(the "Company")

In accordance with Listing Rule 9.6.1, Pearson plc has today submitted to the National Storage Mechanism a copy of its Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016.

The document is available on Pearson's website at https://www.pearson.com/ar2016.html

The document will shortly be available for inspection on the National Storage Mechanism website: http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/nsm

The Company also confirms that it will hold its annual general meeting on 5 May 2017. The formal notice to shareholders will be issued on 29 March 2017.

IMPORTANT: EXPLANATORY NOTE AND WARNING

The primary purpose of this announcement is to inform the market about the publication of Pearson plc's Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016 (the "2016 Annual Report and Accounts").

The information below, which is extracted from the 2016 Annual Report and Accounts, is included solely for the purpose of complying with DTR 6.3.5 and the requirements it imposes on issuers as to how to make public annual financial reports. It should be read in conjunction with Pearson plc's Preliminary Announcement issued on 24 February 2017, which is available on the Company's website at:

https://www.pearson.com/news/media/news-announcements/2017/02/pearson-2016-results.html

Together these constitute the material required by DTR 6.3.5 to be communicated to the media in unedited full text through a Regulatory Information Service. This material is not a substitute for reading the full 2016 Annual Report and Accounts. Page numbers and cross-references in the extracted information below refer to page numbers and cross-references in the 2016 Annual Report and Accounts.

RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT

"Each of the directors, whose names and functions are listed on p60-61 confirms that, to the best of their knowledge:

-- The Group financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the Group

-- The strategic report contained in the annual report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces.

This responsibility statement has been approved by the board on 14 March 2017 and signed on its behalf by:

Coram Williams

Chief financial officer"

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

"Joint ventures and associates

Amounts advanced to joint ventures and associates during the year and at the balance sheet date are set out in note 12.

Key management personnel

Key management personnel are deemed to be the members of the Pearson Executive (see page 8). It is this committee which had responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group in 2016. Key management personnel compensation is disclosed below:

 
 All figures in GBPmillions      2016   2015 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Short-term employee benefits    6      7 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Retirement benefits             1      1 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Share-based payment costs       1      1 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Total                           8      9 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 

There were no other material related party transactions. No guarantees have been provided to related parties."

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

"The board of directors confirms that is has undertaken a robust assessment throughout 2016 of the principal risks facing the company, in accordance with provision C.2.1 of the 2014 UK Corporate Governance Code.

Our principal risks (as of 31 December 2016)

Listed in the table below are the most significant risks that may affect Pearson's future. A longer list of company-wide key risks, plus emerging risks, was monitored and reviewed throughout the year. The most material risks are those which have a higher probability and significant impact on strategy, reputation or operations, or a financial impact greater than GBP50m, and are identified as principal risks.

The following principal risks also relate to the material issues considered in the 2015 sustainability report: products and services, testing failure, political and regulatory risk, data privacy, information security, customer digital experience, and safety and corporate security. You can read more about sustainability, including a comparison table of sustainability material issues and principal, company-wide and other business risks on p22.

The risk acquisitions, divestments and joint ventures is no longer a principal risk: just as

in 2016, acquisitions are a lower priority in 2017 and not likely to be material. There may be some separation or execution risk with certain divestments, but we do not expect such risk to be material. In 2016, we completed the separation of the FT and we undertook corporate transactions to de-risk the business, which in some cases resulted in exiting countries with greater compliance risk. We expect a similar approach in 2017, looking at ways to reduce our exposure to non-core businesses. We have announced our intention to issue an exit notice to

Bertelsmann regarding the 47% associate interest in PRH with a view to selling the stake or recapitalising the business and extracting a dividend."

 
 Risk                             2016 activities and 2017 plans 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 STRATEGY AND CHANGE 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Business transformation               2016 activities: As highlighted 
  and change:                           in the chairman's introduction 
  The pace and                          on p4,2016 continued to be 
  scope of our                          a year of transformation and 
  business transformation               change for Pearson, supported 
  initiatives increase                  by the board. The restructure 
  our execution                         and associated cost savings 
  risk that benefits                    programme announced at the 
  may not be fully                      start of the year was delivered 
  realised, costs                       in full in 2016. The first 
  may increase,                         implementation of The Enabling 
  or that our business-as-usual         Programme - a programme of 
  activities may                        work to deliver a single Pearson-wide 
  be impacted and                       solution to integrate our data, 
  do not perform                        systems and processes across 
  in line with                          HR, finance, procurement and 
  expectations.                         supply chain - went live in 
                                        the UK. 
                                        Key to the success of our change 
                                        programmes is the 
                                        quality of data (reported as 
                                        a separate principal risk in 
                                        2015). The unavailability of 
                                        timely, complete and accurate 
                                        data limits informed decision-making 
                                        and increases the risk of noncompliance 
                                        with legal, regulatory and 
                                        reporting requirements. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Project and change management best practices 
 
