Premier African Minerals Limited Final Results (8637Q)

TIDMPREM

RNS Number : 8637Q

Premier African Minerals Limited

30 June 2022

30 June 2022

Premier African Minerals Limited

Final Results

Premier African Minerals Limited ("Premier" or the "Company"), the AIM-traded, multi-commodity mining and natural resource development company focused in Southern and Western Africa, is pleased to announce publication of its audited Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2021 (the "Annual Report").

The Annual Report is available on the Company's website, www.premierafricanminerals.com , and is in the process of being posted to Shareholders.

The Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2021 is set out in full below.

The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of UK Domestic Law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.

The person who arranged the release of this announcement on behalf of the Company was George Roach.

Enquiries:

 
 George Roach           Premier African Minerals 
                         Limited                     Tel: [phone] 
 Michael Cornish /      Beaumont Cornish Limited     Tel: [phone] 
  Roland Cornish         (Nominated Adviser) 
                       ---------------------------  -------------------------- 
 John More/Toby Gibbs   Shore Capital Stockbrokers 
                         Limited 
                         (Joint Broker)              Tel: [phone] 
                       ---------------------------  -------------------------- 
 

CEO STATEMENT -Mr George Roach

Reflecting on the past eighteen months and having reviewed our 2021 audited financials and our most recent interims, I can't help feeling that so much is changing and so rapidly that this statement is going to be more concerned with events post year end, than those of the period under review!

Our project at Zulu in Zimbabwe has been front and centre in most of what we have achieved in 2021. Improved liquidity and escalating interest in spodumene concentrate, whilst allowing Premier to fund the commencement of a Definitive Feasibility Study, did not necessarily answer the question as to what future deal should be considered and what may offer the best value in the longer term for shareholders. Whilst this was unfolding, a number of unforeseen issues did not help progress at Zulu either. The return intermittently of COVID and related travel restrictions and an abnormally wet summer, added their own complications.

In the latter part of 2021, interest in the Zulu deposit increased dramatically and a series of negotiations followed. This only increased the difficulty in identifying the best possible deal to extract value for our shareholders. Ultimately, Premier took the decision to retain ownership of Zulu and to seek to bring the deposit into production without further dilution to shareholders on the back of a pre-paid sales contract. Step one in this process was to team up with a company that had those capabilities. At one point, I was involved with eleven separate negotiations with people all wanting Zulu! At the end of the day Suzhou TA&A agreed to take a placement into Premier direct at a substantial premium to the then trading price, and this has allowed us to dramatically improve the exploration activities at Zulu.

In our RNS 13 June 2022, I set out Premier's intention to commission a high capacity pilot plant and the rationale therefor; in essence that, the advanced exploration and test work coupled to the shortage of SC6 and the price for this commodity have all combined to create a unique opportunity for Zulu to be in production with SC6 from Q1 2023. In our latest RNS OF 24 June 2022, I have been able to confirm that this pilot plant option is now a reality and Premier is now expected to be fully funded to bring Zulu into production in early 2023.

Sadly, RHA has not progressed but, the control of the Zimbabwe states 51% now resides in the Ministry of Mines and there have been encouraging negotiations with an expectation that a workable agreement will be reached and that there is a reasonable prospect that after some additional exploration work, this could return to production in early 2023 as well. The price of wolframite remains good and there is a window to bring this mine back into production.

Premier concluded a JV agreement with Li3 Resources Inc to earn in up to 50% of the ownership of the claims previously acquired in the Mutare greenstone belt. Exploration activities have commenced and we look forward to results of those efforts in the near future.

George Roach

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

30 June 2022

STRATEGIC REPORT

The strategic report provides a detailed assessment of the activities of the Company during the period under review. It also details the main objectives of the Company related to our portfolio of assets. The principal risks and uncertainties associated with our activities are outlined in a specific principal risks and uncertainties section.

RHA

49% Interest owned by Premier

51% Locally indigenized owned by National Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Fund ("NIEEF")

Sadly, little changed once again, although in further reviews of the resource, prompted by improved pricing for Wolframite, the option of open pit operations being resumed targeting alternative lode structures to those originally mined some years ago, represented a viable alternative, but something I would only consider after additional exploration drilling to confirm the on strike extensions of the lodes in question. Coupled to limited plant modifications indicated from test work concluded during the year, an independent review indicated that the mine could potentially operate profitably. The stumbling block remains that Premier cannot reasonably be expected to fund this whilst owning a minority stake.

In subsequent discussions with the Minister of Mines, there are positive signs for a new agreement with the Government that may still see this mine back in production in 2023. I will be updating on this regularly.

Recoverability of RHA Mine Assets

The RHA mine assets remain fully impaired at this time and are likely to so remain until we are able to conclude the discussions underway at present.

Zulu Lithium and Tantalum Project

Much was achieved and much changed during the year under review. Exploration activities at site and test work conducted in Germany by Anzaplan, together with early drill results continued to support our confidence in the Zulu Project.

After the formal grant of the EPO, Premier was able to self-fund the initial stages associated with this extended exploration programme and also kickstart DFS related activities. In terms of the DFS, this would be an extension to the Scoping Study completed in 2017 that had indicated no fatal flaws and recommended further study with a view to eventual mine development. The rising demand for spodumene concentrates and the escalating price thereof, drove strong interest from many parties all wanting an interest and/or possible acquisition of the Zulu Project. After long and hard consideration, we took the view that the best potential return for shareholders likely lay in retaining ownership and looking to develop the project further before reaching any definitive agreement with any party.

I have covered above the acceptance of the subscription into the company from Suzhou TA&A and the substantial boost that has given our activities. Important was the fact that Premier was fully funded and was able to take a much sounder view of the exploration activities in particular, without persistent pressure to rush interim results to market. The exploration program had been difficult. Influenced by covid interruptions and then torrential summer rains that together with further delays in receipt of assays, left us well behind our original drilling targets. The subscription allowed us to dramatically accelerate the exploration activities and also allowed time to completely review all assays and other activities undertaken. Shortcomings identified have been attended to, corrections made to ore body resource models as needed and confirmatory and validation assays are well advanced. Our internal Competent Person and project manager has indicated that he continues to target a SAMREC compliant indicated resource of 8 to 10 MT @>1% Li2O from the spodumene bearing pegmatites, sufficient to support the pilot plant phase producing 5,000 ton per month of SC6. The ore body extends at depth and on strike in both directions and updates on the overall projected size of this ore body will follow.

In the past few days, Premier announced the funding agreement for the construction of a large-scale pilot plant to produce SC6 from early 2023. The cost estimate of $34 million will be fully funded from a pre-paid purchase of SC6, and the projected production can potentially, based upon on current spodumene prices, both fully repay the pre-paid amount inside of twelve months and place Premier on a sound and profitable basis going forward. As important is that the pilot plant operation will allow optimisation and completion of detailed further test work on ancillary revenue streams that will include tantalum concentrate, a technical grade petalite and possibly a Caesium/Rubidium rich mica/lepidolite concentrate.

The pilot plant project has been launched with an initial payment of 15% of the plant construction cost. At the same time site construction work is already underway. The full staff and ancillary accommodation, workshops, service areas and layout are expected to complete by 30 September 2022. Mine dam, water reticulation, pilot plant base structures, tailings facilities and power generation infrastructure construction commence July 2022 and first equipment is expected to start arriving at site from November 2022. Plant components are pre-assembled in South Africa before stripping and shipment to site. The plant is modular and this will facilitate both speed of assembly and provides flexibility in the test phases that will follow installation. The final components of the plant will be delivered to site late in December 2022 with the construction of the dam to provide water completed by end of December 2022 and completion of the plant by end of January 2023. On this basis, our expectation of first shipments will occur by 31 March 2023 is entirely reasonable.

We will be providing regular progress reports and if adequate bandwidth becomes available at the project site, a periodic live feed will be considered.

As production date approaches, we will provide guidance related to anticipated production levels updated to prices at that time.

Extended Lithium Portfolio

Potentially, a hidden gem. Whilst considered of little value when Premier acquired a gold prospect in Mozambique and this portfolio of hard-rock lithium assets located in Zimbabwe from Lithium Consolidated Ltd ("Li3") on the 28 July 2020, present circumstances have changed that perception entirely. Little work was concluded in the year to December 2021 on these prospects and no work was possible in Mozambique due to the mass displacement of people south from Cabo del Gardo. In events post year end, Premier concluded a JV buy-in agreement as announced in our RNS 25 April 2022 and since that date we have deployed an exploration team to assess and determine where the most prospective regions lie. Early mapping and surface sampling is encouraging. Drill target identification continues and preliminary results can be expected during Q3 2022.

MN Holdings Limited ("MNH")

Little has changed in regard to Otjozondu and it remains a disappointment that neither has Premier been able to advance the present 19% interest in MNH, nor has the mine operation improved. Fundamentally, this remains a sound prospect with a sound and potentially profitable future when the operation is recapitalised.

In the unaudited management accounts for 6 months ended 31 December 2021, Otjozondu reported revenue of approximately N$26 million (equivalent to $1.7 million) and an operating loss before tax (and interest charges to group companies) of approximately N$45.6 million (equivalent to $3.0 million). Total assets as at the same date amounted to approximately N$130 million (equivalent to $8.5 million).

As further reported in Note 12, Premier has provided Otjozondu and its related party, Ebenezer Farm, with a small working and expansion capital facility.

Circum Minerals Limited ("Circum")

The status in Ethiopia has effectively halted operations at Circum during the year to 31 December 2021 and little was advanced. In events after the period end, much has changed. Our RNS 22 February 2022 set out the terms under which Premier's holding in Circum was consolidated into Vortex. Subsequent to this consolidation, the collective shareholders of Vortex have significant protection from a weak minority position and will enjoy an equitable distribution in any proceeds from a cash generative event. The moves toward peace in Ethiopia and the embargoes on potash from Russia and Belarus have strengthened potash prices and there is growing interest in development of the Circum deposit. Apart from this, the major shareholders of Circum, including Vortex have agreed a final date by when a listing will be sought if no other liquidity event has occurred.

I look forward to further updates during the year

Funding

During the reporting period we raised net proceeds of $3.609 million (2020: $2.343 million).

Principal activities and strategic review of the business

The principal activity of Premier and its subsidiary companies (the Group) during the year under review is the mining, exploration, evaluation development and investment in natural resource properties on the African continent.

Premier was incorporated on 21 August 2007 in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) as a BVI business company with number 1426861. The registered office is Craigmuir Chambers, PO Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The Company was admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's AIM Market on 10 December 2012.

Objectives

During the current year, the primary focus will be:

   --      Look to acquire potentially cash generative assets. 
   --      To progress the DFS studies at Zulu and implement the pilot plant mining operations. 
   --      Continue to engage directly with MNH. 
   --      Definitively settle the status at RHA and either reopen the mine or relocate our plant. 
   --      Identify and secure high value exploration targets in other jurisdictions. 

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Group is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which could have a material effect on its business, operations, or future performance, including but not limited to:

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets, including cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. The Company limits the exposure to credit risk in its cash by only investing its cash with high-credit quality financial institutions in business and savings accounts, guaranteed investment certificates and in government treasury bills which are available on demand by the Company for its programs. The Company does not invest in money market funds. The Company has no risk exposure to asset backed commercial paper or auction rate securities.

Refer to note 29 for the company's exposure to credit risk.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have the resources to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and managing resources to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations. Also refer to the going concern section below.

Refer to note 29 for the company's exposure to liquidity risk.

Operating Risks

The activities of the Group are subject to all of the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploring and developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to environmental hazards, industrial accidents, labour disputes, geo-political risks, encountering unusual or unexpected geologic formations or other geological or grade problems, unanticipated changes in rock formation characteristics and mineral recovery, encountering unanticipated ground or water conditions, land slips, flooding, periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions and other acts of God or un-favourable operating conditions and losses.

Should any of these risks and hazards affect the Group's exploration, development or mining activities, it may cause the cost of production to increase to a point where it would no longer be economic to extract minerals from the Group's properties, require the Group to write-down the carrying value of one or more of its assets, cause delays or a stoppage of mining and processing, result in the destruction of mineral properties or processing facilities, cause death or personal injury and related legal liability, any and all of which may have a material adverse effect on the Group.

Early-stage Business Risk

The Group's success will depend on its ability to raise capital and generate cash flows from production in the future at MNH and potentially RHA should NIEEF meet their funding obligations. The board of directors manages this risk by monitoring cash levels and reviewing cash flow forecasts on a regular basis.

Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity)

Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices. These fluctuations may be significant.

Interest Rate Risk: The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances bear variable rates of interest. The interest rate risks on cash and short-term investments and on the Company's, obligations are not considered significant.

Foreign Currency Risk: The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates against the Company's functional currency, which is the United States dollar ("USD"). The Company expects to continue to raise funds in the United Kingdom. The Company conducts its business in Zimbabwe with a significant portion of expenditures in that country historically denominated in USD and now also in RTGS Dollars ("RTGS$"). The introduction of the RTGS$ during the 2019 financial year has resulted in the devaluation of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devaluation has also resulted in the Zimbabwean economy going into hyperinflationary status. The RTGS$ denominated assets and liabilities are inflation adjusted at each reporting period yielding foreign exchange gains or losses on conversion to USD. Additionally, a portion of the Company's business is conducted in South African Rands ("ZAR"). As such, it is subject to risk due to fluctuations in the exchange rates between the USD and each of the RTGS$, ZAR and GBP. A significant change in the currency exchange rates between the USD relative to foreign currencies could have an effect on the Company's results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The Company has not

hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations.

Commodity Price Risk - While the value of the Company's core mineral resource properties, RHA and Zulu are related to the price of tungsten and lithium and the outlook for these minerals, the Company currently does not have any substantially owned operating mines and hence does not have any hedging or other commodity-based risks in respect of its operational activities. The Company minority interest in MNH results in limited control of how MNH mitigate the risk associated with Manganese price fluctuations.

Refer to note 29 for the company's exposure to market risk.

Early-stage Project Risk

RHA moved into production during 2017, which was then suspended on 9 January 2018. Zulu is at an early stage of development. In advancing these projects to the stage where they may be cash generative, many risks are faced, including the inherent uncertainty of discovering commercially viable reserves, the capital costs of exploration, competition from other projects seeking financing and operating in remote and often politically unstable environments. While discovery of a mineral deposit may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into economically viable operating mines. Major expenditure may be required to establish reserves and it is possible that even preliminary due diligence will show adverse results, leading to the abandonment of projects. Whether a mineral deposit will become commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are the particular attributes of the deposit, proximity to infrastructure, financing costs and governmental regulations. The effect of these factors can only be estimated and cannot be accurately predicted.

Environmental Risks and Hazards

All phases of the Group's operations are subject to environmental regulation in the areas in which it operates. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that may require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employees. There is no assurance that existing or future environmental regulation will not materially adversely affect the Group's business, financial condition, and results of operations. Environmental hazards may exist on the properties on which the Group holds interests that are unknown to the Group at present. The Board manages this risk by working with environmental consultants and by engaging with the relevant governmental departments and other concerned stakeholders.

Licencing Risk

The Company's exploration and development activities are dependent upon the grant of appropriate licences, concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn or made subject to limitations or performance criteria. Such licences and permits are as a practical matter subject to the discretion of the applicable Government or Government office. The Group must comply with known standards, existing laws and regulations that may entail greater or lesser costs and delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted. The interpretations, amendments to existing laws and regulations, or more stringent enforcement of existing laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on the Group's results of operations and financial condition. Whilst the Company continually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the terms of each licence are met and adhered to, third parties may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence terms for their own benefit. There is a risk that negotiations with a Government in relation to the grant, renewal or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the expiry of the previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, renewal, or grant.

Political and Regulatory Risk

The Group's operating activities in Africa, notably in Zimbabwe, are subject to laws and regulations governing expropriation of property, health and worker safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, mine development, land and water use, prospecting, mineral production, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational health standards, toxic wastes, the protection of endangered and protected species and other matters. The Group is dependent on the political and economic situation in these countries and may be adversely impacted by political factors such as expropriation, war, terrorism, insurrection, and changes to laws governing mineral exploration and operations.

Internal Control and Financial Risk Management

The Board has overall responsibility for the Group's systems of internal control and for reviewing their effectiveness. The Group maintains systems which are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material loss and to manage rather than eliminate risk.

The key features of the Group's systems of internal control are as follows:

Management structure with clearly identified responsibilities.

Production of management information presented to the Board.

Day to day hands on involvement of the Executive Directors and Senior Management.

Regular board meetings and discussions with the non-executive directors.

The Group's activities expose it to a number of financial risks including cash flow risk, liquidity risk and foreign currency risk. The Group has identified certain short coming in the financial control systems, which are currently in the process of being addressed.

Disclosure of management's objectives, exposure, and policies in relation to these risks can be found in note 29 to these financial statements.

Environmental Policy

The Group is aware of the potential impact that its subsidiary companies may have on the environment. The Group ensures that it complies with all local regulatory requirements and seeks to implement a best practice approach to managing environmental aspects.

The RHA Mine located in Zimbabwe was granted approval of its Environmental Impact Assessment and was permitted to undertake mining operations by the Environmental Management Agency of Zimbabwe.

Health and Safety

The Group's aim is to achieve and maintain a high standard of workplace safety. In order to achieve this objective, the Group provides ongoing training and support to employees and sets demanding standards for workplace safety.

Covid-19

The Board recognises that the emergence and spread of new coronavirus strains represents a continuing risk to the Company's operations. The Board has also received assurances from the Company's key service providers and management in respect of their ongoing activities with our operations and steps are being taken to guarantee the ongoing efficiency of our operations while ensuring the safety and well-being of our employees.

With expanding vaccine programme, the outlook is cautiously positive, but the Board will continue to monitor developments as they occur.

Going Concern

These consolidated financial statements are prepared on the going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that the Group will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 30 June 2023, on the basis of the following considerations, inter alia:

RHA

-- The Company has not funded any of the activities at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essential care and maintenance costs.

Zulu

-- During March 2021, the EPO was granted and subsequently a definitive feasibility study (DFS) has commenced.

-- The Company accepted a direct placement from Suzhou TA&A that fully funds the ongoing DFS and all Premier activities to postproduction start-up at Zulu that is projected for Q1 2023

-- The Company has secured funding to complete the establishment of a Pilot Plant at Zulu as announced on 24 June 2022.

MNH

-- The Group is anticipating deriving a return on its current investment in MNH in the latter portion of 2022.

-- The Company has received the unaudited management accounts as at 31 December which reflects a loss of N$45.6 million (US$3.0 million) for the 6 months then ended.

The Group

-- During 2021 the Group issued 1,625,000,000 shares at an average price of 0.172p per share raising a total of $2.8 million. This cash is being used to commence the Zulu DFS and additional exploration required in terms of the EPO.

-- The Company will seek to diversify its operations and risk profile and limit the funds that need to be raised through equity placements to provide necessary funding for the Company's significantly reduced fixed overhead.

-- In March 2022 the company issued the balance of its authorised share capital for a total of GBP12 million. These funds are being used to complete the DFS at Zulu Lithium.

Refer to note 5 for further information.

