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| Share Name | Share Symbol | Market | Type | Share ISIN | Share Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank Of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company | LSE:BOCH | London | Ordinary Share | IE00BD5B1Y92 | ORD EUR0.10 (CDI) |
| Price Change | % Change | Share Price | Bid Price | Offer Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Shares Traded | Last Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.00 | 0.62% | 322.00 | 322.00 | 324.00 | 324.00 | 319.00 | 324.00 | 41,883 | 16:15:23 |
| Industry Sector | Turnover | Profit | EPS - Basic | PE Ratio | Market Cap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | N/A | 0 |
TIDMBOCH
RNS Number : 1406P
Bank of Cyprus Holdings PLC
29 August 2017
Hot Features
Premium
Mid-Year Financial Report 30 June 2017
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Contents Page
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Board of Directors and Executives 1
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Forward Looking Statements and Notes 2
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Interim Management Report 3
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Interim Consolidated Income Statement 18
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Interim Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive
Income 19
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Interim Consolidated Balance Sheet 20
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Interim Consolidated Statement of Changes in
Equity 21
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Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 23
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Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements
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1. Corporate information 25
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2. Unaudited financial statements 25
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3. Summary of significant accounting policies 25
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4. Going concern 28
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5. Operating environment 29
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6. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions 31
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7. Segmental analysis 35
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8. Net gains on financial instrument transactions 42
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9. Staff costs and other operating expenses 42
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10. Impairment of financial and non-financial
instruments 43
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11. Income tax 44
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12. Earnings per share 44
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13. Investments 45
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14. Derivative financial instruments 46
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15. Fair value measurement 47
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16. Loans and advances to customers 51
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17. Stock of property 52
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18. Prepayments, accrued income and other assets 53
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19. Non-current assets held for sale 53
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20. Funding from central banks 54
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21. Customer deposits 54
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22. Subordinated loan stock 56
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23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities 56
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24. Share capital 61
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25. Cash and cash equivalents 63
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26. Analysis of assets and liabilities by expected
maturity 65
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27. Risk management - Credit risk 66
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28. Risk management - Market risk 90
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29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding 90
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30. Capital management 95
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31. Related party transactions 95
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32. Group companies 98
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33. Acquisitions and disposals 101
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34. Investments in associates and joint ventures 102
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35. Capital commitments 103
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Independent Review Report to the Bank of Cyprus
Holdings Public Limited Company 104
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Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures
including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures 106
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Definitions and explanations on Alternative
Performance Measures Disclosures 141
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Board of Directors and Executives
as at 28 August 2017
Board of Directors
of Prof. Dr. Josef Ackermann
Bank of Cyprus CHAIRMAN
Holdings Public
Limited Company Maksim Goldman
VICE CHAIRMAN
---------------------
Arne Berggren
Lyn Grobler
Dr. Michael Heger
John Patrick Hourican
Dr. Christodoulos Patsalides
Michalis Spanos
Ioannis Zographakis
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Executive Committee
John Patrick Hourican
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Dr. Christodoulos Patsalides
DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER
Michalis Athanasiou
CHIEF RISK OFFICER
Nick Fahy
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, BANK OF CYPRUS
UK
Eliza Livadiotou
FINANCE DIRECTOR
Panicos Nicolaou
DIRECTOR CORPORATE BANKING
Louis Pochanis
DIRECTOR INTERNATIONAL BANKING SERVICES
AND WEALTH, BROKERAGE
AND ASSET MANAGEMENT
Dr. Charis Pouangare
DIRECTOR CONSUMER AND SME BANKING
Nicolas Scott Smith
DIRECTOR RESTRUCTURING AND RECOVERIES
DIVISION
Anna Sofroniou
DIRECTOR REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT UNIT
Aristos Stylianou
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN, INSURANCE BUSINESSES
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Company Secretary Katia Santis
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Legal Advisers Arthur Cox
as to matters of
Irish Law
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Legal Advisers Sidley Austin LLP
as to matters of
English and US
Law
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Legal Advisers Chryssafinis & Polyviou LLC
as to matters of
Cypriot Law
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Independent Auditors Ernst & Young Chartered Accountants
Ernst & Young Building
Harcourt Centre
Harcourt Street
Dublin 2
Ireland
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Registered Office Arthur Cox,
Ten Earlsfort Terrace
Dublin 2
D02 T380
Ireland
--------------------- -------------------------------------------
Forward Looking Statements and Notes
This document contains certain forward-looking statements which can usually be identified by terms used such as 'expect', 'should be', 'will be' and similar expressions or variations thereof. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company Group (the Group) intentions, beliefs or current expectations and projections about the Group's future results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, performance, prospects, anticipated growth, provisions, impairments, strategies and opportunities. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events, and depend upon circumstances, that will or may occur in the future. Factors that could cause actual business, strategy and/or results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements made by the Group include, but are not limited to: general economic and political conditions in Cyprus and other European Union (EU) Member States, interest rate and foreign exchange fluctuations, legislative, fiscal and regulatory developments and information technology, litigation and other operational risks. Should any one or more of these or other factors materialise, or should any underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, the actual results or events could differ materially from those currently being anticipated as reflected in such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this document are only applicable as from the date of publication of this document. Except as required by any applicable law or regulation, the Group expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained in this document to reflect any change in the Group's expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based.
The definitions and explanation on Alternative Performance Measures Disclosures are presented in 'Definitions and explanations on Alternative Performance Measures Disclosures' of the Mid-Year Financial Report for the six months ended 30 June 2017.
The Mid-Year Financial Report for the six months ended 30 June 2017 is available at the Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company Registered Office (at Ten Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, D02 T380, Ireland) and on the Group's website www.bankofcyprus.com (Investor Relations/Financial Results).
Interim Management Report
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 A.1 Group reorganisation
On 18 January 2017 Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company (the Company) became the sole shareholder of Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd (BOC PCL). This reorganisation was treated as a reorganisation of an existing entity that has not changed the substance of the reporting entity.
The owners of BOC PCL before the reorganisation have the same absolute and relative interests in the net assets of the Group (being the Company, BOC PCL and its subsidiaries) immediately before and after the reorganisation, since the assets and liabilities of the Group and the BOC group (being BOC PCL and its subsidiaries) are the same immediately before and after the reorganisation. Hence, the Group is considered as a continuation of BOC group.
As this transaction did not result in any change of economic substance it also did not have any effect on the total equity of the Group. The Group's financial statements reflect the difference in the amounts of share capital, share premium and capital reduction reserves as an adjustment in equity.
A.2 Balance Sheet Analysis A.2.1 Capital Base
Shareholders' equity totalled EUR2,543 million at 30 June 2017, compared to EUR3,071 million at 31 December 2016. The Common Equity Tier 1 capital (CET1) ratio (transitional basis) stood at 12.3% at 30 June 2017, compared to 14.5% at 31 December 2016. During the six months ended 30 June 2017 the CET1 ratio was negatively affected by the loss for the period and by the phase in of transitional adjustments mainly deferred tax assets, despite the reduction in risk weighted assets (RWA). Adjusting for Deferred Tax Assets, the CET1 ratio on a fully-loaded basis totalled 11.8% at 30 June 2017, decreased by 2.1 percentage points when compared to 13.9% at 31 December 2016. As at 30 June 2017, the Total Capital ratio stood at 13.8%, decreased by 0.8 percentage points when compared to 14.6% at 31 December 2016.
The Group's capital ratios are above the minimum CET1 regulatory capital ratio of 9.50% (comprising of a 4.5% Pillar I requirement, a 3.75% Pillar II requirement and a phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) of 1.25%) and the overall Total Capital Ratio requirement of 13.00%, comprising of a Pillar I requirement of 8% (of which up to 1.5% can be in the form of Additional Tier 1 capital and up to 2.0% in the form of Tier 2 capital), a Pillar II requirement of 3.75% (in the form of CET1), as well as a phased-in CCB of 1.25%. The European Central Bank (ECB) has also provided non-public guidance for an additional Pillar II CET1 buffer.
The Group continues to develop its processes to enable IFRS 9 to be implemented on 1 January 2018. The Group expects to be in a position to provide a robust estimate on the effect on its CET1 ratio later in the year, when the implementation programme, validation and testing is further advanced. The capital impact of any opening IFRS 9 adjustment to the provision stock is expected to be largely phased-in over a five year period in line with the proposal of the Council of the European Union. As a result, the effect of introducing IFRS 9 on CET1 in 2018 is expected to be small on a phased-in basis.
In January 2017, the Group raised EUR250 million of Tier 2 capital. The Group will continue, subject to market conditions, to examine opportunities to raise additional Tier 2 and/or AT1 bonds in the next 12 months. This will further strengthen the Group's capital base well ahead of the Minimum Required Eligible Liabilities ('MREL') and create greater versatility into the future.
