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| Share Name | Share Symbol | Market | Type | Share ISIN | Share Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prudential Plc | LSE:PRU | London | Ordinary Share | GB0007099541 | ORD 5P |
| Price Change | % Change | Share Price | Bid Price | Offer Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Shares Traded | Last Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -13.60 | -2.01% | 663.80 | 664.20 | 664.60 | 681.40 | 663.40 | 673.40 | 16,912,299 | 16:35:23 |
| Industry Sector | Turnover | Profit | EPS - Basic | PE Ratio | Market Cap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Insurance | 12.19B | 1.7B | 0.6401 | 10.38 | 18B |
From Feb 2020 to Feb 2025
TIDMPRU
RNS Number : 9437I
Prudential PLC
14 August 2019
European Embedded Value (EEV) Basis Results
SUMMARISED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
Hot Features
Premium
Half year 2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
----------------------- --------------------------------
Half year Full year
Note Asia US Group total Group total Group total
notes (ii)(iii) notes (ii)(iii)
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Continuing operations:
New business 3 1,295 348 1,643 1,588 3,525
Business in force 4 832 445 1,277 1,170 2,977
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Long-term business 2,127 793 2,920 2,758 6,502
Asset management 91 11 102 75 162
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Operating profit from long-term business and asset
management 2,218 804 3,022 2,833 6,664
Other income and expenditurenote (i) (361) (340) (726)
Restructuring costs (20) (18) (47)
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Operating profit from continuing operations 2,641 2,475 5,891
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 5 2,229 (965) (2,498)
Effect of changes in economic assumptions 6 (1,371) 610 312
Mark-to-market value movements on core structural
borrowings 7 (492) 579 549
Loss attaching to corporate transactions 14 (24) (48) (75)
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Non-operating profit (loss) from continuing
operations 342 176 (1,712)
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Profit for the period from continuing operations 2,983 2,651 4,179
Profit for the period from discontinued
operationsnote (iii) 1,281 317 409
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Profit for the period attributable to equity
holders of the Company 4,264 2,968 4,588
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company:
From continuing operations 2,978 2,650 4,176
From discontinued operations 1,281 317 409
Non-controlling interests from continuing
operations 5 1 3
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
4,264 2,968 4,588
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
EEV basis basic earnings per share
2019 2018
----------- --------------------------------
Half year Half year Full year
notes (ii)(iii) notes (ii)(iii)
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Based on operating profit from continuing
operations, after non-controlling interests (in
pence) 102.1p 96.2p 228.7p
Based on profit for the period attributable to
equity holders of the Company (in pence)
----------- --------------- ---------------
From continuing operations 115.3p 103.0p 162.2p
From discontinued operations 49.6p 12.3p 15.9p
----------- --------------- ---------------
164.9p 115.3p 178.1p
Weighted average numbers of shares in the period
(millions) 2,583 2,573 2,575
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
Annualised return on embedded value* 17% 13% 10%
--------------------------------------------------- ---- ----- --- ----------- --------------- ---------------
* Annualised return on embedded value is based on EEV profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the Company, after non-controlling interests, as a percentage of opening EEV basis shareholders' equity. Half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two.
Notes
(i) EEV basis other income and expenditure represents the post-tax IFRS basis results for other operations (including Group and Asia Regional Head Office, holding company borrowings, Africa operations and Prudential Capital) less the unwind of expected margins on the internal management of the assets of the covered business (as explained in note 11(i)(g)).
(ii) The comparative results have been prepared using previously reported average exchange rates for the period.
(iii) The Group's UK and Europe operations have been classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019 as described in note A2 of the Group IFRS basis results. 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published accordingly in line with the Group IFRS basis results. This approach has been adopted consistently throughout this supplementary information.
MOVEMENT IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Half year 2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------
Discontinued UK and Europe Group Half year Full year
Asia US Other operations total Group total Group total
note (iii) note (iii) note (iii)
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Continuing operations:
Operating profit from
long-term and asset
management businesses 2,218 804 - 3,022 2,833 6,664
Other income and
expenditure - - (361) (361) (340) (726)
Restructuring costs (13) (1) (6) (20) (18) (47)
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Operating profit from
continuing operations 2,205 803 (367) 2,641 2,475 5,891
Non-operating profit
(loss) from continuing
operationsnote (v) 863 145 (666) 342 176 (1,712)
Non-controlling interests (4) - (1) (5) (1) (3)
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Profit for the period from
continuing operations 3,064 948 (1,034) 2,978 2,650 4,176
Profit for the period from
discontinued
operationsnote (iii) - - - 1,281 1,281 317 409
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Profit for the period
attributable to equity
holders of the Company 3,064 948 (1,034) 1,281 4,259 2,967 4,585 Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges 219 18 (14) 2 225 523 1,706 Intra-group dividends and investment in operationsnote (i) (362) (406) 1,124 (356) - - - External dividends - - (870) - (870) (840) (1,244) Mark-to-market value movements on Jackson assets backing surplus and required capital - 137 - - 137 (32) (95) Other movementsnote (ii) (154) (8) 797 (752) (117) 127 132 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Net increase in shareholders' equity 2,767 689 3 175 3,634 2,745 5,084 Shareholders' equity at beginning of period 25,132 14,690 (3,624) 13,584 49,782 44,698 44,698 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Shareholders' equity at end of period 27,899 15,379 (3,621) 13,759 53,416 47,443 49,782 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Representing: Long-term business 27,080 15,329 - 11,749 54,158 47,659 50,388 Asset management and other 309 50 (3,621) 857 (2,405) (1,675) (2,257) Goodwill 510 - - 1,153 1,663 1,459 1,651 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Shareholders' equity at end of period 27,899 15,379 (3,621) 13,759 53,416 47,443 49,782 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Shareholders' equity per share at end of periodnote (iv) 1,073p 592p (139)p 529p 2,055p 1,830p 1,920p -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Long-term business 24,329 14,650 - 11,409 50,388 45,917 45,917 Asset management and other 305 40 (3,624) 1,022 (2,257) (2,677) (2,677) Goodwill 498 - - 1,153 1,651 1,458 1,458 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Shareholders' equity at beginning of period 25,132 14,690 (3,624) 13,584 49,782 44,698 44,698 -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------ Shareholders' equity per share at beginning of periodnote (iv) 969p 567p (140)p 524p 1,920p 1,728p 1,728p -------------------------- ------ ------ ------- -------------------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Notes
(i) Intra-group dividends represent dividends that have been declared in the period. Investment in operations reflects movements in share capital. The amounts included for these items in the analysis of movement in free surplus (note 9) are as per the holding company cash flow at transaction rates. The difference primarily relates to intra-group loans, foreign exchange and other non-cash items.
(ii) Other movements include reserve movements in respect of the shareholders' share of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes, share capital subscribed, share-based payments, treasury shares and intra-group transfers between operations which have no overall effect on the Group's shareholders' equity.
(iii) The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
(iv) Based on the number of issued shares at 30 June 2019 of 2,600 million shares (30 June 2018: 2,592 million shares; 31 December 2018: 2,593 million shares).
(v) The GBP(666) million non-operating loss recorded for other operations comprises GBP(484) million of mark-to-market value movements on core structural borrowings, GBP(162) million for demerger costs (net of tax) and GBP(20) million for short term fluctuations.
SUMMARY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
--------- --------------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Assets less liabilities before deduction of insurance funds 470,884 429,035 431,269
Less insurance funds:*
--------- --------- ---------
Policyholder liabilities (net of reinsurers' share) and unallocated surplus of
with-profits
funds (451,189) (413,145) (414,002)
Less shareholders' accrued interest in the long-term business 33,744 31,561 32,533
--------- --------- ---------
(417,445) (381,584) (381,469)
Less non-controlling interests (23) (8) (18)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
Total net assets attributable to equity holders of the Company 53,416 47,443 49,782
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
Share capital 130 129 130
Share premium 1,974 1,954 1,964
IFRS basis shareholders' reserves 17,568 13,799 15,155
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
IFRS basis shareholders' equity 19,672 15,882 17,249
Additional EEV basis retained profit 33,744 31,561 32,533
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
EEV basis shareholders' equity 53,416 47,443 49,782
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
* Including liabilities in respect of insurance products classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4.
NOTES ON THE EEV BASIS RESULTS
1 Basis of preparation
The EEV basis results have been prepared in accordance with the EEV Principles issued by the European Insurance CFO Forum in 2016. Where appropriate, the EEV basis results include the effects of adoption of EU-endorsed IFRS.
The Directors are responsible for the preparation of the supplementary information in accordance with the EEV Principles. The EEV basis results for half year 2019 and half year 2018 are unaudited. Except for re-presenting the results for UK and Europe operations as discontinued operations, the full year 2018 results have been derived from the EEV basis results supplement to the Company's statutory accounts for 2018. The supplement included an unqualified audit report from the auditors.
A detailed description of the EEV methodology and accounting presentation is provided in note 11.
2 Results analysis by business area
The half year 2018 comparative results are shown below on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER) bases. The half year 2018 CER comparative results are translated at half year 2019 average exchange rates.
Annual premium equivalents (APE) from continuing operations(note 13)
Constant exchange
Actual exchange rate rate
-------------------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- --------------------
Half year 2019 GBPm Half year 2018 GBPm Change % Half year 2018 GBPm Change %
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Annual New Annual New Annual New Annual New Annual New
premium business premium business premium business premium business premium business
equivalent profit equivalent profit equivalent profit equivalent profit equivalent profit
------ ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Asia 1,978 1,295 1,736 1,122 14% 15% 1,806 1,178 10% 10% US 831 348 816 466 2% (25)% 868 495 (4)% (30)% ------ ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- Group total 2,809 1,643 2,552 1,588 10% 3% 2,674 1,673 5% (2)% ------ ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the Company
Actual exchange rate Constant exchange rate
------------------------------ ------------------------------
Half year 2019 GBPm Half year 2018* GBPm Change % Half year 2018* GBPm Change %
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Continuing operations:
Asia
Long-term business 2,127 1,753 21% 1,834 16%
Asset management 91 77 18% 79 15%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Total 2,218 1,830 21% 1,913 16%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
US
Long-term business 793 1,005 (21)% 1,068 (26)%
Asset management 11 (2) 650% (2) 650%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Total 804 1,003 (20)% 1,066 (25)%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Operating profit from
long-term business and asset
management 3,022 2,833 7% 2,979 1%
Other income and expenditure (361) (340) (6)% (341) (6)%
Restructuring costs (20) (18) (11)% (18) (11)%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Operating profit from
continuing operations 2,641 2,475 7% 2,620 1%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Short-term fluctuations in
investment returns 2,229 (965) (1,021)
Effect of changes in economic
assumptions (1,371) 610 656
Mark-to-market value
movements on core structural
borrowings (492) 579 580
Loss attaching to corporate
transactions (24) (48) (50)
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Total non-operating profit
from continuing operations 342 176 165
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Profit for the period from
continuing operations 2,983 2,651 13% 2,785 7%
Profit for the period from
discontinued operations 1,281 317 304% 317 304%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
Profit for the period
attributable to equity
holders of the Company 4,264 2,968 44% 3,102 37%
----------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------------- --------
* The half year 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
EEV basis basic earnings per share
Actual exchange rate Constant exchange rate
------------------------- -------------------------
Half year 2019 Half year 2018* Change % Half year 2018* Change %
----------------------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------- --------------- --------
Based on operating profit from continuing
operations after non-controlling
interests (in pence) 102.1p 96.2p 6% 101.8p 0%
Based on profit for the period
attributable to equity holders of the
Company (in pence):
-------------- --------------- ---------------
From continuing operations 115.3p 103.0p 12% 108.2p 7%
From discontinued operations 49.6p 12.3p 303% 12.3p 303%
-------------- --------------- ---------------
164.9p 115.3p 43% 120.5p 37%
----------------------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------- --------------- --------
* The half year 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
3 Analysis of new business contribution from continuing operations
Half year 2019
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value
Annual premium of new business New business New business margin
---------------------
equivalents (APE) premiums (PVNBP) contribution APE PVNBP
GBPm GBPm GBPm % %
note 13 note 13 note (i)
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------ -------- -----------
Asianote(ii) 1,978 10,988 1,295 65% 11.8%
US 831 8,310 348 42% 4.2%
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
Group totalnote (iii) 2,809 19,298 1,643 58% 8.5%
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
Half year 2018*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value
Annual premium of new business New business New business margin
---------------------
equivalents (APE) premiums (PVNBP) contribution APE PVNBP
GBPm GBPm GBPm %%
note 13 note 13 note (i)
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------ -------- -----------
Asianote(ii) 1,736 9,132 1,122 65% 12.3%
US 816 8,163 466 57% 5.7%
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
Group totalnote (iii) 2,552 17,295 1,588 62% 9.2%
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
Full year 2018*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value
Annual premium of new business New business New business margin
---------------------
equivalents (APE) premiums (PVNBP) contribution APE PVNBP
GBPm GBPm GBPm %%
note 13 note 13
---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------ -------- -----------
Asianote(ii) 3,744 20,754 2,604 70% 12.5%
US 1,542 15,423 921 60% 6.0% ---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------ Group totalnote (iii) 5,286 36,177 3,525 67% 9.7% ---------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(i) The movement in new business contribution of GBP55 million from GBP1,588 million for half year 2018 to GBP1,643 for half year 2019 is analysed as follows:
Effect of changes in
interest rates and Sales volume,
Foreign exchange other economic business and product
New business Half year 2018 movement assumptions mix and other items Half year 2019
contribution GBPm GBPm GBPm GBPm GBPm
--------------------- -------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------
Asia 1,122 56 (21) 138 1,295
US 466 29 (75) (72) 348
--------------------- -------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------
Group 1,588 85 (96) 66 1,643
--------------------- -------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------
(ii) Asia new business contribution by business unit is shown below:
2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
--------- ----------------------------------
AER CER AER
Half year Half year Half year Full year
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
China JV 98 76 76 149
Hong Kong 826 731 777 1,729
Indonesia 66 59 61 122
Taiwan 22 21 21 46
Other 283 235 243 558
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total 1,295 1,122 1,178 2,604
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(iii) Details of new business contribution from discontinued operations are shown in note 13.