 
 
                                         *    Enhanced governance and reporting, including monthly 
                                              updates on the most significant change initiatives to 
                                              the Pearson executive, board and audit committee 
 
 
 
                                         *    Monthly assurance reporting on the programmes. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: In 2017, business 
                                        transformation and change 
                                        initiatives will be supporting 
                                        our strategic goal to accelerate 
                                        our digital transition in higher 
                                        education, to manage the print 
                                        decline, and to reshape our 
                                        portfolio. 
 
                                        A key pillar in our strategy, 
                                        as emphasised in the CEO's 
                                        strategic overview on p7, is 
                                        underpinning our content and 
                                        assessment with our technology 
                                        and services. We are speeding 
                                        up work to simplify our global 
                                        learning platform and enhancing 
                                        our courseware service capabilities. 
 
                                        We will also continue with 
                                        the next phase of The Enabling 
                                        Programme to further progress 
                                        the simplification of our business 
                                        (the importance of which our 
                                        chairman highlights on p4), 
                                        reduce costs and improve our 
                                        data capabilities. The focus 
                                        will be on customer and product 
                                        master data as core 
                                        to all systems and businesses. 
 
                                        See CEO's strategic overview 
                                        on p6-9. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Products and                          2016 activities: This risk 
  services:                             remains one of our highest 
  Failure to accelerate                 as it is central to our growth 
  our shift                             strategy. The end of 2016 saw 
  to digital by                         unprecedented declines in our 
  developing and                        US higher education 
  delivering (to                        courseware business (as described 
  time and quality)                     in full in the Performance 
  market leading                        section on p38) which we failed 
  global products                       to adequately anticipate and 
  and services                          build into our forecasts. 
  that will have 
  the biggest impact                    Significant activity took place 
  on learners and                       in 2016 to mitigate this risk 
  drive growth;                         and support the growth of Pearson. 
  ensuring Pearson                      We have combined our lines 
  offers products                       of business for courseware 
  to market at                          into a single product organisation, 
  the right price                       as well as rationalised and 
  and with a deal                       integrated our product development 
  structure that                        capabilities to focus on learning 
  remains competitive                   and user experience design, 
  as well as supports                   and more adaptive, personalised 
  our strategy.                         learning in next generation 
                                        courseware and online services. 
 
                                        In 2016, we completed initial 
                                        portfolio reviews on global 
                                        school, US higher education 
                                        courseware and higher education 
                                        managed services, capturing 
                                        opportunities for shifts in 
                                        focus and better differentiation. 
 
                                        The Global Product Lifecycle 
                                        continues to be embedded across 
                                        Pearson to enable visibility 
                                        and transparency into our product 
                                        investment decisions using 
                                        the Global Product Lifecycle 
                                        stages and gates, data-driven 
                                        decision-making and incremental 
                                        funding principles. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Separate school, higher education and English product 
                                              teams brought together into one global product 
                                              organisation 
 
 
 
                                         *    Product Development Lifecycle 
 
 
 
                                         *    Product and portfolio councils launched 
 
 
 
                                         *    Product portfolio management approach and benefits 
                                              articulated. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Turning this risk 
                                        into an opportunity - successfully 
                                        accelerating our shift to digital 
                                        as well as investing in and 
                                        delivering the right products 
                                        and services - is 
                                        key to successful business 
                                        performance in 2017. 
 
                                        In the CEO's strategic overview 
                                        on pages 6-9, we have laid 
                                        out our strategy in more detail. 
 
                                        Key elements that relate to 
                                        the products and services risk 
                                        are: 
 
                                        Accelerating work to simplify 
                                        our product learning platform 
                                        and enhancing our courseware 
                                        service capabilities with GBP50m 
                                        of additional investment, which 
                                        will remove barriers to faster 
                                        product innovation, accelerate 
                                        our product roadmap by two 
                                        years and drive faster adoption 
                                        of institution-wide digital 
                                        direct access for Pearson courseware. 
 