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (continued) A.2 Balance Sheet Analysis (continued) A.2.2 Funding and Liquidity
Funding
Funding from Central Banks
At 30 June 2017, BOC PCL's funding from central banks totalled EUR900 million, which relates wholly to ECB funding, compared to funding from central banks at 31 December 2016 of EUR850 million, which comprised Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) funding of EUR200 million and ECB funding of EUR650 million. The ECB funding of EUR900 million at 30 June 2017 comprises EUR830 million through Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO II), EUR40 million through Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (LTRO) and EUR30 million through the Main Refinancing Operations (MRO).
BOC PCL has fully repaid ELA in January 2017.
Deposits
Group customer deposits totalled EUR16,584 million at 30 June 2017, compared to EUR16,510 million at 31 December 2016. During the six months ended 30 June 2017, deposits remained broadly stable, with the focus shifting towards the deposit mix and now more than fully fund the loan book. Cyprus deposits stood at EUR15,010 million at 30 June 2017, accounting for 91% of Group customer deposits. In constant exchange rates, Group customer deposits increased by EUR288 million and customer deposits in Cyprus increased by EUR143 million during the first six months of 2017. BOC PCL's deposit market share in Cyprus reached 31.3% at 30 June 2017. Customer deposits accounted for 75% of total assets at 30 June 2017. The Loan to Deposit ratio (L/D) stood at 90% at 30 June 2017, down from 95% at 31 December 2016, compared to a high of 151% at 31 March 2014.
Subordinated loan stock
In January 2017 BOC PCL tapped the debt capital markets and issued a EUR250 million unsecured and subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note.
Liquidity
As at 30 June 2017 the Group Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) stood at 108% (compared to 49% at 31 December 2016) and is in compliance with the minimum regulatory requirement of 80% (which will increase to 100% by 1 January 2018). As at 30 June 2017, BOC PCL was not in compliance with the local regulatory liquidity requirements with respect to its operations in Cyprus. The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR ratio) is currently expected to be introduced on 1 January 2018, with a minimum requirement of 100%. As at 30 June 2017 the Group's NSFR, on the basis of Basel 3 standards, was 102% (compared to 95% at 31 December 2016). After repayment of ELA in January 2017, the Group has been focusing on measures to improve its liquidity position so as to be in compliance with both LCR and NSFR.
A.2.3 Loans
Group gross loans totalled EUR19,505 million at 30 June 2017, compared to EUR20,130 million at 31 December 2016. Gross loans in Cyprus totalled EUR17,687 million at 30 June 2017 and accounted for 91% of Group gross loans. BOC PCL is the single largest credit provider in Cyprus with a 38.7% loan market share at 30 June 2017. Gross loans in the UK amounted to EUR1,434 million at 30 June 2017 and accounted for 7% of Group total gross loans. New loan originations for the Group reached EUR1,143 million for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (of which EUR845 million were granted in Cyprus and EUR298 million by the UK subsidiary), more than double the new lending in the corresponding period in the previous year.
At 30 June 2017, Group net loans and advances to customers totalled EUR14,913 million (31 December 2016: EUR15,649 million), including net loans and advances to customers with carrying value of EUR20 million which were classified as held for sale as at 30 June 2017 in line with IFRS 5.
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (continued) A.2 Balance Sheet Analysis (continued) A.2.4 Loan portfolio quality
Tackling the Group's loan portfolio quality remains the top priority for management. The Group continues to make steady progress across all asset quality metrics and the loan restructuring activity continues. The Group has been successful in engineering restructuring solutions across the spectrum of its loan portfolio. There is a shift of focus on the Retail and SME portfolios, as well as the terminated Non-performing exposures NPEs (in the Recoveries department), with recoveries via foreclosures to unlock solutions with problematic cases and non-cooperative borrowers, and collections via the specialised unit Retail Arrears Management and other available tools to ensure early and continuous engagement with clients.
Loans in arrears for more than 90 days (90+ DPD) were reduced by EUR748 million in the first six months ended 30 June 2017. The decrease was the result of restructuring activity, debt for asset swaps and write offs. 90+ DPD stood at EUR7,561 million at 30 June 2017, accounting for 39% of gross loans (90+ DPD ratio), compared to 41% at 31 December 2016. The provisioning coverage ratio of 90+ DPD improved to 61% at 30 June 2017, compared to 54% at 31 December 2016. When taking into account tangible collateral at fair value, 90+ DPD loans are fully covered. The provisioning coverage ratio of 90+ DPD, calculated with reference to the contractual balances of customers, totalled 73% at 30 June 2017, compared to 67% as at 31 December 2016.
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
============================================================= ======================== ========================
EURmillion % of gross EURmillion % of gross
loans loans
============================================================= =========== =========== =========== ===========
90+ DPD 7,561 38.8% 8,309 41.3%
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Comprising:
============================================================= =========== =========== =========== ===========
* Loans with arrears for over 90 days but not impaired 1,420 7.3% 1,408 7.0%
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* impaired loans 6,141 31.5% 6,901 34.3%
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Of which:
============================================================= =========== =========== =========== ===========
* impaired with no arrears 409 2.1% 472 2.3%
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* impaired with arrears less than 90 days 29 0.1% 91 0.5%
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NPEs as defined by the European Banking Authority (EBA) were reduced by
EUR1.3 billion or 12% during the six months ended 30 June 2017 to EUR9,752 million at 30 June 2017, accounting for 50% of gross loans, compared to 55% at 31 December 2016. This is the fourth consecutive quarter during which the quarterly reduction of NPEs exceeded the reduction of 90+ DPD mainly due to the curing of restructured performing NPEs that met the exit criteria following satisfactory performance post their restructuring. The Group expects the reduction in non-performing loans to continue and is in parallel actively exploring alternative avenues to accelerate this reduction. The provisioning coverage ratio of NPEs improved to 48% at 30 June 2017, up from 41% at 31 December 2016. When taking into account tangible collateral at fair value, NPEs are fully covered. The provisioning coverage ratio of NPEs, calculated with reference to the contractual balances of customers, stood at 60% at 30 June 2017, compared to 54% at 31 December 2016.
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
============================ ======================== ========================
EURmillion % of gross EURmillion % of gross
loans loans
============================ =========== =========== =========== ===========
NPEs as per EBA definition 9,752 50.0% 11,034 54.8%
============================ =========== =========== =========== ===========
Of which:
============================ =========== =========== =========== ===========
- NPEs with forbearance
measures, no impairments
and no arrears 1,558 8.0% 2,037 10.1%
============================ =========== =========== =========== ===========
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (continued)
A.2 Balance Sheet Analysis (continued)
A.2.5 Real Estate Management Unit (REMU)
The Real Estate Management Unit (REMU) on-boarded EUR229 million of assets via the execution of debt for asset swaps during the six months ended 30 June 2017. The focus for REMU is increasingly shifting from on-boarding of assets resulting from debt for asset swaps towards the disposal of these assets. The Group completed disposals of EUR140 million during the six months ended 30 June 2017. In addition the Group disposed of a property with carrying value EUR10 million, previously classified as investment property. Post 30 June 2017, the Group completed additional disposals of EUR35 million. As at 30 June 2017, assets held by REMU had a carrying value of EUR1.5 billion.
Six months 2016
ended
30 June
2017
============================= =========== ===========
Assets held by REMU (Group) EURmillion EURmillion
============================= =========== ===========
Opening balance 1,427 542
============================= =========== ===========
On-boarded assets 229 1,086
============================= =========== ===========
Sales (140) (166)
============================= =========== ===========
Closing balance 1,502 1,427
============================= =========== ===========
A.2.6 Non-core overseas exposures
The remaining non-core overseas net exposures (including both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet exposures) at 30 June 2017 are as follows:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
========= =========== ============
EURmillion EURmillion
========= =========== ============
Greece 240 283
========= =========== ============
Romania 108 149
========= =========== ============
Serbia 9 42
========= =========== ============
Russia 38 44
========= =========== ============
In accordance with Group's strategy to exit from overseas non-core operations, the operations of the Bank of Cyprus branch in Romania are expected to be terminated during 2017, subject to regulatory approvals. The remaining assets and liabilities of the branch are in the process to be transferred to other entities of the Group.
In addition to the above, at 30 June 2017 there were overseas exposures of EUR173 million in Greece (compared to exposures of EUR189 million in Greece and EUR57 million in Romania as at 31 December 2016), not identified as non-core exposures, since they are considered by management as exposures arising in the normal course of business. There were no overseas exposures not identified as non-core exposures in Romania as at 30 June 2017.
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (continued) A.3 Income Statement Analysis A.3.1 Total income
Net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM) for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR316 million and 3.37% respectively. NII was down by 12% compared to EUR360 million during the corresponding period in the prior year, reflecting the low interest rate environment and the lower volume of loans primarily as a result of the debt for asset swaps.
Average interest earning assets for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR18,952 million down by 6% on a yearly basis, largely due to debt for asset swaps.