4 Operating profit from long-term business in force from continuing operations
Half year 2019 GBPm
--------------------------------
Asia US Group
operations operations total
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Unwind of discount and other expected returnsnote (i) 622 355 977
Effect of changes in operating assumptionsnote (ii) 131 - 131
Experience variances and other itemsnote (iii) 79 90 169
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Total operating profit from long-term business in force 832 445 1,277
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Half year 2018* GBPm
--------------------------------
Asia US Group
operations operations total
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Unwind of discount and other expected returnsnote (i) 601 433 1,034
Experience variances and other items 30 106 136
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Total operating profit from long-term business in force 631 539 1,170
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Full year 2018* GBPm
--------------------------------
Asia US Group
operations operations total
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Unwind of discount and other expected returns 1,218 881 2,099
Effect of changes in operating assumptions 342 115 457
Experience variances and other items 223 198 421
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
Total operating profit from long-term business in force 1,783 1,194 2,977
-------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(i) The movement in unwind of discount and other expected returns of GBP(57) million from GBP1,034 million for half year 2018 to GBP977 million for half year 2019 comprises:
Half year 2019 GBPm
-----------------------
Asia US Group total
------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- ---- -----------
Growth in opening value of in-force business 69 (51) 18
Effect of changes in interest rates and other economic assumptions (71) (56) (127)
Foreign exchange movements 23 29 52
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- ---- -----------
Total movement in unwind of discount and other expected returns 21 (78) (57)
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- ---- -----------
(ii) The half year 2019 effect of changes in operating assumptions of GBP131 million in Asia principally reflects the beneficial effect on the effective tax rate for China from changes to tax legislation in the first half of 2019.
(iii) In Asia, the half year 2019 effect of experience variances and other items of GBP79 million is driven by positive mortality and morbidity experience in a number of local business units, together with a positive persistency variance from participating and health and protection products.
In the US, the effect of experience variances and other items include items as shown below. Other items includes the effects of positive persistency experience in the period.
2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
--------- --------------------
Half year Half year Full year
----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Spread experience variance 12 26 39
Amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses 36 45 92
Other items 42 35 67
------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
Total US experience variances and other items 90 106 198
------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
5 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns from continuing operations
2019 GBPm 2018* GBPm
--------- --------------------
Half year Half year Full year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Asia
Hong Kong 897 (212) (552)
Singapore 153 (126) (233)
Other 230 (177) (244)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Total Asianote (i) 1,280 (515) (1,029)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
US
Investment return related experience on fixed income securitiesnote (ii) (16) 15 60 Investment return related impact due to changed expectation of profits on in-force variable annuity business in future periods based on current period separate account return, net of related hedging activity and other itemsnote (iii) 985 (543) (1,541) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- Total US 969 (528) (1,481) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- Other operations (20) 78 12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- Total continuing operations 2,229 (965) (2,498) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(i) For half year 2019, the credit of GBP1,280 million mainly represents the increase in bond and equity values in Hong Kong and higher than expected investment returns on participating and unit-linked business in Singapore and Taiwan.
(ii) The net result relating to fixed income securities reflects a number of offsetting items as follows:
- The impact on portfolio yields of changes in the asset portfolio
in the period;
- The difference between actual realised gains and losses and the
amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses that
is recorded within operating profit; and
- Credit experience versus the longer-term assumption.
(iii) This item reflects the net impact of:
- Changes in projected future fees and future benefit costs arising
from the difference between the actual growth in separate account
asset values of 15.2 per cent and that assumed of 2.8 per cent
(half year 2018: actual growth of 2.2 per cent compared to assumed
growth of 3.2 per cent; full year 2018: actual growth of negative
5.4 per cent compared to assumed growth of positive 6.2 per cent);
and
- Related hedging activity arising from realised and unrealised gains
and losses on equity-related hedges and interest rate derivatives
and other items.
6 Effect of changes in economic assumptions from continuing operations
2019 GBPm 2018* GBPm
--------- --------------------
Half year Half year Full year
----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Asia
Hong Kong (478) 400 165
Indonesia 33 (89) (94)
Malaysia 34 (41) (19)
Singapore (101) (32) 70
Other (45) 5 (7)
----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Total Asianote (i) (557) 243 115
------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
US
Variable annuity businessnote (ii) (1,129) 497 365
Fixed annuity and other general account businessnote (iii) 315 (130) (168)
----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Total US (814) 367 197
------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
Total continuing operations (1,371) 610 312
------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(i) In half year 2019, the negative effect of GBP(557) million largely arises from movements in long-term interest rates, resulting in lower assumed fund earned rates for participating business in Hong Kong and Singapore, partially offset by the positive effect of lower risk discount rates in Indonesia and Malaysia in valuing future profits for health and protection business and a refinement to the methodology in Vietnam as described in note 11(i)(h).
(ii) In half year 2019, the charge of GBP(1,129) million mainly reflects the effect of a decrease in the assumed separate account return, following the 70 basis points decrease in the US 10-year treasury yield over the period, resulting in lower projected fee income and an increase in projected benefit costs for variable annuity business.
(iii) For fixed annuity and other general account business, the impact reflects the effect on the present value of future projected spread income from the combined decrease in interest rates and credit spreads in the period.
7 Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed businesses
2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
------- ---------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
------- ---------- ------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
EEV
Mark-to basis Mark-to EEV Mark-to EEV
-market at -market basis at -market basis at
IFRS value market IFRS value market IFRS value market
basis adjustment value basis adjustment value basis adjustment value
--------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Holding company cash
and short-term
investmentsnote (i) (2,365) - (2,365) (2,210) - (2,210) (3,236) - (3,236)
---------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Holding company
borrowings:
------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Subordinated debt
with no options to
substitute to
M&GPrudentialnote
(ii) 3,362 163 3,525 4,067 (119) 3,948 3,757 (108) 3,649
Senior debt 519 177 696 549 143 692 517 174 691
Bank loan 275 - 275 - - - 275 - 275
------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Central funds before
amounts capable of
being substituted to
M&GPrudential 4,156 340 4,496 4,616 24 4,640 4,549 66 4,615
Subordinated debt
capable of being
substituted to
M&GPrudential (as at
30 Jun 2019)note
(iii) 3,089 209 3,298 1,287 80 1,367 2,919 64 2,983
---------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Total holding company
borrowings 7,245 549 7,794 5,903 104 6,007 7,468 130 7,598
---------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Holding company net
borrowings 4,880 549 5,429 3,693 104 3,797 4,232 130 4,362
Prudential Capital
bank loan - - - 275 - 275 - - -
Jackson Surplus Notes 196 62 258 189 47 236 196 53 249
---------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Net core structural
borrowings of
shareholder-financed
businessesnote (iv) 5,076 611 5,687 4,157 151 4,308 4,428 183 4,611
---------------------- ------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- --------
Notes
(i) Holding company includes central finance subsidiaries. (ii) In May 2019, the Company redeemed its GBP400 million 11.375 per cent subordinated notes.
(iii) In October 2018, the Company issued three tranches of substitutable debt as part of the process required before the proposed demerger, to rebalance debt across M&GPrudential and Prudential plc. Total proceeds, net of costs, were GBP1.6 billion. In the first half of 2019, the Group agreed with the holders of two subordinated debt instruments to alter the terms and conditions of these instruments in exchange for an upfront fee of GBP141 million and an increase in the coupon of the instruments. The loss arising from the change in fair value in the period of GBP100 million has been treated as an expense attributable to the discontinued UK and Europe operations and the GBP141 million fee, which has been paid by Prudential plc, has been treated as a non-operating expense.
(iv) The movement in the value of core structural borrowings includes foreign exchange effects for US dollar denominated debts, which are included in 'Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges'. The movement in the mark-to-market value adjustment can be analysed as follows:
2019 GBPm 2018 GBPm
--------- --------------------
Half year Half year Full year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Mark-to-market value adjustment at beginning of period 183 743 743
Change in fair value of debt under IFRS as a result of consent process (169) - -
Charge (credit) in respect of market movements included in the income statement* 592 (579) (549)
Effect of changes in US$ exchange rate for US$ denominated debts included in
reserves 5 (13) (11)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Mark-to-market value adjustment at end of period 611 151 183
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
* The total income statement charge of GBP592 million relates to GBP492 million from continuing operations and GBP100 million note(iii) from discontinued operations
Further details are explained in note D2.1 of the Group's IFRS basis results
8 Analysis of movement in total net worth and value of in-force for long-term business
Half year 2019 GBPm
-------------------------------------------------------------
Total
Free Required Total Value of embedded
surplus capital net worth in-force business value
-------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Group
Shareholders' equity at beginning of period from
continuing operations 3,856 4,734 8,590 30,389 38,979
New business contribution(note 3) (516) 358 (158) 1,801 1,643
Existing business - transfer to net worth 1,533 (296) 1,237 (1,237) -
Expected return on existing business(note 4) 59 64 123 854 977
Changes in operating assumptions and experience
variances(note 4) 338 108 446 (146) 300
Restructuring costs (1) - (1) - (1)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Operating profit from continuing operations 1,413 234 1,647 1,272 2,919
Non-operating profit (loss) from continuing
operations 268 (146) 122 886 1,008
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Profit for the period from continuing operations 1,681 88 1,769 2,158 3,927
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net
investment hedges 58 19 77 151 228
Intra-group dividends and investment in operations (701) - (701) - (701)
Other movements (24) - (24) - (24)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Shareholders' equity at end of period from
continuing operations 4,870 4,841 9,711 32,698 42,409
Shareholders' equity at end of period from
discontinued operations 3,705 5,175 8,880 2,869 11,749
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Shareholders' equity at end of period 8,575 10,016 18,591 35,567 54,158
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Asia
New business contribution(note 3) (250) 99 (151) 1,446 1,295
Existing business - transfer to net worth 779 (169) 610 (610) -
Expected return on existing business(note 4) 35 29 64 558 622
Changes in operating assumptions and experience
variances(note 4) 30 107 137 73 210
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Operating profit based on longer-term investment
returns 594 66 660 1,467 2,127
Non-operating profit (loss) 674 37 711 152 863
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Profit for the period 1,268 103 1,371 1,619 2,990
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
US
New business contribution(note 3) (266) 259 (7) 355 348
Existing business - transfer to net worth 754 (127) 627 (627) -
Expected return on existing business(note 4) 24 35 59 296 355
Changes in operating assumptions and experience
variances(note 4) 308 1 309 (219) 90
Restructuring costs (1) - (1) - (1)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Operating profit based on longer-term investment
returns 819 168 987 (195) 792
Non-operating profit (loss) (406) (183) (589) 734 145
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Profit for the period 413 (15) 398 539 937
--------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
Note
The net value of in-force business comprises the value of future margins from current in-force business less the cost of holding required capital for long-term business as shown below:
30 Jun 2019 GBPm 31 Dec 2018 GBPm
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
UK and Group UK and Group
Asia US Europe total Asia US Europe total
------------------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Value of in-force business before deduction
of cost of
capital and time value of options and
guarantees 23,035 12,267 3,334 38,636 21,867 11,811 3,083 36,761
Cost of capital (681) (237) (465) (1,383) (566) (296) (459) (1,321)
Time value of options and guarantees* (278) (1,408) - (1,686) (981) (1,446) - (2,427)
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Net value of in-force business 22,076 10,622 2,869 35,567 20,320 10,069 2,624 33,013
Total net worth 5,004 4,707 8,880 18,591 4,009 4,581 8,785 17,375 -------------------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------- ------- Total embedded value 27,080 15,329 11,749 54,158 24,329 14,650 11,409 50,388 -------------------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
* The time value of options and guarantees arises from the variability of economic outcomes in the future and is, where appropriate, calculated as the difference between a full stochastic valuation and a single deterministic valuation as described in note 11(i)(d). Both valuations reflect the level of policyholder benefits (including guaranteed benefits and discretionary bonuses) and associated charges, together with management actions in response to emerging investment and fund solvency conditions. The reduction in the time value of options and guarantees for Asia operations from GBP(981) million at 31 December 2018 to GBP(278) million at 30 June 2019 reflects the interaction between these effects on the two valuations at the respective level of interest rates and equity markets.