George Roach

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

30 June 2022

Management Team

 
   CEO - MR GEORGE ROACH 
 
    George has extensive experience in the natural 
    resources sector in Africa. He has successfully 
    obtained licenses and concluded mineral exploration 
    and exploitation agreements in the entire 
    SADAC region, Ethiopia and most of CEMAC 
    and ECOWAS regions. Under the auspices of 
    Exploration Services, he has provided consultancy 
    to prospective exploration companies and 
    has acted in significant capacities for several 
    start-ups that have subsequently listed on 
    AIM and TSX-V. Prior to founding Premier, 
    George was the Managing Director Africa, 
    for Uramin Inc. 
   COO - Mr Errico Vascotto 
 
    Errico is an accomplished and qualified Mining 
    Engineer with more than 40 years in the mining 
    industry. Errico also has a MBA from the 
    University of Southern Queensland, Australia 
    with Project Management as a speciality. 
    He has worked on both greenfield and brownfield 
    projects globally. In addition to direct 
    mining experience, Errico has gained experience 
    in mining construction, providing strategic 
    project leadership in line with industry 
    best practice. 
   CFO - Mr Tomas Apetauer 
 
    Since qualifying as a C.A. (S.A.), Tomas 
    has gained extensive experience in a diverse 
    range of industries including finance, engineering 
    consulting, corporate finance and as an international 
    trainer. As Premier's chief financial officer, 
    he brings the skills gained through corporate 
    turnaround strategies, multi-million dollar 
    capital raises and buy-outs primarily focused 
    on the African market. 
   Country Manager - Mr Jabulani Chirasha 
 
    A qualified Metallurgical Engineer with over 
    30 years' experience in mining and process 
    engineering. Prior to joining Premier, Jabulani 
    was a senior manager at Anglo American in 
    Zimbabwe. Jabulani has authored a number 
    of international papers on mining and process 
    technology and facilitated at international 
    mining conferences as a speaker. 
   Corporate Secretary - Mr Brendan Roach 
 
    Brendan holds a B.Com LLB and MA(Law). He 
    manages the full function of corporate affairs 
    for Premier and acts as our international 
    Legal Counsel. 
   Exploration Manager - Mr Bruce Cumming 
 
    With more than 40 years' experience Bruce 
    is an accomplished, SACNASP registered Geologist. 
    Bruce qualified with a BSc Hons degree from 
    the University of Cape Town and is a member 
    of the GSSA. Bruce has extensive exploration 
    project management experience and has worked 
    in various capacities in diverse African 
    countries. He has a long history with Premier 
    African Minerals. 
 

Directors

 
   CEO - MR GEORGE ROACH 
 
    George has extensive experience in natural 
    resource business development in Africa. 
    He has held positions in and/or initiated 
    a number of start-up businesses listed 
    on AIM and/or TSX-V. 
   Mr Wolfgang Hampel - Non executive Director 
 
    Wolfgang has more than 27 years' experience 
    in the African, American, European and 
    Asian exploration and mining industry. 
    He holds a Diploma in Economic Geology 
    from the Technical University of Munich 
    and is a registered European Geologist 
    (EurGeol) n*1261, with the European Federation 
    of Geologists. 
   Mr Godfrey Manhambara - Non Executive Director 
 
    A Zimbabwean national with extensive experience 
    in business. 
    Godfrey was the former Chief Executive 
    of Affretair. In 1999, Godfrey was appointed 
    as CEO of the Civil Aviation Authority 
    in Zimbabwe, a position he held until 2001. 
    Currently Godfrey is the Chief Executive 
    of Beta Holding, the largest infrastructure 
    supply manufacturer in Zimbabwe 
   Dr Luo Wei - Non Executive Director 
 
    Dr Wei has a PhD in Mineral Prospecting 
    and Exploration from Central South University. 
    With over a decade of experience in the 
    mining and exploration industry Dr Wei 
    has extensive experience in project management 
    and optimisation with a focus on resource 
    development. 
 

DIRECTORS REPORT

Results

The audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 are set out on pages 29 to 83. The Group reported a profit before and after tax of $2.298 million for the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: loss $1.278 million).

The loss before and after tax includes:

   --      A gross trading profit after depreciation and amortisation is $nil (2020: $nil). 
   --      Administration expenses amounting to $2.366 million (2020: $1.311 million). 

-- RHA remains under care and maintenance. In 2019 it was decided to impair the carrying value in full of the RHA assets. This results in an impairment in 2021 of $nil (2020: $0.003 million).

   --      Finance costs amounting to $0.018 million (2020: $0.082 million); and 

-- The reversal of the impairment of the Zulu Lithium's intangible assets of $4.563 million (2020: $nil).

The total comprehensive profit for the year amounted to $2.099 million (2020: loss $1.369 million)

Dividends

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the year under review.

Fund-raising and capital

During the 2021 financial year net funds of $3.609 million were raised through direct subscriptions from the issue of new ordinary shares (2020: $2.343 million).

There remains an active and very liquid market for the Group's shares.

Borrowings

During the financial year, Neil Herbert advanced $0.180 million to Premier African Minerals to facilitate an additional loan to MN Holdings.

Further information on these transactions is included in note 18 and 32.

Other key elements of financial position

The prior year's impairment of the Zulu Lithium Exploration and Evaluation costs of $4.566 million were reversed based upon the current market conditions and requirements for Lithium.

The Company's holdings in Circum amount to $6.263 million (2020: $6.263 million).

The Company's holdings in MNH amount to $2.079 million (2020: $2.079 million).

The Company's investment in property, plant and equipment during the year was $0.154 million (2020: $0.004 million).

Events after the reporting date

At the date these financial statements were approved, the Directors were not aware of any significant events after the reporting date other than those set out in note 33 to the financial statements.

Directors

The Directors of Premier who served during the period or subsequently were:

   --      George Roach (appointed on incorporation April 2007) 
   --      Godfrey Manhambara (appointed 27 September 2017) 
   --      Wolfgang Hampel (appointed 10 April 2018) 
   --      Neil Herbert (appointed 28 August 2019, resigned 30 April 2022) 
   --      Dr Luo Wei (appointed 30 April 2022) 

Directors' Fiduciary Statement

The Directors acknowledge their fiduciary duties and consider that they have, both individually and together, acted in the way that, in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. In doing so, they have had regard (amongst other matters) to:

-- The likely consequences of any decision in the long term. The Group's long-term strategic objectives, including progress made during the year and principal risks to these objectives, are shown in the strategic report and the key performance indicators.

-- The interests of the Company's employees. Our employees are fundamental to us achieving our long-term strategic objectives.

-- The impact of the Company's operations on the community and the environment. The Group operates honestly and transparently. We consider the impact on the environment on our day-to-day operations and how we can minimise this.

-- The desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct. Our intention is to behave in a responsible manner, operating within the high standard of business conduct and good corporate governance.

-- The need to act fairly as between members of the Company. Our intention is to behave responsibly towards our shareholders and treat them fairly and equally so that they may benefit from the successful delivery of our strategic objectives.

Share capital

Premier's shares are publicly traded on AIM with the stock ticker of PREM. As at 31 December 2021, the Company's issued share capital consists of 19,418,009,831 (note 19) Ordinary Shares of no par value.

The company does not hold any Ordinary Shares in treasury.

Major Shareholders

As at 30 June 2022 the Company was aware of the following persons who hold, directly or indirectly, voting rights representing 3% or more of the issued share capital of the Company to which voting rights are attached:

 
 Name                                         Number of Ordinary Shares   % Issued Share Capital 
 Suzhou TA&A Ultra Clean Technology Co. Ltd         3,000,000,000                         13.38% 
  George Roach* 
  James Goozee(#)                                   1,597,514,207                           7.1% 
                                                    1,219,537,846                           5.4% 
 

* George Roach and/or structures associated with G Roach.

(#) James Goozee and/or his wife Mrs. Elizabeth Goozee.

There are no restrictions on the transfer of the Company's AIM securities.

_____________________

George Roach

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

30 June 2022

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

Premier is committed to maintaining the highest standards in corporate governance throughout its operations and to ensure all its practices are conducted transparently, morally, and efficiently. Therefore, and in accordance with the AIM Rules for Companies (March 2018), Premier will seek to comply with the provisions of The UK Corporate Governance Code July 2016, as published by the Financial Reporting Council Limited, to the extent the Board consider appropriate, given the Company's size, stage of development and resources (the "Code").

Throughout the Reporting Period, the Company has continued to adhere to this Code and the following statement sets out how the Company complies or otherwise departs from the principles of the Code.

Premier constantly seeks to maintain the highest levels of corporate governance whereby the Company ensures that a periodic review of the Company's corporate governance is done. Following this recent review, there have been no corporate governance issues identified by Premier.

Accordingly, the Company has established specific committees and implemented certain policies, to ensure that:

-- It is led by an experienced Board which is collectively responsible for the long-term success of the Company.

-- The Board and the committees have the appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence, and knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respective duties and responsibilities effectively.

-- The Board establish a formal and transparent arrangement for considering how it applies the corporate reporting, risk management and internal control principles and for maintaining an appropriate relationship with the Company's auditors.

   --      There is a dialogue with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objectives. 

During the year, the board of directors held one formal board meeting that was attended by all members in office. Due to the ongoing medical issues pertaining to one of the members of the board of directors, the board of directors have elected to hold a number of informal virtual board calls with the attendance of most of the directors in office to discuss the operations of the Company. Since the year end, the board continued to implement the policy of holding informal board calls as so required and is also in the process of actively looking to strengthen the board of directors. The various committees of the Company have continued to meet from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the Company's ongoing operations.

In addition, the Company has adopted a comprehensive suite of policies including:

   --      Anti-corruption and bribery. 
   --      Health and safety. 
   --      Environment and community. 
   --      IT, communications, and systems. 
   --      social media. 

The Code follows 5 Main Principles, which are herein assessed in accordance with Premier commitment to maintain the highest levels of corporate governance.

   1.    Leadership 

The Role of the Board of Directors

The Board is responsible for the management of the business of the Company, setting its strategic direction and establishing appropriate policies. It is the Directors' responsibility to oversee the financial position of the Company and monitor its business and affairs on behalf of the Shareholders, to whom they are accountable. The primary duty of the Board is always to act in the best interests of the Company. The Board also addresses issues relating to internal control and risk management. The Non-executive Directors bring a wide range of skills and experience to the Company, as well as independent judgment on strategy, risk, and performance. The Non-executive Directors are considered by the Board to be independent at the date of this report. To achieve its objectives, the Board strictly adheres to the Code.

The Board meets at least three times a year with supplementary meetings held as required. The agenda for the Board meetings is prepared jointly by the Chairman and CEO. The Board maintains annual rolling plan ("Agenda") of items for discussion to ensure that all matters reserved for the Board, with other items as appropriate, are addressed. The agenda, with all accompanying documents, generally includes the following:

   --      Review of previous minutes. 
   --      Discussion on various project activities and market conditions. 
   --      Management Accounts and Financial position. 
   --      Corporate Matters. 
   --      Other business matters that Board members can freely raise beyond the defined Agenda. 

The Annual Accounts of Premier best reflects the Board key types of decisions that the Board are required to take in their pursuant of maintaining the highest levels of corporate governance. The following matters are reserved for the Board.

   --      Strategy, Policy and Management. 
   --      Group Structure and capital requirements. 
   --      Financial reporting and controls. 
   --      Internal and External controls. 
   --      Transactions and Commercial Contracts including delegation authority. 
   --      Board structure. 
   --      Corporate governance matters. 

Premier has established varies committees to assist the Board in maintain the highest levels of corporate governance. Of these committees, the following two strongly assist the decision making of the Board.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee ("AC"), which comprises of George Roach and is chaired by Godfrey Manhambara, is responsible for the appointment of auditors and the audit fee, and for ensuring that the financial performance of the Company is properly monitored and reported. The Audit Committee, inter alia, meets with the Company's external auditor and its senior financial management to review the annual and interim financial statements of the Company, oversees the Company's accounting and financial reporting processes, the Company's internal accounting controls and the resolution of issues identified by the Company's auditors.

Other key aspects of the AC include:

-- Reviewing the Company's accounting policies and reports produced by internal and external audit functions.

-- Considering whether the Company has followed appropriate accounting standards and made appropriate estimates and judgements, considering the views of the external auditor.

-- Reporting its views to the board of directors if it is not satisfied with any aspect of the proposed financial reporting by the Company.

-- Reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company's internal financial controls and internal control and risk management systems.

-- Reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company's anti-money laundering systems and controls for the prevention of bribery and receive reports on non-compliance.

   --      Overseeing the appointment of and the relationship with the external auditor. 

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee comprises of George Roach and chaired by Godfrey Manhambara. The Remuneration Committee assumes general responsibility for assisting the Board in respect of remuneration policies for Premier. The Committee reviews and recommends remuneration strategies for the Company and proposals relating to compensation for the Company's officers, directors and consultants and assesses the performance of the officers of the Company in fulfilling their responsibilities and meeting corporate objectives. It has the responsibility for, inter alia, administering share and cash incentive plans and programmes for Directors and employees and for approving (or making recommendations to the Board on) share and cash awards for Directors and employees.

The Committee is satisfied that the advice received has been objective and independent as at the date of this report.

The Division of Responsibility of the Board of Directors

It is important that the Board itself contains the right mix of skills and experience to deliver the strategy of the Company. The roles of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") are currently exercised by the same person - following the resignation of Neil Herbert in April 2022, George Roach agreed to act, for a limited time, as interim chairman. There is no one individual or group of individuals on the Board that have unfettered powers of discretion nor is there any undue influence in the collective decision-making ability of the Board.

The responsibilities of the Chairman, CEO and Non-executive director are set out in writing and are review by the Board annually to ensure that it remains relevant and accurate. In brief summary, they are responsible as follows:

-- The Chairman's role is to lead and manage the Board and play a role in facilitating the discussion of the Company's strategy, as set by the Board. And to effectively promote the success of the Company.

-- The CEO's role, including the role of the Technical Director, is the responsibility of the day-to-day management of the Company's operational activities, and for the proper execution of the stagey as set by the Board.

-- The Non-executive directors, act as a member of the unitary Board, however, they are required to constructively challenge performance of management and help develop proposals on strategy, agreeing of goals and the Company key objectives.

   2.    Effectiveness 

The Composition of the Board

The Board and its committees should have the appropriate balance of skills, experience, independence, and knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respective duties and responsibilities effectively.

As such, the Board has been structured to ensure that correct mix of skills and experience are in place to allow it to operate effectively:

-- A Chairman (George Roach on an interim basis), whose primary responsibility to lead and manage the Board. This remains vital in the delivery of the Company's corporate governance model. The Chairman has a clear separation from the day-to-day business of the Company which allows him to make independent decisions.

-- a CEO (George Roach), whose primary focus is communicating, on behalf of the Company, with shareholders, government entities, and the public. Leading the development of the Company's short- and long-term strategy.

-- a Technical Director (Wolfgang Hampel), whose is responsible for leading, co-ordinating and optimising the performance of both mining and exploration services. With a further responsibility for geological and mine planning activities, his role is critical in ensuring the quality and efficiency of Premier geology, and

   --      one independent Non-Executive Director (Godfrey Manhambara). 

The Code requires that a smaller company (and which the Company is under the Code) should have at least two independent non-executive directors. Godfrey Manhambara is independent under the Code. The Board also regards Wolfgang Hampel as independent, notwithstanding that he participates in the Company's share option plan and provides some technical advice to the board. The Board is satisfied that Wolfgang Hampel acts independently irrespective of these interests. The Board also notes that no single individual will dominate decision making and further notes that there has been sufficient challenge of executive management at meetings of the Board thereby confirming that the Board is capable of operating effectively.

The Board has not appointed a senior Finance Director but is actively seeking for the appropriate candidate. However, the board does engage the services of Tomas Apetauer who is a chartered accountant with extensive audit and financial management experience. Additionally, the Company has a Company Secretary in the UK who assists the Chairman and CEO in preparing for and running effective board meetings, including the timely dissemination of appropriate information. The Company Secretary provides advice and guidance to the extent required by the Board on the legal and regulatory environment.

The Nomination Committee ("NC") has been established to regularly review and ensure that the Board has the appropriate balance of skills, experience, and knowledge of the Company. NC meets as required to consider the composition of and succession planning for the Board, and to lead the process of appointments to the Board. The Committee is made up of George Roach and Wolfgang Hampel and is chaired by George Roach.

Other key aspects of the NC include:

-- regularly reviewing the structure, size, and composition (including the skills, knowledge, experience, and diversity) of the board and make recommendations to the board about any changes, succession planning and vacancies; and

-- identifying suitable candidates from a wide range of backgrounds to be considered for positions on the board.

Appointments to the Board

The appointment of new Directors to the Board is led by the NC who has the responsibility for nominating candidates for appointment. Both the NC and Board considers the need for diversity, including equality, and that the new directors must exhibit the required skills, experience, knowledge, and independence.

The Board acknowledges that the Company is not in compliance with the Code whereby the NC should comprise a majority of independent directors. The Board considers that the NC has a strong enough independent component with Godfrey Manhambara.

Commitment

The Board requires that all directors should be able to allocate sufficient time to the Company to discharge their responsibilities in accordance their letter of appointment. The Company maintains records of each letter of appointment, which can be inspected at an agreed time, at the Company's registered office.

The NC is responsible for considering on an annual basis, whether each director is able to devote sufficient time to their duties.

Development

All directors are required to familiarise themselves with the Board and should regularly update and refresh their skills and knowledge. The Company provides each joining director with an induction on the Company. Each induction is tailored to the specific background and requirements of the new director. In general, the induction contains information on:

   --      Structures and operations. 
   --      Board procedures. 
   --      Corporate Governance. 
   --      Details regarding their duties and responsibilities. 

Information and Support

As Premier constantly seeks to maintain the highest levels of corporate governance, it is imperative that information is supplied to the Board in a form and of a quality appropriate to enable the Board to discharge its duties in a timely manner. The supply of the information is done by the Chairman with the assistance of the Company Secretary.

Premier encourage all Board members to seek independent professional advice (at the reasonable expense of the Company) in the furtherance of their duties. The Board is given sufficient opportunity to meet with any manager, consultant, or contractor to gain further insight into Premier.

Evaluation

The Board recognises that it should undertake a formal and rigorous annual evaluation of its own performance, that of its committees and individual directors.

The evaluation of the Board's performance is an assessment of the following key factors:

   --      The Board structure. 
   --      The Board's performance. 
   --      The Board business strategy. 
   --      Financial reporting and controls. 
   --      Performance monitoring. 
   --      Supporting and advisory roles. 

The Board is not in compliance with the Code as the evaluation process is usually conducted internally due to the size and complexity of the operations of the Company. Furthermore, the Board believes that internal assessment best help identify the key strength and weaknesses to allow for effective evaluation. The Board will continue to assess the internal review process against the growth of the Company as should the Company grow in size it may consider getting an independent assessment.

Re-election

The Board believe that all directors should be submitted for re-election at regular intervals, subject to the continued satisfactory performance of the Company.

The Director longest in office since their last appointment is required to retire by rotation or stand for reappointment at the Annual General Meeting ("AGM").

   3.    Accountability 

Financial and Business reporting

A key duty of the Board is to oversee the financial affairs of the Company. The Financial Statements is the Board's primary means of presenting a fair, balanced and understandable assessment of the Company's positions that also best provides the information necessary to allow shareholders to assess the Company's performance, business model and strategy for that period.

You can view Premier Annual Report and Financial Statements on the Company's webpage at the following address, www.premierafricanminerals.com . Under the Strategic Review section of the Company's Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended December 2021, the Board set outs the strategic objectives of the Company, how these will be delivered, Premier business model and how the Company will generate and preserve value over the longer term for shareholders.

The Board have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operations or existence for the foreseeable future thus continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its Annual Report and Financial Statements. Refer to note 5 to the financial statements.