Non-interest income for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR154 million, with recurring income comprising net fee and commission income of EUR88 million and net insurance income of EUR25 million. Non-interest income for the six months ended 30 June 2017 increased by 27% yoy, largely driven by the new and increased commission charges introduced in the fourth quarter of 2016. Except from insurance income which remained nearly constant compared to the corresponding period last year, the remaining component of non-interest income for the six months ended 30 June 2017 was a profit of EUR41 million which includes a net gain of EUR12 million on the disposal of assets by REMU.
Total income for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR470 million, compared to EUR482 million for the corresponding period last year (2% decrease yoy), with the reduction primarily reflecting the yoy reduction in NII.
A.3.2 Total expenses
Total expenses for the six months ended 30 June 2017 were EUR214 million, 52% of which related to staff costs (EUR111 million), 40% to other operating expenses (EUR85 million) and 8% to special levy and contribution to Single Resolution Fund (SRF) (EUR18 million).
The cost to income ratio for the six months ended 30 June 2017 was 46%. Excluding the special levy and contribution to the SRF, the cost to income ratio for the six months ended 30 June 2017 was 42%.
A.3.3 (Loss)/profit before tax, advisory, voluntary exit plan (VEP) and other restructuring costs
Operating profit for the six months ended 30 June 2017 was EUR256 million, compared to EUR280 million for the same period last year (down by 9% yoy). The decrease mainly reflects the lower net interest income and higher non-staff costs including contribution to the SRF.
Provision charge for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled EUR656 million, compared to EUR158 million for the same period last year following increased provisions which increased the provision coverage to 48%, close to the medium term target of 50%. The elevated provisioning levels reflect changes in BOC PCL's provisioning assumptions as a result of the Group's reconsideration of its strategy to more actively explore other innovative strategy solutions to further accelerate balance sheet de-risking. Following this, the annualised provisioning charge for the six months ended 30 June 2017 accounted for 4.2% of gross loans. An amount of c. EUR500 million reflecting the one-off effect of the change in the provisioning assumptions is included in the calculation of Cost of Risk but is not annualised.
At 30 June 2017, accumulated provisions, including fair value adjustment on initial recognition and provisions for off-balance sheet exposures, totalled EUR4,638 million (compared to EUR4,519 million at 31 December 2016) and accounted for 23.8% of gross loans (compared to 22.4% at 31 December 2016).
Impairments of other financial and non-financial assets for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled EUR36 million (compared to EUR22 million for the same period last year up by 67% yoy) and were primarily affected by impairment charges relating to legacy exposures and impairment losses of stock of properties in Greece and Romania.
A. Analysis of Group Financial Results for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (continued) A.3 Income Statement Analysis (continued)
A.3.3 Loss before tax, advisory, voluntary exit plan (VEP) and other restructuring costs (continued)
Provisions for litigation and regulatory matters for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR35 million. The charge relates mainly to a fine imposed by the Cyprus Commission for the Protection of Competition, the increase in provision for litigation for securities issued by BOC PCL between 2007 and 2011 and redress provision for the UK operations. The fine related to complaints filed in 2010 relating to BOC PCL's alleged abuse of its dominant market position in its cards business.
A.3.4 (Loss)/profit after tax
The tax charge for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled EUR72 million, compared to EUR12 million in the corresponding period in the previous year. The increase is mainly due to the reduction of deferred tax asset by EUR62 million, following the increase in provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers and evaluation of the recoverability assessment of the deferred tax asset balance.
Loss after tax and before advisory, VEP and other restructuring costs for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled EUR540 million compared to a profit after tax and before advisory, VEP and other restructuring costs of EUR84 million for the same period last year.
Advisory, VEP and other restructuring costs for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled EUR14 million compared to EUR87 million for the same period last year (down by 84%). The elevated levels in the previous year relate mainly to the VEP.
Loss after tax attributable to the owners of the Company for the six months ended 30 June 2017 was EUR554 million compared to a profit after tax of EUR56 million for the corresponding period last year.
B. Operating Environment
After a protracted recession Cyprus returned to growth in 2015 and continued to expand in the subsequent period. Real GDP increased by 2.8% in 2016, and by 3.7% and 3.5% respectively on a seasonally adjusted basis, in the first and second quarters of 2017. The growth momentum is expected to be maintained over the medium term supported by private consumption, gradually increasing investment, declining unemployment and favourable developments in tourism and business services.
Tourism remains robust aided by geopolitical tensions in competing destinations. Arrivals had reached record levels of 3.2 million people in 2016 according to the Cyprus Statistical Service and continued to expand in the first seven months of the year, rising by about 15% from the same period the year before. In the labour market the unemployment rate declined significantly to 11% in the second quarter on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to Eurostat, compared with a peak of 16.6% in the first quarter of 2015. Consumer inflation turned modestly positive in the first seven months of the year rising by 1% after falling for four consecutive years according to data from the Cyprus Statistical Service. In property markets demand has been rising as evidenced by an increasing number of sales contracts. The Central Bank's Residential Property Price Index increased by 0.2% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2017 and increased by 0.3% on a quarter-on-quarter basis, from the fourth quarter 2016.
In the area of public finance, the general government budget has been near balance since 2014 excluding recapitalisation costs of the cooperative credit sector, and public debt relative to GDP had risen to 107.8% at the end of 2016 according to Eurostat. Cyprus has consistently outperformed its fiscal targets during and after the economic adjustment programme. According to Eurostat, the primary surplus in 2016 was 3% of GDP and the general government budget was also a surplus of 0.4% of GDP.
Overall, the outlook for the medium term remains favourable and an average of real GDP growth of 2.8% is expected in the period 2017-2019 according to the Ministry of Finance. Upside factors relate to a longer period of low oil prices, further improvement of economic fundamentals in the euro area and stronger investment spending as property prices are stabilising and as projects in tourism, energy and public works are being implemented.
B. Operating Environment (continued)
Downside risks to the outlook are associated with the still high levels of non-performing loans, and public debt ratio, and with a possible deterioration of the external environment for Cyprus. This may involve slower growth in the UK with a weakening of the pound as a result of uncertainty resulting from Brexit. The direct consequences on Cyprus from Brexit, will mostly emanate from tourist activity. The possible loss of UK tourist arrivals may be mitigated at least in part, by increases in arrivals of tourists from other destinations as airline connectivity improves. Political uncertainty in Europe triggered by a British exit or by the refugee crisis could also lead to increased economic uncertainty and undermine economic confidence.
In this context of a strengthening economy and narrowing imbalances, the Cyprus government benefited from a series of rating upgrades. Most recently in July 2017, Moody's Investors Service upgraded the long-term issuer rating of the Cyprus sovereign to Ba3 from B1 previously and maintained its outlook to positive. In March 2017, S&P Global Ratings upgraded the Cyprus sovereign to BB+ which is one notch below investment grade. The key drivers for rating upgrades have been stronger economic performance than expected, progress in the banking sector and consistent fiscal outperformance.
C. Business Overview
With the Cypriot operations accounting for 91% of gross loans and 91% of customer deposits, the Group's financial performance is highly correlated to the economic and operating conditions in Cyprus and will consequently benefit from the country's recovery.
The strategic focus of the Group is to reshape its business model to grow in the core Cypriot market through prudent new lending and carefully developing the UK franchise. The Group expects to continue to be able to support the recovery of the Cyprus economy through the provision of new lending. Growth in new lending in Cyprus is focused on selected industries that are more in line with BOC PCL's target risk profile, such as tourism, trade, professional services, information/communication technologies, energy, education and green projects. BOC PCL is currently looking to carefully expand its UK operations, remaining consistent with the Group's overall credit appetite and regulatory environment. With selective presences in London and Birmingham and a predominantly retail funded franchise, the UK strategy is to support its core proposition in the property market, specifically targeting the professional buy-to-let market and further expanding its mortgage business and its savings, current accounts and trade-related products for SMEs, professionals and Cypriot residents.
Aiming at supporting investments by SMEs and mid-caps to boost the Cypriot economy and create new jobs for young people, BOC PCL continues to provide joint financed schemes. BOC PCL continues its partnership with the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Investment Fund (EIF), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the Cyprus Government.
Management is also placing emphasis on diversifying income streams by boosting fee income from international transaction services, wealth management and insurance. The Group's insurance companies, EuroLife Ltd and General Insurance of Cyprus Ltd operating in the sectors of life and general insurance respectively, constitute a leading player in the insurance business in Cyprus, with such businesses providing a recurring income, further diversifying the Group's income streams. The insurance income net of insurance claims for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR25 million (at the same levels as the six months ended 30 June 2016), contributing to 16% of non-interest income.
In order to further improve its funding structure, BOC PCL is stepping up its efforts to grow lower cost deposits, and take advantage of the increased customer confidence towards BOC PCL, as well as improving macroeconomic conditions.