9 Analysis of movement in free surplus
For EEV covered business, free surplus is the excess of the regulatory basis net assets for EEV reporting purposes (total net worth) over the capital required to support the covered business. Where appropriate, adjustments are made to total net worth so that backing assets are included at fair value rather than at cost to comply with the EEV Principles. In the Group's Asia and US operations, assets deemed to be inadmissible on a local regulatory basis are included in net worth where considered fully recognisable on an EEV basis. Free surplus for asset management operations is taken to be IFRS basis post-tax earnings and shareholders' equity, net of goodwill. Free surplus for other operations (including Group and Asia Regional Head Office, holding company borrowings, Africa operations and Prudential Capital) is taken to be EEV basis post-tax earnings and shareholders' equity net of goodwill, with subordinated debt recorded as free surplus to the extent that it is classified as available capital under Solvency II.
Half year 2019
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operations
------------------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
note (a) note (b)
----------------------------- -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Operating free surplus
generated before
restructuring costsnote (e) 685 831 1,516 (361) 1,155
Restructuring costs (13) (1) (14) (6) (20)
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Operating free surplus
generated 672 830 1,502 (367) 1,135
Non-operating profit (loss)
from continuing
operationsnote (f) 674 (406) 268 (185) 83
Free surplus generated from
discontinued operations 974 974
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Free surplus generated in the
period 1,346 424 1,770 (552) 974 2,192
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Net cash flows to parent
companynote (g) (451) (400) (851) 1,212 (361) -
External dividends - - - (870) - (870)
Exchange movements on foreign
operations, timing
differences and other
itemsnote (h) (15) 124 109 304 (744) (331)
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Net movement in free surplus 880 148 1,028 94 (131) 991
Balance at beginning of period 2,034 2,167 4,201 3,008 4,693 11,902
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Balance at end of period 2,914 2,315 5,229 3,102 4,562 12,893
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Half year 2018* GBPm
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------
Continuing operations
------------------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
note (a) note (b)
----------------------------- -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Operating free surplus
generated before
restructuring costs 590 593 1,183 (340) 843
Restructuring costs (10) - (10) (8) (18)
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Operating free surplus
generated 580 593 1,173 (348) 825
Non-operating profit (loss)
from continuing
operationsnote (f) (167) (489) (656) 97 (559)
Free surplus generated from
discontinued operations 726 726
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Free surplus generated in the
period 413 104 517 (251) 726 992
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Net cash flows to parent
companynote (g) (391) (342) (733) 1,111 (378) -
External dividends - - - (840) - (840)
Exchange movements on foreign
operations, timing
differences and other
itemsnote (h) (359) 12 (347) 413 77 143
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Net movement in free surplus (337) (226) (563) 433 425 295
Balance at beginning of period 2,470 1,928 4,398 1,774 3,180 9,352
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Balance at end of period 2,133 1,702 3,835 2,207 3,605 9,647
------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----- ---------------------------- ------
Full year 2018* GBPm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operations
--------------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ -------
Operating free surplus
generated before
restructuring costs 1,171 1,419 2,590 (726) 1,864
Restructuring costs (19) (17) (36) (11) (47)
------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ -------
Operating free surplus
generated 1,152 1,402 2,554 (737) 1,817
Non-operating profit (loss)
from continuing operationsnote
(f) (393) (842) (1,235) (22) (1,257)
Free surplus generated from
discontinued operations 1,965 1,965
------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ ------- Free surplus generated in the year 759 560 1,319 (759) 1,965 2,525 ------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ ------- Net cash flows to parent companynote (g) (699) (342) (1,041) 1,732 (691) - External dividends - - - (1,244) - (1,244) Exchange movements on foreign operations, timing differences and other itemsnote (h) (496) 21 (475) 1,505 239 1,269 ------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ ------- Net movement in free surplus (436) 239 (197) 1,234 1,513 2,550 Balance at beginning of year 2,470 1,928 4,398 1,774 3,180 9,352 ------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ ------- Balance at end of year 2,034 2,167 4,201 3,008 4,693 11,902 ------------------------------- ----- ----- --------------- ------- ------------------------------ -------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(a) Operating free surplus generated by Asia insurance and asset management operations before restructuring costs can be analysed as follows:
Half year 2019 GBPm Half year 2018* GBPm % change
------------------- ---------------------- ----------
AER CER AER CER
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Operating free surplus generated from
in-force life business 844 773 797 9% 6%
Investment in new businessnote (c) (250) (260) (269) (4)% (7)%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Long-term business 594 513 528 16% 13%
Asset management 91 77 79 18% 15%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Total Asia 685 590 607 16% 13%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
* The half year 2018 comparative results are shown on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER) bases. The half year 2018 CER comparative results are translated at half year 2019 average exchange rates.
(b) Operating free surplus generated by US insurance and asset management operations before restructuring costs can be analysed as follows:
Half year 2019 GBPm Half year 2018* GBPm % change
------------------- ---------------------- ----------
AER CER AER CER
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Operating free surplus generated from
in-force life businessnote (d) 1,086 775 824 40% 32%
Investment in new businessnote (c) (266) (180) (192) 48% 39%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Long-term business 820 595 632 38% 30%
Asset management 11 (2) (2) 650% 650%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
Total US 831 593 630 40% 32%
--------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---- ----
* The half year 2018 comparative results are shown on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER) bases. The half year 2018 CER comparative results are translated at half year 2019 average exchange rates.
(c) Free surplus invested in new business primarily represents acquisition costs and amounts set aside for required capital.
(d) The increase in the US in-force free surplus generation includes a GBP274 million benefit following the integration of the recently acquired John Hancock business.
(e) Other operating free surplus generated for "other business" includes GBP(69) million (net of tax) of interest costs on debt that is capable of being substituted to M&GPrudential.
(f) Non-operating items include short-term fluctuations in investment returns, the effect of changes in economic assumptions for long-term business and the effect of corporate transactions as described in note 14. In particular, for other business it includes GBP(162) million for demerger costs (post-tax) and GBP(20) million for short term fluctuations. In addition, for 2018 this included the impact in the US of changes to RBC factors following the US tax reform, which were formally approved by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in June 2018.
(g) Net cash flows to parent company for long-term business reflect the flows as included in the holding company cash flow at transaction rates.
(h) Exchange movements on foreign operations, timing differences and other items represent:
Half year 2019 GBPm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operations
-----------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
Exchange movements on foreign
operations 54 1 55 (8) 2 49
Mark-to-market value movements on
Jackson
assets backing surplus and
required capital - 137 137 - - 137
Other itemsnote (i) (69) (14) (83) 312 (746) (517)
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
(15) 124 109 304 (744) (331)
--------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
Half year 2018 GBPm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operations
-----------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
Exchange movements on foreign
operations 3 38 41 9 (5) 45
Mark-to-market value movements on
Jackson
assets backing surplus and
required capital - (32) (32) - - (32)
Other itemsnote (i) (362) 6 (356) 404 82 130
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
(359) 12 (347) 413 77 143
--------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
Full year 2018 GBPm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operations
-----------------------------------
Total insurance
and asset Discontinued UK and Europe Group
Asia US management Other operations total
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
Exchange movements on foreign
operations 88 131 219 (6) - 213
Mark-to-market value movements on
Jackson
assets backing surplus and
required capital - (95) (95) - - (95)
Other itemsnote (i) (584) (15) (599) 1,511 239 1,151
---------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
(496) 21 (475) 1,505 239 1,269
--------------------------------- ----- ---- --------------- ----- -------------------------------- ------
(i) Other items include the effect of the net issuance of GBP1.2 billion of subordinated debt for other operations in full year 2018, intra-group loans and other intra-group transfers between operations and other non-cash items.
10 Sensitivity of results to alternative economic assumptions
The tables below show the sensitivity of the embedded value as at 30 June 2019 and 31 December 2018 and the new business contribution after the effect of required capital for half year 2019 and full year 2018 for long-term business to:
- 1 per cent increase in the discount rates;
- 1 per cent increase in interest rates and risk discount rates, including consequential changes in assumed investment returns for all asset classes and market values of fixed interest assets, but excluding changes in the allowance for market risk;
- 0.5 per cent decrease in interest rates and risk discount rates, including consequential changes in assumed investment returns for all asset classes and market values of fixed interest assets, but excluding changes in the allowance for market risk;
- 1 per cent rise in equity and property yields; - 10 per cent fall in market value of equity and property assets (embedded value only);
- The statutory minimum capital level in contrast to EEV basis required capital (embedded value only); and
- 5 basis points increase in the UK long-term expected defaults (embedded value only).
The sensitivities shown below are for the impact of instantaneous (and permanent) changes on the embedded value of long-term business operations and include the combined effect on the value of in-force business and net assets (including derivatives) held at the valuation dates indicated. No change in assets held at the period end is assumed when calculating sensitivities. If the changes in assumptions shown in the sensitivities were to occur, the effect shown below would be recorded within two components of the profit analysis for the following period, namely the effect of changes in economic assumptions and short-term fluctuations in investment returns. In addition to the sensitivity effects shown below, the other components of the profit for the following period would be calculated by reference to the altered assumptions, for example new business contribution and unwind of discount and other expected returns, together with the effect of other changes such as altered corporate bond spreads. In addition, for changes in interest rates, the effect shown below for US (Jackson) would also be recorded within mark-to-market value movements on Jackson assets backing surplus and required capital, which are taken directly to shareholders' equity.
New business contribution from continuing long-term business
Half year 2019 GBPm Full year 2018* GBPm
----------------------- ------------------------
Group Group
Asia US total Asia US total
------------------------------------------------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ----- --------
New business contribution(note 3) 1,295 348 1,643 2,604 921 3,525
------------------------------------------------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ----- --------
Discount rates - 1% increase (281) (17) (298) (549) (42) (591)
Interest rates - 1% increase (35) 54 19 (202) 94 (108)
Interest rates - 0.5% decrease (33) (41) (74) 58 (66) (8)
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 67 55 122 130 115 245
------------------------------------------------- -------- ----- ------ ------- ----- --------
* The full year 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Embedded value of long-term business
30 Jun 2019 GBPm 31 Dec 2018 GBPm
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
UK and Group UK and Group
Asia US Europe total Asia US Europe total
------------------------------------------ -------- ------ ------- -------- -------- ------ ------- --------
Shareholders' equity(note 8) 27,080 15,329 11,749 54,158 24,329 14,650 11,409 50,388
------------------------------------------ -------- ------ ------- -------- -------- ------ ------- --------
Discount rates - 1% increase (3,718) (346) (682) (4,746) (3,292) (513) (648) (4,453)
Interest rates - 1% increase (984) (604) (748) (2,336) (1,564) 119 (668) (2,113)
Interest rates - 0.5% decrease (19) (10) 451 422 366 (273) 363 456
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 1,122 1,107 424 2,653 1,041 1,011 377 2,429
Equity/property market values - 10% fall (537) (305) (536) (1,378) (473) (498) (461) (1,432)
Statutory minimum capital 142 166 - 308 110 217 - 327
Long-term expected defaults - 5 bps
increase - - (72) (72) - - (76) (76)
------------------------------------------ -------- ------ ------- -------- -------- ------ ------- --------
11 Methodology and accounting presentation
(i) Methodology
Overview
The embedded value is the present value of the shareholders' interest in the post-tax earnings distributable from assets allocated to the covered business after sufficient allowance has been made for the aggregate risks in that business. The shareholders' interest in the Group's long-term business comprises:
- The present value of expected future shareholder cash flows from the in-force covered business (value of in-force business) less deductions for:
- The cost of locked-in required capital; and - The time value of financial options and guarantees; - Locked-in required capital; and - The shareholders' total net worth in excess of required capital (free surplus).
