Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

Share Name	Share Symbol	Market	Type
Appian Corporation	NASDAQ:APPN	NASDAQ	Common Stock

	Price Change	% Change	Share Price	Bid Price	Offer Price	High Price	Low Price	Open Price	Shares Traded	Last Trade
	0.00	0.00%	38.56	30.00	40.00				0	11:00:43

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38098

APPIAN CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware						54-1956084
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7950 Jones Branch Drive McLean, VA						22102
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 442-8844

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock	APPN	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Small reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 4, 2024, there were 42,692,076 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 31,195,210 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended Sep tember 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended Septe mber 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	49
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50
Item 5.	Other Information	50
Item 6.	Exhibits	51

	Signatures	53

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

APPIAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value and share data)


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351
Short-term investments and marketable securities	40,798		9,653
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,850 and $2,606, respectively	140,213		171,561
Deferred commissions, current	34,785		34,261
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	45,483		49,529
Total current assets	360,472		414,355
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $30,329 and $25,141, respectively	39,190		42,682

Goodwill	27,462		27,106
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $5,356 and $4,152, respectively	2,790		3,889
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	32,231		39,975
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	54,576		59,764
Deferred tax assets	4,827		3,453
Other assets	28,365		36,279
Total assets	$	549,913	$	627,503
Liabilities and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	6,928	$	6,174
Accrued expenses	11,310		11,046
Accrued compensation and related benefits	31,171		38,003
Deferred revenue	224,199		235,992
Debt	9,598		66,368
Operating lease liabilities	12,470		11,698
Other current liabilities	2,798		1,891
Total current liabilities	298,474		371,172
Long-term debt	243,225		140,221
Non-current operating lease liabilities	54,270		59,067
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370		4,700
Deferred tax liabilities	—		2
Other non-current liabilities	375		—
Total liabilities	599,714		575,162
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity
Class A common stock—par value $0.0001; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and 42,361,024 and 42,169,970 shares issued as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	4		4
Class B common stock—par value $0.0001; 100,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and 31,195,739 and 31,196,796 shares issued as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	3		3
Additional paid-in capital	614,204		595,781
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(22,809)		(23,555)
Accumulated deficit	(598,507)		(519,892)
Treasury stock at cost, 1,127,138 shares as of September 30, 2024	(42,696)		—
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(49,801)		52,341
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity	$	549,913	$	627,503

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

APPIAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Subscriptions	$	123,121	$	103,803	$	353,789	$	296,554
Professional services	30,931		33,291		96,548		103,490
Total revenue	154,052		137,094		450,337		400,044
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	14,082		11,265		39,614		32,492
Professional services	23,002		24,804		74,880		76,515
Total cost of revenue	37,084		36,069		114,494		109,007
Gross profit	116,968		101,025		335,843		291,037
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	50,865		55,667		175,613		181,338
Research and development	38,572		37,135		117,789		118,502
General and administrative	34,688		23,440		108,327		82,342
Total operating expenses	124,125		116,242		401,729		382,182
Operating loss	(7,157)		(15,217)		(65,886)		(91,145)
Other non-operating (income) expense
Other (income) expense, net	(12,544)		1,939		(5,882)		(4,637)
Interest expense	6,168		4,917		17,921		12,790
Total other non-operating (income) expense	(6,376)		6,856		12,039		8,153
Loss before income taxes	(781)		(22,073)		(77,925)		(99,298)
Income tax expense	1,319		178		690		2,137
Net loss	$	(2,100)	$	(22,251)	$	(78,615)	$	(101,435)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.03)	$	(0.30)	$	(1.08)	$	(1.39)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	72,396		73,178		72,664		73,032

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

APPIAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited, in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net loss	$	(2,100)	$	(22,251)	$	(78,615)	$	(101,435)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(11,139)		1,060		607		(2,813)
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities	142		9		139		10
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$	(13,097)	$	(21,182)	$	(77,869)	$	(104,238)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

APPIAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)


				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2023	73,366,766	$	7	$	595,781	$	(23,555)	$	(519,892)	$	—	$	52,341
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(32,923)		—		(32,923)
Issuance of common stock to directors	4,974	—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	141,563	—		(2,862)		—		—		—		(2,862)
Exercise of stock options	43,460	—		345		—		—		—		345
Repurchase of common stock	(1,320,531)	—		—		—		—		(50,019)		(50,019)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		10,606		—		—		—		10,606
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		12,847		—		—		12,847
Balance, March 31, 2024	72,236,232	$	7	$	603,870	$	(10,708)	$	(552,815)	$	(50,019)	$	(9,665)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(43,592)		—		(43,592)
Issuance of common stock to directors	4,692	—		(178)		—		—		178		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	77,116	—		(4,279)		—		—		2,919		(1,360)
Exercise of stock options	25,037	—		(785)		—		—		948		163
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		9,900		—		—		—		9,900
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(1,104)		—		—		(1,104)
Balance, June 30, 2024	72,343,077	$	7	$	608,528	$	(11,812)	$	(596,407)	$	(45,974)	$	(45,658)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(2,100)		—		(2,100)
Issuance of common stock to directors	5,060	—		(192)		—		—		192		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	69,362	—		(3,289)		—		—		2,627		(662)
Exercise of stock options	12,126	—		(348)		—		—		459		111
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		9,505		—		—		—		9,505
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(10,997)		—		—		(10,997)
Balance, September 30, 2024	72,429,625	$	7	$	614,204	$	(22,809)	$	(598,507)	$	(42,696)	$	(49,801)


				Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2022	72,817,887	$	7	$	561,390	$	(7,246)	$	(408,451)	$	145,700
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(36,829)		(36,829)
Issuance of common stock to directors	6,713	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	111,296	—		(2,959)		—		—		(2,959)
Exercise of stock options	19,483	—		131		—		—		131
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		11,056		—		—		11,056
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(700)		—		(700)
Balance, March 31, 2023	72,955,379	$	7	$	569,618	$	(7,946)	$	(445,280)	$	116,399
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(42,355)		(42,355)
Issuance of common stock to directors	4,928	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	99,836	—		(1,816)		—		—		(1,816)
Exercise of stock options	53,190	—		428		—		—		428
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		11,148		—		—		11,148
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(3,172)		—		(3,172)
Balance, June 30, 2023	73,113,333	$	7	$	579,378	$	(11,118)	$	(487,635)	$	80,632
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(22,251)		(22,251)
Issuance of common stock to directors	3,936	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of restricted stock units	92,722	—		(2,465)		—		—		(2,465)
Exercise of stock options	14,039	—		105		—		—		105
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		11,011		—		—		11,011
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		1,069		—		1,069
Balance, September 30, 2023	73,224,030	$	7	$	588,029	$	(10,049)	$	(509,886)	$	68,101

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

APPIAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(78,615)	$	(101,435)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities
Stock-based compensation	30,011		33,215
Depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets	7,503		7,046
Lease impairment charges	5,462		—
Bad debt expense	619		690
Amortization of debt issuance costs	439		342


Benefit for deferred income taxes	(1,281)		(808)
Foreign currency transaction losses, net	2,895		—
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	30,859		30,665
Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,279		(61,555)
Deferred commissions	4,665		(56)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,495		(657)
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(6,975)		(6,671)
Other current and non-current liabilities	535		(2,026)
Deferred revenue	(15,096)		(3,186)
Operating lease assets and liabilities	(1,788)		2,238
Net cash used by operating activities	(6,993)		(102,198)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of investments	11,631		62,590
Payments for investments	(42,638)		(53,443)
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,287)		(8,278)
Net cash (used by) provided by investing activities	(34,294)		869
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings	50,000		92,000
Payments for debt issuance costs	(463)		(411)
Debt repayments	(3,750)		(2,625)
Repurchase of common stock	(50,019)		—
Payments for employee taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards	(4,883)		(7,240)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	619		664
Net cash (used by) provided by financing activities	(8,496)		82,388
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(375)		(679)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(50,158)		(19,620)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	149,351		150,381
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	99,193	$	130,761

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	17,193	$	11,960
Cash paid for income taxes	$	1,925	$	2,944
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued capital expenditures	$	109	$	27

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

APPIAN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Appian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) is a software company that orchestrates business processes. The Appian Platform empowers leaders to design, automate, and optimize important processes from start to finish. With our industry-leading platform and commitment to customer success, Appian is trusted by top organizations to drive transformational process change.

We are headquartered in McLean, Virginia and operate both in the United States and internationally, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

2. Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and cash flows. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 15, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates embedded in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance established against deferred tax assets, the amortization period of deferred commissions, the amortization period of the cost to obtain the judgment preservation insurance policy (as discussed in Note 12), lease impairments, and stock-based compensation.

Revenue Recognition

Refer to Note 3 for a detailed discussion on specific revenue recognition principles related to our major revenue streams.

Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk

Our financial instruments exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and our short-term investments. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, we believe the financial institutions holding our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.

With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. Revenue generated from U.S. federal government agencies represented 23.2% and 22.5% of our revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Additionally, 36.3% and 37.2% of our revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, was generated from international customers. Revenue generated from U.S. federal government agencies represented 21.1% and 20.6% of our revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Additionally, 35.3% and 35.6% of our revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, was generated from international customers. No single end-customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023. As of September 30, 2024, we had one customer whose balance comprised 22% of total accounts receivable.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, as well as overnight repurchase agreements, to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash consisted of cash designated to settle an escrow liability stemming from a holdback agreement related to our acquisition of Lana Labs GmbH. We paid the remaining amount owed on August 11, 2023.

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	148,132
Restricted cash, current	—		—		—		2,249

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	150,381

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts and incorporates an estimation of expected lifetime credit losses on our receivables. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $2.9 million and $2.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Deferred Commissions

We capitalize costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, which consist of sales commissions paid to our sales team and the associated incremental payroll taxes. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or upsell an existing customer are amortized over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized over the related renewal period. We determine the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms, and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are one year or less.

Amortization associated with deferred commissions is recorded to sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Total commission expense was $12.6 million and $35.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Total commission expense was $11.3 million and $33.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally 3 years for computer software, computer hardware, and internally developed software, 5 years for equipment, and 10 years for office furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements have an estimated useful life of the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term.

Severance Costs

In June 2024, we approved a reduction of the Company’s workforce by approximately 150 full-time employees, intended to align sales and marketing teams with our go-to-market strategy and improve profitability. We incurred severance costs related to the involuntary reductions in our workforce. Costs related to benefits provided in accordance with mutually understood and ongoing agreements are recognized when an obligation has been incurred, it is probable the benefits will be paid, and the amount to be paid can be reasonably estimated. We incurred severance costs of $5.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. No severance costs were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The majority of the costs incurred are expected to be paid to the impacted employees by December 31, 2024.

Severance costs related to prior actions totaled $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. No severance costs were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Treasury Stock

We account for treasury stock under the cost method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we have reissued treasury stock to satisfy employee stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units. Because we are in an accumulated deficit position, all reissuances of treasury stock have been recorded as a decrease to additional-paid-in-capital in our consolidated balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

We have not adopted any new accounting guidance in 2024 that has had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances the disclosure requirements for operating segments in our annual and interim consolidated financial statements. The new guidance is effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2024 and for interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2025 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The new ASU requires public companies to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Additionally, it requires public companies to disclose the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. This guidance also applies to public entities that have only one segment. This ASU will only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public companies to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The new guidance will be effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 2025 on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

In March 2024, the SEC issued its final climate disclosure rule, which requires the disclosure of material Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions and other climate-related topics in annual reports if they are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the Company’s business. For large accelerated filers, disclosure requirements will begin phasing in for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. Subsequent to issuance, the rules became the subject of litigation, and the SEC has issued a stay to allow the legal process to proceed. We are currently evaluating the impact these rules will have on our financial statements and related disclosures and will monitor the litigation progress for possible impacts on the disclosure requirements under the rules.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires more detailed disclosures of certain categories of expenses such as employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are components of existing expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. The new guidance will be effective beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2027 and for interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2028. Companies have the option to apply the guidance either on a retrospective or prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our financial statement presentation and disclosures.

3. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services as well as term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training related to our platform.

The following table summarizes revenue recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cloud subscriptions	$	94,075	$	77,247	$	269,106	$	221,381
Term license subscriptions	21,265		20,026		62,263		56,176
Maintenance and support	7,781		6,530		22,420		18,997
Total subscriptions	123,121		103,803		353,789		296,554
Professional services	30,931		33,291		96,548		103,490
Total revenue	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition

We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our term license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time while our cloud subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services are delivered over time.

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis or through non-user-based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front.

Cloud Subscriptions

We generate cloud-based subscriptions revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of one to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance, and they are non-cancellable.

Term License Subscriptions

Our term license subscriptions revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform. The majority of our term license contracts are one year in length. Although term license subscriptions are sold with maintenance and support, the software is fully functional at the beginning of the subscription and is considered a distinct performance obligation. If a cloud-based subscription includes the right for the customer to take possession of the license, the revenue is treated as a term license. Revenue from term license subscriptions is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term.

Maintenance and Support

Maintenance and support subscriptions include both technical support and when-and-if-available software upgrades, which are treated as a single performance obligation as they are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same duration and measure of progress. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support.

Professional Services Revenue

Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold standalone or with other products.

Consulting Services

We sell consulting services to assist customers in planning and executing the deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and most often as either (1) under a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) on a time and materials basis. We also sell advisory services on a subscription basis to support customers or partners with their development and deployment. Consulting services contracts are considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. Revenue from subscription-based consulting contracts is recognized ratably over the contract period. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to date.

Training Services

We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Determining the Transaction Price

The transaction price is the total amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the service offerings in a contract and may include both fixed and variable components. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was immaterial. Our estimates of variable consideration are also subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to transaction prices; however, such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material.

Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices (“SSP”)

We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows:

1.Cloud subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our cloud subscriptions, we establish the SSP of our cloud subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of our cloud subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

2.Term license subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our term license subscriptions, we have established the SSP of term license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of maintenance and support. Maintenance and support is sold on a standalone basis in conjunction with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses and within a narrow range of the net license fee. Because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of term license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

3.Maintenance and support - We establish the SSP of maintenance and support as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses.