Risk Management and Internal Control

The Board is responsible for determining the nature and extent of the significant risks it is willing to take in achieving its strategic objectives. The Board manages the risk through the implementation of internal control systems.

The Board has identified the following as some of the risks and their mitigation:

-- Credit Risk: Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets, including cash, receivables, and balances receivable from the government. The Company limits the exposure to credit risk in its cash by only investing its cash with high-credit quality financial institutions in business and savings accounts, guaranteed investment certificates and in government treasury bills which are available on demand by the Company for its programs.

-- Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have the resources to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company manages this risk by closely monitoring cash forecasts and managing resources to ensure that it will have enough liquidity to meet its obligations.

-- Operating Risks: The activities of the Company are subject to all of the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploring and developing natural resource projects. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to environmental hazards, industrial accidents, Covid-19, labour disputes, geo-political risks, encountering unusual or unexpected geologic formations or other geological or grade problems, unanticipated changes in rock formation characteristics and mineral recovery, encountering unanticipated ground or water conditions, land slips, flooding, periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions and other acts of God or un-favourable operating conditions and losses. The Company manages the risk by closing monitoring operations and maintaining adequate insurance cover.

-- Early-stage Business Risk: The Board manages this risk by monitoring cash levels and reviewing cash flow forecasts on a regular basis.

-- Market Risk (exchange rates, commodity, and equity): Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices. The Company manages the risk by closing monitoring exchange rates, commodity, and equity markets. The Company further engages consultants to undertake commodity forecasts.

-- Interest Rate Risk: The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that its cash balances bear variable rates of interest. The interest rate risks on cash and short-term investments and on the Company's, obligations are not considered significant and is not mitigated at this time.

-- Foreign Currency Risk: The Company is exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates against the Company's functional currency, which is the United States dollar ("USD"). The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations.

-- Environmental Risks and Hazards: All phases of the Company's operations are subject to environmental regulation in the areas in which it operates. The Board manages this risk by working with environmental consultants and by engaging with the relevant governmental departments and other concerned stakeholders.

-- Licencing Risk: The Company's exploration and development activities are dependent upon the grant of appropriate licences, concessions, leases, permits and regulatory consents which may be withdrawn or made subject to limitations or performance criteria. Such licences and permits are as a practical matter subject to the discretion of the applicable Government or Government office. The Group must comply with known standards, existing laws and regulations that may entail greater or lesser costs and delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted. The interpretations, amendments to existing laws and regulations, or more stringent enforcement of existing laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on the Group's results of operations and financial condition. Whilst the Company continually seeks to do everything within its control to ensure that the terms of each licence are met and adhered to, third parties may seek to exploit any technical breaches in licence terms for their own benefit. There is a risk that negotiations with a Government in relation to the grant, renewal or extension of a licence may not result in the grant, renewal or extension taking effect prior to the expiry of the previous licence period, and there can be no assurance of the terms of any extension, renewal, or grant.

-- Political and Regulatory Risk: The Company operating activities in Africa, notably in Zimbabwe, and Namibia, are subject to laws and regulations governing expropriation of property, health and worker safety, employment standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, mine development, land and water use, prospecting, mineral production, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational health standards, toxic wastes, the protection of endangered and protected species and other matters. The Group is dependent on the political and economic situation in these countries and may be adversely impacted by political factors such as expropriation, war, terrorism, insurrection, and changes to laws governing mineral exploration and operations.

-- Internal Control and Financial Risk Management: The Board has overall responsibility for the Group's systems of internal control and for reviewing their effectiveness. The Group maintains systems which are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material loss and to manage rather than eliminate risk.

The Board has overall responsibility for maintaining and reviewing the Group's system of internal control and ensuring that the controls are robust and effective in enabling risks to be appropriately assessed and managed.

Refer to the principal risks and uncertainties as set out in the Strategic Report for additional information on these risks.

On behalf of the Board, the AC conducts an annual review of the effectiveness of the systems of internal control including financial, operational and compliance controls and risk management systems.

Audit Committee and Auditors

The functions of the AC are clearly described as part of the Leadership function in this note.

Whilst the Board sets the Company risk appetite, it reviews the operations and effectiveness of the Company's risk management activities through the AC, which undertake the day-to-day oversight of the risk management framework on behalf of the Board. The Chairman of the AC regularly provides an update on the work carried out by the AC to the board.

It is noted that the AC follow the recommendations of the Code whereby they monitor and review the effectiveness of the internal audit activities. However, at this time, the Board have determined that the appointment of internal auditor is not required due to the size of the Company.

   4.    Remuneration 

The Level and Components of Remuneration

Executive directors' remuneration should be designed to promote the long-term success of the Company. Performance-related elements should be transparent, stretching and rigorously applied. The Board delegates the responsibility for setting the appropriate levels of remuneration for its directors to the Remuneration Committee.

The levels of Remuneration to directors are disclosed to shareholders in Premier Annual Report and Financial Statements. Both the Board and Remuneration Committee seek to provide appropriate reward for the skill and time commitment required so at to retain the right calibre of director at a cost to the Company and which reflects the current market rates.

Procedure

The Board have a formal and transparent procedure for developing policy on the executive remuneration and for fixing the remuneration packages of individual directors. As strict policy, no director is involved in deciding their own remuneration.

The Remuneration Committee consider and approves the remuneration and where applicable, incentives and benefits, and makes recommendations to the Board. The Committee will also govern employee share schemes. The Chairman of the Committee will be consulted by the CEO in respect of the Company and director's performance approvals, compensation and in respect of any appointment/departures from roles.

The remuneration of non-executive directors shall be a matter for the executive members of the Board.

The Company has adopted a share dealing code to ensure directors and certain employees do not abuse, and do not place themselves under suspicion of abusing inside information of which they are in possession and to comply with its obligations under MAR which applies to the Company by virtue of its shares being traded on AIM. Furthermore, the Company's share dealing code is compliant with the AIM Rules for Companies published by the London Stock Exchange (as amended from time to time).

Under the share dealing code, the Company must:

-- Disclose all inside information to the public as soon as possible by way of market announcement unless certain circumstances exist in which the disclosure of the inside information may be delayed.

-- Keep a list of each person who is in possession of inside information relating to the Company.

-- Procure that all persons discharging managerial responsibilities and certain employees are given clearance by the Company before they are allowed to trade in Company securities; and

-- Procure that all persons discharging managerial responsibilities and persons closely associated to them notify both the Company and the Financial Conduct Authority of all trades in Company securities that they make.

Additionally, under the share dealing code, no person discharging managerial responsibilities is permitted to deal in Company securities (whether directly or through an investment manager) during a closed period; being the period either: from the end of the relevant financial year up to the release of the preliminary announcement of the Company's annual results; from the end of the relevant financial period up to the release of the Company's half-yearly financial report or; 30 calendar days before the release of each of the Company's first quarter report and third quarter report.

For details of the directors' remuneration refer to note 28.

   5.    Relations with Shareholders 

Dialogue with shareholders

The Company recognises that maintaining strong communications with its shareholders promotes transparency and will drive value in the medium to long-term. Accordingly, the Company has an established programme to communicate with shareholders. This done by providing regular updates on the progress of the Company, detailing recent business and strategy developments, in news releases which will be posted on the Company's website and through certain social media channels.

The Disclosure Committee which comprises of George Roach and Wolfgang Hampel and is chaired by Wolfgang Hampel is in place to assist the Board with the dialogue between the Company and its shareholders. The Disclosure Committee assumes general responsibility for approval and monitoring compliance with the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. It has the responsibility, inter alia, determining whether information is inside information, deciding whether the inside information is to be announced as soon as possible and reviewing the scope, content, and accuracy of disclosure. The Company has adopted a share dealing code governing the share dealings of the Directors and applicable employees during close periods and is in accordance with Rule 21 of the AIM Rules.

The Chairman and CEO are contactable via email. Their email address can be obtained at either the Company's registered office or by requesting them at the below address. To continually improve transparency, the Board would be delighted to receive feedback from shareholders. Communications should be directed to [e-mail] . The CEO has been appointed to manage the relationship between the Company and its shareholders and will review and report to the Board on any communications received.

Constructive Use of General Meetings

The Company holds AGM each year, whereby all of the directors aim to attend the AGM and value the opportunity of welcoming individual shareholders and other investors to communicate directly and address their questions.

In addition to the mandatory information required and procedures to calling a general meeting, which can be found under the Company's constitutional documents on the webpage, the Board ensure that a full, fair, and balanced explanation of business of all general meetings is sent in advance to shareholders.

Statement of directors' responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and financial statements and have prepared the Group financial statements in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards in order to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of its profit or loss for that period, in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM.

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to:

   --      select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently. 
   --      make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent. 

-- state whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards , subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

-- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and the Group will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping records that are sufficient to show and explain the Group and Company's transactions and will, at any time, enable the financial position of the Group and Company to be determined with reasonable accuracy. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company's website. Legislation in the British Virgin Islands governing the preparation and dissemination of the Company's financial statements and other information included in the annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

The directors consider this Annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced, understandable, and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company's position, performance, business model and strategy.

Statement of disclosure to auditor

The directors who were in office at the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed that, as far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware. Each of the directors has confirmed that they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor.

Viability statement and going concern

The Board has assessed the prospects of the Group over a period of 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements, involving a review of the Group's forecast prepared for the 12 months ending 30 June 2023. and taking account of the Board's intentions for future activities after that date. As explained further in note 5, taking account of the Group's current position and principal risks, over a 12 month period, the Board has a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over that period.

The Board considers these periods of assessment to be appropriate because they contextualise the Company's financial position, business model and strategy.

George Roach

Acting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

30 June 2022

INDEPENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PREMIER AFRICAN MINERALS LIMITED

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Premier African Minerals Ltd (the 'Group') for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated statements of cash flows, the consolidated statements of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards.

In our opinion the financial statements,

-- give a true and fair view of the state of the group's affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the group's performance for the year then ended;

-- have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards; and

-- the group's financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards;

-- the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director's use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors ' assessment of the entity's ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included:

-- a review of management's budgets and cashflow forecasts for the 12 months from proposed sign off date;

-- a review of the inputs and assumptions utilised in the budgets and cashflow forecasts taking into account our knowledge of the group and its levels of operating cashflows;

   --              stress testing of the forecasted cashflows; 

-- a review of the cash balances held by the group at year end date and at sign-off date.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

An overview of the scope of our audit

As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective judgments, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

How we tailored the audit scope

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate.

The Group financial statements are a consolidation of 3 reporting units, comprising the Group's operating businesses. The Group comprises the parent undertaking, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, its principal operating subsidiaries, RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited and Zulu Lithium (Private) Limited, and eleven non-trading or intermediate holding companies, of which seven are registered in Mauritius, seven in Zimbabwe and three in Australia. A full scope audit to Group materiality levels was performed on the parent undertaking and the trading companies as well as their immediate holding companies. This resulted in 100% coverage of consolidated expenditures and 100% of the Group's gross assets.

We performed audits of the complete financial information of the Group reporting units, which were individually financially significant and accounted for 100% of the Group's absolute profit before tax (i.e. the sum of the numerical values without regard to whether they were profits or losses for the relevant reporting units). We also performed specified audit procedures over certain account balances and transaction classes that we regarded as material to the Group at the 3 reporting units.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.

 
 Key audit matters                            How our audit addressed the key 
                                               audit matter 
 Valuation of the rehabilitation              Valuation of the rehabilitation 
  provision                                    provision 
  The Group has recognised a rehabilitation    We have understood and assessed 
  provision, under IAS 37 - contingent         the inputs in calculation of the 
  liabilities and contingent assets,           liability. These were based on 
  of $362,000 (2020: $153,000),                the original environmental impact 
  in relation to the future costs              assessment as carried out in 2015. 
  to rehabilitate the current mines            We have also verified that there 
  as per regulation.                           were no applicable changes to 
  The directors are required to                the regulations which would increase 
  assess the provision at the end              the liability and have reviewed 
  of each reporting period and adjust          calculations for the unwinding 
  to reflect their best estimates              of the provision. 
  of the liability. 
  The directors consider the liability 
  to be sufficient due to the value 
  of the RGTS (Zimbabwe currency) 
  against the Dollar. 
 Fair value of investments                    Fair value of investments 
  The Group has recognised Investments         We have clarified that the MNH 
  of $8,342,000 (2020: $8,342,000)             shares were valued at the basis 
  as at the reporting date.                    of the latest share transactions 
  Directors are required to assess 
  the fair value of investments 
  at each reporting date under IFRS 
  9. 
  As neither Circum nor MNH are 
  traded on an active market a level 
  3 valuation technique was used. 
  The shareholding was based on 
  the most recent placing of the 
  shares in the respective companies, 
  as well as management's best estimates 
  of the fair values. 
 

Our application of materiality

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgment, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows:

 
                        Group financial statements 
---------------------  --------------------------- 
 Overall materiality       $90,000 (2020: $75,000) 
 How we determined              1% of Gross assets 
  it 
 
 
 Rationale for benchmark   We believe that the gross 
  applied                   assets is a primary measure 
                            used by shareholders in 
                            assessing the performance 
                            of the Group, as the group 
                            is at a pre-revenue stage 
                            and is asset heavy. 
 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above $4,500 (2020: $3,750) as well as misstatements below those amounts that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters that we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:

-- adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

   --   the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
   --   certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
   --   we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement as set out on page 23, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:

-- the senior statutory auditor ensured the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

-- we focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on the financial statements or the operations of the Group.

-- we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making enquiries of management and inspecting legal correspondence; and

-- identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit.

We assessed the susceptibility of the Group's financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining an understanding of how fraud might occur, by:

-- making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud;

-- considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations.

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:

   --     performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships; 
   --     tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions; 

-- assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates set out in Note 2 were indicative of potential bias;

   --     investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions. 

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures which included, but were not limited to:

   --     agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation; 
   --     reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; 
   --     enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; 
   --     Obtaining confirmation of compliance from the Company's legal advisors. 

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.

This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of this report

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement letter. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the Company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Sanjay Parmar

Senior Statutory Auditor

For and on behalf of

Jeffreys Henry LLP, Statutory Auditor

Finsgate, 5-7 Cranwood Street,

London EC1V 9EE

30 June 2022

 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
  POSITION 
 AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 
 
 EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS                             2021       2020 
                                         Notes      $ 000      $ 000 
 ASSETS 
 Non-current assets 
 Intangible assets                         8        4 686        120 
 Investments                               9        8 342      8 342 
 Property, plant and equipment            10          139          - 
 Loans Receivable                         11          859          - 
                                                   14 026      8 462 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 Current assets 
 Inventories                              12            -          1 
 Trade and other receivables              13          386          7 
 Cash and cash equivalents                14          963        727 
                                                    1 349        735 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 TOTAL ASSETS                                      15 375      9 197 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 
 LIABILITIES 
 Non-current liabilities 
 Financial lease liabilities              15            -          - 
 Deferred tax                             26            -          - 
 Provisions - rehabilitation              16          362        153 
                                                      362        153 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 Current liabilities 
 Trade and other payables                 17          586        505 
 Financial lease liabilities              15            -          - 
 Borrowings                               18          180          - 
                                                      766        505 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 TOTAL LIABILITIES                                  1 128        658 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 
 NET ASSETS                                        14 247      8 539 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 
 EQUITY 
 Share capital                            19       56 113     52 504 
 Share based payment and warrant 
  reserve                                 20        2 366      2 366 
 Revaluation reserve                                  711        711 
 Foreign currency translation reserve      7     (13 235)   (13 181) 
 Accumulated loss                                (19 399)   (22 135) 
 Total equity attributed to the 
  owners of the parent company                     26 556     20 265 
 Non-controlling interest                 21     (12 309)   (11 726) 
 
 TOTAL EQUITY                                      14 247      8 539 
                                                ---------  --------- 
 

These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on 30 June 2022 and are signed on its behalf.

George Roach

Chief Executive Officer

The notes on pages 33 to 83 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE 
  INCOME 
 AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 
 
 Continuing operations                                            2021      2020 
 EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS                               Notes     $ 000     $ 000 
 
 Revenue                                                22           -         - 
 Cost of sales excluding depreciation and                            -         - 
  amortisation                                          23 
 
 Gross profit / (loss)                                               -         - 
 Administrative expenses                                24     (2 366)   (1 274) 
 
 Operating profit / (loss)                                     (2 366)   (1 274) 
                                                              --------  -------- 
                                                        8, 
 Depreciation and amortisation                           10       (14)         - 
 Other Income                                           22         133        81 
 Reversal of Impairment of Intangible assets 
  - Zulu Lithium                                        10       4 563         - 
 Impairment of intangible assets - RHA Tungsten         10           -       (3) 
 Finance charges                                        25        (18)      (82) 
                                                                 4 664       (4) 
                                                              --------  -------- 
 Profit / (Loss) before income tax                               2 298   (1 278) 
 Income tax expense                                     26           -         - 
                                                              --------  -------- 
 Profit / (Loss) from continuing operations                      2 298   (1 278) 
 
 Loss for the year                                               2 298   (1 278) 
 Other comprehensive income: 
 Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently 
  to profit or loss: 
 Foreign exchange loss on translation                    7       (199)      (55) 
 Fair value movement on available-for-sale                           -         - 
  investment 
                                                              --------  -------- 
                                                                 (199)      (55) 
 Total comprehensive income for the year                         2 099   (1 333) 
                                                              --------  -------- 
 
 Loss attributable to: 
 Owners of the Company                                           2 736     (854) 
 Non-controlling interests                                       (438)     (424) 
                                                                 2 298   (1 278) 
                                                              --------  -------- 
 
 Total comprehensive income attributable 
  to: 
 Owners of the Company                                           2 682     (886) 
 Non-controlling interests                                       (583)     (447) 
 
 Total comprehensive income for the year                         2 099   (1 333) 
                                                              --------  -------- 
 
 Loss per share attributable to owners of the parent 
  (expressed in US cents) 
 Basic loss per share                                   27        0.01    (0.01) 
 Diluted loss per share                                 27        0.01    (0.01) 
 
 

The notes on pages 33 to 83 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
 CHANGES 
 IN EQUITY 
 FOR THE YEARED 31 
 DECEMBER 
 2021 
 
                               Share 
                              option                     Foreign                        Total 
                                 and                    currency                 attributable   Non-controlling 
                     Share   warrant   Revaluation   translation   Accumulated      to owners          interest     Total 
                   capital   reserve       reserve       reserve          loss      of parent           ("NCI")    equity 
 EXPRESSED IN 
  US DOLLARS         $ 000     $ 000         $ 000         $ 000         $ 000          $ 000             $ 000     $ 000 
                 ---------  --------  ------------  ------------  ------------  -------------  ----------------  -------- 
 At 1 January 
  2020              48 042     2 366           711      (13 149)      (21 281)         16 689          (11 279)     5 410 
 Loss for the 
  period                 -         -             -             -         (854)          (854)             (424)   (1 278) 
 Other 
  comprehensive 
  income for 
  the period             -         -             -          (32)             -           (32)              (23)      (55) 
 Total 
  comprehensive 

  income for 
  the period             -         -             -          (32)         (854)          (886)             (447)   (1 333) 
 Transactions 
 with Owners 
 Issue of 
  equity shares      4 558         -             -             -             -          4 558                 -     4 558 
 Share issue 
  costs               (96)         -             -             -             -           (96)                 -      (96) 
 Warrant                 -         -             -             -             -                                - 
 options 
 cancelled                                                                                  -                           - 
 Share based             -         -             -             -             -                                - 
 payments                                                                                   -                           - 
 At 31 December 
  2020              52 504     2 366           711      (13 181)      (22 135)         20 265          (11 726)     8 539 
 Loss for the 
  period                 -         -             -             -         2 736          2 736             (438)     2 298 
 Other 
  comprehensive 
  income for 
  the period             -         -             -          (54)             -           (54)             (145)     (199) 
 Total 
  comprehensive 
  income for 
  the period             -         -             -          (54)         2 736          2 682             (583)     2 099 
 Transactions 
 with Owners 
 Issue of 
  equity shares      3 839         -             -             -             -          3 839                 -     3 839 
 Share issue 
  costs              (230)         -             -             -             -          (230)                 -     (230) 
 Warrant                 -         -             -             -             -                                - 
 options 
 cancelled                                                                                  -                           - 
 Share based             -         -             -             -             -                                - 
 payments                                                                                   -                           - 
 At 31 December 
  2021              56 113     2 366           711      (13 235)      (19 399)         26 556          (12 309)    14 247 
                 ---------  --------  ------------  ------------  ------------  -------------  ----------------  -------- 
 
 

The notes on pages 33 to 83 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
 FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2021 
 
                                                         2021      2020 
 EXPRESSED IN US DOLLARS                      Notes     $ 000     $ 000 
 
 
 Net cash outflow from operating 
  activities                                   29     (2 540)     (783) 
                                                     --------  -------- 
 
 Investing activities 
 
 Acquisition of property plant and 
  equipment                                    10       (154)       (4) 
 Loans advanced to investment                  13       (859)         - 
 Acquisition of subsidiaries, net 
  of cash acquired                             31           -     (120) 
 Acquisition of investment                      9           -     (898) 
 
 Net cash used in investing activities                (1 013)   (1 022) 
                                                     --------  -------- 
 
 Financing activities 
 Proceeds from borrowings granted              18         180       200 
 Net proceeds from issue of share 
  capital                                      19       3 609     2 343 
 Finance charges                               15           -       (1) 
 Repayment of finance lease                    15           -      (34) 
 
 Net cash from financing activities                     3 789     2 508 
                                                     --------  -------- 
 
 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents                236       703 
 
 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning 
  of year                                                 727        24 
 Net cash and cash equivalents at 
  end of year                                             963       727 
                                                     --------  -------- 
 
 
 

The notes on pages 33 to 83 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

   1.    Reporting entity 

Premier African Minerals Limited ('Premier' or 'the Company'), together with its subsidiaries (the 'Group'), was incorporated in the Territory of the British Virgin Islands under the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004. The address of the registered office is Craigmuir Chambers, PO Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.