The value of future new business is excluded from the embedded value. No smoothing of market or account balance values, unrealised gains or investment return is applied in determining the embedded value or profit. Separately, the analysis of profit is delineated between operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and non-operating items, as explained in note (ii)(a) below.
(a) Covered business
The EEV basis results for the Group are prepared for 'covered business' as defined by the EEV Principles. Covered business represents the Group's long-term insurance business (including the Group's investments in joint venture and associate insurance operations), for which the value of new and in-force contracts is attributable to shareholders, with the following exceptions:
- The exclusion of the closed Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF) from covered business. SAIF is a ring-fenced sub-fund of The Prudential Assurance Company Limited (PAC) long-term fund, established by a Court Approved Scheme of Arrangement in October 1997. SAIF is closed to new business and the assets and liabilities of the fund are wholly attributable to the policyholders of the fund; and
- A small amount of UK group pensions business is also not modelled for EEV reporting purposes.
The EEV basis results for the Group's covered business are then combined with the post-tax IFRS basis results of the Group's asset management and other operations (including Group and Asia Regional Head Office, holding company borrowings, Africa operations and Prudential Capital). Under the EEV Principles, the results for covered business incorporate the projected margins of attaching internal asset management, as described in note (g) below.
The definition of long-term insurance business comprises those contracts falling under the definition for regulatory purposes together with, for US operations, contracts that are in substance the same as guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) but do not fall under the technical definition.
(b) Valuation of in-force and new business
The EEV basis results are prepared incorporating best estimate assumptions about all relevant factors including levels of future investment returns, persistency, mortality, morbidity and expenses, as described in note 12(iii)(a). These assumptions are used to project future cash flows. The present value of the projected future cash flows is then calculated using a discount rate, as shown in note 12(i), which reflects both the time value of money and the non-diversifiable risks associated with the cash flows that are not otherwise allowed for.
For M&GPrudential, the embedded value incorporates Solvency II transitional measures, which are recalculated using management's estimate of the impact of operating and market conditions at each valuation date.
New business
In determining the EEV basis value of new business, premiums are included in projected cash flows on the same basis of distinguishing regular and single premium business as set out for statutory basis reporting.
New business premiums reflect those premiums attaching to the covered business, including premiums for contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS. New business premiums for regular premium products are shown on an annualised basis. Internal vesting business is classified as new business where the contracts include an open market option.
New business contribution represents profit determined by applying operating and economic assumptions as at the end of the period. New business profitability is a key metric for the Group's management of the development of the business. In addition, new business margins are shown by reference to annual premium equivalents (APE) and the present value of new business premiums (PVNBP). These margins are calculated as the percentage of the value of new business profit to APE and PVNBP. APE is calculated as the aggregate of regular premiums on new business written in the period and one-tenth of single premiums. PVNBP is calculated as the aggregate of single premiums and the present value of expected future premiums from regular premium new business, allowing for lapses and the other assumptions made in determining the EEV new business contribution.
Valuation movements on investments
With the exception of debt securities held by Jackson, investment gains and losses during the period (to the extent that changes in capital values do not directly match changes in liabilities) are included directly in the profit for the period and shareholders' equity as they arise.
The results for any covered business conceptually reflect the aggregate of the post-tax IFRS basis results and the movements in the additional shareholders' interest recognised on an EEV basis. Therefore, the start point for the calculation of the EEV basis results for Jackson, as for other businesses, reflects the market value movements recognised on an IFRS basis.
In determining the movements in the additional shareholders' interest, for Jackson's debt securities backing liabilities, the aggregate EEV basis results reflect the fact that the value of in-force business incorporates the discounted value of expected future spread earnings. This value is not affected generally by short-term market movements in debt securities that, broadly speaking, are held for the longer term. Consequently, within EEV total net worth, Jackson's debt securities backing liabilities are held on a statutory basis (largely at book value), while those backing surplus and required capital are accounted for at fair value. Consistent with the treatment applied under IFRS, for Jackson's debt securities classified as available-for-sale, movements in unrealised appreciation and depreciation on these securities are accounted for directly in equity rather than in the income statement, as shown in 'Mark-to-market value movements on Jackson assets backing surplus and required capital' in the statement of movement in shareholders' equity.
(c) Cost of capital
A charge is deducted from the embedded value for the cost of locked-in required capital supporting the Group's long-term business. The cost is the difference between the nominal value of the capital held and the discounted value of the projected releases of this capital, allowing for post-tax investment earnings on the capital.
The result is affected by the movement in this cost from period to period, which comprises a charge against new business profit and generally a release in respect of the reduction in capital requirements for business in force as this runs off.
Where required capital is held within a with-profits long-term fund, the value placed on surplus assets in the fund is already discounted to reflect its expected release over time and no further adjustment is necessary in respect of required capital.
(d) Financial options and guarantees
Nature of financial options and guarantees in Prudential's long-term business
Asia
Participating products in Asia, principally written in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, have both guaranteed and non-guaranteed elements. These products provide returns to policyholders through bonuses that are smoothed. There are two types of bonuses: regular and final. Regular bonuses are declared once a year and, once credited, are guaranteed in accordance with the terms of the particular products. Final bonuses are guaranteed only until the next bonus declaration.
There are also various non-participating long-term products with guarantees. The principal guarantees are those for whole-of-life contracts with floor levels of policyholder benefits that accrue at rates set at inception and do not vary subsequently with market conditions.
US (Jackson)
The principal financial options and guarantees in Jackson are associated with the variable annuity and fixed annuity lines of business.
Jackson issues variable annuity (VA) contracts for which it contractually guarantees to the contract holder, subject to specific conditions, either: a) a return of no less than total deposits made to the contract, adjusted for any partial withdrawals; b) total deposits made to the contract, adjusted for any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return; or c) the highest contract value on a specified anniversary date, adjusted for any withdrawals following the specified contract anniversary. These guarantees include benefits that are payable upon depletion of funds (Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits (GMWB)) or as death benefits (Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits (GMDB)). These guarantees generally protect the policyholders' contract value in the event of poor equity market performance. Jackson hedges the GMWB and GMDB guarantees through the use of equity options and futures contracts with an expected long-term future hedging cost allowed for within the EEV value of in-force business. Jackson historically issued a small amount of income benefits (Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefits (GMIB)), which are now materially fully reinsured.
Fixed annuities provide that, at Jackson's discretion, it may reset the interest rate credited to policyholders' accounts, subject to a guaranteed minimum return, which varies from 1.0 per cent to 5.5 per cent for all periods shown, depending on the particular product, jurisdiction where issued and the date of issue. At 30 June 2019, 86 per cent (30 June and 31 December 2018: 88 per cent) of the account values on fixed annuities are for policies with guarantees of 3 per cent or less and the average guarantee rate is 2.7 per cent (30 June and 31 December 2018: 2.6 per cent).
Fixed annuities also present a risk that policyholders will exercise their option to surrender their contracts in periods of rapidly rising interest rates, possibly requiring Jackson to liquidate assets at an inopportune time.
Jackson also issues fixed index annuities that enable policyholders to obtain a portion of an equity-linked return while providing a guaranteed minimum return, which is of a similar nature to those described above for fixed annuities.
UK and Europe (M&GPrudential)
The only significant financial options and guarantees in M&GPrudential's covered business arise in the with-profits fund, for which the guarantee features described above in respect of Asia business broadly apply. The UK with-profits fund also held a provision of GBP49 million at 30 June 2019 (30 June 2018: GBP52 million; 31 December 2018: GBP49 million) to honour guarantees on a small number of guaranteed annuity option products.
The Group's main exposure to guaranteed annuity options in M&GPrudential is through the non-covered business of SAIF. A provision of GBP372 million was held in SAIF at 30 June 2019 (30 June 2018: GBP467 million; 31 December 2018: GBP361 million) to honour the guarantees. As described in note (i)(a) above, the assets and liabilities are wholly attributable to the policyholders of the fund. Therefore, the movement in the provision has no direct impact on shareholders' funds.
Time value
The value of financial options and guarantees comprises the intrinsic value (arising from a deterministic valuation on best estimate assumptions) and the time value (arising from the variability of economic outcomes in the future).
Where appropriate, a full stochastic valuation has been undertaken to determine the time value of financial options and guarantees. The economic assumptions used for the stochastic calculations are consistent with those used for the deterministic calculations. Assumptions specific to the stochastic calculations reflect local market conditions and are based on a combination of actual market data, historic market data and an assessment of long-term economic conditions. Common principles have been adopted across the Group for the stochastic asset models, for example, separate modelling of individual asset classes with an allowance for correlations between various asset classes. Details of the key characteristics of each model are given in note 12(ii).
In deriving the time value of financial options and guarantees, management actions in response to emerging investment and fund solvency conditions have been modelled. Management actions encompass, but are not confined to, investment allocation decisions, levels of regular and final bonuses and credited rates. Bonus rates are projected from current levels and varied in accordance with assumed management actions applying in the emerging investment and fund solvency conditions.
In all instances, the modelled actions are in accordance with approved local practice and therefore reflect the options actually available to management. For the UK with-profits fund, the actions assumed are consistent with those set out in the Principles and Practices of Financial Management, which explain how regular and final bonus rates within the discretionary framework are determined, subject to the general legislative requirements applicable.
(e) Level of required capital
In adopting the EEV Principles, Prudential has based required capital on the applicable local statutory regulations, including any amounts considered to be required above the local statutory minimum requirements to satisfy regulatory constraints.
For with-profits business in Asia and the UK, the available capital in the fund is sufficient to meet the capital requirements. For the UK, a portion of future shareholder transfers expected from the with-profits fund is recognised within total net worth, together with the associated capital requirements.
For shareholder-backed businesses, the following capital requirements for long-term business apply:
- Asia: the level of required capital has been set to an amount at least equal to local statutory notification requirements. For China life operations, the level of required capital follows the approach for EEV reporting issued by the China Association of Actuaries (CAA) reflecting the C-ROSS regime;
- US: the level of required capital has been set at 250 per cent of the risk-based capital (RBC) required by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) at the Company Action Level (CAL); and
- UK and Europe: the capital requirements are set at the Solvency II Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) for shareholder-backed business as a whole.
(f) With-profits business and the treatment of the estate
For the Group's relevant Asia operations and the UK operations, the proportion of surplus allocated to shareholders from the with-profits funds has been based on the applicable profit distribution between shareholders and policyholders. The EEV methodology includes the value attributed to the shareholders' interest in the residual estate of the in-force with-profits business. In any scenarios where the total assets of the life fund are insufficient to meet policyholder claims in full, the excess cost is fully attributed to shareholders.
(g) Internal asset management
The in-force and new business results from long-term business include the projected future profit or loss from asset management and service companies that support the Group's covered insurance businesses. The results of the Group's asset management operations include the current period profit from the management of both internal and external funds. EEV basis shareholders' other income and expenditure is adjusted to deduct the unwind of the expected margins on the internal management of the assets of the life funds for the period as included in 'Other' operations. In half year 2019, the deduction of the unwind of the expected M&GPrudential internal asset management margin is included within the result of discontinued operations. The deduction is on a basis consistent with that used for projecting the results for covered insurance business. Accordingly, Group operating profit based on longer-term investment returns includes the variance between actual and expected profit margin in respect of the management of the assets for the covered business.
(h) Allowance for risk and risk discount rates
Overview
Under the EEV Principles, discount rates used to determine the present value of expected future cash flows are set by reference to risk-free rates plus a risk margin.
For Asia and the US, the risk-free rates are based on 10-year local government bond yields. For the UK and Europe, the risk-free rate is based on the full-term structure of interest rates, ie a yield curve, which is used to determine the embedded value at the end of the reporting period.