                                        Increasing our participation 
                                        in the courseware rental market, 
                                        by: 
 
                                        a. Reducing eBook rental prices 
                                        by up to 50% across 
                                        2,000 titles - making digital 
                                        rental the best option for 
                                        price-conscious students, 
 
                                        b. Launching our own print 
                                        rental programme, piloting 
                                        with an initial group of 50 
                                        titles made available through 
                                        Pearson's approved rental partners, 
                                        and ensuring Pearson is paid 
                                        more often for the usage of 
                                        our courseware. If successful, 
                                        we 
                                        will scale this programme rapidly. 
 
                                        See Develop digital & services 
                                        on p14. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Talent:                               2016 activities: The restructure 
  Failure to attract,                   and associated cost savings 
  retain and                            programme announced at the 
  develop staff,                        start of the year was delivered 
  including adapting                    in full in 2016. 
  to new skill 
  sets required                         We have successfully recruited 
  to run the business.                  in-demand skill sets in support 
                                        of our strategic goals to accelerate 
                                        the shift to digital, including 
                                        the appointment of global leaders 
                                        to lead both the business and 
                                        the transformation eff orts 
                                        in North America. 
 
                                        Throughout the year, we have 
                                        continued to promote 
                                        our internal talent filling 
                                        45% of our open roles with 
                                        internal staff. 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Globally consistent performance, talent and 
                                              succession management approaches established 
 
 
 
                                         *    Annual global employee engagement survey conducted 
                                              with follow-up action plans in place 
 
 
 
                                         *    Retention data is monitored on a monthly basis 
 
 
 
                                         *    Exit interviews are conducted and monitored globally 
                                              to identify any trends and concerns 
 
 
 
                                         *    Learning programmes now offered on a single platform 
                                              with access to new content for all staff. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Over 60% of our 
                                        staff completed the engagement 
                                        survey. The results of the 
                                        survey have been shared with 
                                        all line managers and action 
                                        planning will take 
                                        place at the start of 2017. 
                                        Each member of the Pearson 
                                        executive will work in partnership 
                                        with human resources and corporate 
                                        affairs to build business-level 
                                        action plans. 
 
                                        See p23 in Sustainability for 
                                        more on the engagement survey. 
 
                                        Oversight of succession plans 
                                        and development planning has 
                                        been improved with rigorous 
                                        quarterly talent reviews implemented 
                                        for 2017. 
 
                                        Further learning programmes 
                                        will be launched within our 
                                        Pearson U learning platform 
                                        with a strong emphasis on leadership 
                                        and technology. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Political and                    2016 activities: Work was undertaken 
  regulatory risk:                 in 2016 to ensure that we can 
  Changes in policy                more proactively identify and 
  and/or regulations               mitigate political/ regulatory 
  have the potential               risk that had the potential 
  to impact business               to impact Pearson globally; 
  models and/or                    bringing greater co-ordination, 
  decisions across                 clarity and consistency to 
  all markets.                     our work; building political 
                                   and institutional relations, 
                                   and increasing our ability 
                                   to receive and respond to external 
                                   intelligence. 
 
                                   In June 2016, a UK referendum 
                                   voted in favour of leaving 
                                   the EU. A risk assessment of 
                                   impacts arising from this was 
                                   carried out and continues on 
                                   an ongoing basis. There has 
                                   been no significant downside 
                                   for Pearson identified so far 
                                   following the result of the 
                                   referendum. The main risk arising 
                                   at this stage for Pearson is 
                                   the resulting overall uncertainty. 
 
                                   2017 plans: Following the inauguration 
                                   of a new President of the US, 
                                   in 2017 Pearson will continue 
                                   to implement its state strategy 
                                   which will ensure engagement 
                                   with new office holders. We 
                                   will build on the groundwork 
                                   already done in Washington, 
                                   DC and state capitals throughout 
                                   the US to position Pearson 
                                   as a leader in the education 
                                   space and to establish the 
                                   company as a key partner for 
                                   Governors and state legislators 
                                   as they pursue their economic 
                                   agendas. This work will focus 
                                   on Congress, the Administration, 
                                   and in 
                                   priority state capitals. 
 
                                   In the UK, 2017 is a year of 
                                   major qualification and accountability 
                                   changes. Our focus is on working 
                                   with government, regulator 
                                   and other stakeholders to 
                                   demonstrate the professionalism 
                                   and solidity of the system. 
                                   We have increased engagement 
                                   with Department for Education 
                                   officials ahead of major periods 
                                   of change (key moments include 
                                   summer Key Stage 2, GCSE and 
                                   A Level 2017 results). 
 