4.Consulting and training services - The SSP of consulting and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold.

Contract Balances

Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional.

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Deferred revenue is then recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current.

The following table sets forth our contract asset and contract liability balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current*	$	10,292	$	12,052	$	10,932	$	12,540
Contract assets, non-current*	733		915		1,178		1,720
Total contract assets	$	11,025	$	12,967	$	12,110	$	14,260

Deferred revenue, current	$	224,199	$	235,992	$	194,602	$	194,768
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370		4,700		3,243		5,556
Total contract liabilities	$	227,569	$	240,692	$	197,845	$	200,324

* Current and non-current contract assets are reported as components of the ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ and ‘Other assets’ line items, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue recognized from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period totaled $213.2 million and $177.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2024, we had an aggregate transaction price of $470.4 million allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations. We expect to recognize $321.5 million of this balance as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining amount recognized thereafter.

4. Leases

As of September 30, 2024, our lease portfolio consists entirely of operating leases for corporate offices. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms with various expiration dates through 2031, and some leases include options to extend the term for up to an additional 10 years.

Lease Costs

Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e., common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as maintenance costs, utilities, and service charges, are not included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets or lease liabilities but rather are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. We often receive customary incentives from our landlords such as tenant improvement allowances (“TIAs”) and rent abatement periods, which effectively reduce total lease payments owed for the leases.

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, exclusive of sublease income):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	2,356	$	2,359	$	7,177	$	6,650
Short-term lease cost	481		350		1,246		1,138
Variable lease cost	1,324		1,311		3,972		3,296
Total	$	4,161	$	4,020	$	12,395	$	11,084

Sublease income totaled $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Sublease income totaled $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Lease Impairment Charges

In connection with the headcount reductions approved in June 2024, and our continued efforts to streamline operations and maximize efficiencies, we have initiated supplemental actions to reduce the footprint of our leased office spaces. Pursuant to these initiatives, we have amended and extended the terms of our existing sublease agreement and are seeking a sublease for an additional floor within our corporate headquarters facility. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded non-cash lease impairment charges of $5.5 million within general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations related to the two ROU assets. No impairment charges were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The non-cash lease impairment charges represent the amount the carrying value of the two asset groups exceeded their estimated fair values. The asset groups represented two separate floors within our corporate headquarters facility. The fair values of the two asset groups were measured using discounted cash flow models based on market rents and sublease incomes projected over the remaining lease terms.

Supplemental Lease Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is presented in the following table (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	$	32,231		$	39,975

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	12,470		$	11,698
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	54,270			59,067
Total operating lease liabilities	$	66,740		$	70,765

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	6.7			7.4

Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.4		%

Supplemental cash flow and expense information related to operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is shown below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	3,190	$	2,223	$	8,963	$	6,374

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	777		693		2,375		1,936
Interest expense on operating lease liabilities	1,579		1,667		4,803		4,714

There were no TIA reimbursements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, while TIA reimbursements totaled $1.0 million and $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2024 is shown below (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	3,237
2025	13,065
2026	13,386
2027	13,629
2028	12,473

Thereafter	34,839
Total lease payments	90,629
Less: imputed interest	(23,889)
Total	$	66,740

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table details the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	Carrying Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	26,349

Foreign currency translation adjustments	757
Balance as of December 31, 2023	27,106

Foreign currency translation adjustments	356
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	27,462

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Developed technology	$	7,184	$	7,091
Customer relationships	962		950

Intangible assets, gross	8,146		8,041
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,356)		(4,152)
Intangible assets, net	$	2,790	$	3,889

Intangible amortization expense was $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining amortization periods for developed technology and customer relationships were approximately 1.9 years and 6.6 years, respectively.

The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Projected Amortization
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	383
2025	1,220
2026	785
2027	96
2028	96

Thereafter	210
Total projected amortization expense	$	2,790

6. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	54,660	$	53,313
Office furniture and fixtures	4,484		3,825
Computer software and hardware	9,424		10,491
Internally developed software	758		—
Equipment	193		194
Property and equipment, gross	69,519		67,823
Less: accumulated depreciation	(30,329)		(25,141)
Property and equipment, net	$	39,190	$	42,682

Depreciation expense totaled $2.2 million and $6.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense totaled $2.0 million and $5.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. We disposed of $1.0 million and $1.3 million worth of fully depreciated equipment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. We had no disposals or retirements during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and disposed of $1.4 million worth of fully depreciated property and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Hosting costs	$	3,029	$	2,973
Legal costs	490		103
Marketing and tradeshow expenses	918		685
Third party license fees	888		678
Contract labor costs	1,045		600
Reimbursable employee expenses	1,264		880
Taxes payable	291		1,261
Audit and tax expenses	1,660		1,499
Capital expenditures	109		644
Other accrued expenses	1,616		1,723
Total	$	11,310	$	11,046

8. Debt

Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement

We have a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) which provides for a five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million and, in addition, up to $100.0 million for a revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $20.0 million and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $10.0 million (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility). The Credit Agreement matures on November 3, 2027. We have been using the proceeds to fund the growth of our business and support our working capital requirements.

Under the agreement, we may elect whether amounts drawn bear interest on the outstanding principal amount at a rate per annum equal to either (a) the higher of the Prime rate or the Federal Funds Effective rate (“Base Rate”) plus 0.5% or (b) the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”). An additional interest rate margin is added to the elected interest rates. During the first three years of the Credit Agreement, the additional interest rate margin ranges from 1.5% to 2.5% in the case of Base Rate advances or from 2.5% to 3.5% in the case of Term SOFR advances, depending on our debt to recurring revenue leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). During the final two years of the Credit Agreement, the interest rate margin ranges from 0.5% to 2.5% in the case of Base Rate advances and from 1.5% to 3.5% in the case of Term SOFR advances, depending on our debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains other customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including covenants by us limiting additional indebtedness, guarantees, liens, fundamental changes, mergers and consolidations, dispositions of assets, investments, paying dividends on capital stock or redeeming, repurchasing, or retiring capital stock, prepaying certain junior indebtedness and preferred stock, certain corporate changes, and transactions with affiliates. The Credit Agreement also provides for customary events of default, including but not limited to, non-payment, breaches, or defaults in the performance of covenants, insolvency, bankruptcy, and the occurrence of a material adverse effect on us.

The following table summarizes outstanding debt balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	$	62,000	$	62,000
Secured term loan facility	192,062		145,813
Less: Debt issuance costs (1)	(1,239)		(1,224)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	252,823	$	206,589

Debt, current	$	9,598	$	66,368
Long-term debt	243,225		140,221
Total debt	$	252,823	$	206,589

(1) Deferred debt issuance costs associated with the term loan facility are recorded net of the debt obligation and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

We were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2024, we had $62.0 million outstanding under our $100.0 million revolving credit facility, and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $14.7 million in connection with securing our leased office space.

9. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items, discrete events, or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 35%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the actual effective tax rates were (168.9)% and (0.9)%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the actual effective tax rates were (0.8)% and (2.2)%, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $6.5 million, which if recognized would result in no net effect on the effective tax rate due to a valuation allowance. The amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations or settlements of tax audits is not material to our consolidated financial statements.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to our net operating loss carryforwards, the tax years 2016 through 2023 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. There are no open examinations that would have a meaningful impact on our consolidated financial statements.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards is accounted for using the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards such as RSUs, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

In June 2022, our Board of Directors granted to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) a stock option award that is eligible to vest based on the achievement of various stock price appreciation targets. This option grant (the “2022 CEO option grant”) is our only outstanding stock-based award that vests based on the achievement of market conditions. For awards with market-based conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation, and expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date.

We account for forfeitures of our stock-based awards as they occur rather than estimating expected forfeitures. As of September 30, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized, which relates exclusively to the 2022 CEO option grant, was $7.1 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was approximately $34.6 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	211	$	211	$	641	$	713
Professional services	1,325		1,535		4,364		4,598
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	1,746		3,245		6,270		8,462
Research and development	2,939		2,930		8,859		9,466
General and administrative	3,284		3,090		9,877		9,976
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	9,505	$	11,011	$	30,011	$	33,215

11. Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include additional outstanding shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs, if dilutive. The dilutive effect, if any, of convertible shares is calculated using the treasury stock method. As we reported net losses for all periods presented, all outstanding shares would be considered antidilutive if they were to be assumed as vested or exercised.

The following outstanding securities, prior to the use of the treasury stock method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been antidilutive to earnings per share:


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Stock options	2,518,342	2,611,247
Non-vested restricted stock units	1,216,499	1,133,039

12. Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters

Minimum Purchase Commitments

We have a non-cancellable cloud hosting arrangement with Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) that contains provisions for minimum purchase commitments. Specifically, purchase commitments under the agreement total $131.0 million over five years. The agreement, which started July 2021 and is now in its fourth year as of September 30, 2024, contains minimum spending requirements of $28.0 million in both the fourth and fifth years. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $10.8 million and

$31.8 million, respectively. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $9.3 million and $27.8 million, respectively. The timing of payments under the agreement may vary.

Exclusive of the AWS contract, we have other non-cancellable agreements for subscription software products that contain provisions stipulating minimum purchase commitments. However, the annual purchase commitments under these contracts are, individually and in the aggregate, immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

Pegasystems Litigation

On May 29, 2020, we filed a civil complaint against Pegasystems, Inc. (“Pegasystems”) and Youyong Zou, a Virginia resident, in the Circuit Court for Fairfax County, Virginia. Appian Corp v. Pegasystems Inc. & Youyong Zou, No. 2020-07216 (Fairfax Cty. Ct.). On May 10, 2022, we announced the jury awarded us $2.036 billion in damages for misappropriation of our trade secrets and $1 in damages for violating the Virginia Computer Crimes Act. Pegasystems filed several post-trial motions seeking relief in the form of reducing the damages award or setting aside the jury’s verdict and either granting a new trial or entering judgment in Pegasystems’ favor. All of these motions were denied, and final judgment was entered by the Court on September 15, 2022. The final judgment reaffirmed the $2.036 billion in damages and also ordered Pegasystems to pay Appian $23.6 million in attorney's fees associated with the case as well as statutory post-judgment interest on the judgment at an annual rate of 6%, or approximately $122.0 million per year.

Defendant Youyong Zou has satisfied the judgment of $5,000 (plus interest) against him in lieu of appealing that judgment. On September 15, 2022, Pegasystems filed a notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. On July 30, 2024, the Court of Appeals of Virginia issued a decision reversing the judgment against Pegasystems and remanding for a new trial. The decision rejected Pegasystems’ argument that Appian had not presented evidence that trade secrets were misappropriated but reversed the judgment on the basis of evidentiary and damages rulings made by the trial court. On August 29, 2024, Appian submitted a petition to the Supreme Court of Virginia seeking to reverse the Court of Appeals decision and reinstate the full judgment against Pegasystems. Pegasystems filed an opposition to the petition and cross-issues for appeal on October 21, 2024. The timeline to hear Appian’s petition is in the control of the Supreme Court.

We cannot predict the outcome of any appeals or the exact time it will take to resolve them.

Judgment Preservation Insurance

On September 1, 2023, we entered into a Judgment Preservation Insurance (“JPI”) policy in connection with our $2.036 billion judgment against Pegasystems. The total cost of the policy was $57.3 million and is comprised of the premium, a one-time broker fee, and Virginia lines tax. The policy provides up to $500.0 million of coverage.

The total cost of the policy was capitalized and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated length of the appeals process. We currently estimate the total length of the appeals process (solely for amortization purposes) to be approximately four years. This estimate is reviewed each reporting period. Amortization expense associated with the JPI premium is recorded to general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. JPI amortization expense was $3.6 million and $12.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. JPI amortization expense was $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, $12.5 million of the unamortized balance is classified as ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ while the remaining $26.1 million is classified as 'Other assets’ on our consolidated balance sheets.

Other Legal Matters

From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Share Repurchase Program

In February 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock from March 2024 to February 2026. In March 2024, we repurchased 1.3 million shares under this program at an average share price of $37.86, totaling an aggregate cost of $50.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, shareholders’ equity included 72.4 million shares outstanding, net of 1.1 million shares of common stock held in treasury.

13. Segment and Geographic Information

The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic	$	98,108	$	88,743	$	282,755	$	257,442
International	55,944		48,351		167,582		142,602
Total	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

With respect to geographic information, revenue is attributed to respective geographies based on the contracting address of the customer. The value of our long-lived assets, which are comprised of property and equipment, intangible assets with finite lives, and right-of-use assets, held in the United States and internationally as of September 30, 2024 were $57.3 million and $16.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, our long-lived assets held in the United States and internationally were $67.6 million and $18.9 million, respectively.

14. Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

•Level 1 - Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 - Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own estimates and assumptions reflecting those that a market participant would use.

The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There were no instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Market approach - Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities;

•Income approach - Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts; and

•Cost approach - Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (i.e., replacement cost).

The carrying amounts of our accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. Additionally, the carrying value of our debt associated with the term loan facility approximates fair value because the interest rates are variable and reset on relatively short durations to the then market rates.