The risk margin reflects any non-diversifiable risk associated with the emergence of distributable earnings that is not allowed for elsewhere in the valuation. In order to better reflect differences in relative market risk volatility inherent in each product group, Prudential sets the risk discount rates to reflect the expected volatility associated with the expected future cash flows for each product group in the embedded value model, rather than at a Group level.
Since financial options and guarantees are explicitly valued under the EEV methodology, risk discount rates are set excluding the effect of these product features.
The risk margin also represents the aggregate of the allowance for market risk, additional allowance for credit risk where appropriate, and allowance for non-diversifiable non-market risk. No allowance is required for non-market risks where these are assumed to be fully diversifiable.
Market risk allowance
The allowance for market risk represents the beta multiplied by an equity risk premium. Except for the UK shareholder-backed annuity business (as explained below), such an approach has been used for the Group's covered business.
The beta of a portfolio or product measures its relative market risk. The risk discount rates reflect the market risk inherent in each product group and hence the volatility of product-specific cash flows. These are determined by considering how the profit from each product is affected by changes in expected returns on various asset classes. By converting this into a relative rate of return, it is possible to derive a product-specific beta.
Product level betas reflect the most recent product mix to produce appropriate betas and risk discount rates for each major product group.
At 30 June 2019, the Group reconsidered the application of this methodology for certain Asia businesses to reflect a more granular assessment of the underlying market risks when determining the beta, alongside other refinements. These refinements resulted in the change in the risk discount rate for Vietnam shown in note 12(i)(a), and had an impact of GBP110 million via the effect of change in economic assumptions as shown in note 6. There were small consequential effects on new business contribution and in-force operating profit, which were overall not material in the context of the Group's results.
Additional credit risk allowance
The Group's methodology is to allow appropriately for credit risk. The allowance for total credit risk is to cover expected long-term defaults, credit risk premium (to reflect the volatility in downgrade and default levels) and short-term downgrades and defaults.
These allowances are initially reflected in determining best estimate returns and through the market risk allowance described above. However, for those businesses largely backed by holdings of debt securities, these allowances in the projected returns and market risk allowances may not be sufficient and an additional allowance may be appropriate.
The practical application of the allowance for credit risk varies depending on the type of business as described below:
Asia
For Asia, the allowance for credit risk incorporated in the projected rates of return and the market risk allowance is considered to be sufficient. Accordingly, no additional allowance for credit risk is required.
The projected rates of return for holdings of corporate bonds comprise the risk-free rate plus an assessment of long-term spread over the risk-free rate.
US (Jackson)
For Jackson, the allowance for long-term defaults of 0.17 per cent at 30 June 2019 (30 June 2018: 0.18 per cent; 31 December 2018: 0.17 per cent) is reflected in the risk margin reserve charge that is deducted in determining the projected spread margin between the earned rate on the investments and the policyholder crediting rate.
The risk discount rate incorporates an additional allowance for credit risk premium and short-term downgrades and defaults, as shown in note 12(ii). In determining this allowance, a number of factors have been considered, in particular, including:
- How much of the credit spread on debt securities represents an increased short-term credit risk not reflected in the risk margin reserve long-term default assumptions and how much is liquidity premium (which is the premium required by investors to compensate for the risk of longer-term investments that cannot be easily converted into cash at the fair market value). In assessing this effect, consideration has been given to a number of approaches to estimate the liquidity premium by considering recent statistical data; and
- Policyholder benefits for Jackson fixed annuity business are not fixed. It is possible, in adverse economic scenarios, to pass on a component of credit losses to policyholders (subject to guarantee features), through lower investment returns credited to policyholders. Consequently, it is only necessary to allow for the balance of the credit risk in the risk discount rate.
The level of the additional allowance is assessed at each reporting period to take account of prevailing credit conditions and as the business in force alters over time. The additional allowance for variable annuity business has been set at one-fifth of the non-variable annuity business to reflect the proportion of the allocated holdings of general account debt securities.
The level of allowance differs from that for the UK annuity business for investment portfolio differences and to take account of management actions available in adverse economic scenarios to reduce crediting rates to policyholders, subject to guarantee features of the products.
UK and Europe (M&GPrudential)
(1) Shareholder-backed annuity business
For shareholder-backed annuity business, Prudential has used a market consistent embedded value (MCEV) approach to derive an implied risk discount rate, which is then applied to the projected best estimate future cash flows.
In the annuity MCEV calculations, as the assets are generally held to maturity to match liabilities, the projected future cash flows are discounted using the swap yield curve plus an allowance for liquidity premium based on the Solvency II allowance for credit risk. The Solvency II allowance is set by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), using a prudent assumption that all future downgrades will be replaced annually and allowing for the credit spread floor.
For the purposes of presentation in the EEV basis results, the results produced under the approach above are reconfigured. Under EEV, the projected rates of return on debt securities held are determined after allowing for a best estimate credit risk allowance. The remaining elements of prudence within the Solvency II allowance are incorporated into the risk margin included in the discount rate shown in note 12(iii).
(2) Non-profit annuity business in the with-profits fund
For non-profit annuity business attributable to the UK with-profits fund, the basis for determining the aggregate allowance for credit risk is consistent with that applied for the UK shareholder-backed annuity business as described above. The allowance for credit risk for this business is taken into account in determining the projected future cash flows from the with-profits fund, which are in turn discounted at the risk discount rate applicable to all of the projected cash flows from the fund.
(3) With-profits fund holdings of debt securities
The with-profits fund holds debt securities as part of its investment portfolio backing policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus. The assumed earned rates for with-profits holdings of corporate bonds is defined as the risk-free rate plus an assessment of the long-term spread over risk-free, net of expected long-term defaults. This approach is similar to that applied for equities and properties for which the projected earned rate is defined as the risk-free rate plus a long-term risk premium.
Allowance for non-diversifiable non-market risks
The majority of non-market and non-credit risks are considered to be diversifiable. An allowance for non-diversifiable non-market risks is estimated as set out below.
A base level allowance of 50 basis points is applied to cover the non-diversifiable non-market risks associated with the Group's covered business. For the Group's Asia businesses in Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam, additional allowances are applied for emerging market risk ranging from 100 to 250 basis points. The level of these allowances are reviewed and updated based on an assessment of a range of pre-defined emerging market risk indicators, as well as the Group's exposure and experience in the markets. For the Group's US business and UK and Europe business, no additional allowance is necessary.
(i) Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency profits and losses have been translated at average exchange rates for the period. Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at period-end exchange rates. The principal exchange rates are shown in note A1 of the Group IFRS basis results.
(j) Taxation
In determining the post-tax profit for the period for covered business, the overall tax rate includes the impact of tax effects determined on a local regulatory basis. Tax payments and receipts included in the projected future cash flows to determine the value of in-force business are calculated using tax rates that have been announced and substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
(k) Inter-company arrangements
The EEV results for covered business incorporate annuities established in the PAC non-profit sub-fund from vesting pension policies in SAIF and the effect of the reinsurance arrangement of non-profit immediate pension annuity liabilities of SAIF to the PAC non-profit sub-fund.
(ii) Accounting presentation
(a) Analysis of post-tax profit
To the extent applicable, the presentation of the EEV basis profit for the period is consistent with the classification between operating and non-operating results that the Group applies for the analysis of IFRS basis results. Operating results based on longer-term investment returns are determined as described in note (b) below and incorporate the following:
- New business contribution, as defined in note (i)(b) above;
- Unwind of discount on the value of in-force business and other expected returns, as described in note (c) below;
- The impact of routine changes of estimates relating to operating assumptions, as described in note (d) below; and
- Operating experience variances, as described in note (e) below.
Non-operating results comprise:
- Short-term fluctuations in investment returns; - Mark-to-market value movements on core structural borrowings; - Effect of changes in economic assumptions; and - The impact of corporate transactions undertaken in the period.
In addition, operating results include the effect of changes in tax legislation, unless these changes are one-off and structural in nature or primarily affect the level of projected investment returns, in which case they are reflected as a non-operating result.
Total profit in the period attributable to shareholders and basic earnings per share include these items, together with actual investment returns. The Group believes that operating profit, as adjusted for these items, better reflects underlying performance.
(b) Investment returns included in operating profit
For the investment element of the assets covering the total net worth of long-term insurance business, investment returns are recognised in operating results at the expected long-term rates of return. These expected returns are calculated by reference to the asset mix of the portfolio.
For the purpose of determining the long-term returns for debt securities of Jackson for fixed annuity and other general account business, a risk margin reserve charge is included, which reflects the expected long-term rate of default based on the credit quality of the portfolio. For Jackson, interest-related realised gains and losses are amortised to the operating results over the maturity period of the sold bonds; for equity-related investments, a long-term rate of return is assumed (as disclosed in note 12(b)), which reflects the aggregation of end-of-period risk-free rates and the equity risk premium. For variable annuity separate account business, operating profit includes the unwind of discount on the opening value of in-force business adjusted to reflect end-of-period projected rates of return, with the excess or deficit of the actual return recognised within non-operating results, together with related hedging activity variances.
(c) Unwind of discount and other expected returns
The Group's methodology in determining the unwind of discount and other expected returns is by reference to the value of in-force business at the beginning of the period (adjusted for the effect of changes in economic and operating assumptions in the current period) and required capital and surplus assets.
(d) Effect of changes in operating assumptions
Operating profit includes the effect of changes to non-economic assumptions on the value of in-force business at the end of the period. For presentational purposes the effect of changes is delineated to show the effect on the opening value of in-force business as operating assumption changes, with the experience variances subsequently being determined by reference to the end-of-period assumptions, as discussed below.
(e) Operating experience variances
Operating profit includes the effect of experience variances on non-economic assumptions, such as persistency, mortality, morbidity, expenses and other factors, which are calculated with reference to the end-of-period assumptions.
(f) Effect of changes in economic assumptions
Movements in the value of in-force business at the beginning of the period caused by changes in economic assumptions, net of the related changes in the time value of financial options and guarantees, are recorded in non-operating results.
12 Assumptions (i) Principal economic assumptions
The EEV basis results for the Group's covered business have been determined using economic assumptions where the long-term expected rates of return on investments and risk discount rates are set by reference to period-end risk-free rates of return (defined below for each of the Group's insurance operations). Expected returns on equity and property asset classes and corporate bonds are derived by adding a risk premium to the risk-free rate, based on the Group's long-term view. As described in note 11(i)(h), the resulting risk discount rates incorporate allowances for market risk, additional credit risk and non-diversifiable non-market risks appropriate to the features and risks of the underlying products and markets, after considering risks allowed for explicitly elsewhere in the EEV basis, such as cost of capital and the time value of the cost of options and guarantees.
The total profit that emerges over the lifetime of an individual contract as calculated under the EEV basis is the same over time as that calculated under the IFRS basis. Since the EEV basis reflects discounted future cash flows, under the EEV methodology the profit emergence is advanced, thus more closely aligning the timing of the recognition of profit with the efforts and risks of current management actions, particularly with regard to business sold during the period.
(a) Asianotes(2)(3)
The risk-free rates of return are defined as the 10-year government bond yields at the end of the period.
Risk discount rate %
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
New business In-force business
----------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2019 2018 2019 2018
----------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
China JV 8.0 9.3 8.1 8.0 9.3 8.1
Hong Kongnotes (2)(4) 3.8 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.4
Indonesia 11.8 12.1 12.4 11.8 12.1 12.4
Malaysianote (4) 6.2 6.8 6.6 6.2 6.8 6.6
Philippines 12.5 14.1 14.5 12.5 14.1 14.5
Singaporenote (4) 3.5 3.9 3.4 4.3 4.9 4.2
Taiwan 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.4
Thailand 9.6 10.1 10.0 9.6 10.1 10.0
Vietnam 9.1 12.2 12.6 9.0 12.2 12.6
Total weighted averagenote (1) 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.2 6.0 5.8
------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10-year government bond yield % Expected long-term inflation %
----------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2019 2018 2019 2018
----------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
China JV 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0
Hong Kongnotes (2)(4) 2.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5
Indonesia 7.5 7.9 8.2 4.5 4.5 4.5
Malaysianote (4) 3.7 4.2 4.1 2.5 2.5 2.5
Philippines 5.0 6.6 7.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Singaporenote (4) 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0
Taiwan 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.5
Thailand 2.1 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
Vietnam 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.5
------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Notes
(1) Total weighted average risk discount rates for Asia shown above have been determined by weighting each business's risk discount rates by reference to the EEV basis new business contribution and the net closing value of in-force business. The changes in the risk discount rates for individual Asia businesses reflect the movements in the 10-year government bond yields, changes in the allowance for market risk as described in note 11(i)(h) and changes in product mix.