                                   We will continue to assess 
                                   the potential impacts of the 
                                   UK's decision to leave the 
                                   EU as the model that will replace 
                                   our membership becomes clearer. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 OPERATIONAL 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Testing failure:                      2016 activities: Pearson is 
  Failure to deliver                    an education content, assessment 
  tests and                             and related services company 
  assessments and                       and, as such, managing this 
  other related                         risk remains a priority. In 
  contractual requirements              the UK, the summer 
  because of operational                exam series was delivered more 
  or technology                         smoothly than the previous 
  issues, resulting                     year as a result of mitigating 
  in negative publicity                 actions taken. Action plans 
  impacting our                         were put in place for US schools 
  brand and reputation.                 assessment, for example to 
                                        mitigate against future outages 
                                        and disruption. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                        We seek to minimise the risk 
                                        of a breakdown in our student 
                                        marking systems with the use 
                                        of: 
 
                                         *    Robust quality assurance procedures and controls 
 
 
 
                                         *    Oversight of contract performance 
 
 
 
                                         *    Investment in technology, project management and 
                                              skills development of our people, including software 
                                              security controls, system monitoring, pre-deployment 
                                              testing, change controls and the use of root cause 
                                              analysis procedures to learn from incidents and 
                                              prevent recurrence. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Investigation is 
                                        under way to mitigate risks 
                                        around compatibility and responsiveness 
                                        of our assessment 
                                        tools by using cloud and web 
                                        services. 
 
                                        The migration and retirement 
                                        of legacy systems in use will 
                                        continue. 
 
                                        Plans are being developed to 
                                        upgrade Pearson's bespoke online 
                                        marking system - ePEN in the 
                                        UK in 2017 and to continue 
                                        with mitigating actions put 
                                        in place in the 2016 summer 
                                        series in the meantime. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Safety and Corporate                  2016 activities: Good progress 
  security:                             was made in 2016 towards achieving 
  Risk to safety                        our three-year health and safety 
  and security                          strategy. The 
  due to increasing                     implementation of health and 
  local and global                      safety standards continued, 
  threats.                              plus health and safety reviews 
                                        have now been formally included 
                                        in management review processes 
                                        in our businesses. 
 
                                        During 2016, the travel security 
                                        programme was reviewed and 
                                        a revised process implemented 
                                        to include improved traveller 
                                        communications. 
 
                                        The Travel ASSIST app was also 
                                        updated to allow access for 
                                        the circa 44,000 associates, 
                                        including assessors, examiners 
                                        and validators, who will be 
                                        able to see their itinerary, 
                                        country information and alerts. 
                                        The importance of continuing 
                                        to develop and extend this 
                                        was evidenced during the Hoboken 
                                        train incident in September 
                                        2016, when 37 travellers in 
                                        the area were successfully 
                                        contacted via the travel management 
                                        tool. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Up-to-date global health and safety policy in place 
 
 
 
                                         *    Management review processes are established with key 
                                              leadership groups 
 
 
 
                                         *    Incident data collected globally every six months. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: The ongoing focus 
                                        of health and safety will be 
                                        the implementation of the three-year 
                                        strategy which in 
                                        2017 will include enhancing 
                                        our incident reporting procedures 
                                        and processes globally. 
 
                                        Travel security improvements 
                                        will continue towards automation, 
                                        smoother communications and 
                                        feedback from travellers. Security 
                                        risk assessments will take 
                                        place to review physical security 
                                        measures at key facilities, 
                                        and a corporate security policy, 
                                        strategy and guidelines will 
                                        be delivered. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Safeguarding                          2016 activities: We continue 
  and protection:                       to take safeguarding as a fundamental 
  Failure to adequately                 obligation to our young learners 
  protect                               and a high priority. 
  children and 
  learners, particularly                Safeguarding training was reviewed 
  in our direct                         in 2016 and indicated good 
  delivery businesses.                  take-up and positive feedback 
                                        regarding the content. Safer 
                                        Schools materials have been 
                                        developed in partnership with 
                                        University College London (UCL), 
                                        which will be rolled out to 
                                        the relevant businesses, and 
                                        development of a sexual 
                                        harassment policy for our further 
                                        education businesses commenced. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Safeguarding committee established 
 
 
 
                                         *    Metrics regarding safeguarding reports and training 
                                              collected 
 
 
 