Investments

Our investment portfolio consists largely of debt investments classified as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, have been recorded in ‘Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)’ in our consolidated balance sheets. The components of our investments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):


	As of September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	52,421	$	—	$	52,421	$	52,421	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	46,772		—		46,772		46,772		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	23,871		64		23,935		—		23,935
Commercial paper	Level 2	2,893		9		2,902		—		2,902
Corporate bonds	Level 2	13,900		61		13,961		—		13,961
Total investments		$	139,857	$	134	$	139,991	$	99,193	$	40,798

At December 31, 2023, our investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	93,029	$	—	$	93,029	$	93,029	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	56,322		—		56,322		56,322		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	4,830		(2)		4,828		—		4,828


Agency bonds	Level 2	4,828		(3)		4,825		—		4,825
Total investments		$	159,009	$	(5)	$	159,004	$	149,351	$	9,653

We did not hold any Level 3 assets at any point during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Additionally, there were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest income on our investments totaled $1.5 million and $5.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Interest income on our investments totaled $2.4 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Interest income is recorded within other operating (income) expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

The contractual maturities of our debt securities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were all one year or less. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with (1) our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (2) the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 15, 2024.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “would,” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions or variations, including statements regarding our future financial and operating performance, anticipated expansion of the usage of partners to perform professional services, the increase of our subscriptions revenue as a percentage of total revenue, the fluctuation of gross margin on a quarterly basis, our future capital requirements, and our ability to meet our financial covenants under our Credit Agreement. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024 and in our other filings with the SEC. Forward-looking statements should not be relied on as predictions of future events. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Overview

Appian is a software company that orchestrates business processes. The Appian Platform empowers leaders to design, automate, and optimize important processes from start to finish. With our industry-leading platform and commitment to customer success, Appian is trusted by top organizations to drive transformational process change.

We have generated the majority of our revenue from sales of subscriptions, which include (1) cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. Our subscription contracts are priced based primarily on the number of users who access and utilize the applications built on our platform or, alternatively, non-user-based single application licenses. Our subscription contract terms generally vary from one to three years with most providing for payment in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. Due to the variability of our billing terms and the episodic nature of our customers purchasing additional subscriptions, we do not believe changes in our deferred revenue in a given period are directly correlated with our revenue growth.

We have invested in our Customer Success organization to help ensure customers are able to build and deploy applications on our platform. We have several strategic partnerships, including with Accenture, Capgemini, Deloitte, EY, KPMG, PwC, and TCS, which allow them to refer customers to us in order to purchase subscriptions. Our partners then provide professional services directly to the customers using our platform. We intend to continue focusing on adding new customers with our strategic partners. In addition, over time we expect our professional services revenue as a percentage of total revenue to decline as we increasingly rely on strategic partners to help our customers deploy our software. We believe our investment in professional services, including strategic partners building their practices around Appian, will drive increased adoption of our platform.

Our customers primarily include financial services, government, life sciences, insurance, manufacturing, energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and transportation organizations. Generally, our sales team targets its efforts to organizations with over 2,000 employees and $2 billion in annual revenue. Revenue from U.S. federal government

agencies represented 23.2% and 22.5% of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenue from U.S. federal government agencies represented 21.1% and 20.6% of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. No single end-customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

We offer our platform globally. Our platform supports multiple languages to facilitate collaboration and address challenges in multinational organizations. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, 36.3% and 37.2%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from customers outside of the United States as compared to 35.3% and 35.6% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, we operated in 16 countries. We believe we have a significant opportunity to continue to grow our international footprint, and we are investing in new geographies, including through investment in direct and indirect sales channels, professional services, and customer support and implementation partners.

Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of customer relationships, which is a function of the duration of a customer’s deployment of our platform as well as the price and number of subscriptions of our platform that a customer purchases. We incur significant customer acquisition costs, including expenses associated with hiring new sales representatives, who can take anywhere from six months to a year to become productive given the length of our sales cycle, and marketing costs which, with the exception of certain types of sales commissions, are expensed as incurred.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

The following are several key factors that affect our performance:

•Market Adoption of Our Platform - Our ability to grow our customer base and drive market adoption of our platform is affected by the pace at which organizations digitally transform. We expect our revenue growth will be primarily driven by the pace of adoption and penetration of our platform. We offer a leading custom software platform and intend to continue to invest to expand our customer base. The degree to which prospective customers recognize the need for our software platform and its ability to enable their organizations to digitally transform, and subsequently allocate budget dollars to purchase our software, will drive our ability to acquire new customers and increase sales to existing customers, which, in turn, will affect our future financial performance.

•Growth of Our Customer Base - We believe we have a substantial opportunity to grow our customer base. We have aggressively invested, and intend to continue to invest, in our sales team in order to drive sales to new customers. We continue to make investments to enhance the expertise of our sales and marketing organization within our key industry verticals of financial services, government, life sciences, insurance, and manufacturing. In addition, we have established relationships with strategic partners who work with organizations undergoing digital transformations. Our ability to continue to grow our customer base is dependent, in part, upon our ability to differentiate ourselves within the increasingly competitive markets in which we participate.

•Further Penetration of Existing Customers - Our sales team seeks to generate additional revenue from existing customers by adding new users to our platform. Many of our customers begin by building a single application and then grow to build dozens of applications on our platform. Generally, the development of new applications on our platform results in the expansion of our user base within an organization and a corresponding increase in revenue. As a result of this “land and expand” strategy, we have generated significant additional revenue from our customer base. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers will depend on a number of factors, including the size of our sales and professional services teams, customers’ level of satisfaction with our platform and professional services, pricing, economic conditions, and our customers’ overall spending levels. Some of our professional services personnel are customer success managers. Their role is to ensure customers realize value from our platform and support strategic partners and the “land and expand” strategy versus delivering billable hours.

•Mix of Subscriptions and Professional Services Revenue - We believe our professional services have driven customer success and facilitated the adoption of our platform by customers. During the initial period of deployment of our platform by a customer, we generally provide a greater amount of support in building applications and training than later in the deployment, with a typical engagement lasting from two to six months. At the same time, many of our customers have historically purchased subscriptions for only a limited set of their total potential end users. As a result of these factors, the proportion of total revenue for a customer associated with professional services is relatively high during the initial deployment period. Over time, as the need for professional services associated with user deployments decreases and the number of end users increases, we expect subscriptions revenue as a percentage of total revenue to increase. In addition, we continue to grow our base of strategic partners to provide broader customer coverage and solution delivery capabilities. These partners perform professional services with respect to any new service contracts they originate. As the usage of strategic partners expands, we expect the proportion of our total revenue from subscriptions to increase over time relative to professional services. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 79.9% and 75.7% of our revenue, respectively, was derived from sales of subscriptions while the remaining 20.1% and 24.3%, respectively, was derived from the sale of professional services. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 78.6% and 74.1% of our revenue, respectively, was subscriptions-based while the remaining 21.4% and 25.9%, respectively, was related to professional services.

•Investments in Growth - We have made, and plan to continue to make, investments for long-term growth, including investing in our platform and infrastructure to continuously maximize their power and speed, meet the evolving needs of our customers, and take advantage of our market opportunity. In addition, we may pursue strategic acquisitions that enhance our product offerings. We also intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing as we further expand our sales teams, increase our marketing activities, and grow our international operations.

Key Metrics

We monitor the following metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations. All dollar amounts are presented in thousands.

Cloud Subscriptions Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change
Cloud subscriptions revenue	$	94,075	$	77,247	21.8	%	$	269,106	$	221,381	21.6	%

Cloud subscriptions revenue includes cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services. Our cloud subscriptions revenue for any customer is primarily determined by the number of users who access and utilize the applications built on our platform or by the number of application licenses purchased, as well as the price paid. We believe increasing cloud subscriptions revenue is an indicator of the demand for our platform, the pace at which the market for our solutions is growing, the productivity of our sales team and strategic relationships in growing our customer base, and our ability to further penetrate our existing customer base.

Cloud Subscriptions Revenue Retention Rate


	As of September 30,
	2024		2023
Cloud subscriptions revenue retention rate	117	%	117	%

A key factor to our success is the renewal and expansion of subscription agreements with our existing customers. We calculate this metric over a set of customers who have been with us for at least one full year. To calculate our cloud subscriptions revenue retention rate for a particular trailing 12-month period, we first establish the recurring cloud subscriptions revenue for the previous trailing 12-month period. This effectively represents

recurring dollars we should expect in the current trailing 12-month period from the cohort of customers from the previous trailing 12-month period without accounting for any expansion or contraction. We subsequently measure the recurring cloud subscriptions revenue in the current trailing 12-month period from the cohort of customers from the previous trailing 12-month period. Cloud subscriptions revenue retention rate is then calculated by dividing the aggregate recurring cloud subscriptions revenue in the current trailing 12-month period by the previous trailing 12-month period. This calculation includes the combined impact on our revenue from customer non-renewals, pricing changes, and growth in the number of users on our platform. Our cloud subscriptions revenue retention rate can fluctuate from period to period due to large customer contracts in any given period.

Key Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily through sales of subscriptions to our platform as well as professional services. We typically sell our software on a per-user basis or through non-user-based single application licenses. We generally bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, we have had customers pay their entire contract value up front.

Our revenue is comprised of the following:

Subscriptions

Subscriptions revenue is primarily derived from cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and on-premises term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. Our maintenance and support agreements provide customers with the right to unspecified software upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the maintenance and support agreement on a when-and-if-available basis, and rights to technical support. On-premises term license subscriptions are offered when the customer prefers to self-manage the deployment of our platform within their own infrastructure. When our platform is delivered as a cloud subscription, we manage operational needs in third-party hosted data centers.

Professional Services

Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development, deployment assistance, and training related to our platform. Over time, we expect professional services revenue as a percentage of total revenue to decrease as the usage of our partner network expands.

Cost of Revenue

Subscriptions

Cost of subscriptions revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs, including payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, amortization of acquired technology, and allocated overhead costs. We expect cost of revenue to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as our customer base grows.

Professional Services

Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, third-party contractor costs, allocated overhead costs, and the costs of billable expenses such as travel and lodging. The unpredictability of the timing of providing services related to significant professional services agreements sold on a standalone basis may cause significant fluctuations in our cost of professional services which, in turn, may impact our quarterly financial results.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit and gross margin (defined as gross profit as a percentage of total revenue), have been, and will continue to be, affected by various factors, including the mix of cloud subscriptions and on-premises term license subscriptions, the mix of total subscriptions revenue and professional services revenue, subscription pricing, the costs associated with third-party hosting providers, and the extent to which we expand or reduce our professional services to support future changes in our growth. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period based on the above factors.

Subscriptions Gross Margin

Subscriptions gross margin is primarily affected by the growth in our subscriptions revenue as compared to the growth in, and timing of, costs to support such revenue. We expect to continue to invest in customer support and cloud operations to support growth in our business, and the timing of those investments is expected to cause subscriptions gross margin to fluctuate on a quarterly basis.

Professional Services Gross Margin

Professional services gross margin is affected by the growth in our professional services revenue as compared to the growth in, and timing of, the costs of our Customer Success organization as we continue to invest in the growth of our business, as well as by consultant utilization rates. Professional services gross margin is also impacted by the amount of services performed by subcontractors and partners as opposed to internal resources. In 2024, we expect professional services gross margin to be slightly lower than in 2023; however, the margin remains subject to fluctuation based on the factors discussed above.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel-related costs such as salaries, bonuses, commissions, payroll tax payments, and stock-based compensation expense are the most significant components of each of these expense categories. Other components of each category include professional fees for third-party services such as legal, software development resources, contractors, and cloud computing services. In addition, operating expenses include allocated overhead costs, which are primarily comprised of facility costs such as rent, employee medical benefits, employee relations expense, and certain information technology costs.

In general, our operating expenses are expected to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we invest resources in growing our various teams although at a more measured rate than prior years.

Sales and Marketing Expense

Sales and marketing expense primarily includes personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, commissions, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs related to sales teams. Additional major expenses in this category include travel and entertainment, marketing activities and promotional events, subcontracting fees, and allocated overhead costs.

In order to continue to grow our business, geographical footprint, and brand awareness, we expect to continue investing resources in sales and marketing in our principal markets and strategic growth areas. We expect sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to invest to acquire new customers and further expand usage of our platform within our existing customer base. We will continue our efforts to build on our brand reputation and increase market awareness of our platform.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel costs for our employees who develop and enhance our platform, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs. Also included are non-personnel costs such as subcontracting, consulting, professional fees to third party development resources, certain information technology expenses, and allocated overhead costs.

Our research and development efforts are focused on enhancing the capabilities, speed, and power of our software platform. In 2022, we opened a new product development center in India. Although we expect research and development expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars as such costs are critical to maintain and improve the quality of applications and our competitive position, we believe our product development center will result in cost savings over time.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, and other personnel costs for our administrative, legal, information technology, human resources, finance, and accounting teams as well as our senior executives. Additional expenses included in this category are non-personnel costs such as travel-related expenses, contracting and professional fees for such services as audits, taxation, and legal, insurance and other corporate expenses, including allocated overhead costs, and bad debt expenses. In 2024, we expect our general and administrative expense to increase in absolute dollars largely due to amortization expense associated with the judgment preservation insurance policy (as discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements), lease impairments (as discussed in Note 4), and investments in our information technology team.