(2) For Hong Kong, the assumptions shown are for US dollar denominated business. For other businesses, the assumptions shown are for local currency denominated business.
(3) Equity risk premiums in Asia range from 4.0 per cent to 9.5 per cent (30 June and 31 December 2018: 4.0 per cent to 9.4 per cent).
(4) The mean (arithmetic) equity return assumptions for the most significant equity holdings of the Asia businesses are:
2019 % 2018 %
------ --------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
---------- ------ ------ ------
Hong Kong 6.0 6.9 6.7
Malaysia 10.1 10.7 10.6
Singapore 8.5 9.1 8.6
---------- ------ ------ ------
(b) US
The risk-free rate of return is defined as the 10-year treasury bond yield at the end of the period.
2019 % 2018 %
------ --------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Risk discount rate:
Variable annuity:
Risk discount rate 6.4 7.3 7.1
Additional allowance for credit risk included in risk discount ratenote 11(i)(h) 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-variable annuity:
Risk discount rate 3.7 4.6 4.4
Additional allowance for credit risk included in risk discount ratenote 11(i)(h) 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total weighted average:
New business 6.1 7.1 6.9
In-force business 6.1 7.0 6.8
Allowance for long-term defaults included in projected spreadnote 11(i)(h) 0.17 0.18 0.17
US 10-year treasury bond yield 2.0 2.9 2.7
Equity risk premium (arithmetic) 4.0 4.0 4.0
Pre-tax expected long-term nominal rate of return for US equities (arithmetic) 6.0 6.9 6.7
Expected long-term rate of inflation 2.8 3.1 2.9
S&P equity return volatilitynote (ii)(b) 17.5 18.0 17.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Note
Assumed new business spread margins are as follows:
2019 % 2018 %
---------------------- -----------------------------------------------
January to June issues January to June issues July to December issues
----------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -----------------------
Fixed annuity business* 1.50 1.75 1.75
Fixed index annuity business 0.50 2.00 2.00
Institutional business 0.50 0.50 0.50
----------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -----------------------
* Including the proportion of variable annuity business invested in the general account. The assumed spread margin grades up linearly by 25 basis points to a long-term assumption over five years.
The assumed spread margin grades up linearly by 100 basis points over five years, increasing by a further 50 basis points to a long-term assumption at the end of the index option period (2018 issues: grades up linearly by 25 basis points to a long-term assumption over five years).
(c) UK and Europe
The risk-free rate is based on the full term structure of interest rates, ie a yield curve, which is used to determine the embedded value at the end of the reporting period. These yield curves are used to derive pre-tax expected long-term nominal rates of investment return and risk discount rates.
This single implied risk discount rate is shown, along with the 15-year nominal rate of investment return and 15-year rate of inflation based on the inflation yield curve.
2019 % 2018 %
---------- ------------------------
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Shareholder-backed annuity in-force business:note (1)
Risk discount rate 3.8 4.1 4.7
Pre-tax expected 15-year nominal rates of investment return 2.5 2.9 3.1
With-profits and other business:
Risk discount rate:note (2)
New business 4.6 4.8 4.9
In-force business 4.5 4.9 5.0
Pre-tax expected 15-year nominal rates of investment return (arithmetic):
Overseas equities 5.8 to 9.7 6.6 to 10.3 6.5 to 10.1
Property 4.0 4.4 4.4
15-year gilt yield 1.3 1.7 1.7
Corporate bonds 3.0 3.5 3.5
Expected 15-year rate of inflation 3.6 3.4 3.6
Equity risk premium (arithmetic) 4.0 4.0 4.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Notes
(1) For shareholder-backed annuity business, the movements in the pre-tax long-term nominal rates of return and risk discount rates reflect the effect of changes in asset yields.
(2) The risk discount rates for with-profits and other business shown above represent a weighted average total of the rates applied to determine the present value of future cash flows, including the portion of future shareholders' transfers from the with-profits business recognised in total net worth.
(3) The table below shows the pattern of the UK Solvency II risk-free spot yield curve at the end of each reporting period:
1 year 5 year 10 year 15 year 20 year
------------ ------ ------ ------- ------- -------
30 Jun 2019 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 1.1%
31 Dec 2018 1.0% 1.2% 1.3% 1.4% 1.5%
30 Jun 2018 0.8% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6%
------------ ------ ------ ------- ------- -------
(ii) Stochastic assumptions
Details are given below of the key characteristics of the models used to determine the time value of financial options and guarantees as referred to in note 11(i)(d).
(a) Asia
- The stochastic cost of guarantees is primarily of significance for the Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Vietnam businesses;
- The principal asset classes are government bonds, corporate bonds and equity;
- Interest rates are projected using a stochastic interest rate model calibrated to the current market yields;
- Equity returns are assumed to follow a log-normal distribution;
- The corporate bond return is calculated based on a risk-free return plus a mean-reverting spread;
- The volatility of equity returns ranges from 18 per cent to 35 per cent for all periods shown; and
- The volatility of government bond yields ranges from 1.1 per cent to 2.0 per cent for all periods shown.
(b) US (Jackson)
- Interest rates and equity returns are projected using a log-normal generator reflecting historical market data;
- Corporate bond returns are based on treasury yields plus a spread that reflects current market conditions;
- The volatility of equity returns ranges from 17 per cent to 26 per cent (half year 2018: from 18 per cent to 27 per cent; full year 2018: from 17 per cent to 26 per cent); and
- The standard deviation of interest rates ranges from 3.3 per cent to 3.5 per cent (half year 2018: from 2.6 per cent to 2.9 per cent; full year 2018: from 3.4 per cent to 3.7 per cent).
(c) UK and Europe (M&GPrudential)
- Interest rates are projected using a stochastic interest rate model calibrated to the current market yields;
- Equity returns are assumed to follow a log-normal distribution;
- The corporate bond return is calculated based on a risk-free return plus a mean-reverting spread;
- Property returns are modelled based on a risk-free return plus a risk premium with a stochastic process reflecting total property returns; and
- The standard deviation of equities and property ranges from 14 per cent to 20 per cent for all periods shown.
(iii) Operating assumptions
(a) Best estimate assumptions
Best estimate assumptions are used for projecting future cash flows, where best estimate is defined as the mean of the distribution of future possible outcomes. The assumptions are reviewed actively and changes are made when evidence exists that material changes in future experience are reasonably certain.
Assumptions required in the calculation of the value of financial options and guarantees, for example relating to volatilities and correlations, or dynamic algorithms linking liabilities to assets, have been set equal to the best estimates and, wherever material and practical, reflect any dynamic relationships between the assumptions and the stochastic variables.
Demographic assumptions
Persistency, mortality and morbidity assumptions are based on an analysis of recent experience, and also reflect expected future experience. Where relevant, when calculating the time value of financial options and guarantees, policyholder withdrawal rates vary in line with the emerging investment conditions according to management's expectations. When projecting future cash flows for medical reimbursement business that is repriced annually, explicit allowance is made for expected future premiums inflation and separately for future medical claims inflation.
Expense assumptions
Expense levels, including those of the service companies that support the Group's long-term business, are based on internal expense analysis and are appropriately allocated to acquisition of new business and renewal of in-force business. For mature business, it is Prudential's policy not to take credit for future cost reduction programmes until the actions to achieve the savings have been delivered. An allowance is made for short-term required expenses, that are not representative of the longer-term expense loadings of the relevant businesses. At 30 June 2019, the allowance held for these costs across the Group was GBP(353) million mainly arising in Asia. Expense overruns are reported where these are expected to be short-lived, including businesses that are growing rapidly or are sub-scale.
For Asia, the expenses comprise costs borne directly and costs recharged from the Asia Regional Head Office that are attributable to the covered business. The assumed future expenses for these businesses also include projections of these future recharges. Development expenses are charged as incurred.
Corporate expenditure, which is included in other income and expenditure, comprises:
- Expenditure of Group Head Office, together with restructuring costs incurred across the Group; and
- Expenditure of the Asia Regional Head Office that is not allocated to the covered business or asset management. These costs are primarily for corporate related activities and are charged as incurred.
(b) Tax rates
The assumed long-term effective tax rates for operations reflect the incidence of taxable profit and loss in the projected future cash flows as explained in note 11(i)(j).
The local statutory corporate tax rates applicable for the most significant businesses are as follows:
%
Asia:
Hong Kong 16.5 per cent on 5 per cent of premium income
Indonesia 25.0
Malaysia 24.0
Singapore 17.0
US 21.0
UK 19.0; from 1 April 2020: 17.0
----------------- ----------------------------------------------
13 Total insurance and investment products new business
(i) Insurance new business premiumsnote (a)
Present value of new
Annual premium business premiums
Single premiums Regular premiums equivalents (APE) (PVNBP)
---------------------- ------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------
2019 2019 2019 2019
GBPm 2018 GBPm GBPm 2018 GBPm GBPm 2018 GBPm GBPm 2018 GBPm
------ -------------- ----- ------------ ----- --------------- ------ -----------------
Half Half Full Half Half Full Half Half Full Half Half Full
year year year year year year year year year year year year
------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- Continuing operations: Asia Cambodia - - - 11 8 20 11 8 20 51 37 89 Hong Kong 165 157 343 813 726 1,663 830 742 1,697 5,178 4,210 10,200 Indonesia 94 118 205 111 101 215 121 113 236 515 434 910 Malaysia 70 31 84 115 114 243 122 117 251 681 583 1,322 Philippines 11 22 43 54 36 83 55 38 87 185 134 296 Singapore 386 420 930 192 163 369 231 205 462 1,623 1,529 3,611 Thailand 74 124 217 41 41 95 48 53 117 246 289 609 Vietnam 10 8 20 67 60 144 68 61 146 363 305 708 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- South-east Asia including Hong Kong 810 880 1,842 1,404 1,249 2,832 1,486 1,337 3,016 8,842 7,521 17,745 China JVnote (b) 360 30 103 234 184 292 270 187 302 1,185 759 1,313 Taiwan 196 180 292 97 90 182 116 108 211 483 426 788 Indianote (c) 60 31 79 100 101 207 106 104 215 478 426 908 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- Total Asia 1,426 1,121 2,316 1,835 1,624 3,513 1,978 1,736 3,744 10,988 9,132 20,754 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- US Variable annuities 4,854 5,439 10,810 - - - 485 544 1,081 4,854 5,439 10,810 Elite Access (variable annuity) 743 898 1,681 - - - 74 89 168 743 898 1,681 Fixed annuities 177 166 340 - - - 18 17 34 177 166 340 Fixed index annuities 930 125 251 - - - 93 13 25 930 125 251 Institutional 1,606 1,535 2,341 - - - 161 153 234 1,606 1,535 2,341 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- Total US 8,310 8,163 15,423 - - - 831 816 1,542 8,310 8,163 15,423 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- Total continuing operationsnote (d) 9,736 9,284 17,739 1,835 1,624 3,513 2,809 2,552 5,286 19,298 17,295 36,177 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- ------ ------ --------- Discontinued UK and Europe operations Bonds 1,799 1,650 3,539 - - - 180 165 354 Corporate pensions 44 43 69 61 70 117 65 75 124 Individual pensions 2,170 2,989 5,681 18 17 35 235 316 603 Income drawdown 1,248 1,226 2,555 - - - 125 123 256 Other products 854 782 1,538 14 14 25 100 91 179 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- Total discontinued UK and Europe operations 6,115 6,690 13,382 93 101 177 705 770 1,516 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -------- Group totalnote (d) 15,851 15,974 31,121 1,928 1,725 3,690 3,514 3,322 6,802 ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --------
Notes
(a) The tables shown above are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the reporting period that have the potential to generate profit for shareholders. The amounts shown are not, and not intended to be, reflective of premium income recorded in the Group IFRS income statement. A reconciliation of APE and gross premiums earned on an IFRS basis is provided in note II(vi) within the additional financial information.
The format of the tables shown above is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment products as applied for previous financial reporting periods. With the exception of some US institutional business, products categorised as 'insurance' refer to those classified as contracts of long-term insurance business for regulatory reporting purposes, ie falling within one of the classes of insurance specified in Part II of Schedule 1 to the Regulated Activities Order under Prudential Regulation Authority regulations.