The Group's operations and principal activities are the mining and development of mineral reserves on the African continent.

Premier's shares were admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's AIM market on 10 December 2012.

   2.            Basis of accounting 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (UK adopted International Accounting Standards). They were authorised for issue by the Company's board of directors on 30 June 2022.

Details of the Group's accounting policies are detailed below.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with EU adopted IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies.

The accounting policies set out below are applied consistent across the Group and to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.

Functional and presentation currency

The Group's presentation currency and the functional currency of the majority of the group's entities is

US dollars. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise indicated. The Zimbabwean subsidiaries' functional currency was changed by the Zimbabwean government from USD to RTGS dollar during the 2019 financial year. Refer to note 7 for detailed information.

Use of judgements and estimates

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group's accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.

For details of the use of judgments and estimates refer to note 4 and detailed notes on the Intangible assets and goodwill (note 8), Investments (note 9), Property, plant and equipment (note 10), Inventories (note 12), Trade and other receivables (note 13), Provision for rehabilitation (note 16) and Share based payment and warrant reserve (note 20).

   3.            Significant accounting policies 
   3.1          Change in significant accounting policies 

The group have implemented IFRS as adopted by UK. At the point of transition from IFRS as adopted by EU the underlying requirements were identical. The following standards, amendments and interpretations are new and effective for the year ended 31 December 2021 and have been adopted. None of the IFRS standards below had a material impact on the financial statements.

 
 Reference   Title              Summary                                   Application 
                                                                           date of standard 
                                                                           (Periods commencing 
                                                                           on or after) 
----------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS 3      Business           Amends the definition of a business 
              combinations       and whether a transaction is accounted         1 October 2020 
                                 for a business combination or 
                                 an asset acquisition. 
----------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 1       'Presentation      i) Use a consistent definition                  1 October 2020 
  and IAS     of Financial       of materiality throughout IFRSs 
  8           Statements'        and the Conceptual Framework for 
              and 'Accounting    Financial Reporting; 
              policies,          ii) Clarify the explanation of 
              changes in         the definition of material; and 
              accounting         iii) Incorporate some of the guidance 
              estimates          in IAS 1 about immaterial information. 
              and errors' 
----------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS 9,                        Interest rate benchmark reform                  1 October 2020 
  IAS 39                         - Phase 1. 
  and                            The phase 1 amendments provide 
  IFRS                           certain reliefs in connection 
  7                              with interest rate benchmark. 
                                 The reliefs relate to hedge accounting 
                                 and have the effect that IBOR 
                                 reform should not generally cause 
                                 hedge accounting to terminate. 
----------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 

The following new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations have been issued, but are not effective for the financial year beginning 1 January 2022 and have not been early adopted:

 
 Reference   Title              Summary                                      Application 
                                                                              date of standard 
                                                                              (Periods commencing 
                                                                              on or after) 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS 16     Leases             COVID-19 related rent concessions                    1 April 2021 
                                 Extension of the practical expedient 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS 4,                        Interest rate benchmark reform                     1 January 2021 
  IAS 7                          - Phase 2. 
  and                            The Phase 2 amendments address 
  IFRS                           issues that arise from the implementation 
  16                             of the reforms, including the 
                                 replacement of one benchmark with 
                                 an alternative one. The Phase 
                                 2 amendments provide additional 
                                 temporary reliefs from applying 
                                 specific IAS 39 and IFRS 9 hedge 
                                 accounting requirements to hedging 
                                 relationships directly affected 
                                 by IBOR reform. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS 3      Business           Updating a reference in IFRS 3                     1 January 2022 
              Combinations       to the Conceptual Framework for 
                                 Financial Reporting without changing 
                                 the accounting requirements for 
                                 business combinations. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 16      Property,          Prohibits a company from deducting                 1 January 2022 
              Plant and          from the cost of property, plant 
              Equipment          and equipment amounts received 
                                 from selling items produced while 
                                 the company is preparing the asset 
                                 for its intended use. Instead, 
                                 a company will recognise such 
                                 sales proceeds and related cost 
                                 in profit or loss. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 37      Provisions,        Specifies which costs a company                    1 January 2022 
              contingent         includes when assessing whether 
              liabilities        a contract will be loss-making. 
              and contingent 
              assets 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 1       Presentation       Clarifies that liabilities are                     1 January 2023 
              of Financial       classified as either current or 
              Statements         noncurrent, depending on the rights 
                                 that exist at the end of the reporting 
                                 period. Classification is unaffected 
                                 by the expectations of the entity 
                                 or events after the reporting 
                                 date (for example, the receipt 
                                 of a waiver or a breach of covenant). 
                                 The amendment also clarifies what 
                                 IAS 1 means when it refers to 
                                 the 'settlement' of a liability. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 1       'Presentation      Amendments to improve accounting                   1 January 2023 
  and IAS     of Financial       policy disclosures and to help 
  8           Statements'        users of the financial statements 
              and 'Accounting    to distinguish between changes 
              policies,          in accounting estimates and changes 
              changes in         in accounting policies. 
              accounting 
              estimates 
              and errors' 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IAS 12      Deferred           These amendments require companies                 1 January 2023 
              Taxation           to recognise deferred tax on transactions 
                                 that, on initial recognition give 
                                 rise to equal amounts of taxable 
                                 and deductible temporary differences. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 IFRS17      Insurance          This standard replaces IFRS 4,                     1 January 2023 
              contracts          which currently permits a wide 
                                 variety of practices in accounting 
                                 for insurance contracts. IFRS 
                                 17 will fundamentally change the 
                                 accounting by all entities that 
                                 issue insurance contracts and 
                                 investment contracts with discretionary 
                                 participation features. 
----------  -----------------  -------------------------------------------  --------------------- 
 

The Directors anticipate that the adoption of these standards and the interpretations in future periods will not have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group.

   3.2          Basis of consolidation 

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has the rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. The Group also assesses existence of control where it does not have more than 50% of the voting power but is able to govern the financial and operating policies by virtue of de-facto control. This is evidenced with RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited which the Group owns 49% of but is consolidated into the Group (note 4.7).

Subsidiaries are consolidated, using the acquisition method, from the date that control is gained and non-controlling interests are apportioned on a proportional basis.

When necessary, amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform to the Group's accounting policies.

   3.3          Business combinations and goodwill 

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquiree, and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date.

   3.4          Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases.

   3.5          Non-controlling interests ("NCI") 

Non-controlling interests are measured initially at their proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets at the date of acquisition.

Changes in the Group's interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

   3.6          Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group's interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

   3.7          Foreign currency 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group companies at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are generally recognised in profit or loss.

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated into dollars at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

Foreign currency differences are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI") and accumulated in the translation reserve, except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to NCI.

Where the functional currency of a company is in a hyperinflationary economy IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies is applied. Under this standard the results are restated to reflect the current cost of the various elements of the financial statements. For the Statement of comprehensive income the cost of sales and depreciation are recorded at current costs at the time of consumption; sales and other expenses are recorded at their money amounts when they occurred. Therefore all amounts need to be restated into the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period by applying a general price index.

Monetary items stated in the Statement of financial position that are stated at current cost are not restated because they are already expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. All non-monetary items in the statement of financial position are restated by applying an index at the time of their acquisition to the reporting date. Any resulting gain or loss on the net monetary position is included in profit or loss reserve.

In accordance with IAS29, corresponding figures for the previous reporting period, whether they were based on a historical cost approach or a current cost approach, are restated by applying a general price index so that the comparative financial statements are presented in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. Information that is disclosed in respect of earlier periods is also expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period.

When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary but retains control, then the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.

   3.8          Discontinued operation 

A discontinued operation is a component of the Group's business, the operations and cash flows of which can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Group and which:

   --    represents a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations; 

-- is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations; or

   --    is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re-sale. 

Classification as a discontinued operation occurs at the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale.

When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative statement of profit or loss and OCI is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative year.

   3.9          Revenue 

Performance obligations and service recognition policies

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer in line with IFRS 15. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over of goods or services to a customer.

The following table provides information about the nature and timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations in contracts with customers, including significant payment terms, and the related revenue recognition policies.

 
                     Nature and timing of satisfaction 
 Type of product/     of performance obligations, including   Revenue recognition 
  service             significant payment terms                under IFRS 15 
 Revenue 
 Wolframite          Customers obtain control of the          Revenue is recognised 
  sales               wolframite ore when the ore has          when the goods 
                      been delivered to and have been          are delivered and 
                      accepted at their premises or            have been accepted 
                      the agreed point of delivery.            by the customers 
                      Invoices are generated at that           at their premises 
                      point in time based on the agreed        or the agreed point 
                      upon weight of the ore. Invoices         of delivery. 
                      are generally payable within 
                      30 days. No discounts are provided 
                      for. 
                      The sale of the ore is not subject 
                      to a return policy. 
                    ---------------------------------------  ------------------------ 
 Scrap sales         Customers obtain control of the          Revenue is recognised 
                      scrap when the scrap has been            when the goods 
                      delivered to and have been accepted      are delivered and 
                      at their premises or the agreed          have been accepted 
                      point of delivery. Invoices are          by the customers 
                      generated at that point in time          at their premises 
                      based upon the agreed upon weight        or the agreed point 
                      of the scrap. Invoices are generally     of delivery. 
                      payable within 30 days. No discounts 
                      are provided for. 
                      The sale of the scrap is not 
                      subject to a return policy. 
                    ---------------------------------------  ------------------------ 
 Reserve Bank        The Export Incentive is provided         The Group gains 
  of Zimbabwe         on an individual basis and has           control over the 
  Export Incentive    to be applied for. It is based           export incentive 
                      on the export sales of the company.      when it is received 
                      As such the revenue from the             in the Group's 
                      RBZ is not guaranteed.                   bank accounts. 
                    ---------------------------------------  ------------------------ 
 Other Income 
 Government          The Group has no control over            The Group gains 
  Grants              the timing of the grants nor             control over the 
                      any payment terms.                       Government grant 
                                                               when it is received 
                                                               in the Group's 
                                                               bank accounts. 
                    ---------------------------------------  ------------------------ 
 Prescription        Management periodically reviews          Debts are considered 
  of debts            all outstanding payables and             prescribed if the 
                      identifies any potential debts           creditor has not 
                      that may have prescribed.                claimed payment 
                                                               for a period in 
                                                               excess of the relevant 
                                                               prescription period. 
                    ---------------------------------------  ------------------------ 
 
   3.10        Employee benefits 

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Share-based payment arrangements

The Group operates an equity-settled share option plan and issues warrants from time to time either with direct subscriptions in equity or as finance related packages. The fair value of the service received in exchange for the grant of options or issue of warrants is recognised as an expense or recognised as a deduction from equity or an addition to intangible assets depending on the nature of the services received.

Share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant date of equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group's estimate of shares that will eventually vest.

Fair value is measured by use of the Black Scholes model. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management's best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioural considerations.

Any adjustments are recognised through the profit and loss. The fair value is reassessed annually.

   3.11        Finance income and finance costs 

The Group's finance income and finance costs include:

   --      interest income; 
   --      Interest expense; 
   --      dividend income; 

Interest income and expense is recognised using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised in profit or loss on the date on which the Group's right to receive payment is established.

The "effective interest rate" is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

   --      the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or 
   --      the amortised cost of the financial liability. 

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset, if the asset is no-longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

   3.12        Income tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in OCI.

   3.12.1     Current tax 

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

   3.12.2     Deferred tax 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.

Deferred tax is not recognised for:

-- temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

-- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and -- taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

   3.13        Intangible assets and goodwill 

All costs of Exploration and Evaluation ("E&E") are initially capitalised as intangible assets, such as payments to acquire the legal right to explore, costs of technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploratory drilling and testing. The costs include directly attributable overheads together with the cost of other materials consumed during the exploration and evaluation phases.

Costs incurred prior to having obtained the legal rights to explore an area are expensed directly to profit or loss as they are incurred.

E&E assets are not amortised.

Intangible assets related to each exploration licence or pool of licences are carried forward, until the existence (or otherwise) of commercial reserves has been determined. Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is demonstrable, the related E&E assets are assessed for impairment on an individual licence or cost pool basis, as appropriate, as set out below and any impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

The Group considers each licence, or where appropriate, a pool of licences, separately, for the purposes of determining whether impairment of E&E assets has occurred.

Intangible assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed its recoverable amount. Such indicators include, but are not limited to, those situations outlined in paragraph 20 of IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources and include the point at which a determination is made as to whether or not commercial reserves exist.

When impairment indicators exist, the aggregate carrying value is compared against the expected recoverable amount, generally by reference to the present value of the future net cash flows expected to be derived from production of commercial reserves.

When a licence or pool of licences is abandoned or there is no planned future work, the costs associated with the respective licences are written off in full and recognised in profit or loss.

Any impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss and separately disclosed.

   3.14        Impairment 
   3.14.1     Non-derivative financial assets 

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is "credit-impaired" when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial assets have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

   --      significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer; 
   --      a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due; 

-- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise;

-- it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or

   --      the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties. 

A 12 months approach is followed in determining the Expected Credit Loss ("ECL").

Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognised in OCI.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Group has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. For corporate customers, the Group individually makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount of write-off based on whether there is a reasonable expectation of recovery from the amount written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group's procedures of recovery of the amounts due.

   3.14.2     Financial assets measured at amortised cost 

The Group considers evidence of impairment for these assets at both an individual asset and a collective level. All individually significant assets are individually assessed for impairment. Those found not to be impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet individually identified. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment. Collective assessment is carried out by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics.

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical information on the timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, and makes an adjustment if current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or lesser than suggested by historical trends.

An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Group considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.

   3.14.3     Available for sale financial asset 

Impairment losses on available-for-sale financial assets are recognised, only when fair value is less than carrying value and this is significant over a prolonged period, by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair value reserve to profit or loss. The amount reclassified is the difference between the acquisition cost (net of any principal repayment and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any impairment loss previously recognised in profit or loss.

   3.14.4     Non-financial assets 

At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets (other than inventories) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment.

For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less cost of disposal. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount.

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

   3.15        Cash and cash equivalents 

The Cash and cash equivalents comprises of cash at bank, cash on hand and other highly liquid investments with short term maturities. Cash and cash equivalents are measured at amortised cost. For the purposes of the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts.

   3.16        Inventory 

Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in, first-out principle. The cost of inventories includes the cost of consumables and cost of production. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.

Inventory consists of mining consumables.

   3.17        Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Group.

Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is generally recognised in profit or loss. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Land is not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment for current and comparative periods are as follows:

   --      Land - indefinite useful life 
   --      Buildings - 10 years 
   --      Plant & equipment - 4/6 years 
   --      Mine development - depreciated over the life of the mine, currently assessed at 10 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.

   3.18        Financial instruments 

The Group classifies non-derivative financial assets into the following categories: loans and receivables and FVTPL and FVTOCI financial assets.

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the following category: other financial liabilities.

3.18.1 Non-derivative financial assets and financial liabilities - Recognition and derecognition

The Group initially recognises loans and receivables on the date when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised on the trade date when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control over the transferred asset. Any interest in such derecognised financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or liability.

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. Gains or losses on derecognition of financial liabilities are recognised in profit or loss as a finance charge.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

   3.18.2     Loans and receivables- Measurement 

These assets are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

   3.18.3     Assets at FVOCI - Measurement 

These assets are initially measured at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value and changes therein, other than impairment losses, are recognised in OCI and accumulated in the revaluation reserve.

When these assets are derecognised, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss.

   3.18.4     Non-derivative financial liabilities - Measurement 

Other non-derivative financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, these liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

   3.18.5     Convertible loan notes and derivative financial instruments 

The presentation and measurement of loan notes for accounting purposes is governed by IAS 32 and IAS 39. These standards require the loan notes to be separated into two components:

   --      A derivative liability, and 
   --      A debt host liability. 

This is because the loan notes are convertible into an unknown number of shares, therefore failing the 'fixed-for-fixed' criterion under IAS 32. This requires the 'underlying option component' of the loan note to be valued first (as an embedded derivative), with the residual of the face value being allocated to the debt host liability (refer financial liabilities policy above).

Compound financial instruments issued by the Group comprise convertible notes denominated in dollars that can be converted to ordinary shares at the option of the holder, when the number of shares to be issued is fixed and does not vary with changes in fair value.

The liability component of compound financial instruments is initially recognised at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option. The equity component is initially recognised at the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.

Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument is not remeasured.

Interest related to the financial liability is recognised in profit or loss. On conversion at maturity, the financial liability is reclassified to equity and no gain or loss is recognised.

   3.19        Provisions - Rehabilitation 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

An obligation to incur environmental restoration, rehabilitation and decommissioning costs arises when disturbance is caused by the development or on-going production of a mining property. Such costs arising from the decommissioning of plant and other site preparation work, discounted to their net present value, are provided for and capitalised at the start of each project, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are recognised in profit or loss over the life of the operation, through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restoration of subsequent site damage which is created on an ongoing basis during production are provided for at their net present values and recognised in profit or loss as extraction progresses.