                                         *    Safeguarding policy and training. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: We will continue 
                                        to develop and question our 
                                        practices around safeguarding 
                                        in 2017, including developing 
                                        external validation for our 
                                        safeguarding strategy. The 
                                        Safer Schools materials will 
                                        be implemented in relevant 
                                        businesses, as will the new 
                                        sexual harassment policy. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Customer digital                            2016 activities: Managing this 
  experience:                                 risk is critical to achieving 
  Challenges with                             our 
  reliability and                             strategic goal of accelerating 
  availability                                our shift to digital products 
  of customer facing                          and services, and crucially, 
  systems could                               becoming a trusted partner. 
  result in incidents                         We will only succeed if robust 
  of poor customer                            platforms and responsive customer 
  digital experience                          support service underpin our 
  and impact our                              content, assessment and services. 
  customer service 
  responsiveness.                             The risk increased in 2016 
                                              due to the fact that, despite 
                                              a comparably good customer 
                                              back-to-school in 2016, there 
                                              were issues in the area of 
                                              our subscription management 
                                              system (SMS) which negatively 
                                              impacted our North American 
                                              customers 'ability to easily 
                                              access our systems. The initial 
                                              issues have been addressed. 
 
                                              Controls 
 
                                               *    Real-time monitoring of systems (for service 
                                                    disruptions) and reporting of operational performance 
                                                    used to identify issues 
 
 
 
                                               *    Project management disciplines in place to ensure 
                                                    enhancements and new products meet required 
                                                    standards. 
 
 
 
                                              2017 plans: Further investment 
                                              is being made in 2017 in our 
                                              global learning platform with 
                                              products being developed on 
                                              it for testing. Read more on 
                                              this in 'our strategy in action' 
                                              section on p14-15. 
 
                                              Mitigations are being put in 
                                              place to prevent a reoccurrence 
                                              of the 2016 back-to-school 
                                              issues for customers, which 
                                              are described further in the 
                                              Develop digital and services 
                                              section on p15. 
 
                                              Continued focus on customer 
                                              service quality and responsiveness 
                                              with specialised service for 
                                              specific customer groups. We 
                                              continue to invest in training 
                                              agents to ensure that they 
                                              are ready to handle the broad 
                                              range of issues faced by learners 
                                              and educators. We have also 
                                              improved escalation 
                                              processes so that we can be 
                                              more responsive to complex 
                                              issues that require engagement 
                                              from product engineering teams. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Business continuity:                  2016 activities: A revised 
  Failure to have                       business resilience policy 
  plans in place                        and supporting guidance was 
  or plans are                          developed in 2016, identifying 
  not properly                          our 
  executed. Crisis                      exposure and risk as they relate 
  management and                        to key products, sites, services 
  technology disaster                   and supply chain. A common 
  recovery (DR)                         crisis management framework 
  plans may not                         was implemented, with training 
  be comprehensive                      and scenario sessions running 
  across the whole                      during 2016. 
  enterprise. 
                                        Pearson won an external award 
                                        for Business Continuity/Resilience 
                                        Team of the Year, in recognition 
                                        of the ongoing eff orts and 
                                        shifting focus from traditional 
                                        business continuity towards 
                                        resilience management. 
 
                                        Technology incidents are dealt 
                                        with reactively and proactive 
                                        closure of known DR gaps is 
                                        prioritised based upon the 
                                        importance of products and 
                                        systems. Data centres are being 
                                        consolidated, including greater 
                                        use of cloud solutions. A schedule 
                                        is in place for testing the 
                                        DR of data centres. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Business resilience governance group has been 
                                              established, meeting quarterly, with senior leaders 
                                              from across the business 
 
 
 
                                         *    Key enterprise systems developed during 2016 (the 
                                              Enabling Programme, oneCRM, and Identity and Access 
                                              Management) have all been delivered with 'high 
                                              availability' requirements to provide resilience 
 
 
 
                                         *    Product Lifecycle includes an explicit checkpoint to 
                                              ensure appropriate resilience is built into new 
                                              products. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Key Pearson locations 
                                        identified that will be the 
                                        priority for 2017 to ensure 
                                        business resilience plans are 
                                        in place and tested. 
 
                                        Crisis management training 
                                        will continue across 2017. 
 