The details shown above for insurance products include contributions for contracts that are classified under IFRS 4, 'Insurance Contracts' as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS. Contracts included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK insurance operations and Guaranteed Investment Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US operations.
(b) New business in China JV is included at Prudential's 50 per cent interest in the China joint venture.
(c) New business in India is included at Prudential's interest in the India associate (with effect from 27 March 2019: 22 per cent; 30 June 2018 and 31 December 2018: 26 per cent).
(d) In half year 2019, the Africa business sold new business APE of GBP30 million (half year 2018: GBP18 million; full year 2018: GBP38 million). Given the relative immaturity of the Africa business, it is incorporated into the Group's EEV basis results on an IFRS basis and is excluded from new business sales and profit metrics.
(ii) Investment products - funds under managementnotes (a)(b)(c)
Half year 2019 GBPm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Market Market exchange translation
1 Jan 2019 gross inflows Redemptions and other movements 30 Jun 2019
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Eastspring Investments -
continuing 49,455 16,454 (13,396) 3,959 56,472
M&GPrudential - discontinued 146,946 17,793 (22,379) 10,601 152,961
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Group total 196,401 34,247 (35,775) 14,560 209,433
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Half year 2018 GBPm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Market Market exchange translation
1 Jan 2018 gross inflows Redemptions and other movements 30 Jun 2018
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Eastspring Investments 46,568 10,456 (11,319) (3,335) 42,370
M&GPrudential 163,855 21,401 (17,853) (1,913) 165,490
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Group total 210,423 31,857 (29,172) (5,248) 207,860
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ----------- ------------------------------ -----------
Notes
(a) Investment products referred to in the tables for funds under management above are unit trusts, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as 'investment contracts' under IFRS 4, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business.
(b) Investment flows for half year 2019 exclude Eastspring Money Market Funds gross inflows of GBP103,337 million (half year 2018: gross inflows of GBP95,336 million) and net outflows of GBP978 million (half year 2018: net inflows of GBP665 million).
(c) New business and market gross inflows and redemptions have been translated at an average exchange rate for the period applicable. Funds under management at points in time are translated at the exchange rate applicable to those dates.
14 Gain (loss) attaching to corporate transactions undertaken by continuing operations
2019 GBPm 2018* GBPm
--------- --------------------
Half year Half year Full year
-------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Gain on disposalsnote (i) 140 - -
Other corporate transactionsnote (ii) (164) (48) (75)
-------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
Total (24) (48) (75)
-------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
* The 2018 comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reflect the Group's UK and Europe operations classified as discontinued operations as at 30 June 2019.
Notes
(i) In half year 2019, the GBP140 million gain on disposals mainly relates to profits arising from a reduction in the Group's stake (from 26 per cent to 22 per cent) in its associate in India, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company, and the disposal of Prudential Vietnam Finance Company Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary that provides consumer finance.
(ii) In half year 2019, other corporate transactions undertaken by continuing operations resulted in an EEV loss of GBP(164) million (half year 2018: GBP(48) million; full year 2018: GBP(75) million). This primarily reflects costs related to the preparation for the proposed demerger of M&GPrudential from Prudential plc, including a fee of GBP141 million (before tax) paid to the holders of two subordinated debt instruments as discussed in note 7. In 2018, these additionally included costs from exiting the NPH broker-dealer business in the US.
Additional EEV financial information*
A New business
Basis of preparation
The format of the schedules is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment products as applied for previous reporting periods. With the exception of some US institutional business, products categorised as 'insurance' refer to those classified as contracts of long-term insurance business for regulatory reporting purposes, ie falling within one of the classes of insurance specified in Part II of Schedule 1 to the Regulated Activities Order under the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) regulations.
The details shown for insurance products include contributions for contracts that are classified under IFRS 4 'Insurance Contracts' as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS. Contracts included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK and Europe Insurance Operations, and Guaranteed Investment Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US Insurance Operations.
New business premiums reflect those premiums attaching to covered business, including premiums for contracts designed as investment products for IFRS reporting and for regular premium products are shown on an annualised basis.
Investment products referred to in the tables for funds under management are unit trusts, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4, as described in the preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business.
Post-tax New Business Profit has been determined using the European Embedded Value (EEV) methodology set out in our EEV basis results supplement.
In determining the EEV basis value of new business written in the period when policies incept, premiums are included in projected cash flows on the same basis of distinguishing annual and single premium business as set out for statutory basis reporting.
Annual premium equivalent (APE) sales are subject to rounding.
* The additional financial information is not covered by the KPMG LLP independent review opinion.
Notes to Schedules A(i) to A(v)
(1) Prudential reports its results using both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER) to eliminate the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Average rate* Closing rate
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
% appreciation % appreciation
(depreciation) of (depreciation) of
Half year Half year local currency 30 Jun 30 Jun local currency
Local currency : GBP 2019 2018 against GBP 2019 2018 against GBP
--------------------- --------- --------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------
China 8.78 8.76 (0)% 8.74 8.75 0%
Hong Kong 10.15 10.78 6% 9.94 10.36 4%
Indonesia 18,364.05 18,938.64 3% 17,980.07 18,919.18 5%
Malaysia 5.33 5.42 2% 5.26 5.33 1%
Singapore 1.76 1.83 4% 1.72 1.80 5%
Thailand 40.91 43.66 7% 39.06 43.74 12%
US 1.29 1.38 7% 1.27 1.32 4%
Vietnam 30,087.11 31,329.01 4% 29,660.27 30,310.96 2%
--------------------- --------- --------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------
Average rate* Closing rate
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
% appreciation % appreciation
(depreciation) of (depreciation) of
Half year Full year local currency 30 Jun 31 Dec local currency
Local currency : GBP 2019 2018 against GBP 2019 2018 against GBP
--------------------- --------- --------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------
China 8.78 8.82 0% 8.74 8.74 0%
Hong Kong 10.15 10.46 3% 9.94 9.97 0%
Indonesia 18,364.05 18,987.65 3% 17,980.07 18,314.37 2%
Malaysia 5.33 5.38 1% 5.26 5.26 0%
Singapore 1.76 1.80 2% 1.72 1.74 1%
Thailand 40.91 43.13 5% 39.06 41.47 6%
US 1.29 1.34 4% 1.27 1.27 0%
Vietnam 30,087.11 30,732.53 2% 29,660.27 29,541.15 (0)%
--------------------- --------- --------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------
(*) Average rate is for the 6 month period to 30 June.
(2) Annual premium equivalents (APE) are calculated as the aggregate of regular premiums on business written in the period and one-tenth of single premiums. Present value of new business premiums (PVNBP) are calculated as the aggregate of single premiums and the present value of expected future premiums from regular premium new business, allowing for lapses and the other assumptions applied in determining the EEV new business profit.
(3) New business in China JV is included at Prudential's 50 per cent interest in the China joint venture.
(4) New business in India is included at Prudential's interest in the India associate (with effect from 27 March 2019: 22 per cent; 30 June 2018 and 31 December 2018: 26 per cent).
(5) Investment flows for the period exclude period-to-date Eastspring Money Market Funds (MMF) gross inflow of GBP103,337 million (half year 2018: gross inflow of GBP95,336 million; full year 2018: gross inflow of GBP191,523 million) and net outflow of GBP978 million (half year 2018: net inflow of GBP665 million; full year 2018: net inflow of GBP1,500 million).
(6) Total Group Investment Operations funds under management exclude MMF funds under management of GBP10,492 million at 30 June 2019 (30 June 2018: GBP10,067 million; 31 December 2018: GBP11,602 million).
(7) Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) product sales in Hong Kong are included at Prudential's 36 per cent interest in the Hong Kong MPF business.
(8) Balance sheet figures have been calculated at the closing exchange rates.
(9) Balance includes segregated and pooled pension funds, private finance assets and other institutional clients.
Schedule A(i) New Business Insurance Operations (Actual Exchange Rates)
Note: The half year 2018 comparative results are shown below on actual exchange rates as previously reported.
Single premiums Regular premiums APEnote(2) PVNBPnote(2)
2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-)
Half Half Half Half Half Half Half Half
year year year year year year year year
GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm %
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Continuing operations:
Asia
Cambodia - - - 11 8 38% 11 8 38% 51 37 38%
Hong Kong 165 157 5% 813 726 12% 830 742 12% 5,178 4,210 23%
Indonesia 94 118 (20)% 111 101 10% 121 113 7% 515 434 19%
Malaysia 70 31 126% 115 114 1% 122 117 4% 681 583 17%
Philippines 11 22 (50)% 54 36 50% 55 38 45% 185 134 38%
Singapore 386 420 (8)% 192 163 18% 231 205 13% 1,623 1,529 6%
Thailand 74 124 (40)% 41 41 - 48 53 (9)% 246 289 (15)%
Vietnam 10 8 25% 67 60 12% 68 61 11% 363 305 19%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
South-east Asia
including Hong Kong 810 880 (8)% 1,404 1,249 12% 1,486 1,337 11% 8,842 7,521 18%
China JVnote (3) 360 30 1,100% 234 184 27% 270 187 44% 1,185 759 56%
Taiwan 196 180 9% 97 90 8% 116 108 7% 483 426 13%
Indianote (4) 60 31 94% 100 101 (1)% 106 104 2% 478 426 12%
------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total Asia 1,426 1,121 27% 1,835 1,624 13% 1,978 1,736 14% 10,988 9,132 20%
------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
US
Variable annuities 4,854 5,439 (11)% - - - 485 544 (11)% 4,854 5,439 (11)%
Elite Access (variable
annuity) 743 898 (17)% - - - 74 89 (17)% 743 898 (17)%
Fixed annuities 177 166 7% - - - 18 17 6% 177 166 7%
Fixed index annuities 930 125 644% - - - 93 13 615% 930 125 644%
Wholesale 1,606 1,535 5% - - - 161 153 5% 1,606 1,535 5%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Total US 8,310 8,163 2% - - - 831 816 2% 8,310 8,163 2%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Total continuing
operations* 9,736 9,284 5% 1,835 1,624 13% 2,809 2,552 10% 19,298 17,295 12%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Discontinued
UK and Europe operations:
Bonds 1,799 1,650 9% - - - 180 165 9%
Corporate pensions 44 43 2% 61 70 (13)% 65 75 (13)%
Individual pensions 2,170 2,989 (27)% 18 17 6% 235 316 (26)%
Income drawdown 1,248 1,226 2% - - - 125 123 2%
Other products 854 782 9% 14 14 - 100 91 10%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total discontinued
UK and Europe operations 6,115 6,690 (9)% 93 101 (8)% 705 770 (8)%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Group total* 15,851 15,974 (1)% 1,928 1,725 12% 3,514 3,322 6%
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
* In half year 2019, the Africa business operations sold APE new business of GBP30 million (half year 2018: GBP18 million). Given the relative immaturity of the Africa business, it is incorporated into the Group's EEV basis results on an IFRS basis and is excluded from new business sales and profit metrics.
Schedule A(ii) New Business Insurance Operations (Constant Exchange Rates)
Note: The half year 2018 comparative results are shown below on constant exchange rates, ie translated at half year 2019 average exchange rates.