Changes in the measurement of a liability relating to the decommissioning of plant or other site preparation work (that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of the cash flow, or a change in the discount rate) are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset in the current period. If a decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss. If the asset value is increased and there is an indication that the revised carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment test is performed in accordance with the accounting policy above.

Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost in profit or loss.

   3.20        Equity 

Equity comprises the following:

-- Share capital - ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

   --    Share-options and warrant reserve - represents equity-settled share-based payments. 
   --    Accumulated loss represents retained profits less retained losses. 

-- Revaluation reserve represents the difference between the nominal value of shares issued by the Company to the shareholders of ZimDiv Holdings Limited ("Zimdiv") and the nominal value of the ZimDiv shares taken in exchange.

-- Non-controlling interests represents the share of retained profits less retained losses of the non-controlling interests.

-- Foreign currency translation reserve represents the other comprehensive income gains or losses arising on the conversion of the functional currencies of the subsidiaries to the holding company's functional currency of USD.

   3.21        Leases 

Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease.

At inception of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Group separates payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If the Group concludes for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Group's incremental borrowing rate.

Assets held under leases are recognised as assets of the Group at the fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between interest expense and capital redemption of the liability. Interest is recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive income unless attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised to the cost of those assets.

Exemptions are applied for short life leases and low value assets made under operating leases charged to the statement of comprehensive income on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

Payments made under non-capitalised leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.

Minimum lease payments made are apportioned between the finance expense and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

   3.22        Operating segments 

Segmental information is provided for the Group on the basis of information reported internally to the chief operating decision-maker for decision-making purposes. The Group considers that the role of chief operating decision-maker is performed by the Group's board of directors.

   4.            Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions 

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group's accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.

   4.1.         Judgements 

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

   -     Note 4.7 - consolidation: whether the Group has de facto control over an investee; and 
   -     Note 15 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease. 
   4.2.         Assumptions and estimation uncertainties 

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the year ended 31 December 2021 is included in the following notes:

-- Note 26 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used;

-- Note 4.4 - Recoverability of exploration and evaluation assets: key assumptions underlying recoverable amounts;

-- Note 4.5 - Recoverability of RHA Cash-Generating Unit "CGU": key assumptions underlying recoverable amounts;

-- Note 16 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources; and

-- Note 20 - share based payments assumptions regarding the various inputs into the Black Scholes model used to determine the option value.

--

   4.3.         Measurement of fair values 

A number of the Group's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

   --    Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

-- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

-- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Group recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

   --    Note 20 - share-based payment arrangements; 
   --    Note 30 - financial instruments. 
   4.4          Recoverability of exploration and evaluation assets 

Determining whether an exploration and evaluation asset is impaired requires an assessment of whether there are any indicators of impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources. If there is any indication of potential impairment, an impairment test is required based on value in use of the asset or fair value less cost to sell.

The carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets at 31 December 2021 amounted to $4.566 million (2020: $nil). Refer to note 8 for the assumptions used.

   4.5          Recoverability of RHA Cash-Generating Unit "CGU" 

Determining whether a CGU is impaired requires an assessment of whether there are any indicators of impairment, including by reference to specific impairment indicators prescribed in IAS36 Impairment of Assets. If there is any indication of potential impairment, an impairment test is required based on the greater of fair value less cost of disposal, and, value in use of the asset. The value in use calculation requires the entity to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value.

During 2017 the operating losses at RHA were higher than predicted due to operations in the open pit and underground failing to deliver both the ore volumes and the anticipated grade. The operating losses are an indicator of potential impairment. In December 2017, due to the lower ore delivery, anticipated grade and operating losses, the Board of Directors decided to place the RHA Tungsten mine under care and maintenance.

As a result, management completed an impairment review.

The impairment review concluded that four months further capex will be required in order to open the existing underground mining of 6 000 tons per month run of mine ore. Concurrently additional plant upgrades and a connection to the national grid would result in a 40 000 ton per month run of mine ore operation. A further option to construct a new decline vehicle access was not considered during this review.

Key assumptions used in calculating the initial impairment included:

-- 7 265 mtu concentrate production per month; 10 year mine plan; APT price of $275 per metric ton unit ('mtu');

-- 20% discount rate; and a zero growth rate in operating cash flow after the plant is fully operational, forecast to be for the full year 2019. Other key factors include attainment of forecast grade as set out in our resource statement and plant operating parameters being achieved.

-- The XRT sorter installation is a significant element in increasing confidence in RHA in that 70% of the anticipated run of mine feed target of 40 000 ton per month is passed through the sorter, which is able to recover approximately 90% of the mineralisation in a mass pull of some 5%.

-- The model assumes annual revenues of $13.1m from 2020. Revenue generation is dependent on a number of inter-linked assumptions and a combination of negative changes in those assumptions would result in further impairment charges.

As the mine is not operating, these assumptions were not revisited and the mine remains fully impaired.

Sensitivity analysis was conducted on the volume, grade, concentrate production per month and APT price assumptions in the model.

The management of RHA continue to engage with NIEEF about the future of RHA.

   4.6          Estimation of useful life for mine assets 

Mine assets are depreciated /amortised on a straight-line basis over the life of the mine concerned. Judgement is applied in assessing the mine's useful life and in the case of RHA, the Group's only operating concern, is based on the initial Preliminary Economic Assessment ('PEA') first published in August 2013 that initially modelled an 8 year life of mine. The life of mine reassessed annually based on levels of production.

   4.7          Basis of consolidation 

RHA

During 2013, Premier concluded a shareholders' agreement with NIEEF whereby NIEEF acquired 51% of the shares of RHA. The principal terms of the agreement are as follows:

-- ZimDiv Holdings Limited ('ZimDiv'), a wholly owned subsidiary, is appointed as the Manager of the project for an initial 5 year term.

   --    On 7 May 2019 ZimDiv were reappointed as the manager for another 5 year term. 
   --    ZimDiv has marketing rights to the product. 

-- Each shareholder can appoint up to two directors each, with a 5(th) director who is rotated between each shareholder. The 5(th) director will not have a vote.

-- Although the local Zimbabwean company is responsible for financing and repayment of such. Premier has secured the funding to advance RHA to production.

-- There has been no operational change since the agreements were signed and Premier continues to fund RHA until it becomes cash generative.

At the financial year-end, two directors of RHA were from the Premier Group and three directors from NIEEF. There is no majority vote at board level and Premier still retains operational and management control through its shareholders' agreement. Following the assessment, the Directors concluded that Premier, through its wholly owned subsidiary ZimDiv, retained control and should continue to consolidate 100% of RHA and recognise non-controlling interests of 51% in the consolidated financial statements.

   4.8          Valuations 

-- Investments - Premier's investment in Circum is classified as an FVOCI as such is required to be measured at fair value at the reporting date. As Circum is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. In previous years the fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the most recent placing price. The Fair value of the Circum shares as at 31 December 2021 was derived using the most recent placing price in May 2021. Subsequent to the year end 100% of Premier's investment in Circum was sold to Vortex Limited at book value in exchange for shares in Vortex Limited.

-- Investments - Premier's investment in MNH is classified as an FVOCI as such is required to be measured at fair value at the reporting date. As MNH is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The Fair value of the MNH shares as at 31 December 2021 was derived using the purchase price in July 2019.

-- Valuation of warrants, share options and ordinary shares issued as consideration - judgement is applied in determining appropriate assumptions to be used in calculating the fair value of the warrants, shares and share options issued. Refer accounting policy note and note 20.

-- Provision for Rehabilitation - A provision is recognised for site rehabilitation and decommissioning of current mining activities based on current environmental and regulatory requirements. The net present value of the provision is calculated at a discount rate of 10% over an 8 year life of mine.

-- The life of mine has subsequently been reassessed to a total of 10 years. The corresponding rehabilitation assets were capitalised to property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the life of the mine.

   5.            Going Concern 

These consolidated financial statements are prepared on the going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that the Group will continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

The Group has an operating profit from continuing operations amounting to $2.366 million (2020: loss of $1.311 million) and negative cash flows from operations amounting to $2.540 million for the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: $0.783 million) as the Group continued to maintain RHA in care and maintenance, attempted to advance Zulu through the EPO and the commencement of a Definitive Feasibility Study and external partners joint venture processes described above in this report and explored new opportunities to diversify and mitigate general risks associated with its Zimbabwe based projects.

As at 31 December 2021, current assets exceeded current liabilities by $0.583 million (2020: current assets exceeded current liabilities by $0.230 million). The Group raised $3.609 million (2020: $2.343 million) in net funding through share subscriptions to fund holding costs at RHA, general group maintenance and preservation of assets and to investigate and assess potential diversification, through potential investments in cash generating assets, as discussed above.

The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 December 2022, on the basis of the following considerations.

RHA

-- The Company has not funded any of the activities at RHA since 1 July 2019, apart from essential care and maintenance costs.

Zulu

-- During March 2021, the EPO was granted and subsequently a DFS has commenced, which is still ongoing.

   --      The Company has fully funded the DFS through capital raises. 

MNH

-- The Group is anticipating deriving a return on its current investment in MNH in the latter portion of 2022.

-- The Company has received the June 2020 audited financial statements which reflects a profit of N$4.4 million for the year. The December 2021 management accounts reflects a loss of N$45.6 million ($3 million).

The Group

-- During the course of the year ended 31 December 2021 the Company issued 1,625,000,000 shares with a total value of $3.839 million. These funds were used to fund continuing operations and acquire the investments as listed in note 8 and 9.

-- In March 2022 the Group issued 30,000,000 shares at a price of 0.40p per share raising a total of

GBP12 million. This cash is being used to complete the Zulu DFS. No additional capital raises are planned at this stage.

-- The Company will seek to diversify its operations and risk profile and limit the funds that need to be raised through equity placements to provide necessary funding for the Company's significantly reduced fixed overhead.

   6.            Operating segments 

The group has the following three reportable segments that are managed separately due to the different jurisdictions.

Segmental results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis.

 
 Reportable segments       Operations 
------------------------  --------------------------- 
 RHA and RHA Mauritius     Development and mining of 
                            Wolframite 
 Zulu and Zulu Mauritius   Development of Lithium and 
                            Tantalite 
 Head office               General administration and 
                            control 
 
 
                                                                  Exploration 
                                                 RHA Tungsten    Zulu Lithium 
                                                Mine Zimbabwe        Zimbabwe 
                                 Unallocated          and RHA        and Zulu   Total continued 
 By operating segment              Corporate       Mauritius*       Mauritius        operations 
 2021                                  $ 000            $ 000           $ 000             $ 000 
 
 Result 
 Revenue                                   -                -               -                 - 
 Operating loss / (income)             1 543              107             730             2 380 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Other income                              -                -               -                 - 
 Fair value movement on 
  investment                               -                -               -                 - 
 Impairment of RHA                         -                -               -                 - 
 Finance charges                           -               18               -                18 
 Reversal of Impairment 
  of Zulu                                  -                -         (4 563)           (4 563) 
                                ------------  ---------------  -------------- 
 Loss before taxation                  1 421              114         (3 833)           (2 298) 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Assets 
 Exploration and evaluation 
  assets                                 123                -           4 563             4 686 
 Investments                           8 342                -               -             8 342 
 Inventories                               -                1               -                 1 
 Trade and other receivables              11                5             370               386 
 Cash                                    919                2              41               962 
 Total assets                         10 254                8           5 113            15 375 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Liabilities 
 Other financial liabilities               -                -               -                 - 
 Borrowings                            (180)                -               -             (180) 
 Bank overdraft                            -                -               -                 - 
 Trade and other payables              (557)             (28)               -             (585) 
 Provisions                                -            (362)               -             (362) 
                                ------------  ---------------  -------------- 
 Total liabilities                     (737)            (390)               -           (1 127) 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Net assets                            9 517            (382)           5 113            14 248 
 
 Other information 
 Depreciation and amortisation             -                -              14                14 
 Property plant and equipment 
  additions                                -                -             154               154 
 Costs capitalised to 
  intangible assets                        3                -               -                 3 
 
 
                                                                  Exploration 
                                                 RHA Tungsten    Zulu Lithium 
                                                Mine Zimbabwe        Zimbabwe 
                                 Unallocated          and RHA        and Zulu   Total continued 
 By operating segment              Corporate       Mauritius*       Mauritius        operations 
 2020                                  $ 000            $ 000           $ 000             $ 000 
 
 Result 
 Revenue                                   -                -               -                 - 
 Operating loss / (income)             1 087               93              11             1 191 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Other income                              -             (81)               -              (81) 
 Fair value movement on 
  investment                               -                -               -                 - 
 Impairment of RHA                         -                3               -                 3 
 Finance charges                          60               22               -                82 
 Impairment of Zulu                        -                -               -                 - 
                                ------------  ---------------  -------------- 
 Loss before taxation                  1 147              118              11             1 276 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Assets 
 Exploration and evaluation 
  assets                                 120                -               -               120 
 Investments                           8 342                -               -             8 342 
 Inventories                               -                -               -                 - 
 Trade and other receivables               2                5               -                 7 
 Cash                                    722                5               -               727 
 Total assets                          9 186               10               -             9 196 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Liabilities 
 Other financial liabilities               -                -               -                 - 
 Borrowings                                -                -               -                 - 
 Bank overdraft                            -                -               -                 - 
 Trade and other payables              (356)            (147)             (2)             (505) 
 Provisions                                -            (153)               -             (153) 
                                ------------  ---------------  -------------- 
 Total liabilities                     (356)            (300)             (2)             (658) 
                                ------------  ---------------  --------------  ---------------- 
 Net assets                            8 830            (290)             (2)             8 538 
 
 Other information 
 Depreciation and amortisation             -                -               -                 - 
 Property plant and equipment 
  additions                                -                4               -                 4 
 Costs capitalised to 
  intangible assets                      120                -               -               120 
 

*Represents 100% of the results and financial position of RHA Tungsten (Private) Limited ("RHA") whereas the Group owns 49%. Non-controlling interests are disclosed in note 21.

RHA Revenue is generated from sales to Noble Minerals, in line with RHA's off-take agreement.

   7.            Hyper-inflationary accounting 

In terms of IAS29, Hyperinflation is indicated by characteristics of the economic environment of a country which include, but are not limited to, the following:

a) the general population prefers to keep its wealth in non -- monetary assets or in a relatively stable foreign currency. Amounts of local currency held are immediately invested to maintain purchasing power;

b) the general population regards monetary amounts not in terms of the local currency but in terms of a relatively stable foreign currency. Prices may be quoted in that currency;

c) sales and purchases on credit take place at prices that compensate for the expected loss of purchasing power during the credit period, even if the period is short;

   d)    interest rates, wages and prices are linked to a price index; and 
   e)    the cumulative inflation rate over three years is approaching, or exceeds, 100%. 

As stated in the 2018 annual financial statements, with effect of the 21(st) of February 2019 Zimbabwe implemented the Real Time Gross Settlement of US Dollars ("RTGS") at an official exchange rate of 1:1. At that time the official inflation rate was 0%. At the year end the official exchange rate has moved to

RTGS 105.6684 : $1 (2020: RTGS 81,8151 : $1) whilst the official inflation rate has moved to 58,40% (2020: 401.66 %) on a year on year basis. The table below details the exchange rates and inflation rates, as published by https://tradingeconomics.com/zimbabwe/inflation-cpi , on a monthly basis for the year ended 31 December 2021.

 
                           Exchange                 Exchange 
              Inflation    Rate RTGS   Inflation    Rate RTGS 
                 Rate        : US$        Rate        : US$ 
                2021         2021        2020         2020 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 January        362.63%      82.6756     175.66%      17.3531 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 February       321.59%      83.8868     540.16%      17.9594 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 March          240.55%      84.4001     676.39%      25.0000 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 April          194.07%      84.5032     765.57%      25.0000 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 May            161.91%      84.7259     785.55%      25.0000 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 June           106.60%      85.4234     737.26%      57.3582 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 July            56.37%      85.6402     837.53%      76.7596 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 August          50.24%      85.9084     761.02%      83.3994 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 September       51.55%      87.6653     659.40%      81.4439 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 October         54.50%      97.1361     471.25%      81.3531 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 November        58.40%     105.6684     401.66%      81.8151 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 December        60.70%     108.6660     348.59%      81.7866 
             ----------  -----------  ----------  ----------- 
 

Two of the group's subsidiaries, namely RHA and Zulu, operate in Zimbabwe.

In accordance with IAS29 the group has implemented the Historical Cost approach in restating the subsidiary accounts as at the 31 December 2021 and the corresponding comparative figures for the year ended 31 December 2020.

The financial statements reflect the reduction in the purchasing power of RTGS which have been remeasured, in terms of IAS 29, as at 31 December 2021.

   8.            Intangible assets 
 
                                               2021    2020 
                                              $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Exploration and evaluations assets           4 686     120 
                                             ------  ------ 
 Total intangible assets                      4 686     120 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
 Opening carrying value 2020                    120       - 
 Expenditure on Exploration and 
  evaluation                                      -     120 
 Impairment of Exploration and evaluation         -       - 
  assets 
 Closing carrying value 2020                    120     120 
                                             ------  ------ 
 Reversal of impairment of Zulu               4 563       - 
  Lithium's E&E assets 
 Additional costs capitalised to                  3       - 
  the Li3 assets 
 Closing carrying value 2021                  4 686       - 
                                             ------  ------ 
 

During the year, the market conditions for lithium improved substantially. This improvement enabled management to revisit the assumptions surrounding the impairment of the Zulu Lithium Exploration and Evaluation assets. Based upon the current market conditions and associated assumptions, management has reversed the impairment of the Zulu Lithium's Exploration and Evaluation assets.

During the 2020 year the company acquired a portfolio of hard-rock lithium assets located in Zimbabwe and Mozambique from Lithium Consolidated Ltd ("Li3").

Zulu Lithium and Tantalite Project

During the year $nil (2020: $nil) exploration costs were incurred and capitalised to Zulu. The Group views this project as strategic and exploration work will be continued in the future, cash flow permitting.

Key assumptions applied in calculating the discounted cash flow analysis included:

-- Targeted annual production of spodumene concentrate 84 000 tonnes

-- Targeted annual production of petalite concentrate 32 500 tonnes

-- Price of spodumene concentrate $975/t

-- Price of petalite concentrate $400/t

-- Discount rate 25%

-- Operating costs per combined tonnage of concentrate $486/t

   --      Estimated 15 year life of mine 

-- Average strip ratio of 5.5:1

During March 2021, the EPO was granted and a DFS is being undertaken.

For additional information on events after the reporting date, refer to note 33.

   9.            Investments 
 
                                     Circum    Manganese   Total 
                                    Minerals   Namibian 
                                               Holdings 
                                       $ 000       $ 000   $ 000 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Opening carrying value 2020           6 263           -   6 263 
 Shares acquired                           -       2 079   2 079 
 Fair value adjustment                     -           -       - 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Closing carrying value 2020           6 263       2 079   8 342 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Shares acquired                           -           -       - 
 Fair value adjustment                     -           -       - 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Closing carrying value 2021           6 263       2 079   8 342 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 
 
 Reconciliation of movements in 
  investments 
 Opening carrying value 2020 (1) 
  (2)                                  6 263           -    6263 
 Acquisition at fair value 2020 
  (3)                                      -       2 079   2 079 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Opening carrying value 2021           6 263       2 079   8 342 
 Acquisition of shares                     -           -       - 
 Acquisition at fair value                 -           -       - 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 Closing carrying value 2021           6 263       2 079   8 342 
                                   ---------  ----------  ------ 
 

(1) Represents 2 million shares in unlisted entity Circum.