                                        Work continues to address any 
                                        gaps in the DR arrangements 
                                        for legacy systems where appropriate. 
                                        Further data centre consolidation 
                                        and migration to cloud services.. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 FINANCIAL 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Tax:                                  2016 activities: This risk 
  Legislative change                    has slightly increased during 
  caused by the                         2016 due to pending legislative 
  OECD Base Erosion                     changes, and the definition 
  and Profit Shifting                   of the 
  initiative, the                       risk was reworded to take into 
  UK exit from                          account the external focus 
  the EU, US tax                        on transparency, linked to 
  reform or domestic                    greater scrutiny and the potential 
  government initiatives,               for reputational damage. Plans 
  potentially in                        are being put in place to manage 
  response to the                       the implementation of these 
  ongoing EU anti                       legislative changes. 
  tax abuse 
  activities, results                   Controls 
  in a higher 
  effective tax                          *    Our tax strategy reflects our business strategy and 
  rate, double                                the locations and financing needs of our operations. 
  taxation and/or                             In common with many companies, we seek to manage our 
  negative reputational                       tax affairs to protect value for our shareholders, in 
  impact.                                     line with our broader fiduciary duties. We are 
                                              committed to complying with all statutory obligations, 
                                              to undertake full disclosure to tax authorities and 
                                              to follow agreed policies and procedures with regard 
                                              to tax planning and strategy 
 
 
 
                                         *    Oversight of tax strategy is within the remit of the 
                                              audit committee, which receives a report on this 
                                              topic at least once a year. All of the audit 
                                              committee members are independent non-executive 
                                              directors. The chief financial officer is responsible 
                                              for tax strategy; the conduct of our tax affairs and 
                                              the management of tax risk are delegated to a global 
                                              team of tax professionals. See p133 for details of 
                                              tax accounting policy. 
 
 
 
                                         *    Media and public scrutiny on tax issues continues to 
                                              be actively monitored by group tax and corporate 
                                              affairs. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Continued close 
                                        monitoring with advisers on 
                                        proposed and potential legislation 
                                        changes and possible impacts. 
 
                                        Potential impact of the UK's 
                                        decision to leave the EU, and 
                                        the inauguration of a new President 
                                        in the US are being closely 
                                        monitored. There could be significant 
                                        changes to the US and UK tax 
                                        regimes including VAT and withholding 
                                        tax. It is too early to know 
                                        what these changes will be, 
                                        or any impact 
                                        they may have. 
 
                                        Media and public scrutiny on 
                                        tax issues will continue to 
                                        be actively monitored by group 
                                        tax and corporate affairs. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Treasury :                       2016 activities: Treasury slightly 
  Failure to manage                increased in 2016 and remains 
  treasury                         a major risk as Pearson has 
  financial risk                   net debt of GBP1.1bn which 
  (e.g. FX, interest               periodically needs refinancing, 
  rate, counterparty               and faces the possibility of 
  and operational                  the loss of cash balances in 
  risk).                           the event of a bank failure. 
                                   Pearson also faces the possibility 
                                   of losses due to changes in 
                                   FX or interest rates adversely 
                                   affecting the organisation. 
 
                                   However, the probability of 
                                   a major issue is relatively 
                                   low due to the spread of debt 
                                   maturities, the cautious approach 
                                   to counterparty credit risk 
                                   and the strong liquidity position. 
                                   Pearson finished the year with 
                                   over GBP1bn of cash and sufficient 
                                   access to funds to be able 
                                   to repay its $850 million in 
                                   maturities in 2018 with the 
                                   additional possibility of 
                                   funds from the PRH disposal 
                                   or recapitalisation. 
 
                                   The potential impacts of the 
                                   UK's exit from the EU, such 
                                   as market and FX volatility, 
                                   were closely monitored throughout 
                                   2016 (which will continue in 
                                   2017). 
 
                                   2017 plans: During January 
                                   2017, the Group's credit ratings 
                                   with Moody's and Standard and 
                                   Poors were modified from Baa2/BBB 
                                   (stable) to Baa2/BBB (negative 
                                   outlook). This is not expected 
                                   to restrict short-term capital 
                                   market access if this was required. 
 
                                   In 2017, we will continue to 
                                   operate in line with our treasury 
                                   policy. More on this can be 
                                   found in note 19, starting 
                                   on p160. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Data privacy                          2016 activities: Risk concerning 
  and information                       cyber security and data privacy 
  security:                             remains high due to complex 
  Risk of a data                        external factors, 
  privacy incident                      including increasingly sophisticated 
  or other failure                      attack strategies, as well 
  to comply with                        as Pearson's ongoing transition 
  data privacy                          to digital products, services 
  regulations and                       and cloud adoption. 
  standards; and/or 
  a weakness in                         There are also upcoming increased 
  information security,                 regulatory obligations under 
  including a failure                   the new EU data privacy law, 
  to prevent or                         the General Data Protection 
  detect a malicious                    Regulation (GDPR), which will 
  attack on our                         apply from May 2018 and introduce 
  systems, could                        more onerous privacy obligations 
  result in a major                     and more stringent penalties 
  data privacy                          for non-compliance. The data 
  breach causing                        privacy and information security 
  reputational                          offices worked together 
  damage and financial                  in 2016 on the bulletproofing 
  loss.                                 and critical product programme 
                                        to ensure that appropriate 
                                        security and privacy controls 
                                        are built in. 
 