Single premiums Regular premiums APEnote (2) PVNBPnote (2)
2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-) 2019 2018 +/(-)
Half Half Half Half Half Half Half Half
year year year year year year year year
GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm % GBPm GBPm %
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Continuing operations:
Asia
Cambodia - - - 11 9 22% 11 9 22% 51 40 28%
Hong Kong 165 167 (1)% 813 771 5% 830 788 5% 5,178 4,473 16%
Indonesia 94 122 (23)% 111 104 7% 121 116 4% 515 448 15%
Malaysia 70 31 126% 115 116 (1)% 122 119 3% 681 592 15%
Philippines 11 24 (54)% 54 38 42% 55 41 34% 185 142 30%
Singapore 386 436 (11)% 192 169 14% 231 213 8% 1,623 1,587 2%
Thailand 74 132 (44)% 41 43 (5)% 48 57 (16)% 246 308 (20)%
Vietnam 10 9 11% 67 63 6% 68 64 6% 363 318 14%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
South-east Asia
including Hong Kong 810 921 (12)% 1,404 1,313 7% 1,486 1,407 6% 8,842 7,908 12%
China JVnote (3) 360 30 1,100% 234 183 28% 270 186 45% 1,185 758 56%
Taiwan 196 182 8% 97 92 5% 116 110 5% 483 432 12%
Indianote (4) 60 31 94% 100 100 - 106 103 3% 478 425 12%
------ ------ ----- -----
Total Asia 1,426 1,164 23% 1,835 1,688 9% 1,978 1,806 10% 10,988 9,523 15%
------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------
US
Variable annuities 4,854 5,783 (16)% - - - 485 578 (16)% 4,854 5,783 (16)%
Elite Access (variable
annuity) 743 954 (22)% - - - 74 95 (22)% 743 954 (22)%
Fixed annuities 177 177 - - - - 18 18 - 177 177 -
Fixed index annuities 930 134 594% - - - 93 14 564% 930 134 594%
Wholesale 1,606 1,632 (2)% - - - 161 163 (1)% 1,606 1,632 (2)%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Total US 8,310 8,680 (4)% - - - 831 868 (4)% 8,310 8,680 (4)%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Total continuing
operations 9,736 9,844 (1)% 1,835 1,688 9% 2,809 2,674 5% 19,298 18,203 6%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----
Total discontinued
UK and Europe operations 6,115 6,690 (9)% 93 101 (8)% 705 770 (8)%
------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Group total 15,851 16,534 (4)% 1,928 1,789 8% 3,514 3,444 2%
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Schedule A(iii) Total Insurance New Business APE (Actual and Constant Exchange Rates)
Note: Comparative results for the first half (H1) and second half (H2) of 2018 are presented on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER). The H2 amounts are presented on year-to-date average exchange rates (including the effect of retranslating H1 results for movements in average exchange rates between H1 and the year-to-date).
2018 2019
AER CER AER
H1 GBPm H2 GBPm H1 GBPm H2 GBPm H1 GBPm
------------------------------------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Continuing operations
Asia
Cambodia 8 12 9 11 11
Hong Kong 742 955 788 962 830
Indonesia 113 123 116 128 121
Malaysia 117 134 119 134 122
Philippines 38 49 41 49 55
Singapore 205 257 213 260 231
Thailand 53 64 57 67 48
Vietnam 61 85 64 85 68
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
South-east Asia including Hong Kong 1,337 1,679 1,407 1,696 1,486
China JVnote (3) 187 115 186 118 270
Taiwan 108 103 110 102 116
Indianote (4) 104 111 103 114 106
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total Asia 1,736 2,008 1,806 2,030 1,978
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
US
Variable annuities 544 537 578 537 485
Elite Access (variable annuity) 89 79 95 78 74
Fixed annuities 17 17 18 17 18
Fixed index annuities 13 12 14 13 93
Wholesale 153 81 163 79 161
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total US 816 726 868 724 831
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total continuing operations 2,552 2,734 2,674 2,754 2,809
Discontinued UK and Europe operations
Bonds 165 189 165 189 180
Corporate pensions 75 49 75 49 65
Individual pensions 316 287 316 287 235
Income drawdown 123 133 123 133 125
Other products 91 88 91 88 100
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total discontinued UK and Europe insurance operations 770 746 770 746 705
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Group total 3,322 3,480 3,444 3,500 3,514
------------------------------------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Schedule A(iv) Investment Operations (Actual Exchange Rates)
Note: The H1 and H2 of 2018 comparative results are shown below on actual exchange rates (AER) as previously reported.
2018 2019
------------------ --------
H1 GBPm H2 GBPm H1 GBPm
------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Opening funds under management (FUM) 210,423 207,860 196,401
Net flows:note (5) 2,685 (14,186) (1,528)
-------- -------- --------
- Gross inflows 31,857 26,227 34,247
- Redemptions (29,172) (40,413) (35,775)
-------- -------- --------
Other movements* (5,248) 2,727 14,560
-------- -------- --------
Group totalnote (6) 207,860 196,401 209,433
-------- -------- --------
Continuing operations:
Eastspring - excluding MMF
Third party retail:note (7)
Opening FUM 38,676 36,086 43,340
Net flows:note (5) 25 (692) 2,073
-------- -------- --------
- Gross inflows 10,118 9,125 15,170
- Redemptions (10,093) (9,817) (13,097)
-------- -------- --------
Other movements* (2,615) 7,946 3,649
-------- -------- --------
Closing FUMnote (8) 36,086 43,340 49,062
-------- -------- --------
Third party institutional:
Opening FUM 7,892 6,284 6,115
Net flows: (888) (31) 985
-------- -------- --------
- Gross inflows 338 965 1,284
- Redemptions (1,226) (996) (299)
-------- -------- --------
Other movements (720) (138) 310
-------- -------- --------
Closing FUMnote (8) 6,284 6,115 7,410
-------- -------- --------
Total Eastspring investment operations
(excluding MMF) 42,370 49,455 56,472
-------- -------- --------
Discontinued M&GPrudential operations:
Retail:
Opening FUM 79,697 79,821 69,465
Net flows: 2,154 (7,022) (4,251)
-------- -------- --------
- Gross inflows 16,471 8,113 11,867
- Redemptions (14,317) (15,135) (16,118)
-------- -------- --------
Other movements (2,030) (3,334) 4,267
-------- -------- --------
Closing FUM 79,821 69,465 69,481
-------- -------- --------
Comprising amounts for:
UK 33,786 30,600 30,483
Europe (excluding UK) 44,571 37,523 37,520
South Africa 1,464 1,342 1,478
-------- -------- --------
79,821 69,465 69,481
------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
Institutional:note (9)
Opening FUM 84,158 85,669 77,481
Net flows: 1,394 (6,441) (335)
-------- -------- --------
- Gross inflows 4,930 8,024 5,926
- Redemptions (3,536) (14,465) (6,261)
-------- -------- --------
Other movements 117 (1,747) 6,334
-------- -------- --------
Closing FUM 85,669 77,481 83,480
-------- -------- --------
Total discontinued M&GPrudential operations: 165,490 146,946 152,961
PPM South Africa FUM included
in total discontinued M&GPrudential operations 5,452 5,144 5,696
------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
* Other movements in H2 2018 for Eastspring investments included an inflow of GBP8.7 billion funds under management (ex MMF) from the acquisition of TMB Asset Management Co., Ltd. ('TMBAM') in Thailand.
Schedule A(v) Total Insurance New Business Profit (Actual and Constant Exchange Rates)
Note: Comparative results for half year (HY) and full year (FY) 2018 are presented on both actual exchange rates (AER) and constant exchange rates (CER). The half year 2019 results are presented on AER.
2018 2019
AER CER AER
------
HY FY HY FY HY
GBPm GBPm GBPm GBPm GBPm
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
New business profit
Asia 1,122 2,604 1,178 2,675 1,295
US 466 921 495 951 348
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total continuing operations 1,588 3,525 1,673 3,626 1,643
Total discontinued UK and Europe operations 179 352 179 352 152
------ ------
Group total 1,767 3,877 1,852 3,978 1,795
------ ------ ------
APEnote (2)
Asia 1,736 3,744 1,806 3,836 1,978
US 816 1,542 868 1,592 831
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total continuing operations 2,552 5,286 2,674 5,428 2,809
Total discontinued UK and Europe operations 770 1,516 770 1,516 705
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Group total 3,322 6,802 3,444 6,944 3,514
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
New business margin (NBP as % of APE)
Asia 65% 70% 65% 70% 65%
US 57% 60% 57% 60% 42%
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total continuing operations 62% 67% 63% 67% 58%
Total discontinued UK and Europe operations 23% 23% 23% 23% 22%
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Group total 53% 57% 54% 57% 51%
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
PVNBPnote (2)
Asia 9,132 20,754 9,523 21,284 10,988
US 8,163 15,423 8,680 15,916 8,310
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total continuing operations 17,295 36,177 18,203 37,200 19,298
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
New business margin (NBP as % of PVNBP)
Asia 12.3% 12.5% 12.4% 12.6% 11.8%
US 5.7% 6.0% 5.7% 6.0% 4.2%
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total continuing operations 9.2% 9.7% 9.2% 9.7% 8.5%
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
B Calculation of return on embedded value
Return on embedded value is calculated as the total post-tax EEV profit for the period as a percentage of opening EEV basis shareholders' equity.
Half year 2019
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total continuing Discontinued UK and
Asia US Other operations Europe operations Total Group
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
EEV basis profit for the
period, net of tax and
non-controlling interests
(GBP million) 3,064 948 (1,034) 2,978 1,281 4,259
Opening EEV basis
shareholders' equity
(GBPmillion) 25,132 14,690 (3,624) 36,198 13,584 49,782
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
Annualised total return on
shareholders' funds (%)* 24% 13% n/a 16% 19% 17%
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
* Half year profits are
annualised by multiplying
by two.
Half year 2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total continuing Discontinued UK and
Asia US Other operations Europe operations Total Group
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
EEV basis profit for the
period, net of tax and
non-controlling interests
(GBP million) 1,538 822 290 2,650 317 2,967
Opening EEV basis
shareholders' equity
(GBPmillion) 21,592 13,492 (4,013) 31,071 13,627 44,698
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
Annualised total return on
shareholders' funds (%)* 14% 12% n/a 17% 5% 13%
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
* Half year profits are
annualised by multiplying
by two.
Full year 2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asia US Other Total continuing Discontinued UK and Total Group
operations Europe operations
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
EEV basis profit for the
period, net of tax and
non-controlling interests
(GBP million) 3,601 788 (213) 4,176 409 4,585
Opening EEV basis
shareholders' equity
(GBPmillion) 21,592 13,492 (4,013) 31,071 13,627 44,698
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
Total return on
shareholders' funds (%) 17% 6% n/a 13% 3% 10%
-------------------------- ------ ------ ------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
C Calculation of EEV shareholders' funds per share
EEV shareholders' funds per share is calculated as closing EEV shareholders' equity divided by the number of issued shares at the end of the period (30 June 2019: 2,600 million shares; 30 June 2018: 2,592 million shares; 31 December 2018: 2,593 million shares). EEV shareholders' funds per share excluding goodwill attributable to shareholders is calculated in the same manner, except goodwill attributable to shareholders is deducted from closing EEV shareholders' equity.
30 Jun 2019
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discontinued UK and Europe Total
Asia US Other Total continuing operations operations Group
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity (GBP million) 27,899 15,379 (3,621) 39,657 13,759 53,416
Less: Goodwill attributable
to shareholders (GBP
million) (510) - - (510) (1,153) (1,663)
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (GBP million) 27,389 15,379 (3,621) 39,147 12,606 51,753
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Shareholders' funds per
share (in pence) 1,073p 592p (139)p 1,526p 529p 2,055p
Shareholders' funds per
share excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (in pence) 1,053p 592p (139)p 1,506p 485p 1,991p
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
30 Jun 2018
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discontinued UK and Europe Total
Asia US Other Total continuing operations operations Group
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity (GBP million) 22,608 14,300 (3,108) 33,800 13,643 47,443
Less: Goodwill attributable
to shareholders (GBP
million) (306) - - (306) (1,153) (1,459)
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (GBP million) 22,302 14,300 (3,108) 33,494 12,490 45,984
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Shareholders' funds per
share (in pence) 872p 552p (120)p 1,304p 526p 1,830p
Shareholders' funds per
share excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (in pence) 860p 552p (120)p 1,292p 482p 1,774p
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
31 Dec 2018
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discontinued UK and Europe Total
Asia US Other Total continuing operations operations Group
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity (GBP million) 25,132 14,690 (3,624) 36,198 13,584 49,782
Less: Goodwill attributable
to shareholders (GBP
million) (498) - - (498) (1,153) (1,651)
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Closing EEV shareholders'
equity excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (GBP million) 24,634 14,690 (3,624) 35,700 12,431 48,131
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
Shareholders' funds per
share (in pence) 969p 567p (140)p 1,396p 524p 1,920p
Shareholders' funds per
share excluding goodwill
attributable to
shareholders (in pence) 950p 567p (140)p 1,377p 479p 1,856p
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------- --------------------------- -------------------------- -------
This information is provided by RNS, the news service of the London Stock Exchange. RNS is approved by the Financial Conduct Authority to act as a Primary Information Provider in the United Kingdom. Terms and conditions relating to the use and distribution of this information may apply. For further information, please contact rns@lseg.com or visit www.rns.com.
END
IR PJMRTMBJBBIL
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August 14, 2019 04:30 ET (08:30 GMT)
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