On 19 January 2017, the Company was admitted to listing and trading on the London Stock Exchange ('LSE') and the Cyprus Stock Exchange ('CSE'). The listing on the LSE is another significant milestone in the execution of the Group's strategy. It is expected to improve the liquidity of the Group's stock, which will enhance the Group's visibility and lead to a broader base of investors capable of supporting the Group in the long-term. This will further enhance the confidence of all stakeholders in the Group. The Company continues to work towards a premium listing on the LSE, and intends to apply for a step up to the premium segment of the LSE at a future date, with the intention of becoming eligible for inclusion in the FTSE UK Index series.
D. Outlook
The Group remains on track for implementing its strategic objectives aiming to become a stronger, safer and a more focused institution capable of supporting the recovery of the Cypriot economy and delivering appropriate shareholder returns in the medium term. The key pillars of the Group's strategy are to:
-- Materially reduce the level of delinquent loans
-- Further improve the funding structure
-- Maintain an appropriate capital position by internally generating capital
-- Focus on the core Cyprus market and the UK operations
-- Achieve a lean operating model
-- Deliver value to shareholders and other stakeholders
KEY PILLARS PLAN OF ACTION
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
1. Materially reduce the level of delinquent loans
* Sustain momentum in restructuring
* Focus on terminated portfolios (in Recovery Unit) -
'accelerated consensual foreclosures'
* Real estate management via REMU
* Explore alternative NPE reduction measures such as
NPE sales, securitisations etc.
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
2. Further improve the funding structure
* Focus on shape and cost of deposit franchise
* Increase loan pool for the Additional Credit Claim
framework of ECB
* Further diversify funding sources
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
3. Maintain an appropriate capital position
* Internally generate capital
* Potential AT1 issuance
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
4. Focus on core markets
* Targeted lending in Cyprus into promising sectors to
fund recovery
* New loan origination, while maintaining lending
yields
* Revenue diversification via fee income from
international business, wealth, and insurance
* Careful expansion of UK franchise by leveraging the
UK subsidiary
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
5. Achieve a lean operating model
* Tangible savings through a targeted reduction program
* Introduce technology/processes to improve
distribution channels and reduce costs
* Human Resource policies aimed at enhancing
productivity
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
6. Deliver returns
* Deliver appropriate medium term risk-adjusted returns
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------
D. Outlook (continued)
The table below shows the Group's performance against the Medium Term Targets.
Group Key Performance Indicators Actual Actual Medium-Term
December June Targets
2016 2017
========================================= ========== ======== ============
90+ Days Past Due
Asset Quality ratio 41% 39% <20%
=============== ======================== ========== ======== ============
NPEs ratio 55% 50% <30%
======================================== ========== ======== ============
NPEs coverage ratio 41% 48% >50%
======================================== ========== ======== ============
Provisioning charge 1.7% 4.2%* <1.0%
(Cost of Risk)
(annualised)
======================== ========== ======== ============
Net Loans % Deposits 95% 90% 90-110%
======================================== ========== ======== ============
Capital CET 1 Ratio 14.5% 12.3% >13%
=============== ======================== ========== ======== ============
Total Capital Ratio 14.6% 13.8% >15%
======================================== ========== ======== ============
Net interest margin
Efficiency (annualised) 3.47% 3.37% 3.00%
=============== ======================== ========== ======== ============
Net fee and commission 17%** 19% >20%
income / total
income
=============== ======================== ========== ======== ============
Cost to Income
ratio 41% 46%*** 40-45%
======================================== ========== ======== ============
Balance Total assets EUR22.2 EUR22.1 >EUR25
Sheet bn bn bn
=============== ======================== ========== ======== ============
* An amount of provisions of c. EUR500 million reflecting the one-off effect of the change in the provisioning assumptions are included in the calculation of Cost of Risk but is not annualised.
** The net fee and commission income over total income for December 2016 excludes non-recurring fees of approximately EUR7 million.
*** The cost to income ratio for the six months ended 30 June 2017 excluding the special levy and contribution to the SRF was 42%, compared to 40% for the corresponding period last year.
E. Financial Results
Interim Condensed Consolidated Income Statement
EURmillion 1H2017 1H2016 +/-% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Net interest income 316 360 -12% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Net fee and commission income 88 74 19% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Net foreign exchange gains and net gains on other financial instruments 23 15 48% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Insurance income net of insurance claims 25 25 -1% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Net gains from revaluation and disposal of investment properties and on disposal of stock of properties 10 2 354% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Other income 8 6 50% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Total income 470 482 -2% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Staff costs (111) (117) -5% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Other operating expenses (85) (75) 13% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Special levy and contribution to Single Resolution Fund (18) (10) 85% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Total expenses (214) (202) 6% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Operating profit 256 280 -9% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Provision charge (656) (158) 316% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Impairments of other financial and non-financial assets (36) (22) 67% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Provisions for litigation and regulatory matters (35) 0 - ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Total provisions and impairments (727) (180) 306% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Share of profit from associates and joint ventures 4 2 146% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ (Loss)/profit before tax and restructuring costs (467) 102 - ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Tax (72) (12) 490% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Profit attributable to non-controlling interests (1) (6) -90% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ (Loss)/profit after tax and before restructuring costs (540) 84 - ========================================= ------- ------- ------ Advisory, VEP and other restructuring costs (14) (87) -84% ========================================= ======= ======= ====== Net gain on disposal of non-core assets - 59 -100% ========================================= ------- ------- ------ (Loss)/profit after tax (554) 56 - ========================================= ======= ======= ======
In the Interim Consolidated Income Statement, within the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the six months ended 30 June 2017:
-- Provision charge includes gain on derecognition of loans and advances to customers and changes in expected cash flows.
-- Advisory, VEP and other restructuring costs of EUR14 million are presented within 'Other operating expenses' (corresponding period of 2016: EUR25 million within 'Other operating expenses' and EUR62 million within 'Staff costs').
-- The net gain on disposal of non-core assets for the six months ended 30 June 2016 of EUR1 million and EUR58 million are presented within 'Other income' and 'Net gains on financial instrument transactions' respectively.
E. Financial Results (continued) Key Performance Ratios 1H2017 1H2016 +/-% ==================================== ========= ======= =============== Net Interest Margin (annualised) 3.37% 3.59% * 22 bps* ==================================== ========= ======= =============== Cost to income ratio 46% 42% +4 p.p.* ==================================== ========= ======= =============== Cost to income ratio excluding special levy and contribution to Single Resolution Fund 42% 40% +2 p.p.* ==================================== ========= ======= =============== Operating profit return on average -20 assets (annualised) 2.3% 2.5% bps* ==================================== ========= ======= =============== Basic earnings per share (EUR cent) (124.19) 0.63 (124.82) ==================================== ========= ======= ===============
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
EURmillion 30.06.2017 31.12.2016 +/-
%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Cash and balances with central
banks 2,317 1,506 54%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Loans and advances to banks 708 1,088 -35%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Debt securities, treasury bills
and equity investments 918 674 36%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Net loans and advances to customers 14,913 15,649 -5%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Stock of property 1,502 1,427 5%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Other assets 1,729 1,828 -5%
===================================== ----------- ----------- -----
Total assets 22,087 22,172 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Deposits by banks 415 435 -5%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Funding from central banks 900 850 6%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Repurchase agreements 256 257 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Customer deposits 16,584 16,510 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Subordinated loan stock 257 - -
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Other liabilities 1,097 1,014 8%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
Total liabilities 19,509 19,066 2%
===================================== ----------- ----------- -----
Shareholders' equity 2,543 3,071 -17%
===================================== ----------- ----------- -----
Non-controlling interests 35 35 2%
===================================== ----------- ----------- -----
Total equity 2,578 3,106 -17%
===================================== ----------- ----------- -----
Total liabilities and equity 22,087 22,172 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =====
* p.p = percentage points, bps = basis points, 100 basis points (bps) = 1 percentage point
E. Financial Results (continued)
Key Balance Sheet figures and 30.06.2017 31.12.2016 +/-
ratios %
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Gross loans (EURmillion) 19,505 20,130 -3%
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Accumulated provisions (EURmillion) 4,638 4,519 +3%
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Customer deposits (EURmillion) 16,584 16,510 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Loan to deposit ratio (net) 90% 95% -5 p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
90+ DPD ratio 39% 41% -2 p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
90+ DPD provisioning coverage
ratio 61% 54% +7 p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
NPE ratio 50% 55% -5 p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
NPE provisioning coverage ratio 48% 41% +7 p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Quarterly average interest earning
assets (EURmillion) 18,996 19,060 0%
===================================== =========== =========== =========
-2.2
Leverage ratio 11,0% 13.2% p.p.*
===================================== =========== =========== =========
Capital ratios and risk weighted 30.06.2017 31.12.2016 +/-
assets %
=================================== =========== =========== ========
Common Equity Tier 1 capital -2.2
ratio (CET1) (transitional) 12.3% 14.5% p.p.*
=================================== =========== =========== ========
-2.1
CET1 (fully loaded) 11.8% 13.9% p.p.*
=================================== =========== =========== ========
Total capital ratio 13.8% 14.6% -8 bps*
=================================== =========== =========== ========
Risk weighted assets (EURmillion) 17,368 18,865 -8%
=================================== =========== =========== ========
* p.p = percentage points, bps = basis points, 100 basis points (bps) = 1 percentage point
F. Going concern
The management has made an assessment of the Group's ability to continue as a going concern.