                                        Data privacy 
 
                                        Actively worked to mitigate 
                                        the risk through continued 
                                        eff orts on our privacy programme, 
                                        in particular the roll-out 
                                        of global policies and training, 
                                        deploying new vendor and programme 
                                        privacy impact assessment processes, 
                                        and developing 
                                        specialist privacy toolkits 
                                        to help employees better manage 
                                        privacy risks. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Established data privacy office 
 
 
 
                                         *    Data privacy policy and annual training 
 
 
 
                                         *    Monitoring by the Data Privacy Council 
 
 
 
                                         *    Privacy impact assessments in place. 
 
 
 
                                        Information security 
 
                                        The information security programme 
                                        continued in 2016 to close 
                                        gaps where risk has been identified, 
                                        such as undertaking security 
                                        impact assessments and putting 
                                        in place remediation plans. 
                                        Work continued towards global 
                                        PCI compliance to avoid potential 
                                        for severe fines and potential 
                                        loss of contract revenue. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Established information security office 
 
 
 
                                         *    Up-to-date security policies and awareness training 
 
 
                                        in place 
 
                                         *    Ongoing monitoring for potential malicious attacks on 
                                              our infrastructure and systems 
 
 
 
                                         *    Ongoing firewall management activities 
 
 
 
                                         *    Automated security exception management 
 
 
 
                                         *    Vendor contract reviewed and approved for appropriate 
                                              security controls. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: The data privacy 
                                        and information security 
                                        improvement programmes that 
                                        commenced in 2015 
                                        will continue throughout 2017 
                                        and will implement 
                                        critical processes to drive 
                                        best practices. 
 
                                        The joint activity on bulletproofing 
                                        and critical products programme 
                                        will continue, for example 
                                        ensuring that the new global 
                                        learning platform is 'secure 
                                        by design'. 
 
                                        The data privacy programme 
                                        will progress changes required 
                                        to comply with the GDPR ready 
                                        for it to take effect in May 
                                        2018. As Pearson operates across 
                                        several EU Member States, Pearson 
                                        will still need to comply with 
                                        GDPR even when the UK leaves 
                                        the European Union. The data 
                                        privacy office will continue 
                                        to monitor plans for the UK's 
                                        departure 
                                        from the EU and, if necessary, 
                                        will adapt its privacy 
                                        programme to take into account 
                                        any new UK-specific privacy 
                                        developments. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Intellectual                          2016 activities: In 2016, we 
  property including                    rolled out the new Pearson 
  rights, permissions                   brand with its protection greatly 
  and royalties:                        improved by expanding word 
  Failure or lack                       mark protection to 80 new countries 
  of practical                          and filing for logo in 150 
  ability to adequately                 countries. A global brand database 
  manage, procure                       was also fully implemented 
  register, monitor,                    to support this. The patent 
  protect and/or                        governance programme was revamped 
  properly license                      in 2016 and a stronger framework 
  our intellectual                      to protect intellectual property 
  property rights                       (IP) was established. 
  (including patents, 
  trademarks and                        Work began in 2016 to evaluate 
  general copyright)                    new royalty and business practices. 
  in our brands,                        We also began to implement 
  content and technology                a global three-tier strategy 
  may prevent us                        guiding third-party assets 
  from enforcing                        (e.g. images, text, rich media) 
  our rights against                    rights acquisition as well 
  competitors'                          as a more stringent rights 
  to protect our                        review and reclearance process. 
  market share. 
                                        Controls 
  Failure to obtain 
  permissions,                           *    Policies in place to manage and protect our 
  or to comply                                intellectual property 
  with the terms 
  of 
  permissions, 
  for copyrighted                        *    Cooperation with trade associations 
  or otherwise 
  protected materials 
  such as photos 
  resulting in                           *    Monitoring of technology and legal advances 
  potential litigation; 
  risk of authors 
  alleging improper 
  calculations                           *    Patent programme in place. 
  or payments of 
  royalties. 
 