(2) As Circum is unlisted there are no quoted markets. The fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 11 May 2021 of $1.25 per share. In March 2022, the shares were sold at book value to Vortex Limited in exchange for shares in Vortex Limited, see note 32 for additional information.

(3) Represents a purchase of 11% interest in MNH.

(4) Represents the purchase of 8.9% interest in MNH.

The shares are considered to be level 3 financial assets under the IFRS 13 categorisation of fair value measurements.

Premier continues to hold 5,010,333 shares in Circum currently valued in total at $6.263 million. Circum has published a general update to shareholders in May 2021 and the major shareholders and directors are now fully coordinated in their intention to generate a liquidity event for shareholders. Novopro has been appointed to complete a DFS for an initial production of +/- 375ktpa of Sulphate of Potash which will be scaled up to 750Ktpa over time. To this effect a fully subscribed rights issue raised $12.5 million.

The fair value of these investments on 31 December 2021 amounted to $8.342 million (2020: $8.342 million).

Premier's investment in Circum is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each reporting date. As Circum is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 11 May 2021.

Premier's investment in MNH is classified as FVOCI and as such is required to be measured at fair value at each reporting date. As MNH is unlisted there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the MNH shares was based on the latest transactions and supported by an external evaluation conducted by Bara Consulting.

Sensitivity analysis

The investments are subject to changes in market prices. A 10% reduction in market prices would result in a $0.834 million (2020: $0.834 million) charge to Other Comprehensive Income.

   10.          Property, plant and equipment 
 
                                                         Plant     Land and 
                             Mine Development    and Equipment    Buildings   Total 
                                        $ 000            $ 000        $ 000   $ 000 
 Cost 
 At 1 January 2020                      1 465            2 898           79   4 442 
 Exchange differences (1)               (565)            (227)         (51)   (843) 
 Additions                                  -                4            -       4 
 Disposals                                  -                -            -       - 
                            -----------------  ---------------  -----------  ------ 
 At 31 December 2020                      900            2 675           28   3 603 
 Exchange differences (1)                 (4)              (3)          (1)     (8) 
 Additions                                  -              140           14     154 
 Disposals                                  -                -            -       - 
                            -----------------  ---------------  -----------  ------ 
 At 31 December 2021                      896            2 812           41   3 749 
                            -----------------  ---------------  -----------  ------ 
 
 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment 
  Losses 
 At 1 January 2020                      1 465            2 898           79   4 442 
 Charge for the period                      -                -            -       - 
 Exchange differences (1)               (565)            (227)         (51)   (843) 
 Charge for the year                        -                -            -       - 
 Impairment of RHA                          -                4            -       4 
                            -----------------  ---------------  -----------  ------ 
 At 31 December 2020                      900            2 675           28   3 603 
 Exchange differences (1)                 (4)              (2)          (1)     (7) 
 Charge for the year                        -               14            -      14 
 Impairment                                 -                -            -       - 
 At 31 December 2021                      896            2 687           27   3 610 
                            -----------------  ---------------  -----------  ------ 
 
 Net Book Value 
 At 31 December 2020                        -                -            -       - 
 At 31 December 2021                        -              125           14     139 
 

Refer to note 7 Hyperinflationary Accounting.

The impairment assessment is detailed in note 4, Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions.

Refer note 15, Other financial liabilities for capitalised lease assets.

   11.          Loans receivable 
 
                                  2021    2020 
                                 $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Outback Investments Pty Ltd       414       - 
 Otjozondu Mining (Pty) Ltd        445       - 
                                   859       - 
                                ------  ------ 
 

The above loans are made to a subsidiary and a related party of MN Holdings (Pty) Ltd and are held at amortised cost.

The purpose of the Outback Investments Pty Ltd loan was to enable MNH to lease and acquire the remaining extent of the Ebenezer No 377 Farm which contains untreated tailings facilities from the Purity Mining Project as announced on the 8(th) of July 2019. The loan will be forgiven following the uninterrupted use of the farm land for the treatment of the tailing facilities for a period of up to 10 years. During this period Premier has rights to these tailings facilities. The loan is interest free. The loan is only repayable upon default by Outback Investments.

The loan to Otjozondu Mining is to assist with funding the day to day operations and is in accordance with the RNS of 31(st) August 2021. Premier has provided a loan of $265,000 which bear interest of 20% and is repayable in instalments of $25,000 per shipment of manganese shipped from Namibia. The balance of $180,000 has been provided interest free as it is linked to the loan from Neil Herbert, see note 18 for additional information.

   12.          Inventories 
 
                      2021    2020 
                     $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Mine consumables        -       1 
                         -       1 
                    ------  ------ 
 
   13.          Trade and other receivables 
 
                                           2021    2020 
                                          $ 000   $ 000 
 The exposure to credit risk for 
  trade receivables 
 by geographic region was as follows: 
 
 Zimbabwe                                     -       8 
 Other                                        -       - 
                                         ------  ------ 
                                              -       8 
                                         ------  ------ 
 The exposure to credit risk for 
  trade receivables 
 by counterparty was as follows: 
 
 Zimbabwe Revenue Authority                   -       3 
 Other                                        -       2 
                                         ------  ------ 
                                              -       5 
                                         ------  ------ 
 The exposure to credit risk for 
  trade receivables 
 by credit rating was as follows: 
 
 External credit ratings                      -       - 
 Other                                        -       8 
                                         ------  ------ 
                                              -       8 
                                         ------  ------ 
 

The receivables are considered to be held within a held-to-collect business model consistent with the Group's continuing recognition of the receivables.

As at 31 December 2021 the Group does not have any contract assets nor any contract liabilities arising out of contracts with customers relating to the Group's right to receive consideration for work completed but not billed.

Credit and market risks, and impairment losses

The Group did not impair any of its trade receivables as at 31 December 2021, as all trade receivables generated during the financial year were settled in full prior to the year-end.

Information about the Group's exposure to credit and market risks and impairment losses for trade receivables is included in Note 30.

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates their fair value.

   14.          Cash and cash equivalents 
 
                                                 2021    2020 
                                                $ 000   $ 000 
 Bank balances                                    963     727 
 Cash and cash equivalents per the statement 
  of cash flows                                   963     727 
                                               ------  ------ 
 
   15.          Finance lease liabilities 

Finance lease

During 2015, the Group entered into a finance lease with Board Market Trading 258 (Pty) Ltd for the purchase of two generators with a net book value of $0.124 million to be used at RHA. The finance lease is for a term of 48 months with interest charged at 19.5% per annum with monthly repayments of $0.006 million beginning from 1 August 2016. Depreciation of leased assets amounted to nil (2019: $nil) due to the assets being fully impaired in a prior period.

The agreement is classified as a finance lease as the rental period equal the estimated useful life of the assets concerned and the Group has the right to purchase the assets outright at the end of the minimum lease term by paying a nominal amount.

In terms of IFRS 16 Leases, short term lease agreements which are less than one month or with total present value of lease payments not exceeding $0.005 million are excluded from capitalisation.

Future lease payments are due as follows:

 
                                           Minimum   Interest           Present 
                                    lease payments                     value of 
                                                                        minimum 
                                                                 lease payments 
 2021                                        $ 000      $ 000             $ 000 
 Not later than one year                         -          -                 - 
 Between one year and five years                 -          -                 - 
                                                 -          -                 - 
                                  ----------------  ---------  ---------------- 
 
                                                                        Present 
                                                                       value of 
                                           Minimum                      minimum 
                                    lease payments   Interest    lease payments 
 2020                                        $ 000      $ 000             $ 000 
 Not later than one year                         -          -                 - 
 Between one year and five years                 -          -                 - 
                                                 -          -                 - 
                                  ----------------  ---------  ---------------- 
 Reconciliation 
                                                                        Present 
                                                                       value of 
                                           Minimum                      minimum 
                                    lease payments   Interest    lease payments 
 Balance as at 31 December 2019                 36          1                35 

 Payments made during the year                  36          1                35 
 Balance as at 31 December 2020                  -          -                 - 
 Payments made during the year                   -          -                 - 
                                  ----------------  ---------  ---------------- 
 Balance as at 31 December 2021                  -          -                 - 
                                  ----------------  ---------  ---------------- 
 
   16.          Provisions - rehabilitation 
 
                                               2021    2020 
                                              $ 000   $ 000 
 As at 1 January                                153     388 
 Foreign Exchange variation on translation      191   (255) 
 Unwinding of discount                           18      20 
 As at 31 December                              362     153 
                                             ------  ------ 
 

A provision is recognised for site rehabilitation and decommissioning of current mining activities based on current environmental and regulatory requirements. The gross provision was based upon an environmental impact assessment ("EIA") conducted and calculated in 2014 and discounted to a net present value using a discount rate of 10% over a life of mine of 8 years. The corresponding rehabilitation assets was capitalised to property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the life of the mine. The initial provision for rehabilitation was performed in the then functional currency of USD. With the implementation of RTGS this provision was restated in terms of note 7 on Hyperinflationary accounting. With RHA currently under care and maintenance the directors reassessed the final provision based upon actual volumes extracted versus projected volumes. This reassessment will be done annually taking into consideration the remaining volume of ore to be extracted, the current level of mining that has already been conducted and the estimated costs involved in rehabilitating the land.

   17.          Trade and other payables 
 
                         2021    2020 
                        $ 000   $ 000 
 Trade payables           280     238 
 Accrued expenses         298     253 
 Payroll liabilities        8      14 
                          586     505 
                       ------  ------ 
 

All trade and other payables at 31 December 2021 are due within one year, non-interest bearing, and comprise amounts outstanding for mine purchases and on-going costs, except as described further below. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value.

   18.          Borrowings 
 
                       2021    2020 
                      $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Loan Neil Herbert      180       - 
                        180       - 
                     ------  ------ 
 
 
                                               2021    2020 
                                              $ 000   $ 000 
 Reconciliation of movement in borrowings 
 As at 1 January                                  -     715 
 Loans received (1) (2)                         180     200 
 Loans repaid through conversion to equity 
  (1) (3) (4)                                     -   (965) 
 Implementation fee                               -      15 
 Accrued interest                                 -      35 
 As at 31 December                              180       - 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
 Current                                        180       - 
 Non-current                                      -       - 
                                                180       - 
                                             ------  ------ 
 

Borrowings comprise loans from a related party and a non-related party. Loans from a related party are further disclosed in Note 32, Related Party Transactions.

(1) Neil Herbert made available a loan of US$180,000 to the Company. Under the terms of the Director Loan, the loan is both unsecured and will not attract any interest and is repayable in full by the Company on the signing of a new off-take agreement at Otjozondu. The purpose of the Director Loan is to provide funding to Premier to allow an amendment to the Otjozondu Loan while Premier, acting collectively with Otjozondu, looks to secure the best possible off-take funding package.

At 31 December 2021 the off-take funding had not been secured and Mr Herbert has agreed to the deferment of the repayment of the loan until such off-take agreement has been secured.

(2) As at 31 December 2021 nil was outstanding to George Roach. In March 2020 the Company entered into a secured $0.200 million Loan Agreement and related Subscription Agreement with a company owned by a Trust of which George Roach is a beneficiary at 10% interest per annum. In July 2020 $0.206 million was settled by issue of 232,647,763 ordinary shares and in October 2020 the balance of $0.237 million was settled by issue of 456,291,154 ordinary shares.

(3) As at 31 December 2021 nil was outstanding to Brendan Roach. In October 2020 $0.132 million including interest was settled by issue of 241,117,500 ordinary shares.

(4) As at 31 December 2021 nil was outstanding to Regent Mercantile Holdings Limited. In July 2020 $0.0.390 million including interest was settled by issue of 431,241,920 ordinary shares.

   19.          Share capital 

Authorised share capital

19.42 billion (2020: 17.79 billion) ordinary shares of no par value.

Issued share capital

 
                                                   Number 
                                                of Shares     Value 
                                                     '000     $ 000 
                                              -----------  -------- 
                                                   11 266 
 As at 1 January 2020                                 071    51 035 
                                              -----------  -------- 
 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (1)          171 074       199 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (2)          498 230       699 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (3)          431 242       390 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (4)           70 427        56 
 Shares issued under subscription agreement 
  (5)                                             124 513       120 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (6)          232 648       206 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (7)           64 470        51 
 Shares issued on conversion for fees (8)         374 921       437 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (9)           62 450        50 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (10)         125 905        76 
 Shares issued on conversion of loan (11)         120 915        65 
 Shares issued under subscription agreement 
  (12)                                          2 750 000      1421 
 Shares issued on conversion for fees (13)      1 500 143       787 
 
                                                   17 793 
 As at 31 December 2020                               009    55 592 
                                              -----------  -------- 
 
 Shares issued for direct Investment (14)         625 000     1 417 
 Shares issued for direct Investment (15)         500 000     1 364 
 Shares issued for direct Investment (16)         500 000     1 059 
 
                                                   19 418 
 As at 31 December 2021                               009    59 432 
                                              -----------  -------- 
 
 Less cumulative share costs                                (3 319) 
 
 Net share capital as at 31 December 2021                    56 113 
                                                           -------- 
 
 
 (1)    On the 06 February 2020, the Company issued 171 
         074 444 shares under a subscription agreement at 
         a price of 0.9p per share. 
 (2)    On the 11 June 2020, the Company issued 498 229 
         730 shares under a subscription agreement at a price 
         of 0.111p per share. 
 (3)    On 24 July 2020, the Company issued 431 241 920 
         shares at an issue price of 0.07092p per share for 
         a total value of $0.390 million for conversion of 
         loan. 
 (4)    On 27 July 2020, the Company issued 70 426 740 shares 
         at an issue price of 0.06264p per share for a total 
         value of $0.056 million for conversion of loan. 
 (5)    On the 28 July 2020, the Company issued 124 512 
         702 shares under a subscription agreement at a price 
         of 0,0744p for a total value of $0.120 million 
 (6)    On the 30 July 2020, the company issued 232 647 
         763 shares for a total value of $ 0.206 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (7)    On the 11 August 2020, the company issued 64 470 
         222 shares for a total value of $ 0.051 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (8)    On the 11 August 2020, the company issued 374 920 
         533 shares for a total value of $ 0.437 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (9)    On the 18 August 2020, the company issued 62 450 
         479 shares for a total value of $ 0.050 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (10)   On the 21 September 2020, the company issued 125 
         905 202 shares for a total value of $ 0.076 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (11)   On the 02 October 2020, the company issued 120 915 
         045 shares for a total value of $ 0.065 million 
         for conversion of fees. 
 (12)   On the 21 October 2020, the Company issued 2 750 
         000 000 shares under a subscription agreement at 
         a price of 0,04p for a total value of $1.421 million 
 (13)   On the 22 October 2020, the Company issued 1 500 
         143 471 shares at an issue price of 0.04p per share 
         for a total value of $0.787 million for conversion 
         of fees. 
 (14)   On the 03 June 2021, the Company issued 625 000 
         000 shares under a subscription agreement at a price 

         of 0,16p for a total value of $1.501 million 
 (15)   On the 17 August 2021 the Company issued 500 000 
         000 shares under a subscription agreement at a price 
         of 0,02p for a total value of $1.446 million 
 (16)   On the 14 December 2021 the Company issued 500 000 
         000 shares under a subscription agreement at a price 
         of 0,16p for a total value of $1.122 million 
 

Reconciliation to balance as stated in the consolidated statement of financial position

 
                                                  2021     2020 
                                                 $ 000    $ 000 
 
 As at 1 January                                52 504   48 042 
 Shares issued under subscription agreements 
  - cash flow                                        -    1 541 
 Shares issued to settle trade payables              -    1 225 
 Shares issued on conversion of loans and 
  loan notes (note 12) - non-cash                    -      894 
 Shares issued to purchase Investment in 
  MNH                                                -      898 
 Share issue costs - cash flow                   (230)     (96) 
 Shares issued for direct Investment             3 839        - 
 As at 31 December                              56 113   52 504 
                                               -------  ------- 
 
   20.          Share based payment and warrant reserve 
 
                                                  2021    2020 
                                                 $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Share options and warrants reserve beginning 
  of year                                        2 366   2 366 
 Warrants granted                                    -       - 
 Share options                                       -       - 
 Warrants cancelled                                  -       - 
 Share options and warrants reserve end 
  of year                                        2 366   2 366 
                                                ------  ------ 
 

Share options and warrant arrangements are set out below.

Equity-settled Share base payment arrangement

The Company adopted an incentive share option plan (the 'Plan') during 2012. The essential elements of the Plan provide that the aggregate number of common shares of the Company's capital stock issuable pursuant to options granted under the Plan may not exceed 15% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at the time of any grant of options. Options granted under the Plan will have a maximum term of 10 years. All options granted to Directors and management are subject to vesting provisions of one to two years.

All options are to be settled by the physical delivery of shares.

The fair value of all the share options has been measured using the Black-Scholes Model.

 
                                                    Number 
                                                of Options 
                                                   Granted 
                  Date            Vesting                    Exercise     Expiry      Estimated 
 Issued to         Granted          Term              '000     Price       Date       Fair Value 
 Employees and 
  consultants      10/02/2011   1 year               2 250     1.135p   09/02/2014         0.87p 
 Directors         04/12/2012   See 1 below         20 386        Nil   03/12/2022         1.11p 
 Directors         04/12/2012   See 2 below         20 386         2p   03/12/2022         1.85p 
 
 Employees and 
  associates       04/12/2012   See 3 below          5 536        Nil   03/12/2022         1.85p 
 Directors         29/07/2014   See 4 below          6 000      1.15p   28/07/2024         1.15p 
 Directors         29/07/2014   See 5 below          6 000      1.50p   28/07/2024         1.15p 
 Management        29/07/2014   See 4 below          6 500      1.15p   28/07/2024         1.15p 
 Management        29/07/2014   See 5 below          6 500      1.50p   28/07/2024         1.15p 
 Directors         13/03/2015   See 4 below          2 000       0.9p   12/03/2025         0.67p 
 Directors         13/03/2015   See 5 below          2 000      1.17p   12/03/2025         0.64p 
 Management        13/03/2015   See 4 below          3 250       0.9p   12/03/2025         0.67p 
 Management        13/03/2015   See 5 below          3 250      1.17p   12/03/2025         0.64p 
 Directors         19/01/2017   See 5 below         30 500      0.28p   18/01/2027        0.278p 
 Consultants       19/01/2017   See 5 below         50 439      0.28p   18/01/2027        0.278p 
 Directors         19/01/2017   See 5 below         30 500      0.40p   18/01/2027         0.28p 
 Consultants       19/01/2017   See 5 below         50 439      0.40p   18/01/2027        0. 28p 
 Total number of options                           245 936 
                                              ------------ 
 
 
 Issued to: 
 - Directors                       111 772 
 - Employees and consultants       114 664 
 - Management                       19 500 
                                  -------- 
                                   245 936 
 
 Less: 
 - Options exercised 
  in prior years                    27 257 
 - Options cancelled 
  in prior years                    18 330 
 Total options in issue at 31 
  December 2021                    200 349 
                                  -------- 
 

Expected volatility has been based on an evaluation of the historical volatility of the Company's share price, particularly over the historical period commensurate with the expected term. The expected term of the instruments has been based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour

The Company has granted the following share options during the years up to 31 December 2021:

1. These share options vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee's period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.