The conditions that existed during the six months ended 30 June 2017 and the developments up to the date of approval of these Financial Statements that have been considered in management's going concern assessment include, amongst others, the operating environment in Cyprus and of the Group (Note 5).
The management believes that the Group is taking all necessary measures to maintain its viability and the development of its business in the current economic environment.
The management, taking into consideration the factors described below and the uncertainties that existed at the reporting date, is satisfied that the Group has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future and, therefore, the going concern principle is appropriate for the reasons set out below, despite the fact that, as disclosed in Notes 5.2.3 and 29 of the Financial Statements, the Group is currently not in compliance with its liquidity regulatory requirements with respect to its operations in Cyprus and is therefore dependent on continuing regulatory forbearance which can be considered as a material uncertainty as to its ability to continue as a going concern. Following the repayment of ELA in January 2017 (31 December 2016: EUR200 million), the Group has achieved compliance with the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR).
-- he Group's Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio at 30 June 2017 stands at 12.3% (transitional) and the total capital ratio at 13.8%, higher than the minimum required ratios (Note 5.2.1).
-- The increase in the liquid assets of the Group and compliance with the LCR ratio requirements. The ELA funding was repaid in full on 5 January 2017 (Note 5.2.3).
-- The increasing level of Group customer deposits (increase of EUR74 million during the six months ended 30 June 2017). At 30 June 2017 customer deposits stood at EUR16,584 million.
F. Going concern (continued)
-- The Cyprus government rating has been repeatedly upgraded. In July 2017 Moody's Investors Service upgraded the long-term issuer rating of the Cyprus sovereign to Ba3 from B1 and maintained its outlook to positive. In March 2017 S&P Global Ratings upgraded the Cyprus sovereign to BB+ which is one notch below investment grade.
-- BOC PCL regained access to the debt capital markets in January 2017 with the issuance of EUR250 million unsecured subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note.
G. Principal risks and uncertainties
Like other financial organisations, the Group is exposed and expects to continue to be exposed for the remaining of the financial year to risks, the most significant of which are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (arising from adverse movements in exchange rates, interest rates and security prices) and insurance risk.
Since the Group is considered as a continuation of the BOC group, detailed information relating to Group risk management is set out in Notes 43 to 46 of the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of the BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016 and in the Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures which form part of the 2016 Annual Financial Report of the BOC group.
Aside from the risks set out below and those described in Notes 27 to 29 of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and in the Additional Risks and Capital Management Disclosures including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures section of this Mid-Year Financial Report there has been no other significant change to the significant risks and uncertainties during the period or no change is expected for the remaining six months of the financial year.
The Group monitors and manages these risks through various control mechanisms.
Additionally, the Group is exposed to the risk of changes in the fair value of property which is held either for own use or as stock of property or as investment property. Stock of property is generally acquired in debt satisfaction and is intended to be disposed of in line with the Group's strategy. Further information for stock of property is disclosed in Note 17 of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition, details of the significant judgements, estimates and assumptions which may have a material impact on the Group's financial performance and position are set out in Note 6 of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and in Note 5 of the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of the BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016.
H. Events after the reporting date
There are no material events which occurred after the reporting date.
I. Responsibility Statement
The members of the Board of Directors are responsible for preparing the Mid-Year Financial Report in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34 'Interim Financial Reporting' as adopted by the European Union (EU), the Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 and the Transparency Rules of the Central Bank of Ireland.
Each of the members of the Board of Directors (who are listed on page 1 of the Mid-Year Financial Report) confirm that to the best of their knowledge and belief the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended 30 June 2017 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 (adopted pursuant to the procedure provided for under Article 6 of Regulation EC No. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002) and that they give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group and that as required by the Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007, the Mid-Year Financial Report includes a fair review of:
-- the important events that have occurred during the first six months of the financial year, and their impact on the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements;
-- a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year (Notes 27 to 29); and
-- details of any related party transactions that have materially affected the Group's financial position or performance in the six months ended 30 June 2017, or material changes to related parties transactions described in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of the BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016.
The members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Group's website.
Prof. Dr. Josef Ackermann
Chairman
John Patrick Hourican
Chief Executive Officer
28 August 2017
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 30 June 2017
for the six months ended
Interim Consolidated Income Statement
Six months
ended
30 June
--------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
2017 2016
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Notes EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Turnover 606,230 640,822
------------------------------------------- ------ ========== ==========
Interest income 423,257 467,658
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Interest expense (106,972) (107,196)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Net interest income 316,285 360,462
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Fee and commission income 93,416 78,412
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Fee and commission expense (5,201) (4,544)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Net foreign exchange gains 20,570 16,313
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Net gains on financial instrument
transactions 8 2,439 57,389
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Insurance income net of claims and
commissions 24,422 24,633
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
(Losses)/gains from revaluation
and disposal of investment properties (1,925) 5,806
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Gains/(losses) on disposal of stock
of property 12,235 (3,533)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Other income 7,861 7,577
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
470,102 542,515
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Staff costs 9 (111,475) (179,279)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Other operating expenses 9 (151,690) (109,556)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
206,937 253,680
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Gain on derecognition of loans and
advances to customers and changes
in expected cash flows 94,900 22,166
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Provisions for impairment of loans
and advances to customers and other
customer credit losses 10 (750,920) (179,925)
------------------------------------------- ------ ========== ==========
Impairment of other financial instruments 10 (22,497) (12,228)
------------------------------------------- ------ ========== ==========
Impairment of non-financial instruments 10 (13,484) (9,362)
------------------------------------------- ------ ========== ==========
(Loss)/profit before share of profit
from associates and joint ventures (485,064) 74,331
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Share of profit from associates
and joint ventures 3,949 1,606
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
(Loss)/profit before tax (481,115) 75,937
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
Income tax 11 (72,282) (13,695)
------------------------------------------- ------ ---------- ----------
(Loss)/profit for the period (553,397) 62,242
------------------------------------------- ------ ========== ==========
Attributable to:
------------------------------- ---------- -------
Owners of the Company/BOC PCL (553,959) 56,372
-------------------------------- ---------- -------
Non-controlling interests 562 5,870
-------------------------------- ---------- -------
(Loss)/profit for the period (553,397) 62,242
-------------------------------- ========== =======
Basic and diluted (losses)/earnings
per share (cent) attributable to
the owners of the Company/BOC PCL 12 (124.2) 0.6
------------------------------------- --- ======== ====
Interim Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Six months ended
30 June
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------
2017 2016
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
(Loss)/profit for the period (553,397) 62,242
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Other comprehensive income (OCI)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
OCI to be reclassified in the consolidated
income statement in subsequent periods
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Foreign currency translation reserve
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Loss on translation of net investment
in foreign branches and subsidiaries (553) (33,993)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Profit on hedging of net investments
in foreign branches and subsidiaries 125 36,286
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Transfer to the consolidated income
statement on dissolution/disposal
of foreign operations - 1,049
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
(428) 3,342
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Available-for-sale investments
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Net gains/(losses) from fair value
changes before tax 23,428 (1,181)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Share of net gains from fair value
changes of associates 1,347 662
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Transfer to the consolidated income
statement on impairment (98) 530
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Transfer to the consolidated income
statement on sale (498) (51,264)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
24,179 (51,253)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
23,751 (47,911)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
OCI not to be reclassified in the
consolidated income statement in subsequent
periods
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Property revaluation
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Tax 445 (21)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Actuarial gain/(loss) on the defined
benefit plans
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Remeasurement gains/(losses) on defined
benefit plans 1,317 (15,143)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
1,762 (15,164)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
loss after tax for the period 25,513 (63,075)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Total comprehensive loss for the period (527,884) (833)
---------------------------------------------- ========== =========
Attributable to:
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Owners of the Company /BOC PCL (528,533) (2,004)
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Non-controlling interests 649 1,171
---------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
Total comprehensive loss for the period (527,884) (833)
---------------------------------------------- ========== =========
Interim Consolidated Balance Sheet
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Assets Notes EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Cash and balances with central
banks 25 2,317,297 1,506,396
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Loans and advances to banks 25 707,913 1,087,837
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Derivative financial assets 14 7,644 20,835
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Investments 13 621,498 373,879
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Investments pledged as collateral 13 296,325 299,765
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Loans and advances to customers 16 14,892,661 15,649,401
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Life insurance business assets
attributable to policyholders 509,726 499,533