                                        2017 plans: We will continue 
                                        to streamline our portfolios; 
                                        procure and register expanded 
                                        rights in our high-value IP 
                                        globally, including aggressively 
                                        expanding our patent portfolio; 
                                        monitor activities and regulations; 
                                        and proactively enforce our 
                                        rights, taking necessary legal 
                                        action. 
 
                                        In 2017, we will start to implement 
                                        the newly developed royalty 
                                        and business practices. A new 
                                        rights management system is 
                                        being developed for roll-out 
                                        in the UK, US and Canada during 
                                        2017 and 2018. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Anti-bribery                          2016 activities: Internal procedures 
  and corruption                        and controls, including training, 
  (ABC):                                continue to improve, which 
  Failure to effectively                should mitigate the 
  manage risks                          impact as part of an 'adequate 
  associated with                       procedures' defence, in the 
  compliance to                         event that an undetected ABC 
  global and local                      matter arises. 
  ABC legislation. 
                                        The audit committee reviewed 
                                        the results of a self-assessment 
                                        of the ABC programme, supplemented 
                                        by internal audit and external 
                                        independent review (see p72). 
                                        Overall, this indicated an 
                                        effective framework to be in 
                                        place. 
 
                                        Pearson's ABC infrastructure 
                                        includes a network of local 
                                        compliance officers based in 
                                        country, being mainly members 
                                        of the legal team. These officers 
                                        have assumed responsibility 
                                        for ABC compliance in their 
                                        respective businesses, and 
                                        function as the 'eyes and ears' 
                                        of the organisation with the 
                                        oversight of the central compliance 
                                        and legal teams. 
 
                                        In addition to ongoing face-to-face 
                                        training for higher risk groups, 
                                        a compliance awareness campaign 
                                        took place in December 2016 
                                        which included ABC, to coincide 
                                        with UN International Anti-Corruption 
                                        Day. ABC certification was 
                                        rolled 
                                        out across all higher risk 
                                        markets in 2016. 
 
                                        Controls 
 
                                         *    Policy and guidance updated, although no change to 
                                              Pearson's 'zero tolerance' principle 
 
 
 
                                         *    Code of Conduct certification and training in place, 
                                              which includes a clear statement of ABC policy 
 
 
 
                                         *    Business Partner Code of Conduct, emphasising ABC 
                                              compliance 
 
 
 
                                         *    Local Compliance Officer programme in place and 
                                              proving successful. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Continue risk assessments 
                                        in 2017 to ensure that the 
                                        ABC programme continues to 
                                        reflect local market and business 
                                        model risks. 
 
                                        Further develop and deploy 
                                        risk-based third-party due 
                                        diligence and monitoring. 
 
                                        Leverage The Enabling Programme's 
                                        systems and processes to automate 
                                        and embed improved preventive 
                                        and detective controls relevant 
                                        to ABC. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 Competition law                       2016 activities: A policy, 
  :                                     general training plus supporting 
  Failure to comply                     guidance were developed in 
  with anti-trust                       2016, containing all the measures, 
  and competition                       indicators and actions required 
  legislation could                     to ensure anti-trust 
  result in costly                      and competition compliance. 
  legal proceedings 
  and/or adversely                      Controls 
  impact our reputation. 
                                         *    Policy and guidance published 
 
 
 
                                         *    Lawyer network launched across Pearson 
 
 
 
                                         *    Ongoing training and awareness initiatives. 
 
 
 
                                        2017 plans: Employee training 
                                        will continue throughout 
                                        2017 and risk assessments are 
                                        ongoing to monitor compliance 
                                        with anti-trust and competition 
                                        legislation. 
-------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 

LEGAL NOTICE

"Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this document include forward-looking statements. In particular, all statements that express forecasts, expectations and projections with respect to future matters, including trends in results of operations, margins, growth rates, overall market trends, the impact of interest or exchange rates, the availability of financing, anticipated costs savings and synergies and the execution of Pearson's strategy, are forward-looking statements. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in future. They are based on numerous assumptions regarding Pearson's present and future business strategies and the environment in which it will operate in the future. There are a number of factors which could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including a number of factors outside Pearson's control. These include international, national and local conditions, as well as competition. They also include other risks detailed from time to time in Pearson's publicly-filed documents and you are advised to read, in particular, the risk factors set out in this document. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and Pearson gives no undertaking to update forward-looking statements to reflect any changes in its expectations with regard thereto or any changes to events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements."

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