Other Non-Operating Expense

Other Expense (Income), Net

Other expense (income), net consists primarily of gains and losses related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest income on our cash and cash equivalents and investments, and other sources of income or expense not related to our core business operations.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest on our debt, amortization of deferred financing fees, unused credit facility fees, and commitment fees on our letters of credit.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Subscriptions	$	123,121	$	103,803	$	353,789	$	296,554
Professional services	30,931		33,291		96,548		103,490
Total revenue	154,052		137,094		450,337		400,044
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	14,082		11,265		39,614		32,492
Professional services	23,002		24,804		74,880		76,515
Total cost of revenue	37,084		36,069		114,494		109,007
Gross profit	116,968		101,025		335,843		291,037
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	50,865		55,667		175,613		181,338
Research and development	38,572		37,135		117,789		118,502
General and administrative	34,688		23,440		108,327		82,342
Total operating expenses	124,125		116,242		401,729		382,182
Operating loss	(7,157)		(15,217)		(65,886)		(91,145)
Other non-operating (income) expense
Other (income) expense, net	(12,544)		1,939		(5,882)		(4,637)
Interest expense	6,168		4,917		17,921		12,790
Total other non-operating (income) expense	(6,376)		6,856		12,039		8,153
Loss before income taxes	(781)		(22,073)		(77,925)		(99,298)
Income tax expense	1,319		178		690		2,137
Net loss	$	(2,100)	$	(22,251)	$	(78,615)	$	(101,435)

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenue:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Subscriptions	79.9	%	75.7	%	78.6	%	74.1	%
Professional services	20.1		24.3		21.4		25.9
Total revenue	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	9.1		8.2		8.8		8.1
Professional services	14.9		18.1		16.6		19.1
Total cost of revenue	24.1		26.3		25.4		27.2
Gross profit	75.9		73.7		74.6		72.8
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	33.0		40.6		39.0		45.3
Research and development	25.0		27.1		26.2		29.6
General and administrative	22.5		17.1		24.1		20.6
Total operating expenses*	80.6		84.8		89.2		95.5
Operating loss	(4.6)		(11.1)		(14.6)		(22.8)
Other non-operating (income) expense
Other (income) expense, net	(8.1)		1.4		(1.3)		(1.2)
Interest expense	4.0		3.6		4.0		3.2
Total other non-operating expense*	(4.1)		5.0		2.7		2.0
Loss before income taxes*	(0.5)		(16.1)		(17.3)		(24.8)
Income tax expense	0.9		0.1		0.2		0.5
Net loss*	(1.4)	%	(16.2)	%	(17.5)	%	(25.4)	%

* Totals may not foot due to rounding.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Subscriptions	$	123,121	$	103,803	$	19,318	18.6	%
Professional services	30,931		33,291		(2,360)		(7.1)
Total revenue	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	16,958	12.4	%

Total revenue increased $17.0 million, or 12.4%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to an increase in our subscriptions revenue of $19.3 million. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in our professional services revenue of $2.4 million. The increase in subscriptions revenue was driven by a $16.8 million increase in cloud subscription revenue, a $1.3 million increase in maintenance and support revenue, and a $1.2 million increase in on-premises subscription revenue. With respect to new versus existing customers, there was a $5.6 million increase in subscriptions revenue from sales to new customers, while the

remaining $13.7 million of the increase was attributable to expanded deployments, price increases on renewals, and corresponding sales of additional subscriptions to existing customers. The decrease in professional services revenue was due primarily to a $8.4 million decrease in revenue from existing customers, which was partially offset by a $6.1 million increase in sales to new customers.

Cost of Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	14,082		$	11,265		$	2,817	25.0	%
Professional services	23,002			24,804			(1,802)		(7.3)
Total cost of revenue	$	37,084		$	36,069		$	1,015	2.8	%
Subscriptions gross margin	88.6		%	89.1		%
Professional services gross margin	25.6		%	25.5		%
Total gross margin	75.9		%	73.7		%

Cost of revenue increased $1.0 million, or 2.8%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in hosting costs. This increase was partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in contractor costs, a $0.3 million decrease in professional services and product support personnel costs, and a $0.1 million decrease in employee relations costs. Hosting costs increased due to an increase in sales of our cloud offering during the three months ended September 30, 2024. Contractor costs decreased due to a decrease in the usage of subcontractors for professional services engagements. Professional services and product support personnel costs decreased due to a decrease in cost of sales headcount of 9% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024 as well as a $0.2 million decrease in stock compensation expense.

Subscriptions gross margin decreased slightly to 88.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 89.1% in the same period in 2023. The decrease in subscriptions gross margin was attributable to an increase in hosting costs, which was substantially offset by an increase in subscriptions revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Professional services gross margin increased slightly to 25.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 25.5% in the same period in 2023 due largely to a decrease in professional services expense as described above, which was offset by a decrease in professional services revenue in the comparable period. Gross margin increased to 75.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 73.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven largely by the increase in subscriptions revenue.

Sales and Marketing Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	50,865		$	55,667		$	(4,802)	(8.6)	%
% of revenue	33.0		%	40.6		%

Sales and marketing expense decreased $4.8 million, or 8.6%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $5.0 million decrease in sales and marketing personnel costs. This decrease was partially offset by a $0.7 million increase in marketing costs and a $0.4 million increase travel and entertainment costs. Sales and marketing personnel costs decreased due to a decrease in sales and marketing headcount of 21% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024 and a $1.5 million decrease in stock

compensation expense. Marketing costs increased primarily due to higher spending on various marketing events and public relations. Travel and entertainment expense increased due to a higher number of in-person events and engagements relative to the prior year.

Research and Development Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	38,572		$	37,135		$	1,437	3.9	%
% of revenue	25.0		%	27.1		%

Research and development expense increased $1.4 million, or 3.9%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in research and development personnel costs, a $0.4 million increase in cloud computing expense, and a $0.3 million increase in employee medical benefits. Wages, salaries, and medical benefits were all higher due to research and development personnel headcount increasing 5% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024, while cloud computing expense increased due to increased spending on cloud migrations.

General and Administrative Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	34,688		$	23,440		$	11,248	48.0	%
% of revenue	22.5		%	17.1		%

General and administrative expense increased $11.2 million, or 48.0%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases of $7.7 million in professional fees and $1.6 million in insurance expense. These increases were partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in personnel costs. Higher professional fees were driven by an increase in legal fees incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2024 relative to the prior year along with a $5.7 million decrease in insurance reimbursements associated with our litigation against Pegasystems as a result of receiving reimbursements in the prior year compared to none in the current year. The increase in insurance expense was driven by the continued amortization of our judgment preservation insurance policy, which was entered into on September 1, 2023. Personnel costs were lower due to general and administrative personnel headcount decreasing by 6% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024.

Other Non-Operating (Income) Expense, Net


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Other (income) expense, net	$	(12,544)		$	1,939		$	(14,483)	***
% of revenue	(8.1)		%	1.4		%

*** Indicates a percentage that is not meaningful.

Other income, net was $12.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to other expense, net of $1.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023. This change was primarily due to

$9.2 million in foreign exchange gains in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $4.3 million in foreign exchange losses in the three months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, there was a $1.8 million increase in other income related to short-swing profit disgorgement payments to us from a public stockholder of our Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024. These increases were partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in interest income during the three months ended September 30, 2024 relative to the prior year.

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	6,168		$	4,917		$	1,251	25.4	%
% of revenue	4.0		%	3.6		%

Interest expense increased by $1.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the corresponding period in 2023 primarily due to interest expense incurred on additional credit facility borrowings that we entered into during the first quarter of 2024.

Income Tax Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	1,319		$	178		$	1,141	***
% of revenue	0.9		%	0.1		%

*** Indicates a percentage that is not meaningful.

Income tax expense increased by $1.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the corresponding period in 2023. This change was primarily driven by increased pre-tax book income in our certain international subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The change in pre-tax book income was primarily attributable to fluctuations in non-operating unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

Revenue


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Subscriptions	$	353,789	$	296,554	$	57,235	19.3	%
Professional services	96,548		103,490		(6,942)		(6.7)
Total revenue	$	450,337	$	400,044	$	50,293	12.6	%

Total revenue increased $50.3 million, or 12.6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to an increase in our subscriptions revenue of $57.2 million. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in our professional services revenue of $6.9 million. The increase in subscriptions revenue was driven by a $47.7 million increase in cloud subscription revenue, a $6.1 million increase in on-premises subscription

revenue, and a $3.4 million increase in maintenance and support revenue. With respect to new versus existing customers, there was a $15.0 million increase in subscriptions revenue from sales to new customers, while the remaining $42.2 million of the increase was attributable to expanded deployments, price increases on renewals, and corresponding sales of additional subscriptions to existing customers. The decrease in professional services revenue was due primarily to a $20.8 million decrease in revenue from existing customers, which was partially offset by a $13.8 million increase in sales to new customers.

Cost of Revenue


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	39,614		$	32,492		$	7,122	21.9	%
Professional services	74,880			76,515			(1,635)		(2.1)
Total cost of revenue	$	114,494		$	109,007		$	5,487	5.0	%
Subscriptions gross margin	88.8		%	89.0		%
Professional services gross margin	22.4		%	26.1		%
Total gross margin	74.6		%	72.8		%

Cost of revenue increased $5.5 million, or 5.0%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $6.3 million increase in hosting costs and a $1.4 million increase in professional services and product support personnel costs. These increases were partially offset by a $1.7 million decrease in contractor costs and a $0.2 million decrease in travel expense. Hosting costs increased due to an increase in sales of our cloud offering during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Although cost of sales headcount fell 9% year over year, personnel costs increased due to a $1.2 million increase in severance expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Contractor costs decreased due to a decrease in the usage of subcontractors for professional services engagements.

Subscriptions gross margin decreased slightly to 88.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 89.0% in the same period in 2023. The decrease in subscriptions gross margin was attributable to increased hosting costs, which were substantially offset by an increase in subscriptions revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Professional services gross margin decreased to 22.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 26.1% in the same period in 2023 due largely to a decrease in professional services revenue in the comparable periods, partially offset by a decrease in professional services expenses. Gross margin increased to 74.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 72.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, driven largely by the increase in subscriptions revenue.

Sales and Marketing Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	175,613		$	181,338		$	(5,725)	(3.2)	%
% of revenue	39.0		%	45.3		%

Sales and marketing expense decreased $5.7 million, or 3.2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $10.9 million decrease in sales and marketing personnel costs. This decrease was partially offset by a $4.3 million increase in marketing costs and a $1.4 million increase in

travel expenses. Sales and marketing personnel costs declined due to a decrease in sales and marketing headcount of 21% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024 in addition due to a $2.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense and a $0.8 million decrease in severance costs. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in commissions expense. Marketing costs increased primarily due to spending on our annual Appian World conference and internal sales and marketing events as well as increased spending on public relations, advertising, and lead generation. Travel and entertainment expense increased due to a higher number of in-person events and engagements relative to the prior year.

Research and Development Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	117,789		$	118,502		$	(713)	(0.6)	%
% of revenue	26.2		%	29.6		%

Research and development expense decreased $0.7 million, or 0.6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $3.6 million decrease in research and development personnel costs and a $0.2 million decrease in professional fees. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.2 million increase in employee medical benefits, a $1.1 million increase in cloud computing expense, and a $0.7 million increase in rent expense. Although research and development personnel headcount increased 5% from September 30, 2023 to September 30, 2024, overall personnel costs decreased partially due to lower bonus expense, a $1.0 million decrease in severance expense, a $0.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, and additional realized cost savings from our product development center in India. Professional fees decreased due to a decline in consulting fees from lower usage of external resources to assist in our platform development efforts in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 relative to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

General and Administrative Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	108,327		$	82,342		$	25,985	31.6	%
% of revenue	24.1		%	20.6		%

General and administrative expense increased $26.0 million, or 31.6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase of $11.2 million in amortization expense related to our judgment preservation insurance policy. In addition, professional fees increased $7.2 million due to higher legal fees incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 relative to the prior year and a $5.7 million decrease in insurance reimbursements associated with our litigation against Pegasystems as a result of receiving reimbursements in the prior year compared to none in the current year. Rent expense also increased $6.3 million, primarily driven by $5.5 million of lease impairment charges recognized during the second quarter of 2024.

Other Non-Operating Income, Net


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Other income, net	$	(5,882)		$	(4,637)		$	(1,245)	26.8	%
% of revenue	(1.3)		%	(1.2)		%

Other income, net was $5.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to other income, net of $4.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This change was attributed to a $1.8 million increase in other income related to short-swing profit disgorgement payments to us from a public stockholder of our Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. In addition, in the first quarter of 2024, we received a $1.4 million payment from a state government related to the achievement of certain capital investment goals. These increases were partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in interest income in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 relative to the prior year stemming from decreased investments.

Interest Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	17,921		$	12,790		$	5,131	40.1	%
% of revenue	4.0		%	3.2		%

Interest expense increased by $5.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the corresponding period in 2023 primarily due to interest expense incurred on additional credit facility borrowings that we entered into during the first quarter of 2024 and the latter half of 2023.

Income Tax Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	690		$	2,137		$	(1,447)	(67.7)	%
% of revenue	0.2		%	0.5		%

Income tax expense decreased by $1.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the corresponding period in 2023 primarily due to lower pre-tax book income at our foreign subsidiaries as well as a discrete benefit recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The discrete benefit was primarily related to net operating loss adjustments at one of our foreign subsidiaries.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we provide investors with certain non-GAAP financial performance measures. We use these non-GAAP financial performance measures for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain expenses that may not be indicative of

our recurring core business operating results. We believe both management and investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, and analyzing future periods. These non-GAAP financial measures also facilitate management’s internal comparisons to historical performance as well as comparisons to competitors’ operating results. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors both because (1) they allow for greater transparency with respect to measures used by management in its financial and operational decision-making and (2) they are used by institutional investors and the analyst community to help them analyze the health of our business.

Our non-GAAP financial performance measures include the following: non-GAAP subscriptions cost of revenue, non-GAAP professional services costs of revenue, non-GAAP total cost of revenue, non-GAAP total operating expense, non-GAAP operating loss, non-GAAP income tax expense, non-GAAP net income (loss), and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted. These non-GAAP financial performance measures exclude the effect of stock-based compensation expense, certain non-ordinary litigation-related expenses consisting of legal and other professional fees associated with the Pegasystems cases (net of insurance reimbursements), or Litigation Expense, amortization of the judgment preservation insurance policy, or JPI Amortization, severance costs related to an involuntary reduction in our workforce, or Severance Costs, lease impairment and lease-related charges associated with actions taken to reduce the footprint of our leased office spaces, or Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges, and a short-swing profit disgorgement paid to us by an investor, or Short-Swing Profit Payment. While some of these items may be recurring in nature and should not be disregarded in the evaluation of our earnings performance, it is useful to exclude such items when analyzing current results and trends compared to other periods as these items can vary significantly from period to period depending on specific underlying transactions or events that may occur. Therefore, while we may incur or recognize these types of expenses in the future, we believe removing these items for purposes of calculating our non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with a more focused presentation of our ongoing operating performance.

We also discuss adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial performance measure we believe offers a useful view of the overall operation of our business. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss before (1) other expense (income), net, (2) interest expense, (3) income tax expense, (4) depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets, (5) stock-based compensation expense, (6) Litigation Expense, (7) JPI Amortization, (8) Severance Costs, and (9) Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to adjusted EBITDA is net loss. Users should consider the limitations of using adjusted EBITDA, including the fact that this measure does not provide a complete measure of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to purport to be an alternative to net loss as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity.