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Prepayments, accrued income
and other assets 18 244,280 269,911
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Stock of property 17 1,501,731 1,427,272
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Investment properties 26,333 38,059
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Property and equipment 279,010 280,893
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Intangible assets 153,342 146,963
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Investments in associates and
joint ventures 34 113,993 109,339
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Deferred tax assets 383,581 450,441
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Non-current assets held for
sale 19 31,561 11,411
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Total assets 22,086,895 22,171,935
----------------------------------- ------ =========== ============
Liabilities
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Deposits by banks 414,750 434,786
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Funding from central banks 20 900,000 850,014
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Repurchase agreements 256,234 257,367
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Derivative financial liabilities 14 73,496 48,625
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Customer deposits 21 16,583,798 16,509,741
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Insurance liabilities 595,943 583,997
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Accruals, deferred income and
other liabilities 23 382,952 335,925
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Subordinated loan stock 22 256,503 -
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Deferred tax liabilities 44,998 45,375
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Total liabilities 19,508,674 19,065,830
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Equity
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Share capital 24 44,620 892,294
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Share premium 24 2,794,358 552,618
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Capital reduction reserve 24 - 1,952,486
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Revaluation and other reserves 240,254 218,678
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Accumulated losses (536,619) (544,930)
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Equity attributable to the owners
of the Company/BOC PCL 2,542,613 3,071,146
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Non-controlling interests 35,608 34,959
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Total equity 2,578,221 3,106,105
----------------------------------- ------ ----------- ------------
Total liabilities and equity 22,086,895 22,171,935
----------------------------------- ------ =========== ============
Prof. Dr. J. Ackermann Chairman Mr. J. P. Hourican Chief Executive Officer
Mr. I. Zographakis Director Mrs. E. Livadiotou Finance Director
Interim Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Attributable to the owners of the Company Non-controlling Total
interests equity
---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------
Share Share Capital Treasury Accumulated Property Revaluation Other Life Foreign Total
capital premium reduction shares losses revaluation reserve reserves insurance currency
(Note (Note reserve (Note reserve of in-force translation
24) 24) (Note 24) available-for-sale business reserve
24) investments reserve
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
1 January
2017 892,294 552,618 1,952,486 (25,333) (544,930) 90,936 7,139 6,059 103,251 36,626 3,071,146 34,959 3,106,105
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
(Loss)/profit
for the
period - - - - (553,959) - - - - - (553,959) 562 (553,397)
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Other
comprehensive
income/(loss)
after
tax for
the period - - - - 1,317 445 24,092 - - (428) 25,426 87 25,513
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Total
comprehensive
(loss)/income
for the
period - - - - (552,642) 445 24,092 - - (428) (528,533) 649 (527,884)
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Increase
in value
of in-force
life insurance
business - - - - (1,143) - - - 1,143 - - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Tax on
increase
in value
of in-force
life insurance
business - - - - 143 - - - (143) - - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Transfer
of realised
profits
on disposal
of properties - - - - 7,403 (7,403) - - - - - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Cancellation
of shares
due to
reorganisation
(Note
3.1) (892,294) - - - - - - - - - (892,294) - (892,294)
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Change
of parent
company
to Bank
of Cyprus
Holdings
Public
Limited
Company
and issue
of new
shares
(Note
3.1) 44,620 2,241,740 (1,952,486) - 558,420 - - - - - 892,294 - 892,294
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
Disposal
of treasury
shares - - - 3,870 (3,870) - - - - - - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ----------------
30 June
2017 44,620 2,794,358 - (21,463) (536,619) 83,978 31,231 6,059 104,251 36,198 2,542,613 35,608 2,578,221
---------------- ========== ========== ============ ========= ============ ============ =================== ========= ========== ============ ========== ================ ================ ----------
Attributable to the owners of BOC PCL Non-controlling Total
interests equity
---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------
Share Share Capital Treasury Accumulated Property Revaluation Other Life Foreign Reserve Total
capital premium reduction shares losses revaluation reserve reserves insurance currency of
(Note (Note reserve (Note reserve of in-force translation disposal
24) 24) (Note 24) available-for-sale business reserve group
24) investments reserve and
assets
held
for
sale
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
1 January
2016 892,294 552,618 1,952,486 (41,301) (601,152) 99,218 47,125 6,059 99,050 30,939 17,619 3,054,955 22,376 3,077,331
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Profit
for the
period - - - - 56,372 - - - - - - 56,372 5,870 62,242
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Other
comprehensive
(loss)/income
after
tax for
the period - - - - (15,137) (21) (46,554) - - 3,336 - (58,376) (4,699) (63,075)
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Total
comprehensive
income
/(loss)
for the
period - - - - 41,235 (21) (46,554) - - 3,336 - (2,004) 1,171 (833)
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Increase
in value
of in-force
life insurance
business - - - - (852) - - - 852 - - - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Disposal
of subsidiary
(Note
33.3.1) - - - - 17,619 - - - - - (17,619) - - -
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Acquisition
of subsidiary
(Note
33.2.1) - - - - - - - - - - - - 18,753 18,753
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
Disposals
of treasury
shares - - - 41,301 (40,560) - - - - - - 741 - 741
---------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------ ------------ ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
30 June
2016 892,294 552,618 1,952,486 - (583,710) 99,197 571 6,059 99,902 34,275 - 3,053,692 42,300 3,095,992
---------------- ========== ========== ============ ========= ============ ============ =================== ========= ========== ============ ========== ================ ================ ==========
Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Six months ended
30 June
---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------
2017 2016
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Note EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net cash flows from operating activities
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
(Loss)/profit for the period before
tax (481,115) 75,937
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Share of profit from associates and
joint ventures (3,949) (1,606)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Provisions for impairment of loans
and advances to customer and other
customer credit losses and gain on
derecognition of loans and advances
and changes in expected cash flows 656,020 157,759
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Depreciation of property and equipment
and amortisation of intangible assets 10,133 9,294
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Change in value of in-force life
insurance business (1,143) (852)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Impairment of other financial instruments 22,497 12,228
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Profit upon disposal of disposal
group held for sale - (2,545)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Amortisation of discounts/premiums,
catch-up adjustment on debt securities
and interest on debt securities and
subordinated loan stock (10,121) (13,447)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Dividend income (41) (119)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net gains on disposal of available-for-sale
investments in equity securities
and available-for-sale investments
and investments classified as loans
and receivables in debt securities (1,699) (58,391)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Loss/(profit) from revaluation of
debt securities designated as fair
value hedges 11,006 (1,323)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Interest on funding from central
banks 28 21,483
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Interest on subordinated loan stock 10,416 -
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Impairment of stock of property 13,484 9,362
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Loss on dissolution of subsidiaries - 1,049
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
(Gains)/losses on disposal of stock
of property (12,235) 3,533
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Losses/(gains) from revaluation and
disposals of investment properties,
investment properties held for sale,
equipment and intangible assets 1,927 (5,844)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
215,208 206,518
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net decrease in loans and advances
to customers and other accounts 63,910 212,987
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net increase in customer deposits
and other accounts 138,142 733,385
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
417,260 1,152,890
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Tax paid (2,672) (2,352)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net cash flow from operating activities 414,588 1,150,538
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Cash flows (used in)/ from investing
activities
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Purchases of debt securities and
equity securities (279,381) (10,302)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds on disposal/redemption of
investments:
- debt securities 61,405 130,521
- equity securities 1,564 46,650
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Interest received from debt securities
and treasury bills 4,490 9,420
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Dividend income from equity securities 41 119
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds on disposal of disposal
group held for sale - 26,500
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Purchases of property and equipment (4,122) (6,539)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds on disposal of property
and equipment and intangible assets 41 216
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Purchases of intangible assets (9,623) (7,561)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds on disposal of investment
properties and investment properties
held for sale 10,000 13,790
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net cash flow (used in)/from investing
activities (215,585) 202,814
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Cash flows from financing activities
--------------------------------------------- ----- ========== ============
Net proceeds/(repayment) of funding
from central banks 49,986 (1,352,183)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds from the issue of subordinated 248,089 -
loan stock
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Redemption of debt securities in
issue - (712)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Proceeds from disposal of treasury
shares - 741
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Interest on funding from central
banks (28) (21,483)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net cash flow from/(used in) financing
activities 298,047 (1,373,637)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents for the period 497,050 (20,285)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ========== ============
Cash and cash equivalents
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
1 January 2,231,028 2,406,344
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Foreign exchange adjustments 473 6,421
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents for the period 497,050 (20,285)
--------------------------------------------- ----- ---------- ------------
30 June 25 2,728,551 2,392,480
--------------------------------------------- ----- ========== ============
Non-cash transactions
Six months ended 30 June 2017
Repossession of collaterals
During the six months ended 30 June 2017, the Group acquired stock of property by taking possession of collaterals held as security for loans and advances to customers of EUR229,247 thousand (Note 17).