2. These share options vest in equal instalments annually on the anniversary of the grant date over a two year period. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee's period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.

3. These share options vested on the grant date. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee's period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.

4. These share options vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee's period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.

5. These share options vest on the two-year anniversary of the grant date. The options are exercisable at any time after vesting during the grantee's period as an eligible option holder, and must be exercised no later than 10 years after the date of grant, after which the options will lapse.

No share options were granted during the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020 - none issued).

The fair value of the options granted during the year ended 31 December 2021 was $nil (2020: $nil). The assessed fair value of options granted to directors and management was determined using the Black-Scholes Model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the share price at grant date, the expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield and the risk-free rate interest rate for the term of the option.

 
                  In issue                 Cancelled                 In issue 
                   prior to    Exercised    / Lapsed     Granted      as at 31 
                   1 January    during      during the    during      December 
                   2021         the year    year          the year    2021 
 Directors: 
  - G. Roach          21 517           -             -           -      21 517 
  - N. Herbert         4 000           -             -           -       4 000 
  - W. Hampel          8 000           -             -           -       8 000 
  - M. Foster 
   (resigned)         18 000           -             -           -      18 000 
  - Resigned 
   directors          40 941           -             -           -      40 941 
 Other option 
  holders            107 891           -             -           -     107 891 
                     200 349           -             -           -     200 349 
                 -----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ---------- 
 

The Group has the following share options outstanding:

 
 Grant Date   Expiry Date  Exercise Price             Number of         Number of 
                                            options outstanding    options vested 
                                                           '000   and exercisable 
                                                                             '000 
04/12/2012     03/12/2022             Nil                 2 013             2 013 
04/12/2012     03/12/2022              2p                12 458            12 458 
29/07/2014     28/07/2024           1.15p                 3 000             3 000 
29/07/2014     28/07/2024           1.50p                10 500            10 500 
13/03/2015     12/03/2025            0.9p                 5 250             5 250 
13/03/2015     12/03/2025           1.17p                 5 250             5 250 
19/01/2017     18/01/2027           0.28p                80 939            80 939 
19/01/2017     18/01/2027           0.40p                80 939            80 939 
                                           --------------------  ---------------- 
                                                        200 349           200 349 

                                           --------------------  ---------------- 
 

The following table lists the inputs into the valuation model.

 
                           19      19      13      13      29      29 
                          Jan     Jan     Mar     Mar     Jul     Jul    4 Dec 
                         2017    2017    2015    2015    2014    2014     2012 
                        Issue   Issue   Issue   Issue   Issue   Issue    Issue 
 Dividend yield 
  (%)                       -       -       -       -       -       -        - 
 Expected volatility 
  (%)                   236.0   236.0   100.0   100.0   148.0   148.0     75.0 
 Risk-free interest 
  rate (%)               1.43    1.43    1.71    1.71    1.71    1.71     1.81 
 Share price at 
  grant date            0.28p   0.28p    0.9p    0.9p   1.15p   1.15p    1.85p 
                                                                        2p and 
 Exercise price         0.28p   0.40p    0.9p   1.17p   1.15p    1.5p      nil 
 

The shares that the options are based on are quoted in GBP and so the option agreement is stated in GBP. As such they are presented in GBP despite the presentational currency of the Group being USD.

The number and weighted-average exercise prices of share options under the share option programmes and replacement awards were as follows:

 
                                2021                  2020 
                        --------------------  -------------------- 
 
                          Shares    Weighted    Shares    Weighted 
                                     Average               Average 
                                    Exercise              Exercise 
                                       Price                 Price 
                            '000                  '000 
 Options outstanding, 
  beginning of year      200 349       0.55p   200 349       0.55p 
 Granted                       -           -         -           - 
 Options outstanding, 
  end of year            200 349       0.55p   200 349       0.55p 
                        --------  ----------  --------  ---------- 
 

The weighted-average life of the options in issue as at 31 December 2021 is 3 years and 27 days (2020 - 4 years and 27 days.)

Warrants

The Company did not grant warrant options during the year (2020: nil)

A summary of the status of the Company's share warrants as of 31 December 2020 and changes during the year are as follows:

 
                             2021   2020 
                             '000   '000 
                            -----  ----- 
 Warrants outstanding,          -      - 
  beginning of year 
 Granted                        -      - 
 Expired                        -      - 
 Exercised                      -      - 
 Cancelled *                    -      - 
 Warrants outstanding,          -      - 
  end of year 
                            -----  ----- 
 

During the year ending 31 December 2021 nil (2020 - nil) warrants granted to an advisor expired.

There are no warrants outstanding in favour of the Directors.

Premier's share price opened at 0.052p in January 2021, traded at an average of 0.175p, with a high of 0.495 and low of 0.043p during the year and closed at 0.19p on 31 December 2021.

   21.          Non-controlling interest 
 
                                                    2021       2020 
 RHA Tungsten Limited (51% Non-controlling 
  interest)                                        $ 000      $ 000 
 
 At 1 January                                   (11 726)   (11 499) 
 Foreign exchange and hyper-inflationary 
  adjustments                                          -        220 
 Non-controlling interest in share of profit 
  / (losses) for the year - RHA                    (145)       (23) 
 Non-controlling interest in share of other 
  comprehensive income for the period              (438)      (424) 
 At 31 December                                 (12 309)   (11 726) 
                                               ---------  --------- 
 

The following table summarises the information relating to each of the Group's subsidiaries that has material Non-controlling interest, before any intra-group eliminations.

 
                                                 2021       2020 
                                                  RHA        RHA 
 Non-controlling Interest percentage              51%        51% 
 Non-current assets                                 -          - 
 Current assets                                     8         10 
 Non-current liabilities                     (18 493)   (18 041) 
 Current liabilities                          (5 651)    (4 961) 
 Net assets                                  (24 136)   (22 992) 
                                            ---------  --------- 
 
 Net assets attributed to Non-controlling 
  Interest                                   (12 310)   (11 726) 
                                            ---------  --------- 
 
 Revenue                                            -         13 
 Profit / (Loss)                                (858)      (832) 
 Other Comprehensive Income /(Loss)             (286)       (43) 
 Total comprehensive income                   (1 144)      (875) 
                                            ---------  --------- 
 Loss allocated to NCI                          (584)      (447) 
                                            ---------  --------- 
 

The share of losses in the year represents the losses attributable to non-controlling interests in RHA for the year.

   22.          Revenue 
 
                                               2021    2020 
                                              $ 000   $ 000 
 Major product/service lines 
 Sale of Wolframite                               -       - 
 Sale of scrap                                    -       - 
 Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Export Incentive        -       - 
                                             ------ 
 Total revenue                                    -       - 
 NIEEF refund of expenses                         -       6 
 Prescription of debts                          133      75 
 Total other income                             133      81 
 
 Gross revenue                                  133      81 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
 Primary Geographical Markets 
 Africa                                         133      81 
                                                133      81 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
 Timing of revenue recognition 
 Products transferred at a point in time        133      81 
                                                133      81 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
   23.          Cost of sales excluding depreciation and amortisation 
 
                                             2021    2020 
                                            $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Mining contractor                              -       - 
 Staff costs                                    -       - 
 Consumables                                    -       - 
 Equipment hire and maintenance                 -       - 
 Mining services                                -       - 
 Plant services                                 -       - 
 Selling costs                                  -       - 
 Net realisable value adjustment of cost        -       - 
  of inventory sold 
 Inventory write-down / (write-up)              -       - 
                                                -       - 
                                           ------  ------ 
 

RHA mine is under care and maintenance and accordingly there are no cost of sales.

   24.          Administrative expenses 
 
                                               2021    2020 
                                              $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Audit fees - Holding company                    44      22 
  - Under provision prior year                    3       - 
  - Over provision prior year                     -     (6) 
 Staff costs                                     31      19 
 Consulting and advisory fees                 1 199     793 
 Directors' fees                                118      35 
 Accounting and legal fees                      143     142 
 Marketing and public relations                   3      17 
 Travel                                          50      40 
 Security costs                                   7       2 
 Vehicle operating costs                          9       9 
 Insurance                                        8       8 
 Office and administration                       88      32 
 Short term non-capitalised lease payments 
  (note 15)                                     114     114 
 Foreign exchange losses                         12      47 
 Share based payment (note 21)                    -       - 
 Exploration costs                              537       - 
                                              2 366   1 274 
                                             ------  ------ 
 
 
 Number of staff                            2021   2020 
 
 Directors of the Holding Company              4      4 
 Administrative staff                          0      0 
 Total Holding Company staff                   4      4 
 Directors of subsidiaries                     1      1 
 Subsidiary administrative and operating 
  staff                                        6      6 
 Total staff                                  11     11 
                                           -----  ----- 
 
   25.          Finance charges 
 
                                                2021    2020 
                                               $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Interest charged by suppliers                     -       - 
 Interest on borrowings                            -      61 
 Derivative financial liability transaction 
  costs                                            -       - 
 Unwinding of discount on provisions              18      20 
 Loss on extinguishment of debt                    -       - 

 Interest on finance lease                         -       1 
                                                  18      82 
                                              ------  ------ 
 
   26.          Taxation 
 
 Deferred tax                     2021    2020 
                                 $ 000   $ 000 
 
 As at 1 January                     -       - 
 As at 31 December                   -       - 
                                ------  ------ 
 Income Tax 
 Taxation charge for the year        -       - 
                                ------  ------ 
 

There is no taxation charge for the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: Nil) because the Group is registered in the British Virgin Islands where no corporate taxes or capital gains tax are charged. However, the Group may be liable for taxes in the jurisdictions of the underlying operations.

The Group has incurred tax losses in West Africa and Zimbabwe; however a deferred tax asset has not been recognised in the accounts due to the unpredictability of future profit streams. The accumulated tax losses not recognised at RHA amount to RTGS 1,615.272 million (2020: RTGS 52.342 million).

 
 Reconciliation of effective 
  tax rate                           2021    2021      2020    2020 
                                            $ 000             $ 000 
 
 Loss before tax from continuing 
  operations                        2 099       -   (1 333)       - 
                                   ------  ------  --------  ------ 
 Tax using the Zimbabwean 
  company tax rate                    25%   (525)       25%     333 
                                   ------  ------  --------  ------ 
 Tax effect of: 
 Effects of tax rates in 
  foreign jurisdictions             (25%)     525     (25%)   (333) 
                                   ------  ------  --------  ------ 
 

Contingent liability

The Group operates across different geographical regions and is required to comply with tax legislation in various jurisdictions. The determination of the Group's tax is based on interpretations applied in terms of the respective tax legislations and may be subject to periodic challenges by tax authorities which may give rise to tax exposures.

   27.          Loss per share 

The calculation of loss per share is based on the loss after taxation attributable to shareholders, divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year:

 
                                                     2021         2020 
                                                    $ 000        $ 000 
 
 Net loss attributable to owners of the 
  company ($ 000)                                   2 099      (1 333) 
 
 Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares 
  in calculating basic earnings per share 
  ('000)                                       18 337 187   13 167 281 
 
 Basic loss per share (US cents)                     0.01       (0.01) 
 Diluted loss per share (US cents)                   0.01       (0.01) 
 
 Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
 Issued ordinary shares at 1 January ('000)    17 793 009   11 266 071 
 Weighted average of shares issued during 
  the year ('000)                                 544 178    1 901 210 
 Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
  at 31 December ('000)                        18 337 187   13 167 281 
                                              -----------  ----------- 
 

As the Group incurred a loss for the year, there is no dilutive effect from share options and warrants in issue or the shares issued after the reporting date.

 
                                                              2021                       2020 
 Potential dilutive effect on earnings 
  per share                                                  $ 000                      $ 000 
 
 Options issued                                            200 349                    200 349 
 Warrants issued                                                 -                          - 
 Convertible loan notes                                          -                          - 
 Total potentially dilutive shares                         200 349                    200 349 
                                         -------------------------  ------------------------- 
 

Refer to note 33 Post balance sheet events for additional potentially dilutive transactions.

   28.          Directors' remuneration 
 
                                  Directors'   Consultancy   Share Options   Total 
                                        fees          Fees 
 2021                                  $ 000         $ 000           $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Executive Directors 
 George Roach - current                    -           275               -     275 
           - backdated increase                         70 
 
 Non-Executive Directors 
 Godfrey Manhambara 
  - current                               42             -               -      42 
           - backdated increase           45 
 Wolfgang Hampel                          31             -               -      31 
 Neil Herbert                              -            36               -      36 
                                         118           381               -     384 
                                 -----------  ------------  --------------  ------ 
 
 
                           Directors'   Consultancy   Share Options   Total 
                                 fees          Fees 
 2020                           $ 000         $ 000           $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Executive Directors 
 George Roach                       -           240               -     240 
 
 Non-Executive Directors 
 Godfrey Manhambara                19             -               -      19 
 Wolfgang Hampel                   16             -               -      16 
 Neil Herbert (*)                   -            33               -      33 
                                   35           273               -     308 
                          -----------  ------------  --------------  ------ 
 

(*) These directors were not employed during the full financial year.

The Directors' fees disclosed in note 24 include nil (2020: nil) being the fees paid to Directors of RHA, who are not directors of the parent company.

   29.   Notes to the statement of cash flows 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank, bank overdrafts and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying value of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value.

 
                                              2021      2020 
                                             $ 000     $ 000 
 
 
 Profit / (Loss) before tax                  2 099   (1 333) 
 Adjustments for: 
 Finance charges                                18        82 
 Foreign exchange variations                   192        51 
 Settlement agreement on Finance lease           -      (74) 
 Impairment of PPE - RHA                         -         4 
 Reversal of Impairment of intangible 
  assets - Zulu                            (4 566)         - 
 Depreciation and amortisation                  14         - 
                                          --------  -------- 
 Operating cash flows before movements 
  in working capital                       (2 243)   (1 270) 
 (Increase)/decrease in inventories              1         - 
 (Increase)/decrease in receivables          (379)         9 
 Increase/(decrease) in payables                81       478 
 Net cash (outflow) from operating 
  activities                               (2 540)     (783) 
                                          --------  -------- 
 
 
                                                   2021      2020 
 Reconciliation of Non-Cash Transactions          $ 000     $ 000 
 Share Capital 
 Shares issued                                    3 839     4 558 
 Less: Share issue costs                          (230)      (96) 
 Less: Settlement of payables                         -   (2 119) 
                                                  3 609     2 343 
                                                 ------  -------- 
 
 Finance Charges 
 Finance charge expense                            (18)      (82) 
 Less: Unwinding of discount on the Provision 
  for rehabilitation                                 18        20 
 Less: Interest accrued on loans and 
  other payables                                      -        61 
                                                      -       (1) 
                                                 ------  -------- 
 
 
 Net Debt Reconciliation for 
  the Group 
 
                                                   Right 
                       Cash and                    of use 
                         cash                      lease     Total 
                      equivalents   Borrowings   liability   debt    Net debt 
                          GBP          GBP          GBP       GBP      GBP 
 Net debt as at 31 
  December 2019                24        (715)        (34)   (749)      (725) 
 Cash flows                   753          715          34     749      1 502 
 Foreign exchange 
  adjustments                (51)            -           -       -       (51) 
 Net debt as at 31 
  December 2020               726            -           -       -        726 
 Cash flows                    44        (120)           -   (120)       (76) 
 Foreign exchange 
  adjustments                 192            -           -       -        192 
 Net debt as at 31 
  December 2021               962        (120)           -   (120)        842 
-------------------  ------------  -----------  ----------  ------  --------- 
 
   30.          Financial Instruments - Fair values and risk management 

The following table shows the carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities, including their levels in the fair value hierarchy. It does not include fair value information for financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables classified as held-for-sale are not included in the table below. As at 31 December 2021 the Group did not have any trade and other receivables nor any trade and other payables that were classified as held-for-sale.

The Group has not disclosed the fair values of financial instruments such as short-term trade receivables and payables, because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approximation of their fair value.

 
                             Carrying 
                               value                                              Fair value 
                                                                                --------------  ------  ------ 
                                              Financial 
                                  FVOCI          assets          Other 
 31 December                   - equity    at amortised      financial           Level   Level   Level 
  2021                      instruments            cost    liabilities   Total     1       2       3     Total 
           Note                   $ 000           $ 000          $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000 
                          -------------  --------------  -------------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------ 
 
 Financial assets measured at fair value 
 FVOCI                            8 342               -              -   8 342       -       -   8 342   8 342 
                                  8 342               -              -   8 342 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial assets not measured at fair value 
 Trade and other 
  receivables                         -             859              -     859 
 Cash and cash 
 equivalents                          -               -              -       - 
                                      -             859              -     859 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial liabilities measured at fair value 
                                      -               -              -       - 
                                      -               -              -       - 
---------------  -------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
 Bank 
 overdrafts                           -               -              -       - 
 Unsecured loans from 
  shareholders                        -               -              -       - 
 Secured loan                         -               -              -       - 
 Trade and other 
  payables                            -               -          (586)   (586) 
                                      -               -          (586)   (586) 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 
                             Carrying 
                               value                                              Fair value 
                                                                                --------------  ------  ------ 
                                              Financial 
                                  FVOCI          assets          Other 
 31 December                   - equity    at amortised      financial           Level   Level   Level 
  2020                      instruments            cost    liabilities   Total     1       2       3     Total 
           Note                   $ 000           $ 000          $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000   $ 000 
                          -------------  --------------  -------------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------ 
 
 Financial assets measured at fair value 
 FVOCI                            8 342               -              -   8 342       -       -   8 342   8 342 
                                  8 342               -              -   8 342 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial assets not measured at fair value 
 Trade and other 
  receivables                         -               8              -       8 
 Cash and cash 
 equivalents                          -               -              -       - 
                                      -               8              -       8 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial liabilities measured at fair value 
                                      -               -              -       - 
                                      -               -              -       - 
---------------  -------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 
 Financial liabilities not measured at fair value 
 Bank 
 overdrafts                           -               -              -       - 
 Unsecured loans from 
  shareholders                        -               -              -       - 
 Secured loan                         -               -              -       - 
 Trade and other 
  payables                            -               -          (505)   (505) 
                                      -               -          (505)   (505) 
 -----------------------  -------------  --------------  -------------  ------ 
 

Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

   B.             Measurement of fair values 
   i.              Valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs 

The following tables show the valuation techniques used in measuring Level 3 fair values for financial instruments measured at fair value in the statement of financial position, as well as the significant unobservable inputs used. Related valuation processes are described in Note 4.8.

Financial instruments measured at fair value

 
                                                                     Inter-relationship 
                                                                      between significant 
                                          Significant unobservable    unobservable inputs 
 Type           Valuation technique        inputs                     and fair value measurement 
 Unlisted       Current market value      None                       None 
  Equity         technique: 
  investments    The valuation model 
                 is based upon the 
                 latest price at 
                 which the unlisted 
                 entity raised capital. 
               ------------------------  -------------------------  ---------------------------- 
 
   ii.             Transfers between Levels 1 and 2 

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in either the current financial year or in the prior financial year.

   C.             Financial Risk Management 

The Group has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:

- credit risk;

- liquidity risk; and

- market risk.

Risk management framework

The Company's board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group's risk management framework.

The Group's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group's activities.

The Group's audit committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Group's risk management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Group. The Group's audit committee undertake ad hoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit committee.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Group's receivables from customers and investments in debt securities.

The carrying amounts of financial assets represent the maximum credit exposure.

In the current year there was no impairment loss, nor 2019, for unrecoverable sundry debtors.