The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, and our non-GAAP measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies.

The following tables reconcile our non-GAAP measures to their nearest comparable GAAP measures (in thousands, except per share data):


	GAAP Measure		Stock-Based Compensation		Litigation Expense		JPI Amortization		Severance Costs		Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges		Short-Swing Profit Payment		Non-GAAP Measure
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Subscriptions cost of revenue	$	14,082	$	(211)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13,871
Professional services cost of revenue	23,002		(1,325)		—		—		—		—		—		21,677
Total cost of revenue	37,084		(1,536)		—		—		—		—		—		35,548
Total operating expense	124,125		(7,969)		(1,979)		(3,635)		—		(324)		—		110,218
Operating (loss) income	(7,157)		9,505		1,979		3,635		—		324		—		8,286
Income tax expense	1,319		117		—		—		—		—		—		1,436
Net (loss) income	(2,100)		9,388		1,979		3,635		—		324		(1,799)		11,427
Net (loss) income per share, basic	$	(0.03)	$	0.13	$	0.03	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	(0.02)	$	0.16
Net (loss) income per share, diluted(a,b)	$	(0.03)	$	0.13	$	0.03	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	(0.02)	$	0.15

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Subscriptions cost of revenue	$	39,614	$	(641)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	38,973
Professional services cost of revenue	74,880		(4,364)		—		—		(1,398)		—		—		69,118
Total cost of revenue	114,494		(5,005)		—		—		(1,398)		—		—		108,091
Total operating expense	401,729		(25,006)		(3,442)		(12,643)		(4,136)		(5,786)		—		350,716
Operating (loss) income	(65,886)		30,011		3,442		12,643		5,534		5,786		—		(8,470)
Income tax expense	690		1,258		—		—		1,096		—		—		3,044
Net (loss) income	(78,615)		28,753		3,442		12,643		4,438		5,786		(1,799)		(25,352)
Net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted (b)	$	(1.08)	$	0.40	$	0.05	$	0.17	$	0.06	$	0.08	$	(0.02)	$	(0.35)

(a) Accounts for the impact of 1.8 million shares of dilutive securities.

(b) Per share amounts do not foot due to rounding.


	GAAP Measure		Stock-Based Compensation		Litigation Expense		JPI Amortization		Severance Costs		Non-GAAP Measure
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Subscriptions cost of revenue	$	11,265	$	(211)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,054
Professional services cost of revenue	24,804		(1,535)		—		—		—		23,269
Total cost of revenue	36,069		(1,746)		—		—		—		34,323
Total operating expense	116,242		(9,265)		4,961		(1,485)		—		110,453
Operating (loss) income	(15,217)		11,011		(4,961)		1,485		—		(7,682)
Income tax expense	178		88		—		—		—		266
Net (loss) income	(22,251)		11,099		(4,961)		1,485		—		(14,628)
Net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.30)	$	0.15	$	(0.07)	$	0.02	$	—	$	(0.20)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Subscriptions cost of revenue	$	32,492	$	(713)	$	—	$	—	$	(30)	$	31,749
Professional services cost of revenue	76,515		(4,598)		—		—		(158)		71,759
Total cost of revenue	109,007		(5,311)		—		—		(188)		103,508
Total operating expense	382,182		(27,904)		2,772		(1,485)		(6,111)		349,454
Operating (loss) income	(91,145)		33,215		(2,772)		1,485		6,299		(52,918)
Income tax expense	2,137		731		—		—		139		3,007
Net (loss) income	(101,435)		33,946		(2,772)		1,485		6,438		(62,338)
Net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted(a)	$	(1.39)	$	0.46	$	(0.04)	$	0.02	$	0.09	$	(0.86)

(a) Per share amounts do not foot due to rounding.

The following table reconciles GAAP net loss to adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
GAAP net loss	$	(2,100)	$	(22,251)	$	(78,615)	$	(101,435)
Other (income) expense, net	(12,544)		1,939		(5,882)		(4,637)
Interest expense	6,168		4,917		17,921		12,790
Income tax expense	1,319		178		690		2,137
Depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets	2,562		2,340		7,503		7,046
Stock-based compensation expense	9,505		11,011		30,011		33,215
Litigation Expense	1,979		(4,961)		3,442		(2,772)
JPI Amortization	3,635		1,485		12,643		1,485
Severance Costs	—		—		5,534		6,299
Lease Impairment and Lease-Related Charges	324		—		5,786		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	10,848	$	(5,342)	$	(967)	$	(45,872)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents selected financial information and statistics pertaining to liquidity and capital resources as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351
Short-term investments and marketable securities	40,798		9,653
Property and equipment, net	39,190		42,682

Working capital*	61,998		43,183

* Defined as current assets net of current liabilities.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and marketable securities, together with any positive cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our line of credit, will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We have in the past, and may in the future enter into, investments in or acquisitions of complementary businesses, products, or technologies, which could also require us to seek additional equity financing, incur indebtedness, or use cash resources. We have no present binding agreements or commitments to enter into any such acquisitions. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Sources of Funds

We have historically financed our operations in large part with equity financing arrangements. Our last public offering was completed in June 2020. Through these public offerings, we received net proceeds of $344.8 million.

To further help strengthen our financial position and support our growth initiatives, in November 2022 we entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement, or the Credit Agreement, which provides for a five-year term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million and, in addition, up to $100.0 million for a revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $20.0 million and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability amount of $10.0 million (as a sublimit of the revolving loan facility).

The Credit Agreement matures on November 3, 2027. We have been using the proceeds to fund the growth of our business and support our working capital requirements. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants, had used borrowing capacity of $62.0 million under our $100.0 million revolving credit facility, and had outstanding letters of credit totaling $14.7 million in connection with securing our leased office space.

We expect future sources of funds to consist primarily of cash generated from sales of subscriptions and the related professional services. We may also elect to raise additional sources of funding through entering into new debt financing arrangements or conducting additional public offerings. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, particularly internationally, the introduction of new and enhanced products and functions as well as platform enhancements and professional services offerings, and the level of market acceptance of our product.

Uses of Funds

Our current principal uses of cash are funding operations and other working capital requirements. Historically, we have also utilized cash to pay for the acquisition of businesses that were complementary to ours, and we may pursue similar opportunities in the future. Over the past several years, revenue has increased significantly from year to year and, as a result, cash flows from customer collections have also grown. However, as we continue to invest in growing our business, operating expenses have also increased.

In 2023, we entered into a Judgment Preservation Insurance policy in connection with our $2.036 billion judgment against Pegasystems. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for additional details. The total cost of the policy was $57.3 million, which we paid with operating cash on hand. In addition, in February 2024 our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, under which we repurchased approximately 1.3 million shares of our common stock for approximately 50.0 million during the first quarter of 2024.

Outside of the above items and cash used by operations, other uses of cash in 2024 to date have included capital expenditures related to the expansion of the new leased facility for our research development center in India and principal repayments of our term loan debt.

Furthermore, we have a non-cancellable cloud hosting arrangement with Amazon Web Services that contains provisions for minimum purchase commitments. Specifically, purchase commitments under the agreement total $131.0 million over five years. The agreement, which started in July 2021 and is now in its fourth year as of September 30, 2024, contains minimum spending requirements of $28.0 million in both the fourth and fifth years. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, totaled $10.8 million and $31.8 million, respectively. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, totaled $9.3 million and $27.8 million, respectively. The timing of payments under the agreement may vary, and the total amount of payments may exceed the minimum depending on the volume of services utilized.

Historical Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	149,351	$	150,381	$	(1,030)	(0.7)	%
Operating activities:
Net loss	(78,615)		(101,435)		22,820		(22.5)
Stock-based compensation and other non-cash adjustments	45,648		40,485		5,163		12.8
Changes in working capital	25,974		(41,248)		67,222		***
Net cash used by operating activities	(6,993)		(102,198)		95,205		(93.2)

Investing activities:
Net cash (used by) provided by investing activities	(34,294)		869		(35,163)		***

Financing activities:
Net cash (used by) provided by financing activities	(8,496)		82,388		(90,884)		***

Effect of exchange rates	(375)		(679)		304		(44.8)
Net change	(50,158)		(19,620)		(30,538)		***
Ending cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	130,761	$	(31,568)	(24.1)%

*** Indicates a percentage that is not meaningful.

Operating Activities

Net cash used by operating activities was $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $102.2 million used by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net cash used by operating activities was primarily due to the prior year payment of $57.3 million for our JPI policy. In addition, the decrease in cash used by operating activities was attributed to stronger cash collections from accounts receivable as a result of increased revenues as well as headcount reductions and other cost management activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $34.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $0.9 million in net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This change was primarily driven by a decline of $51.0 million in proceeds from the sale of investments, which was partially offset by a $10.8 million decrease in purchases of investments and a $5.0 million decrease in capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $82.4 million of net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to a $50.0 million increase in common stock repurchases, a $42.0 million decrease in proceeds from borrowings, and a $1.1 million increase in debt repayments, all of which were partially offset by a $2.4 million decrease in payments for employee taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024. We are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require us to update our estimates, assumptions, and judgments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of $99.2 million as of September 30, 2024, which consisted of investments in money market funds, cash in readily available checking accounts, and overnight repurchase investments.

As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding principal debt of $252.8 million, which carries interest as defined in our Credit Agreement. Refer to Note 8 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details. We assessed our exposure to changes in interest rates by analyzing sensitivity to our operating results, assuming various changes in market interest rates. A hypothetical increase of one percentage point in the interest rate as of September 30, 2024 would increase our interest expense by approximately $2.5 million annually.

Inflation Risk

We are exposed to market risks related to inflation in personnel costs, third-party service providers, subcontracting costs, professional fees, and general overhead expenses. Although inflation has decreased from the relative highs experienced in 2022, if inflation pressure increases in severity, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases and productivity initiatives. While we do not believe inflation has had a material impact on our results of operations to date, a continued high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain operating costs and adversely affect our gross profit margin.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Due to our international operations, we have foreign currency risks related to revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the British pound sterling, Euro, Australian dollar, and Swiss franc. Our sales contracts are primarily denominated in the local currency of the customer making the purchase. In addition, portions of operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and are denominated in foreign currencies. An increase in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies will negatively affect revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. Based on a sensitivity analysis, a 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 would have impacted our total revenue by approximately 4% and operating loss by approximately 6%. This calculation assumes all currencies change in the same direction and proportion relative to the U.S. dollar.

We have experienced, and will continue to experience, fluctuations in net loss as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring certain current asset and current liability balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. We have not engaged in the hedging of foreign currency transactions to date, although we may choose to do so in the future.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits

under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 12 – Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters of the notes to the consolidated financial statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.

Other Matters

From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to risks and events that, if they occur, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the trading price of our securities. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, investors should carefully consider the factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024. There have been no material changes from the risk factors described in that report.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

a.Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

Not applicable.

b.Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

c.Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Employee Stock Purchase Plan


	Total number of shares purchased(1)	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plan	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan(2)
July 1 to July 31, 2024	6,889	$	31.01	6,889	815,829
August 1 to August 31, 2024	6,850	$	29.05	6,850	808,979
September 1 to September 30, 2024	6,121	$	31.43	6,121	802,858
Total	19,860	$	30.46	19,860	802,858

(1) Shares purchased represent shares purchased on the open market pursuant to the Appian Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 11, 2021. The ESPP provides employees with an opportunity to purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions and provides for a Company match of 5% to 15%, subject to limits set forth in the ESPP. Shares purchased under the ESPP are deposited into the participants’ accounts.

(2) Because the number of shares that may be purchased under the ESPP depends on each employee’s voluntary election to participate, their contribution elections, and the fair market value of our Class A Common Stock at various future dates, the actual number of shares that may be purchased under the plan cannot be determined in advance. We have filed a registration statement on S-8 that covers 1,000,000 shares.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

The information set forth below is included herein for purposes of providing disclosures under Item 5.02 (c) and (d) of Form 8-K.

Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

On November 5, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors designated Mark Lynch as the Company’s Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, effective as of November 8, 2024. Information responsive to the requirements of Form 8-K, Item 5.02 (c) and (e) with respect to Mr. Lynch has been previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2024, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Also on November 5, 2024, the Board of Directors appointed Michael Beckley to the Board, effective as of November 5, 2024 to serve until our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2025. Mr. Beckley is a co-founder of the Company and has served as Chief Technology Officer since 2007. Mr. Beckley holds a B.A. in Government from Dartmouth College. The Board has determined Mr. Beckley is not “independent” in accordance with our corporate governance guidelines and applicable requirements of The Nasdaq Stock Market and the Securities and Exchange Commission since he is an employee of the Company. Mr. Beckley is not a party to any transaction involving us required to be disclosed under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, other than the standard employment agreement available to all employees. There is no family relationship between Mr. Beckley and any of our other directors or executive officers and no arrangements or understandings between him and any other person pursuant to which he was selected as a director. Mr. Beckley will not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director in accordance with our non-employee director compensation policy.

Item 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.

Description

Reference

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Appian Corporation.

Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217510), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Appian Corporation.

Previously filed as Exhibit 3.4 to Amendment No.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217510), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

4.1

Form of Class A common stock certificate of Appian Corporation.

Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.333-217510), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

10.1

Letter of Engagement dated October 10, 2024 by and between Appian Corporation and Mark Lynch.+

Filed herewith.

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Attached.

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Attached.

32.1*

Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Attached.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

Attached.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Attached.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Attached.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Attached.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Attached.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Attached.

104

Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

Attached.

* The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent the company specifically incorporates it by reference.

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

APPIAN CORPORATION

November 7, 2024

By:

/s/ Matthew Calkins

/s/ Mark Matheos

Name: Matthew Calkins

Name: Mark Matheos

Title: Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer)

Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 10.1

October 10, 2024

Mark Lynch

Letter of Engagement as Interim CFO

Dear Mark:

Per our discussions, I am offering you employment as the Interim Chief Financial Officer (“Interim CFO”) of Appian, reporting to me, with a start date of November 4, 2024. This position is considered an exempt level position for the purposes of federal wage-hour law, and you will be paid on a semi-monthly basis in accordance with Appian’s normal payroll procedure. The proposed compensation for your tenure as Interim CFO, subject to all necessary approvals by the Board of Directors, is as follows:

First, you will receive a base salary paid at a rate of $1,000,000 per year, subject to all tax and other required withholdings.