Six months ended 30 June 2016
Acquisition of S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd
During the six months ended 30 June 2016 the Group acquired a 70% interest in the share capital of S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd in exchange for the settlement of the majority of the borrowing due from S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd to BOC PCL, as part of the restructuring of its debt. The acquisition did not include any cash consideration. Further information is disclosed in Note 33.2.1.
Sale of shares held in Visa Europe Limited
During the six months ended 30 June 2016 the Group sold its shares held in Visa Europe Limited following the purchase of Visa Europe Limited by Visa Inc. The transaction in addition to the cash paid, involved the granting of preferred stock in Visa Inc. with a carrying value of approximately EUR8 million and a deferred cash component of a carrying value of approximately EUR4 million.
Repossession of collaterals
During the six months ended 30 June 2016, the Group acquired stock of property by taking possession of collaterals held as security for loans and advances to customers of EUR641,856 thousand.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Corporate information
Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company (the 'Company') was incorporated in the Republic of Ireland on 11 July 2016 as a public limited company in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland. The Company's name on incorporation was Aion Cyprus Public Limited Company and on 10 August 2016 it changed to Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Company. Its registered office for the period from 11 July 2016 to 20 March 2017 was at Arthur Cox, Earlsfort Centre, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland. On 20 March 2017 it was changed to Ten Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, D02 T380, Ireland.
The Company is the holding company of the Bank of Cyprus Public Company Limited (BOC PCL). The Bank of Cyprus Group (the 'Group') comprises the Company, its subsidiary BOC PCL and the subsidiaries of BOC PCL.
The Company was incorporated with the intention of becoming the holding company of the Group for the purposes of the Group's listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The Company is tax resident in Cyprus. The principal activities of the BOC PCL and its subsidiary companies involve the provision of banking, financial, insurance services and management and disposal of property predominately acquired in debt satisfaction.
On 13 December 2016, at an Extraordinary General Meeting of the shareholders of BOC PCL and together with its subsidiaries, the 'BOC group', a scheme of arrangement between the Company, BOC PCL and the shareholders of BOC PCL has been approved. The scheme of arrangement which became effective on 18 January 2017 introduces the Company as the new holding company of the Group which is also the sole shareholder of BOC PCL.
On 19 January 2017 the shares of the Company were admitted to listing and trading on the LSE and the Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE).
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (the 'Financial Statements') include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. They were approved and authorised for issue by a resolution of the Board of Directors on 28 August 2017.
The Financial Statements have been prepared in both, the English and the Greek language. In case of a difference or inconsistency between the two, the English version prevails.
2. Unaudited financial statements
The Financial Statements have not been audited by the Group's external auditors.
The Group's external auditors have conducted a review in accordance with the International Standard on Review Engagements 2410 'Review of Interim Financial Information performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity'.
3. Summary of significant accounting policies 3.1 Group reorganisation
As described in Note 1 above, on 18 January 2017 the Company became the sole shareholder of BOC PCL. This reorganisation was treated as a reorganisation of an existing entity that has not changed the substance of the reporting entity.
The owners of BOC PCL before the reorganisation have the same absolute and relative interests in the net assets of Group immediately before and after the reorganisation, since the assets and liabilities of the Group and the BOC group are the same immediately before and after the reorganisation. Hence, the Group is considered as a continuation of BOC group.
As this transaction did not result in any change of economic substance it also did not have any effect on the total equity of the Group. The Group's financial statements reflect the difference in the amounts of share capital, share premium and capital reduction reserves as an adjustment in equity.
3. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 3.2 Basis of preparation
The Financial Statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for properties held for own use and investment properties, available-for-sale investments, derivative financial instruments and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, that have been measured at fair value, non-current assets held for sale measured at fair value less costs to sell and stock of property measured at net realisable value where this is lower than cost. The carrying values of recognised assets and liabilities that are hedged items in fair value hedges, and otherwise carried at cost, are adjusted to record changes in fair value attributable to the risks that are being hedged.
Presentation of the Financial Statements
The Financial Statements are presented in Euro (EUR) and all amounts are rounded to the nearest thousand, except where otherwise indicated. A comma is used to separate thousands and a dot is used to separate decimals.
Comparative information
As described in Note 3.1 above, the Group is considered to be a continuation of the BOC group. As a result the Financial Statements, including comparative amounts, were prepared as if the Group existed at the beginning of the earlier period presented in the Financial Statements.
3.3 Statement of compliance
The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Accounting Standard (IAS) applicable to interim financial reporting as adopted by the EU ('IAS 34'), the Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 and the related Transparency Rules of the Central Bank of Ireland.
The Financial Statements do not comprise statutory financial statements for the purposes of the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland. The Company's statutory financial statements for the purposes of Chapter 4 of Part 6 of the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland for the period 11 July 2016 to 31 December 2016, upon which the auditors have expressed an unqualified opinion (with emphasis of matter on material uncertainty related to going concern), were published on 27 April 2017 and are expected to be delivered to the Registrar of Companies of Ireland within 28 days of 30 September 2017.
The Financial Statements do not include all the information and disclosures required for the annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2016, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union, which are available at the Group's website (www.bankofcyprus.com).
3.4 Changes in accounting policies and disclosures
As described in Note 3.1 above, the Group is considered to be a continuation of the BOC group. A summary of the significant accounting policies of the Group is presented in Note 2 of the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016.
Additionally, in January 2017 BOC PCL has issued subordinated loan stock as disclosed in Note 22. The subordinated loan stock is initially measured at the fair value of the consideration received, net of any issue costs. It is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, in order to amortise the difference between the cost at inception and the redemption value, over the period to the earliest date that BOC group has the right to redeem the subordinated loan stock.
Interest on subordinated loan stock is included in 'Interest expense' in the consolidated income statement.
3. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 3.4 Changes in accounting policies and disclosures (continued) 3.4.1 New and amended standards and interpretations
The accounting policies adopted for the preparation of the Financial Statements are consistent with those followed for the preparation of the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016 as disclosed in Note 3.4. In addition, the Group has adopted the following new standards, amendments and interpretations, which did not have a material impact on the Financial Statements:
-- Amendments to IAS 7: Disclosure Initiative
-- Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes: Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses
-- Annual Improvements IFRSs 2014-2016 Cycle issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which is a collection of amendments to IFRSs. These improvements include:
-- IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities. 3.4.2 Standards and Interpretations that are issued but not yet effective
3.4.2.1 Standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB and adopted by the EU
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and introduces new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 with early adoption permitted.
Classification and measurement
The classification and measurement of financial assets will depend on the entity's business model for their management and their contractual cash flow characteristics and result in financial assets being measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss. The combined effect of the application of the business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics tests may result in some differences in the population of financial assets measured at amortised cost or fair value compared with IAS 39. The classification of financial liabilities is essentially unchanged, except that, for certain liabilities measured at fair value, gains or losses relating to changes in the entity's own credit risk are to be included in other comprehensive income.
Impairment
The impairment requirements apply to financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVOCI, lease receivables, certain loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. At initial recognition, allowance (or provision in the case of commitments and guarantees) is required for expected credit losses (ECL) resulting from default events that are possible within the next 12 months (12 month ECL), unless assets are deemed as purchased or originated credit impaired. In the event of a significant increase in credit risk, for assets deemed purchased or originated credit impaired and all credit-impaired assets, allowance (or provision) is required for ECL resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument (lifetime ECL).
The assessment of whether credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition is performed for each reporting period by considering the change in the risk of default occurring over the remaining life of the financial instrument.
Hedge accounting
IFRS 9 includes an accounting policy choice to remain with IAS 39 hedge accounting. The standard does not explicitly address macro hedge accounting strategies, which are being considered in a separate project. To remove the risk of any conflict between existing macro hedge accounting practice and the new general hedge accounting requirements, the standard includes an accounting policy choice to remain with IAS 39 hedge accounting.
Transition
The classification, measurement and impairment requirements are applied retrospectively by adjusting the balance sheet at the date of initial application, with no requirement to restate comparative periods. Hedge accounting is generally applied prospectively from that date.
3. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 3.4 Changes in accounting policies and disclosures (continued) 3.4.2 Standards and Interpretations that are issued but not yet effective (continued) 3.4.2.1 Standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB and adopted by the EU (continued)
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (continued)
IFRS 9 implementation project
An IFRS 9 implementation project is currently under way by the Group. The project is headed by the Group Chief Risk Officer and a Steering Committee was set up to monitor the project, comprising of members of the Executive Management team.