Trade receivables

The Group's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which its customers operate. Details of concentration of revenue are included in Note 22.

The Group has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analysed individually for creditworthiness before the Group's standard payment terms and conditions are offered. The Group's review includes external ratings, if they are available, financial statements, credit agency information, industry information and in some cases bank references. Sales limits are established for each customer and are reviewed regularly.

The Group limits its exposure to credit risk from trade receivables by establishing a maximum payment period of one month.

The Group is monitoring the economic environment in Zimbabwe, where its exploration and mining operations are based.

The Group does not require collateral in respect of trade and other receivables. The Group does not have trade receivables for which a no allowance is recognised because of collateral.

 
                                           2021    2020 
                                          $ 000   $ 000 
 The exposure to credit risk for trade 
  receivables 
 by geographic region was as follows: 
 
 Zimbabwe                                     -       6 
 Other                                        -       - 
                                              -       6 
                                         ------  ------ 
 The exposure to credit risk for trade 
  receivables 
 by counterparty was as follows: 
 
 Zimbabwe Revenue Authority                   5       3 
 Other                                        -       2 
                                              5       5 
                                         ------  ------ 
 The exposure to credit risk for trade 
  receivables 
 by credit rating was as follows: 
 
 External credit ratings                      -       - 
 Other                                        5       5 
                                              5       5 
                                         ------  ------ 
 

Expected credit loss assessment for corporate customers as at 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021

The Group allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on data that is determined to be predictive of the risk of loss (including but not limited to external ratings, audited financial statements, management accounts and cash flow projections and available press information about customers) and applying experienced credit judgement. Credit risk grades are defined using qualitative and quantitative factors that are indicative of the risk of default.

The company had no exposure to credit risk for the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020 - nil)

Movements in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables during the year amounted to nil (2020 - nil).

Cash and cash equivalents

As at 31 December 2021, the Group held $0.963 million in cash and cash equivalents (2020: $0.727 million). The cash and cash equivalents are held with bank and financial institution counterparties which are rated BB to BAA (according to Standard and Poor's).

Impairment on cash and cash equivalents has been measured on a 12-month expected loss basis and reflects the short maturities of the exposures. The Group considers that its cash and cash equivalents have low credit risk based on the external credit ratings of the counterparties. On the implementation of IFRS 9 the Group did not impair any of its cash and cash equivalents.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group's reputation.

Exposure to liquidity risk

The following table presents the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date. The amounts are gross and undiscounted and include contractual interest payments and exclude the impact of netting agreements.

 
                                                          Contractual cash 
                                                           flows 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  ---------------------------------  --------- 
                                                                                                 More 
                            Carrying           2 Months         2 to       1 to       2 to       than 
 31 December 2021              value   Total    or less    12 Months    2 Years    5 Years    5 years 
                               $ 000   $ 000      $ 000        $ 000      $ 000      $ 000      $ 000 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 Non- derivative 
  financial 
 liabilities 
 
 Bank overdrafts                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Unsecured shareholder's 
 loan                              -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Unsecured loans                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Secured loans                     -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Trade payables                (586)   (586)      (586)            -          -          -          - 
                               (586)   (586)      (586)            -          -          -          - 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 
 Derivative financial              -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 liabilities                       -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
                                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 
 
                                                          Contractual cash 
                                                           flows 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  ---------------------------------  --------- 
                                                                                                 More 
                            Carrying           2 Months         2 to       1 to       2 to       than 
 31 December 2020              value   Total    or less    12 Months    2 Years    5 Years    5 years 
                               $ 000   $ 000      $ 000        $ 000      $ 000      $ 000      $ 000 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 Non- derivative 
  financial 
 liabilities 
 
 Bank overdrafts                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Unsecured shareholder's 
 loan                              -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Unsecured loans                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Secured loans                     -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 Trade payables                (505)   (505)      (505)            -          -          -          - 
                               (505)   (505)      (505)            -          -          -          - 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 
 Derivative financial              -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
 liabilities                       -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
                                   -       -          -            -          -          -          - 
                           ---------  ------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 

The interest payments on the financial liabilities represent the fixed interest rates as per the respective contracts.

The Group aims to maintain the level of its cash and cash equivalents and other highly marketable debt investments at an amount in excess of expected cash outflows on financial liabilities other than trade payables. The Group also monitors the level of expected cash inflows on trade and other receivables together with expected cash outflows on trade and other payables.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices - such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices - will affect the Group's income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimising the return.

Currency risk

The Group is exposed to transactional foreign currency risk to the extent that there is a mismatch between the currencies in which sales, purchases, receivables and borrowings are denominated and the respective functional currencies of Group companies. The functional currencies of Group companies are primarily Pound Sterling and the US Dollar. The Zimbabwean trading companies functional currency is RTGS. The currencies in which these transactions are primarily denominated are Euro, US Dollar, South African Rand, RTGS and Pound Sterling.

The Company conducts its business in Zimbabwe with a significant portion of expenditures in that country historically denominated in USD and now also in RTGS. The introduction of the RTGS$ during the financial year has resulted in the devaluation of the RTGS$ against the US Dollar. This devaluation has also resulted in the Zimbabwean economy going into hyperinflationary status. To a large extent this is beneficial to Premier as its Zimbabwean assets are fully impaired. The remaining liabilities are inflation adjusted at each reporting period yielding foreign exchange gains on conversion to USD.

All transactions are subject to spot rates and with no hedging transactions taking place.

Exposure to currency risk

 
                         31 December 2021                            31 December 2020 
                          EUR     GBP       USD       ZAR    RTGS     EUR     GBP       USD     ZAR      RTGS 
                                                             '000                                        '000 
                         '000    '000      '000      '000     000    '000    '000      '000    '000       000 
                       ------  ------  --------  --------  ------  ------  ------  --------  ------  -------- 
 
 Trade receivables          -       -         -         -       -       -       -         -       -         - 
 Unsecured 
  loans                     -       -         -         -       -       -       -         -       -         - 
                                                               (3 
 Trade payables             -    (98)     (189)      (87)    143)    (77)    (11)     (205)   (540)      (13) 
                       ------  ------  --------  --------  ------  ------  ------  --------  ------  -------- 
 Net statement 
  of financial                                                 (3 
  position exposure         -    (98)     (189)      (87)    143)    (77)    (11)     (205)   (540)      (13) 
                       ------  ------  --------  --------  ------  ------  ------  --------  ------  -------- 
 
 Next 6 months 
  forecast 
  sales                     -       -         -         -       -       -       -         -       -         - 
 Next 6 months                                                 (1 
  forecast purchases    (379)   (392)   (2 391)   (3 048)    327)       -   (126)   (1 186)       -   (2 988) 
 Net forecast 
  transaction                                                  (1 
  exposure              (379)   (392)   (2 391)   (3 048)    327)       -   (126)   (1 186)       -   (2 988) 
                       ------  ------  --------  --------          ------  ------  --------  ------  -------- 
 
                                                               (4 
 Net exposure           (379)   (490)   (2 580)   (3 135)    470)    (77)   (137)   (1 391)   (540)   (3 001) 
                       ------  ------  --------  --------  ------  ------  ------  --------  ------  -------- 
 

The summary quantitative data about the Group's exposure to currency risk as reported to the management of the Group is as follows:

The following significant exchange rates in relation to the reporting currency are applicable:

 
          Average rate for 
            the year 2021       Year end spot rate 
        -------------------  ---------------------- 
             2021      2020         2021       2020 
 
 Euro      1.1921    1.1751       1.2281     1.2282 
 GBP       1.3867     1.335        1.421     1.3577 
 ZAR       0.0682    0.0699       0.0741     0.0682 
 RTGS     87.9503   50.4253      108.666     81.787 
 

The carrying amounts of the Group's foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the reporting date are as follows:

 
                            Liabilities                  Assets 
                      ------------------  ---------------------- 
                          2021      2020        2021        2020 
                          '000      '000        '000        '000 
 
 Sterling (GBP)             98        11           -           - 
 Euro (EUR)                  -        77           -           - 
 South African Rand 
  (ZAR)                     87       540           -           - 
 Real Time Gross 
  Settlement of USD 
  (RTGS)                 3 143    12 707           -         429 
 

The presentation currency of the Group is US dollars.

The Group is exposed primarily to movements in USD for trade, RTGS for the Zimbabwean companies and GBP for all fund raising activities.

Sensitivity analysis

Financial instruments affected by foreign currency risk include financial investments (see note 9) cash and cash equivalents, other receivables, trade and other payables and convertible loan notes. The following analysis, required by IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, is intended to illustrate the sensitivity of the Group's financial instruments (at year end) to changes in market variables, being exchange rates.

The following assumptions were made in calculating the sensitivity analysis:

All income statement sensitivities also impact equity

Translation of foreign subsidiaries and operations into the Group's presentation currency have been excluded from this sensitivity as they have no monetary effect on the results.

Income Statement / Equity

 
                           2021      2020 
                          $ 000     $ 000 
 Exchange rates: 
 +10% $ Sterling (GBP)      (9)       (1) 
 -10% $ Sterling (GBP)        9         1 
 +10% $ RTGS              (314)   (1 253) 
 -10% $ RTGS                314     1 253 
 
 

The above sensitivities are calculated with reference to a single moment in time and will change due to a number of factors including:

   --      Fluctuating other receivable and trade payable balances 
   --      Fluctuating cash balances 
   --      Changes in currency mix 

Interest rate risk

The Group has entered into fixed rate agreements for its finance leases and shareholders loans. The Group does not hedge its interest rate exposure by entering into variable interest rate swaps.

Exposure to interest rate risk

The interest rate profile of the Group's interest-bearing financial instruments as reported to the management of the Group is as per the table below.

 
                            2021    2020 
                           $ 000   $ 000 
 Fixed rate instruments 
 Financial assets              -       - 
 Financial liabilities         -       - 
                               -       - 
                          ------  ------ 
 

Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed-rate instruments

The Group does not account for any fixed-rate financial assets of financial liabilities at FVTPL. Therefore, a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss.

Other market price risk

The Group is exposed to equity price risk, which arises from equity securities at FVOCI are held as a long-term investment.

The Group's investments in equity securities comprise small shareholdings in unlisted companies. The shares are not readily tradable and any monetisation of the shares is dependent on finding a willing buyer.

Valuation techniques and assumptions applied for the purposes of measuring fair value

Due to the short term nature, the fair value of cash and receivables and liabilities approximates the carrying values disclosed in the financial statements.

The fair value of financial assets is estimated by using other readily available information. As the Circum and MNH shares are in privately held exploration companies, the fair values were estimated using observable placing prices where available.

Circum and MNH are unlisted and there are no quoted market prices. The fair value of the Circum shares was derived using the previous issue price and validating it against the most recent placing price on 11 May 2021. The fair value of MNH shares was derived from the latest placing and supported by an external valuation conducted by Bara Consulting.

Capital management

The Group manages its capital resources to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern, while maximising shareholder return.

The capital structure of the Group consists of equity attributable to shareholders, comprising issued share capital and reserves. The availability of new capital will depend on many factors including a positive mineral exploration environment, positive stock market conditions, the Group's track record, and the experience of management. There are no externally imposed capital requirements. The Directors are confident that adequate cash resources exist or will be made available to finance operations but controls over expenditure are carefully managed.

   31.             Subsidiaries 

Premier had investments in the following subsidiary undertakings as at 31 December 2021, which principally affected the losses and net assets of the Group:

31.1 Subsidiaries held during the year

 
                                      Country of    Proportion of 
  Name                             incorporation    voting interest 
                                   and operation           %                      A ctivity 
                                                      2021 2020 
Zulu Lithium Mauritius 
 Holdings Limited                      Mauritius    100       100     Holding Company 
 RHA Tungsten Mauritius 
  Limited                              Mauritius     100       100     Holding Company 
Kavira Minerals Holdings 
 Limited                               Mauritius    100       100     Holding Company 
 Tinde Fluorspar Holdings 
  Limited                              Mauritius     100       100     Holding Company 
 Lubimbi Minerals Holdings 
  Limited                              Mauritius     100       100     Holding Company 
 Gwaaii River Minerals Limited         Mauritius     100       100     Holding Company 
Zulu Lithium (Private) 
 Limited                                Zimbabwe    100       100     Exploration 
 RHA Tungsten (Private) 
  Limited                               Zimbabwe     49*       49*     Care and maintenance 
Katete Mining (Private) 
 Limited                                Zimbabwe    100       100     Exploration 
Tinde Fluorspar (Private) 
 Limited                                Zimbabwe    100       100     Exploration 
 LM Minerals (Private) Limited          Zimbabwe     100       100     Exploration 
 BM Mining & Exploration 
  (Private) Limited                     Zimbabwe     100       100     Exploration 
Licomex (Pty) Ltd                       Zimbabwe    100       100     Exploration 
Li3 Mozambique (Pty) Ltd               Australia    100       100     Holding Companies 

Li3B Mozambique (Pty) Ltd              Australia    100       100     Holding Companies 
Li3C Mozambique (Pty) Ltd              Australia    100       100     Holding Companies 
Lithium B S.A.                        Mozambique    100       100     Exploration 
 

* Accounted as a controlled subsidiary, refer note 4 - Significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions and note 4.7 - Basis of consolidation.

31.2 Acquisition of subsidiaries

During the year ended 31 December 2020 the Group acquired 100% of the following companies:

 
                           Number 
                          of shares      Purchase           Country 
     Company Name         purchased    Consideration    of Incorporation   Main Activity 
 LiComex (Pty) Ltd,             100          $99,864            Zimbabwe   Exploration 
                        -----------  ---------------  ------------------  ---------------- 
                                                                           Holding company 
                                                                            - Owning 
                                                                            33.33% of 
 Li3 Mozambique (Pty)                                                       Lithium B 
  Ltd                        10,000           $6,634           Australia    S.A. 
                        -----------  ---------------  ------------------  ---------------- 
                                                                           Holding company 
                                                                            - Owning 
                                                                            33.33% of 
 Li3B (Mozambique)                                                          Lithium B 
  (Pty) Ltd                  10,000           $6,633           Australia    S.A. 
                        -----------  ---------------  ------------------  ---------------- 
                                                                           Holding company 
                                                                            - Owning 
                                                                            33.33% of 
 Li3C (Mozambique)                                                          Lithium B 
  (Pty) Ltd                  10,000           $6,633           Australia    S.A. 
                        -----------  ---------------  ------------------  ---------------- 
 Lithium B S.A.              30,000             $nil          Mozambique   Exploration 
                        -----------  ---------------  ------------------  ---------------- 
 
     Total purchase consideration           $119,764 
                                     ---------------  ------------------------------------ 
 
 
   32.          Related party transactions 

Ultimate controlling party

There is no single ultimate controlling party.

Transactions with key management personnel

Loans from directors

During 2020 all loans to directors were settled by the issue of shares. The amount outstanding at year end is nil (2020: nil). Refer to note 18 for detailed information.

Supplies and Services

During 2021, administration fees of $0.114 (2020: $0.114 million) were paid by Premier to a trading business in which George Roach, Director, is the beneficial owner. Administration fees comprised allocated rental costs and administrative support services. At the financial year-end the amount outstanding is nil (2020: nil).

The amount outstanding at 31 December 2021 for Brendan Roach for directors fees of RHA is nil (2020 : nil).

The amount outstanding at 31 December 2021 for Godfrey Manhambara for directors fees of is $0.092 (2020: nil).

The amount outstanding at 31 December 2021 for Wolfgang Hampel for directors fees of is $0.011 million (2020 - $0.002 million).

The amount outstanding at 31 December 2021 for Neil Herbert for directors fees of is nil (2020: nil).

Borrowings

In April 2018 Brendan Roach loaned the company GBP 0.084 million. The outstanding loan balance as at 31 December 2019 is $0.128 million. During 2020 the loan was settled by the issue of shares. The amount outstanding at year end is nil. Refer to note 18 for detailed information.

During the financial year, Neil Herbert advanced $0.180 million to Premier African Minerals to facilitate an additional loan to MN Holdings.

Remuneration of key management personnel

The remuneration of the Directors and other key management personnel of the Group are set out below for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures.

 
                               2021    2020 
                              $ 000   $ 000 
 
 Consulting Fees (Note 28)      381     273 
 Staff costs                    114     160 
 Directors' fees (Note 28)      118      35 
                                613     468 
                             ------  ------ 
 
   33.          Events after the reporting date 
   33.1        Corporate matters 

On the 10 January 2022, Premier appointed of Mr. Errico Vascotto as a non-board Chief Operating Officer.

During February 2022, the Company accepted a share offer by Vortex Limited ("Vortex") for the exchange of Premier's entire 4.8% interest in Circum Minerals Limited ("Circum") for 5,010,333 new shares in the capital of Vortex representing an interest of approximately 13.1% of the enlarged share capital of Vortex. As part this transaction, Vortex agreed to provide Premier with observer rights to its day-to-day operations, including without limitation, access to any information updates from Circum. Premier will also have certain pre-emptive rights to ensure that Premier is able to protect and maintain its interest in Vortex.

In March 2022, Premier concluded a direct subscription with Suzhou TA&A Ultra Clean Technology Co., Ltd ("Suzhou TA&A") to raise GBP12 million before expenses at an issue price of 0.4 pence per new ordinary share for the ongoing DFS at Premier's Zulu Lithium and Tantalum Project ("Transaction"). In accordance with this Transaction, Suzhou TA&A were also award the following:

i. exclusive offtake rights on commercial terms to the marketing and sale of 50 per cent of all spodumene produced at Zulu ("Offtake Rights");

ii. an irrevocable right of first refusal for 180 days from the date of the Subscription to match any further equity or loan related funding that is contemplated by Premier, in particular any deal relating to Zulu, on terms no worse than those offered by another potential investor;

iii. A right of participation in any future funding so as to maintain Suzhou TA&A's shareholding of 13.38 per cent in Premier at all times; and

iv. A right to appoint one director to serve on the boards of Premier, Zulu Lithium Mauritius Limited, and Zulu Lithium (Private) Limited ("Board Appointment"). To this extent, Dr Luo Wei was appointed as Non-Executive Director of the Company on the 14 April 2022.

In April 2022, Premier entered into a binding Joint Venture Agreement ("JV Agreement") with Li3 Resources Inc. ("Li3 Resources") whereby Li3 Resources will acquire a 50% interest in Premier's hard-rock lithium assets located in the Mutare Greenstone Belt in Zimbabwe. This JV Agreement facilitates is intended to facilitate exploration activities that are funded independently of Premier's. To date, Premier is yet to receive the funding, however Li3 Resources has until 31 December 2022 to acquire the 50% interest in the Li3 Project by spending US$250,000 in further exploration works.

On the 27 April 2022, Neil Herbert elected to resign from the board of Premier to pursue his other business interests including his recent appointment as executive Chairman of Atlantic Lithium. George Roach agreed to act as the interim Chairman for a limited period.

In May 2022, the Company awarded 1,127,500,000 share options to both directors and management ("Options"). Options for up to 317,500,000 ordinary shares of no-par value in the Company (the "Director Options") were awarded to Directors. In addition, the Company has also issued a further 810,000,000 options to a non-board members and management on similar terms ("Management Options").

In June, the Company entered into a binding heads of terms with Suzhou TA&A to provide a pre-funding amount US$34,644,385 to enable the construction and commissioning of a large-scale pilot plant at the Zulu Lithium Project.

   34           Ultimate Controlling Company 

There is no single ultimate controlling company for Premier.

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June 30, 2022 09:00 ET (13:00 GMT)