Second, a bonus for your decision to come out of retirement to serve as our Interim CFO, to be comprised of two parts: (a) a monthly bonus of $125,000 in each of the first six months of your employment as Interim CFO; and (b) a grant of Restricted Stock Units with a value of $250,000 vesting on May 5, 2025. The actual number of stock units granted annually will be calculated and granted based on the closing stock price at the close of business on November 5, 2024, the date of the next scheduled Appian Board of Directors meeting. Should Appian successfully hire a new Chief Financial Officer who begins working in that position prior to May 5, 2025, and Appian therefore releases you from service as Interim CFO, Appian will pay you any remaining monthly bonuses set forth in part (a) above with your final paycheck from Appian.

Third, if your employment as Interim CFO lasts for more than 6 months, beginning in May 2025, your monthly cash bonuses will increase to $166,666.67 per month.

Your service as Interim CFO shall not interrupt your continued services as a Director of the Appian Board of Directors. You shall continue to be bound by all agreements related to your services as a Director, and continue to be bound by all policies applicable to an Appian Director.

Upon commencing your employment, you will be required to sign the Appian Employment Agreement. We note that your employment as Interim CFO will be at-will, meaning either you or Appian may terminate the employment relationship at any time, with or without cause. In accepting this offer of employment, you acknowledge that you have not relied on any statement made by Appian or any of its employees or representatives with regard to the terms of your employment unless such representation is specifically included in this written offer.

Sincerely,

/s/ Matthew Calkins

Matthew Calkins

CEO and Founder

Accepted

/s/ Mark Lynch

Mark Lynch

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Matthew Calkins, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 of Appian Corporation (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 7, 2024			/s/ Matthew Calkins
			Matthew Calkins
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mark Matheos, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 of Appian Corporation (the “registrant”);

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 7, 2024			/s/ Mark Matheos
			Mark Matheos
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Matthew Calkins, Chief Executive Officer of Appian Corporation (the “Company”), and Mark Matheos, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1.The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2.The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 7th day of November, 2024.


/s/ Matthew Calkins						/s/ Mark Matheos
Matthew Calkins						Mark Matheos
Chief Executive Officer						Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)						(Principal Financial Officer)

•This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 04, 2024
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38098
Entity Registrant Name	APPIAN CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1956084
Entity Address, Address Line One	7950 Jones Branch Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	McLean
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22102
City Area Code	(703)
Local Phone Number	442-8844
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock
Trading Symbol	APPN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001441683
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Class A Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		42,692,076
Class B Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		31,195,210

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 99,193	$ 149,351
Short-term investments and marketable securities	40,798	9,653
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,850 and $2,606, respectively	140,213	171,561
Deferred commissions, current	34,785	34,261
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	45,483	49,529
Total current assets	360,472	414,355
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $30,329 and $25,141, respectively	39,190	42,682
Goodwill	27,462	27,106
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $5,356 and $4,152, respectively	2,790	3,889
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	32,231	39,975
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	54,576	59,764
Deferred tax assets	4,827	3,453
Other assets	28,365	36,279
Total assets	549,913	627,503
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	6,928	6,174
Accrued expenses	11,310	11,046
Accrued compensation and related benefits	31,171	38,003
Deferred revenue	224,199	235,992
Debt	9,598	66,368
Operating lease liabilities	12,470	11,698
Other current liabilities	2,798	1,891
Total current liabilities	298,474	371,172
Long-term debt	243,225	140,221
Non-current operating lease liabilities	54,270	59,067
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370	4,700
Deferred tax liabilities	0	2
Other non-current liabilities	375	0
Total liabilities	599,714	575,162
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity
Additional paid-in capital	614,204	595,781
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(22,809)	(23,555)
Accumulated deficit	(598,507)	(519,892)
Treasury stock at cost, 1,127,138 shares as of September 30, 2024	(42,696)	0
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(49,801)	52,341
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity	549,913	627,503
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity
Common stock	4	4
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 2,850	$ 2,606
Accumulated depreciation	30,329	25,141
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 5,356	$ 4,152
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	1,127,138
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	42,361,024	42,169,970
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	31,195,739	31,196,796

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 154,052	$ 137,094	$ 450,337	$ 400,044
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	37,084	36,069	114,494	109,007
Gross profit	116,968	101,025	335,843	291,037
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	50,865	55,667	175,613	181,338
Research and development	38,572	37,135	117,789	118,502
General and administrative	34,688	23,440	108,327	82,342
Total operating expenses	124,125	116,242	401,729	382,182
Operating loss	(7,157)	(15,217)	(65,886)	(91,145)
Other non-operating (income) expense
Other (income) expense, net	(12,544)	1,939	(5,882)	(4,637)
Interest expense	6,168	4,917	17,921	12,790
Total other non-operating (income) expense	(6,376)	6,856	12,039	8,153
Loss before income taxes	(781)	(22,073)	(77,925)	(99,298)
Income tax expense	1,319	178	690	2,137
Net loss	$ (2,100)	$ (22,251)	$ (78,615)	$ (101,435)
Net loss per share:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.30)	$ (1.08)	$ (1.39)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.30)	$ (1.08)	$ (1.39)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	72,396	73,178	72,664	73,032
Diluted (in shares)	72,396	73,178	72,664	73,032
Subscriptions
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 123,121	$ 103,803	$ 353,789	$ 296,554
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	14,082	11,265	39,614	32,492
Professional services
Revenue
Total revenue	30,931	33,291	96,548	103,490
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	$ 23,002	$ 24,804	$ 74,880	$ 76,515

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (2,100)	$ (22,251)	$ (78,615)	$ (101,435)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(11,139)	1,060	607	(2,813)
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities	142	9	139	10
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$ (13,097)	$ (21,182)	$ (77,869)	$ (104,238)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit	Treasury Stock
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		72,817,887
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 145,700	$ 7	$ 561,390	$ (7,246)	$ (408,451)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(36,829)				(36,829)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		6,713
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		111,296
Vesting of restricted stock units	(2,959)		(2,959)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		19,483
Exercise of stock options	131		131
Stock-based compensation expense	11,056		11,056
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(700)			(700)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		72,955,379
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	116,399	$ 7	569,618	(7,946)	(445,280)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		72,817,887
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	145,700	$ 7	561,390	(7,246)	(408,451)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(101,435)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		73,224,030
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	68,101	$ 7	588,029	(10,049)	(509,886)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		72,955,379
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	116,399	$ 7	569,618	(7,946)	(445,280)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(42,355)				(42,355)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		4,928
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		99,836
Vesting of restricted stock units	(1,816)		(1,816)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		53,190
Exercise of stock options	428		428
Stock-based compensation expense	11,148		11,148
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,172)			(3,172)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		73,113,333
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	80,632	$ 7	579,378	(11,118)	(487,635)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(22,251)				(22,251)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		3,936
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		92,722
Vesting of restricted stock units	(2,465)		(2,465)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		14,039
Exercise of stock options	105		105
Stock-based compensation expense	11,011		11,011
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,069			1,069
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		73,224,030
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	68,101	$ 7	588,029	(10,049)	(509,886)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		73,366,766
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	52,341	$ 7	595,781	(23,555)	(519,892)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(32,923)				(32,923)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		4,974
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		141,563
Vesting of restricted stock units	(2,862)		(2,862)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		43,460
Exercise of stock options	345		345
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		(1,320,531)
Repurchase of common stock	(50,019)					(50,019)
Stock-based compensation expense	10,606		10,606
Other comprehensive income (loss)	12,847			12,847
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		72,236,232
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	(9,665)	$ 7	603,870	(10,708)	(552,815)	(50,019)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		73,366,766
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	52,341	$ 7	595,781	(23,555)	(519,892)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	$ (78,615)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	72,400,000	72,429,625
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ (49,801)	$ 7	614,204	(22,809)	(598,507)	(42,696)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		72,236,232
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024	(9,665)	$ 7	603,870	(10,708)	(552,815)	(50,019)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(43,592)				(43,592)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		4,692
Issuance of common stock to directors	0		(178)			178
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		77,116
Vesting of restricted stock units	(1,360)		(4,279)			2,919
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		25,037
Exercise of stock options	163		(785)			948
Stock-based compensation expense	9,900		9,900
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,104)			(1,104)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		72,343,077
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024	(45,658)	$ 7	608,528	(11,812)	(596,407)	(45,974)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(2,100)				(2,100)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		5,060
Issuance of common stock to directors	0		(192)			192
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		69,362
Vesting of restricted stock units	(662)		(3,289)			2,627
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		12,126
Exercise of stock options	111		(348)			459
Stock-based compensation expense	9,505		9,505
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (10,997)			(10,997)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	72,400,000	72,429,625
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ (49,801)	$ 7	$ 614,204	$ (22,809)	$ (598,507)	$ (42,696)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (78,615)	$ (101,435)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities
Stock-based compensation	30,011	33,215
Depreciation expense and amortization of intangible assets	7,503	7,046
Lease impairment charges	5,462	0
Bad debt expense	619	690
Amortization of debt issuance costs	439	342
Benefit for deferred income taxes	(1,281)	(808)
Foreign currency transaction losses, net	2,895	0
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	30,859	30,665
Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,279	(61,555)
Deferred commissions	4,665	(56)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,495	(657)
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(6,975)	(6,671)
Other current and non-current liabilities	535	(2,026)
Deferred revenue	(15,096)	(3,186)
Operating lease assets and liabilities	(1,788)	2,238
Net cash used by operating activities	(6,993)	(102,198)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of investments	11,631	62,590
Payments for investments	(42,638)	(53,443)
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,287)	(8,278)
Net cash (used by) provided by investing activities	(34,294)	869
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings	50,000	92,000
Payments for debt issuance costs	(463)	(411)
Debt repayments	(3,750)	(2,625)
Repurchase of common stock	(50,019)	0
Payments for employee taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards	(4,883)	(7,240)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	619	664
Net cash (used by) provided by financing activities	(8,496)	82,388
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(375)	(679)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(50,158)	(19,620)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	149,351	150,381
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	99,193	130,761
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	17,193	11,960
Cash paid for income taxes	1,925	2,944
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued capital expenditures	$ 109	$ 27

Organization and Description of Business	9 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	1. Organization and Description of Business Appian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) is a software company that orchestrates business processes. The Appian Platform empowers leaders to design, automate, and optimize important processes from start to finish. With our industry-leading platform and commitment to customer success, Appian is trusted by top organizations to drive transformational process change. We are headquartered in McLean, Virginia and operate both in the United States and internationally, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Policies

2. Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Use of Estimates

Revenue Recognition

Refer to Note 3 for a detailed discussion on specific revenue recognition principles related to our major revenue streams.

Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	148,132
Restricted cash, current	—		—		—		2,249

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	150,381

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Deferred Commissions

Property and Equipment

Severance Costs

Severance costs related to prior actions totaled $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. No severance costs were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Treasury Stock

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

We have not adopted any new accounting guidance in 2024 that has had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Not Yet Adopted

Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

3. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The following table summarizes revenue recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cloud subscriptions	$	94,075	$	77,247	$	269,106	$	221,381
Term license subscriptions	21,265		20,026		62,263		56,176
Maintenance and support	7,781		6,530		22,420		18,997
Total subscriptions	123,121		103,803		353,789		296,554
Professional services	30,931		33,291		96,548		103,490
Total revenue	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition

Subscriptions Revenue

Cloud Subscriptions

Term License Subscriptions

Maintenance and Support

Professional Services Revenue

Consulting Services

Training Services

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Determining the Transaction Price

Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices (“SSP”)

Contract Balances

The following table sets forth our contract asset and contract liability balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current*	$	10,292	$	12,052	$	10,932	$	12,540
Contract assets, non-current*	733		915		1,178		1,720
Total contract assets	$	11,025	$	12,967	$	12,110	$	14,260

Deferred revenue, current	$	224,199	$	235,992	$	194,602	$	194,768
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370		4,700		3,243		5,556
Total contract liabilities	$	227,569	$	240,692	$	197,845	$	200,324

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

4. Leases

Lease Costs

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, exclusive of sublease income):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	2,356	$	2,359	$	7,177	$	6,650
Short-term lease cost	481		350		1,246		1,138
Variable lease cost	1,324		1,311		3,972		3,296
Total	$	4,161	$	4,020	$	12,395	$	11,084

Lease Impairment Charges

Supplemental Lease Information


	As of
	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	$	32,231		$	39,975

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	12,470		$	11,698
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	54,270			59,067
Total operating lease liabilities	$	66,740		$	70,765

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	6.7			7.4

Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.4		%

Supplemental cash flow and expense information related to operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is shown below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	3,190	$	2,223	$	8,963	$	6,374

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	777		693		2,375		1,936
Interest expense on operating lease liabilities	1,579		1,667		4,803		4,714

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2024 is shown below (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	3,237
2025	13,065
2026	13,386
2027	13,629
2028	12,473

Thereafter	34,839
Total lease payments	90,629
Less: imputed interest	(23,889)
Total	$	66,740

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table details the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	Carrying Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	26,349

Foreign currency translation adjustments	757
Balance as of December 31, 2023	27,106

Foreign currency translation adjustments	356
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	27,462

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Developed technology	$	7,184	$	7,091
Customer relationships	962		950

Intangible assets, gross	8,146		8,041
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,356)		(4,152)
Intangible assets, net	$	2,790	$	3,889

The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Projected Amortization
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	383
2025	1,220
2026	785
2027	96
2028	96

Thereafter	210
Total projected amortization expense	$	2,790

Property and Equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

6. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	54,660	$	53,313
Office furniture and fixtures	4,484		3,825
Computer software and hardware	9,424		10,491
Internally developed software	758		—
Equipment	193		194
Property and equipment, gross	69,519		67,823
Less: accumulated depreciation	(30,329)		(25,141)
Property and equipment, net	$	39,190	$	42,682

Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Hosting costs	$	3,029	$	2,973
Legal costs	490		103
Marketing and tradeshow expenses	918		685
Third party license fees	888		678
Contract labor costs	1,045		600
Reimbursable employee expenses	1,264		880
Taxes payable	291		1,261
Audit and tax expenses	1,660		1,499
Capital expenditures	109		644
Other accrued expenses	1,616		1,723
Total	$	11,310	$	11,046

Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

8. Debt

Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement

The following table summarizes outstanding debt balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	$	62,000	$	62,000
Secured term loan facility	192,062		145,813
Less: Debt issuance costs (1)	(1,239)		(1,224)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	252,823	$	206,589

Debt, current	$	9,598	$	66,368
Long-term debt	243,225		140,221
Total debt	$	252,823	$	206,589

(1) Deferred debt issuance costs associated with the term loan facility are recorded net of the debt obligation and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	9. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items, discrete events, or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 35%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the actual effective tax rates were (168.9)% and (0.9)%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the actual effective tax rates were (0.8)% and (2.2)%, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $6.5 million, which if recognized would result in no net effect on the effective tax rate due to a valuation allowance. The amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations or settlements of tax audits is not material to our consolidated financial statements. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to our net operating loss carryforwards, the tax years 2016 through 2023 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. There are no open examinations that would have a meaningful impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

10. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	211	$	211	$	641	$	713
Professional services	1,325		1,535		4,364		4,598
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	1,746		3,245		6,270		8,462
Research and development	2,939		2,930		8,859		9,466
General and administrative	3,284		3,090		9,877		9,976
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	9,505	$	11,011	$	30,011	$	33,215

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

11. Basic and Diluted Loss per Share


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Stock options	2,518,342	2,611,247
Non-vested restricted stock units	1,216,499	1,133,039

Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters	9 Months Ended
Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters	12. Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters Minimum Purchase Commitments We have a non-cancellable cloud hosting arrangement with Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) that contains provisions for minimum purchase commitments. Specifically, purchase commitments under the agreement total $131.0 million over five years. The agreement, which started July 2021 and is now in its fourth year as of September 30, 2024, contains minimum spending requirements of $28.0 million in both the fourth and fifth years. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $10.8 million and $31.8 million, respectively. Spending under this agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $9.3 million and $27.8 million, respectively. The timing of payments under the agreement may vary. Exclusive of the AWS contract, we have other non-cancellable agreements for subscription software products that contain provisions stipulating minimum purchase commitments. However, the annual purchase commitments under these contracts are, individually and in the aggregate, immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. Pegasystems Litigation On May 29, 2020, we filed a civil complaint against Pegasystems, Inc. (“Pegasystems”) and Youyong Zou, a Virginia resident, in the Circuit Court for Fairfax County, Virginia. Appian Corp v. Pegasystems Inc. & Youyong Zou, No. 2020-07216 (Fairfax Cty. Ct.). On May 10, 2022, we announced the jury awarded us $2.036 billion in damages for misappropriation of our trade secrets and $1 in damages for violating the Virginia Computer Crimes Act. Pegasystems filed several post-trial motions seeking relief in the form of reducing the damages award or setting aside the jury’s verdict and either granting a new trial or entering judgment in Pegasystems’ favor. All of these motions were denied, and final judgment was entered by the Court on September 15, 2022. The final judgment reaffirmed the $2.036 billion in damages and also ordered Pegasystems to pay Appian $23.6 million in attorney's fees associated with the case as well as statutory post-judgment interest on the judgment at an annual rate of 6%, or approximately $122.0 million per year. Defendant Youyong Zou has satisfied the judgment of $5,000 (plus interest) against him in lieu of appealing that judgment. On September 15, 2022, Pegasystems filed a notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. On July 30, 2024, the Court of Appeals of Virginia issued a decision reversing the judgment against Pegasystems and remanding for a new trial. The decision rejected Pegasystems’ argument that Appian had not presented evidence that trade secrets were misappropriated but reversed the judgment on the basis of evidentiary and damages rulings made by the trial court. On August 29, 2024, Appian submitted a petition to the Supreme Court of Virginia seeking to reverse the Court of Appeals decision and reinstate the full judgment against Pegasystems. Pegasystems filed an opposition to the petition and cross-issues for appeal on October 21, 2024. The timeline to hear Appian’s petition is in the control of the Supreme Court. We cannot predict the outcome of any appeals or the exact time it will take to resolve them. Judgment Preservation Insurance On September 1, 2023, we entered into a Judgment Preservation Insurance (“JPI”) policy in connection with our $2.036 billion judgment against Pegasystems. The total cost of the policy was $57.3 million and is comprised of the premium, a one-time broker fee, and Virginia lines tax. The policy provides up to $500.0 million of coverage. The total cost of the policy was capitalized and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated length of the appeals process. We currently estimate the total length of the appeals process (solely for amortization purposes) to be approximately four years. This estimate is reviewed each reporting period. Amortization expense associated with the JPI premium is recorded to general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. JPI amortization expense was $3.6 million and $12.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. JPI amortization expense was $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, $12.5 million of the unamortized balance is classified as ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ while the remaining $26.1 million is classified as 'Other assets’ on our consolidated balance sheets. Other Legal Matters From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. Share Repurchase Program In February 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock from March 2024 to February 2026. In March 2024, we repurchased 1.3 million shares under this program at an average share price of $37.86, totaling an aggregate cost of $50.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, shareholders’ equity included 72.4 million shares outstanding, net of 1.1 million shares of common stock held in treasury.

Segment and Geographic Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment and Geographic Information

13. Segment and Geographic Information

The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic	$	98,108	$	88,743	$	282,755	$	257,442
International	55,944		48,351		167,582		142,602
Total	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

Investments and Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments and Fair Value Measurements

14. Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

•Level 1 - Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 - Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own estimates and assumptions reflecting those that a market participant would use.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Market approach - Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities;

•Income approach - Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts; and

•Cost approach - Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (i.e., replacement cost).

Investments


	As of September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	52,421	$	—	$	52,421	$	52,421	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	46,772		—		46,772		46,772		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	23,871		64		23,935		—		23,935
Commercial paper	Level 2	2,893		9		2,902		—		2,902
Corporate bonds	Level 2	13,900		61		13,961		—		13,961
Total investments		$	139,857	$	134	$	139,991	$	99,193	$	40,798

At December 31, 2023, our investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	93,029	$	—	$	93,029	$	93,029	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	56,322		—		56,322		56,322		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	4,830		(2)		4,828		—		4,828


Agency bonds	Level 2	4,828		(3)		4,825		—		4,825
Total investments		$	159,009	$	(5)	$	159,004	$	149,351	$	9,653

Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and cash flows. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 15, 2024.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates embedded in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance established against deferred tax assets, the amortization period of deferred commissions, the amortization period of the cost to obtain the judgment preservation insurance policy (as discussed in Note 12), lease impairments, and stock-based compensation.
Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk	Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk Our financial instruments exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and our short-term investments. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, we believe the financial institutions holding our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, as well as overnight repurchase agreements, to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash consisted of cash designated to settle an escrow liability stemming from a holdback agreement related to our acquisition of Lana Labs GmbH. We paid the remaining amount owed on August 11, 2023.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts and incorporates an estimation of expected lifetime credit losses on our receivables. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense.
Deferred Commissions	Deferred Commissions We capitalize costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, which consist of sales commissions paid to our sales team and the associated incremental payroll taxes. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or upsell an existing customer are amortized over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized over the related renewal period. We determine the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms, and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are one year or less. Amortization associated with deferred commissions is recorded to sales and marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally 3 years for computer software, computer hardware, and internally developed software, 5 years for equipment, and 10 years for office furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements have an estimated useful life of the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term.
Severance Costs	Severance Costs In June 2024, we approved a reduction of the Company’s workforce by approximately 150 full-time employees, intended to align sales and marketing teams with our go-to-market strategy and improve profitability. We incurred severance costs related to the involuntary reductions in our workforce. Costs related to benefits provided in accordance with mutually understood and ongoing agreements are recognized when an obligation has been incurred, it is probable the benefits will be paid, and the amount to be paid can be reasonably estimated.
Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock We account for treasury stock under the cost method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we have reissued treasury stock to satisfy employee stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock units. Because we are in an accumulated deficit position, all reissuances of treasury stock have been recorded as a decrease to additional-paid-in-capital in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted We have not adopted any new accounting guidance in 2024 that has had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances the disclosure requirements for operating segments in our annual and interim consolidated financial statements. The new guidance is effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2024 and for interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2025 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The new ASU requires public companies to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Additionally, it requires public companies to disclose the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. This guidance also applies to public entities that have only one segment. This ASU will only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Tax (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public companies to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The new guidance will be effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 2025 on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. In March 2024, the SEC issued its final climate disclosure rule, which requires the disclosure of material Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions and other climate-related topics in annual reports if they are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the Company’s business. For large accelerated filers, disclosure requirements will begin phasing in for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. Subsequent to issuance, the rules became the subject of litigation, and the SEC has issued a stay to allow the legal process to proceed. We are currently evaluating the impact these rules will have on our financial statements and related disclosures and will monitor the litigation progress for possible impacts on the disclosure requirements under the rules. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires more detailed disclosures of certain categories of expenses such as employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization that are components of existing expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. The new guidance will be effective beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2027 and for interim period reporting beginning in fiscal year 2028. Companies have the option to apply the guidance either on a retrospective or prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our financial statement presentation and disclosures.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services as well as term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training related to our platform. Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our term license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time while our cloud subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services are delivered over time. Subscriptions Revenue Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) cloud subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis or through non-user-based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front. Cloud Subscriptions We generate cloud-based subscriptions revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of one to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance, and they are non-cancellable. Term License Subscriptions Our term license subscriptions revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform. The majority of our term license contracts are one year in length. Although term license subscriptions are sold with maintenance and support, the software is fully functional at the beginning of the subscription and is considered a distinct performance obligation. If a cloud-based subscription includes the right for the customer to take possession of the license, the revenue is treated as a term license. Revenue from term license subscriptions is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term. Maintenance and Support Maintenance and support subscriptions include both technical support and when-and-if-available software upgrades, which are treated as a single performance obligation as they are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same duration and measure of progress. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support. Professional Services Revenue Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold standalone or with other products. Consulting Services We sell consulting services to assist customers in planning and executing the deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and most often as either (1) under a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) on a time and materials basis. We also sell advisory services on a subscription basis to support customers or partners with their development and deployment. Consulting services contracts are considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. Revenue from subscription-based consulting contracts is recognized ratably over the contract period. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to date. Training Services We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered. Significant Judgments and Estimates Determining the Transaction Price The transaction price is the total amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the service offerings in a contract and may include both fixed and variable components. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was immaterial. Our estimates of variable consideration are also subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to transaction prices; however, such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material. Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices (“SSP”) We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows: 1.Cloud subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our cloud subscriptions, we establish the SSP of our cloud subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of our cloud subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price. 2.Term license subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our term license subscriptions, we have established the SSP of term license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of maintenance and support. Maintenance and support is sold on a standalone basis in conjunction with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses and within a narrow range of the net license fee. Because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded the residual approach to estimating the SSP of term license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price. 3.Maintenance and support - We establish the SSP of maintenance and support as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses. 4.Consulting and training services - The SSP of consulting and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold. Contract Balances Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Deferred revenue is then recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current.
Lease Costs	Lease Costs Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e., common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as maintenance costs, utilities, and service charges, are not included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets or lease liabilities but rather are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. We often receive customary incentives from our landlords such as tenant improvement allowances (“TIAs”) and rent abatement periods, which effectively reduce total lease payments owed for the leases.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	Compensation expense related to stock-based awards is accounted for using the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards such as RSUs, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. In June 2022, our Board of Directors granted to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) a stock option award that is eligible to vest based on the achievement of various stock price appreciation targets. This option grant (the “2022 CEO option grant”) is our only outstanding stock-based award that vests based on the achievement of market conditions. For awards with market-based conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation, and expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. We account for forfeitures of our stock-based awards as they occur rather than estimating expected forfeitures.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows: •Level 1 - Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; •Level 2 - Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and •Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own estimates and assumptions reflecting those that a market participant would use. The asset or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There were no instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows: •Market approach - Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities; •Income approach - Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts; and •Cost approach - Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (i.e., replacement cost).
Investments	Investments Our investment portfolio consists largely of debt investments classified as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities, excluding other-than-temporary impairments, have been recorded in ‘Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)’ in our consolidated balance sheets.

Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	148,132
Restricted cash, current	—		—		—		2,249

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	150,381

Schedule of Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	148,132
Restricted cash, current	—		—		—		2,249

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	99,193	$	149,351	$	130,761	$	150,381

Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Services

The following table summarizes revenue recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cloud subscriptions	$	94,075	$	77,247	$	269,106	$	221,381
Term license subscriptions	21,265		20,026		62,263		56,176
Maintenance and support	7,781		6,530		22,420		18,997
Total subscriptions	123,121		103,803		353,789		296,554
Professional services	30,931		33,291		96,548		103,490
Total revenue	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

Schedule of Contract Asset and Contract Liability

The following table sets forth our contract asset and contract liability balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current*	$	10,292	$	12,052	$	10,932	$	12,540
Contract assets, non-current*	733		915		1,178		1,720
Total contract assets	$	11,025	$	12,967	$	12,110	$	14,260

Deferred revenue, current	$	224,199	$	235,992	$	194,602	$	194,768
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370		4,700		3,243		5,556
Total contract liabilities	$	227,569	$	240,692	$	197,845	$	200,324

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, exclusive of sublease income):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	2,356	$	2,359	$	7,177	$	6,650
Short-term lease cost	481		350		1,246		1,138
Variable lease cost	1,324		1,311		3,972		3,296
Total	$	4,161	$	4,020	$	12,395	$	11,084

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information


	As of
	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	$	32,231		$	39,975

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	12,470		$	11,698
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	54,270			59,067
Total operating lease liabilities	$	66,740		$	70,765

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	6.7			7.4

Weighted average discount rate	9.4		%	9.4		%

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow and expense information related to operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is shown below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	3,190	$	2,223	$	8,963	$	6,374

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	777		693		2,375		1,936
Interest expense on operating lease liabilities	1,579		1,667		4,803		4,714

Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2024 is shown below (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	3,237
2025	13,065
2026	13,386
2027	13,629
2028	12,473

Thereafter	34,839
Total lease payments	90,629
Less: imputed interest	(23,889)
Total	$	66,740

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table details the changes in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	Carrying Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	26,349

Foreign currency translation adjustments	757
Balance as of December 31, 2023	27,106

Foreign currency translation adjustments	356
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	27,462

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Developed technology	$	7,184	$	7,091
Customer relationships	962		950

Intangible assets, gross	8,146		8,041
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,356)		(4,152)
Intangible assets, net	$	2,790	$	3,889

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Projected Amortization
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$	383
2025	1,220
2026	785
2027	96
2028	96

Thereafter	210
Total projected amortization expense	$	2,790

Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	54,660	$	53,313
Office furniture and fixtures	4,484		3,825
Computer software and hardware	9,424		10,491
Internally developed software	758		—
Equipment	193		194
Property and equipment, gross	69,519		67,823
Less: accumulated depreciation	(30,329)		(25,141)
Property and equipment, net	$	39,190	$	42,682

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Hosting costs	$	3,029	$	2,973
Legal costs	490		103
Marketing and tradeshow expenses	918		685
Third party license fees	888		678
Contract labor costs	1,045		600
Reimbursable employee expenses	1,264		880
Taxes payable	291		1,261
Audit and tax expenses	1,660		1,499
Capital expenditures	109		644
Other accrued expenses	1,616		1,723
Total	$	11,310	$	11,046

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Outstanding Long-term Debt

The following table summarizes outstanding debt balances (in thousands):


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	$	62,000	$	62,000
Secured term loan facility	192,062		145,813
Less: Debt issuance costs (1)	(1,239)		(1,224)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	252,823	$	206,589

Debt, current	$	9,598	$	66,368
Long-term debt	243,225		140,221
Total debt	$	252,823	$	206,589

(1) Deferred debt issuance costs associated with the term loan facility are recorded net of the debt obligation and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	211	$	211	$	641	$	713
Professional services	1,325		1,535		4,364		4,598
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	1,746		3,245		6,270		8,462
Research and development	2,939		2,930		8,859		9,466
General and administrative	3,284		3,090		9,877		9,976
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	9,505	$	11,011	$	30,011	$	33,215

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Securities Excluded from Calculation of Weighted Average Common Shares


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Stock options	2,518,342	2,611,247
Non-vested restricted stock units	1,216,499	1,133,039

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Geography

The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic	$	98,108	$	88,743	$	282,755	$	257,442
International	55,944		48,351		167,582		142,602
Total	$	154,052	$	137,094	$	450,337	$	400,044

Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Investments

The components of our investments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):


	As of September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	52,421	$	—	$	52,421	$	52,421	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	46,772		—		46,772		46,772		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	23,871		64		23,935		—		23,935
Commercial paper	Level 2	2,893		9		2,902		—		2,902
Corporate bonds	Level 2	13,900		61		13,961		—		13,961
Total investments		$	139,857	$	134	$	139,991	$	99,193	$	40,798

At December 31, 2023, our investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Measurement							Balance Sheet Classification
	Fair Value Level	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-term Investments and Marketable Securities
Cash	Level 1	$	93,029	$	—	$	93,029	$	93,029	$	—
Money market fund	Level 1	56,322		—		56,322		56,322		—
U.S. Treasury bonds	Level 1	4,830		(2)		4,828		—		4,828


Agency bonds	Level 2	4,828		(3)		4,825		—		4,825
Total investments		$	159,009	$	(5)	$	159,004	$	149,351	$	9,653

Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 employee	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$ 2,850		$ 2,850		$ 2,606
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period (in years)		5 years		5 years
Commission expense		$ 12,600	$ 11,300	$ 35,500	$ 33,500
Number of reduction in employees \| employee	150
Severance costs		$ 0	$ 0	$ 5,500	$ 6,300
Computer software and hardware
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		3 years		3 years
Internally developed software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		3 years		3 years
Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		5 years		5 years
Office furniture and fixtures
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life		10 years		10 years
Sales Revenue, Net \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		23.20%	21.10%	22.50%	20.60%
Sales Revenue, Net \| Customer Concentration Risk \| International Customers
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		36.30%	35.30%	37.20%	35.60%
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer One
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage				22.00%

Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 99,193	$ 149,351	$ 130,761	$ 148,132
Restricted cash, current	0	0	0	2,249
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 99,193	$ 149,351	$ 130,761	$ 150,381

Revenue - Revenue by Services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 154,052	$ 137,094	$ 450,337	$ 400,044
Subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	123,121	103,803	353,789	296,554
Cloud subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	94,075	77,247	269,106	221,381
Term license subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	21,265	20,026	62,263	56,176
Maintenance and support
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	7,781	6,530	22,420	18,997
Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 30,931	$ 33,291	$ 96,548	$ 103,490

Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 213.2	$ 177.9
Performance obligations	470.4
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Performance obligations	$ 321.5
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period (in months)	12 months
Minimum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Cloud subscriptions contract term	1 year
Maximum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Cloud subscriptions contract term	3 years

Revenue - Schedule of Contract Asset and Contract Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets, current	$ 10,292	$ 12,052	$ 10,932	$ 12,540
Contract assets, non-current	733	915	1,178	1,720
Total contract assets	11,025	12,967	12,110	14,260
Deferred revenue, current	224,199	235,992	194,602	194,768
Deferred revenue, non-current	3,370	4,700	3,243	5,556
Total contract liabilities	$ 227,569	$ 240,692	$ 197,845	$ 200,324

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) floor rOUAsset	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Renewal term	10 years		10 years
Sublease income	$ 300	$ 300	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
ROU asset impairment	0		$ 5,462	0
Number of ROU assets \| rOUAsset			2
Number of floors represented by each asset group within headquarters \| floor			2
Reimbursements received for tenant improvements	$ 0	$ 1,000	$ 0	$ 2,600

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 2,356	$ 2,359	$ 7,177	$ 6,650
Short-term lease cost	481	350	1,246	1,138
Variable lease cost	1,324	1,311	3,972	3,296
Total	$ 4,161	$ 4,020	$ 12,395	$ 11,084

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets for operating leases	$ 32,231	$ 39,975
Operating lease liabilities, current	12,470	11,698
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	54,270	59,067
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 66,740	$ 70,765
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	6 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	9.40%	9.40%

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$ 3,190	$ 2,223	$ 8,963	$ 6,374
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	777	693	2,375	1,936
Interest expense on operating lease liabilities	$ 1,579	$ 1,667	$ 4,803	$ 4,714

Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Leases
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$ 3,237
2025	13,065
2026	13,386
2027	13,629
2028	12,473
Thereafter	34,839
Total lease payments	90,629
Less: imputed interest	(23,889)
Total	$ 66,740	$ 70,765

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 27,106	$ 26,349
Foreign currency translation adjustments	356	757
Ending balance	$ 27,462	$ 27,106

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	$ 8,146	$ 8,041
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,356)	(4,152)
Intangible assets, net	2,790	3,889
Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	7,184	7,091
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	$ 962	$ 950

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 0.4	$ 0.4	$ 1.1	$ 1.1
Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	1 year 10 months 24 days		1 year 10 months 24 days
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	6 years 7 months 6 days		6 years 7 months 6 days

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2024)	$ 383
2025	1,220
2026	785
2027	96
2028	96
Thereafter	210
Intangible assets, net	$ 2,790	$ 3,889

Property and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 69,519	$ 67,823
Less: accumulated depreciation	(30,329)	(25,141)
Property and equipment, net	39,190	42,682
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	54,660	53,313
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,484	3,825
Computer software and hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	9,424	10,491
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	758	0
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 193	$ 194

Property and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 2.2	$ 2.0	$ 6.4	$ 5.9
Disposal of property plant and equipment	$ 1.0	$ 0.0	$ 1.3	$ 1.4

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Hosting costs	$ 3,029	$ 2,973
Legal costs	490	103
Marketing and tradeshow expenses	918	685
Third party license fees	888	678
Contract labor costs	1,045	600
Reimbursable employee expenses	1,264	880
Taxes payable	291	1,261
Audit and tax expenses	1,660	1,499
Capital expenditures	109	644
Other accrued expenses	1,616	1,723
Total	$ 11,310	$ 11,046

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 14,700,000
Letter of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	20,000,000.0
Swingline Sub-facility \| Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000.0
Secured Debt \| Term Loan Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt term	5 years
Aggregate principal amount	$ 200,000,000.0
Secured Debt \| Term Loan Facility \| Base Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	0.50%
Line of Credit \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	1.50%
Line of Credit \| Base Rate \| Minimum \| EBITDA
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	0.50%
Line of Credit \| Base Rate \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	2.50%
Line of Credit \| Base Rate \| Maximum \| EBITDA
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	2.50%
Line of Credit \| SOFR \| Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	2.50%
Line of Credit \| SOFR \| Minimum \| EBITDA
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	1.50%
Line of Credit \| SOFR \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	3.50%
Line of Credit \| SOFR \| Maximum \| EBITDA
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin (as a percent)	3.50%
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 100,000,000.0
Long-term debt	$ 62,000,000	$ 62,000,000

Debt - Outstanding Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Less: Debt issuance costs	$ (1,239)	$ (1,224)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	252,823	206,589
Debt, current	9,598	66,368
Long-term debt	243,225	140,221
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term debt	62,000	62,000
Secured Debt \| Secured Term Loan Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 192,062	$ 145,813

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	(168.90%)	(0.80%)	(0.90%)	(2.20%)
Net unrecognized tax benefits which would impact effective tax rate if recognized	$ 6.5		$ 6.5
Minimum \| Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate (as a percent)			0.00%
Maximum \| Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate (as a percent)			35.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Non-vested restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units	$ 34.6
Weighted average remaining vesting period	1 year 4 months 24 days
Chief Executive Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation cost related to nonvested stock options not yet recognized	$ 7.1
Chief Executive Officer \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option recognized over weighted average period (in years)	1 year 6 months

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 9,505	$ 11,011	$ 30,011	$ 33,215
Cost of revenue \| Subscriptions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	211	211	641	713
Cost of revenue \| Professional services
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,325	1,535	4,364	4,598
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,746	3,245	6,270	8,462
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2,939	2,930	8,859	9,466
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,284	$ 3,090	$ 9,877	$ 9,976

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Details) - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding (in shares)	2,518,342	2,611,247	2,518,342	2,611,247
Non-vested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding (in shares)	1,216,499	1,133,039	1,216,499	1,133,039

Commitments, Contingencies, and Other Matters (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2023	Sep. 15, 2022	May 10, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Feb. 29, 2024
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation					$ 131,000,000
Purchase commitment, period					5 years
Purchase obligation, year four					$ 28,000,000
Purchase obligation, year five					$ 28,000,000
Payments for purchase obligation						$ 10,800,000		$ 9,300,000	$ 31,800,000	$ 27,800,000
Authorized to repurchase											$ 50,000,000.0
Number of shares repurchased (in shares)				1,300,000
Average share price (in usd per share)				$ 37.86
Repurchase of common stock				$ 50,000,000.0			$ 50,019,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)						72,400,000			72,400,000
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)						1,127,138			1,127,138
Pegasystems Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
JPI cost	$ 57,300,000
JPI, threshold amount	$ 500,000,000.0
Appeal process, period						4 years			4 years
JPI expense						$ 3,600,000		$ 1,500,000	$ 12,600,000	$ 1,500,000
JPI current						12,500,000			12,500,000
JPI noncurrent						$ 26,100,000			$ 26,100,000
Pegasystems Litigation \| Misappropriation of Trade Secrets
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded in settlement			$ 2,036,000,000.000
Pegasystems Litigation \| Violation of Virginia Computer Crimes Act
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded in settlement			$ 1
Pegasystems Litigation \| Attorney's Fees Associated
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded in settlement		$ 23,600,000
Pegasystems Litigation \| Statutory Post Judgement Interest on Judgmental
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded in settlement		$ 122,000,000.0
Interest on damages awarded (as a percentage)		6.00%
Youyong Zou Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded in settlement		$ 5,000,000

Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Revenue by Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 154,052	$ 137,094	$ 450,337	$ 400,044
Domestic
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	98,108	88,743	282,755	257,442
International
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 55,944	$ 48,351	$ 167,582	$ 142,602

Segment and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 57.3	$ 67.6
International
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 16.9	$ 18.9

Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Components of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Cost Basis	$ 99,193	$ 149,351	$ 130,761	$ 148,132
Total Investments, Cost Basis	139,857	159,009
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Unrealized Gains (Losses)	134	(5)
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	40,798	9,653
Total investments, Fair Value	139,991	159,004
U.S. Treasury bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	23,935	4,828
U.S. Treasury bonds \| Level 1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Cost Basis	23,871	4,830
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Unrealized Gains (Losses)	64	(2)
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	23,935	4,828
Commercial paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	2,902
Commercial paper \| Level 2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Cost Basis	2,893
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Unrealized Gains (Losses)	9
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	2,902
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	13,961
Corporate bonds \| Level 2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Cost Basis	13,900
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Unrealized Gains (Losses)	61
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value	13,961
Agency bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value		4,825
Agency bonds \| Level 2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Cost Basis		4,828
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Unrealized Gains (Losses)		(3)
Short-term investments and marketable securities, Fair Value		4,825
Cash
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Cost Basis	52,421	93,029
Cash \| Level 1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Cost Basis	52,421	93,029
Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value	52,421	93,029
Money market fund
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Cost Basis	46,772	56,322
Money market fund \| Level 1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Cost Basis	46,772	56,322
Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value	$ 46,772	$ 56,322

Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Investment income, interest	$ 1.5	$ 2.4	$ 5.2	$ 7.1

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