The project covers all aspects of IFRS 9 out of which the majority of the effort has concentrated on the development of methodologies for the calculation of impairment of customer loans and advances based on expected credit losses, since IFRS 9 moves away from the current incurred loss model to an expected credit loss model. This change requires more judgment in considering information for current and future provisioning. The expected credit losses model will also result in earlier recognition of credit losses and thus a higher provision charge because it includes not only credit losses already incurred, but also losses that are expected in the future. The Income Statement impact is also likely to be more volatile as expectations and judgements may change and/or due to movements within the three stages stipulated by the standard. The assessment of the impact of IFRS 9 is ongoing and may change upon its full application reflecting balance sheet dynamics at the time of adoption.
The Group expects to be in a position to provide a robust estimate of the IFRS 9 impact later in the year, when the implementation programme, validation and testing is further advanced. The capital impact of any opening IFRS 9 adjustment to the provision stock is expected to be largely phased-in over a five year period in line with the proposal of the Council of the European Union. As a result, the effect of introducing IFRS 9 on CET1 in 2018 is expected to be small on a phased-in basis.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014 and establishes a five-step model that will apply to revenue earned from a contract with a customer (with limited exceptions), regardless of the type of revenue transaction or the industry. The standard's requirements will also apply to the recognition and measurement of gains and losses on the sale of some non-financial assets that are not an output of the entity's ordinary activities (e.g., sales of property, plant and equipment or intangibles). Extensive disclosures will be required, including disaggregation of total revenue; information about performance obligations; changes in contract asset and liability account balances between periods and key judgements and estimates. Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of this standard on its results and financial position.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Clarifications)
The objective of the Clarifications is to clarify the IASB's intentions when developing the requirements in IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, particularly the accounting of identifying performance obligations amending the wording of the 'separately identifiable' principle, of principal versus agent considerations including the assessment of whether an entity is a principal or an agent as well as applications of control principle and of licensing providing additional guidance for accounting of intellectual property and royalties. The Clarifications also provide additional practical expedients for entities that either apply IFRS 15 fully retrospectively or that elect to apply the modified retrospective approach. The Clarifications apply for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 with earlier application permitted. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of this standard on its results and financial position.
4. Going concern
The management has made an assessment of the Group's ability to continue as a going concern.
The conditions that existed during the six months ended 30 June 2017 and the developments up to the date of approval of these Financial Statements that have been considered in management's going concern assessment include, amongst others, the operating environment in Cyprus and of the Group (Note 5).
The management believes that the Group is taking all necessary measures to maintain its viability and the development of its business in the current economic environment.
4. Going concern (continued)
The management, taking into consideration the factors described below and the uncertainties that existed at the reporting date, is satisfied that the Group has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future and, therefore, the going concern principle is appropriate for the reasons set out below, despite the fact that, as disclosed in Notes 5.2.3 and 29 of the Financial Statements, the Group is currently not in compliance with its liquidity regulatory requirements with respect to its operations in Cyprus and is therefore dependent on continuing regulatory forbearance which can be considered as a material uncertainty as to its ability to continue as a going concern. Following the repayment of ELA in January 2017 (31 December 2016: EUR200 million), the Group has achieved compliance with the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR).
-- he Group's Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio at 30 June 2017 stands at 12.3% (transitional) and the total capital ratio at 13.8%, higher than the minimum required ratios (Note 5.2.1).
-- The increase in the liquid assets of the Group and compliance with the LCR ratio requirements. The ELA funding was repaid in full on 5 January 2017 (Note 5.2.3).
-- The increasing level of Group customer deposits (increase of EUR74 million during the six months ended 30 June 2017). At 30 June 2017 customer deposits stood at EUR16,584 million.
-- The Cyprus government rating has been repeatedly upgraded. In July 2017 Moody's Investors Service upgraded the long-term issuer rating of the Cyprus sovereign to Ba3 from B1 and maintained its outlook to positive. In March 2017 S&P Global Ratings upgraded the Cyprus sovereign to BB+ which is one notch below investment grade.
-- BOC PCL regained access to the debt capital markets in January 2017 with the issuance of EUR250 million unsecured subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note.
5. Operating environment 5.1 Cyprus
After a protracted recession Cyprus returned to growth in 2015 and continued to expand in the subsequent period. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 2.8% in 2016, and by 3.7% and 3.5% respectively on a seasonally adjusted basis, in the first and second quarters of 2017. The growth momentum is expected to be maintained over the medium term supported by private consumption, gradually increasing investment, declining unemployment and favourable developments in tourism and business services.
Tourism remains robust aided by geopolitical tensions in competing destinations. Arrivals had reached record levels of 3,2 million people in 2016 according to the Cyprus Statistical Service and continued to expand in the first seven months of the year, rising by about 15% from the same period the year before. In the labour market the unemployment rate declined significantly to 11% in the second quarter on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to Eurostat, compared with a peak of 16.6% in the first quarter of 2015. Consumer inflation turned modestly positive in the first seven months of the year rising by 1% after falling for four consecutive years according to data from the Cyprus Statistical Service. In property markets demand has been rising as evidenced by an increasing number of sales contracts. The Central Bank's Residential Property Price Index increased by 0.2% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2017 and increased by 0.3% on a quarter-on-quarter basis from the fourth quarter 2016.
In the area of public finance, the general government budget has been near balance since 2014 excluding recapitalisation costs of the cooperative credit sector, and public debt relative to GDP had risen to 107.8% at the end of 2016 according to Eurostat. Cyprus has consistently outperformed its fiscal targets during and after the economic adjustment programme. According to Eurostat, the primary surplus in 2016 was 3% of GDP and the general government budget was also a surplus of 0.4% of GDP.
Overall, the outlook for the medium term remains favourable and an average of real GDP growth of 2.8% is expected in the period 2017-2019 according to the Ministry of Finance. Upside factors relate to a longer period of low oil prices, further improvement of economic fundamentals in the euro area and stronger investment spending as property prices are stabilising and as projects in tourism, energy and public works are being implemented.
5. Operating environment (continued) 5.1 Cyprus (continued)
Downside risks to the outlook are associated with the still high levels of non-performing loans, and public debt ratio and with a possible deterioration of the external environment for Cyprus. This may involve slower growth in the UK with a weakening of the pound as a result of uncertainty resulting from Brexit. The direct consequences on Cyprus from Brexit, will mostly emanate from tourist activity. The possible loss of UK tourist arrivals may be mitigated at least in part, by increases in arrivals of tourists from other destinations as airline connectivity improves. Political uncertainty in Europe triggered by a British exit or by the refugee crisis could also lead to increased economic uncertainty and undermine economic confidence.
In this context of a strengthening economy and narrowing imbalances, the Cyprus government benefited from a series of rating upgrades. Most recently in July 2017, Moody's Investors Service upgraded the long-term issuer rating of the Cyprus sovereign to Ba3 from B1 previously and maintained its outlook to positive. In March 2017, S&P Global Ratings upgraded the Cyprus sovereign to BB+ which is one notch below investment grade. The key drivers for rating upgrades have been stronger economic performance than expected, progress in the banking sector and consistent fiscal outperformance.
5.2 The Group 5.2.1 Regulatory capital ratios
The CET1 ratio of the Group at 30 June 2017 stands at 12.3% (transitional) and the total capital at 13.8%.
The minimum Pillar I total capital requirement is 8.0% and may be met, in addition to the 4.5% CET1 requirement, with up to 1.5% by Additional Tier 1 capital and with up to 2.0% by Tier 2 capital.
The Group is also subject to additional capital requirements for risks which are not covered by the Pillar I capital requirements (Pillar II add-ons). Following the enactment of the amendments in the Cypriot Banking Law in February 2017 regarding the gradual phase-in of the Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) and based on the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) performed by the European Central Bank (ECB) in 2016, the Group's minimum CET1 capital ratio as from 1 January 2017 has been reduced to 9.50% compared to 10.75% fully phased-in of CCB (minimum CET1 capital ratio at 31 December 2016: 11.75% fully phased-in of CCB), comprising of a 4.5% Pillar I requirement, a 3.75% Pillar II requirement and a phased-in CCB of 1.25%. The ECB has also provided non-public guidance for an additional Pillar II CET1 buffer.
The overall Total Capital Ratio requirement as from 1 January 2017 following the amendments in the Cypriot Banking Law in February 2017 regarding the gradual phase-in of CCB, has been reduced to 13.00% compared to 14.25% (fully phased-in of CCB), comprising of a Pillar I requirement of 8% (of which up to 1.5% can be in the form of Additional Tier 1 capital and up to 2.0% in the form of Tier 2 capital), a Pillar II requirement of 3.75% (in the form of CET1), as well as a phased-in CCB of 1.25%.
The minimum CET1 requirement including Pillar II, applicable for the year 2016 was determined by the ECB at 11.75% in November 2015 and included CCB on a fully loaded basis.
The Group's capital position at 30 June 2017 exceeds both its Pillar I and its Pillar II add-on capital requirements. However, the Group's Pillar II add-on capital requirements are a point-in-time assessment and therefore are subject to change over time.
5.2.2 Asset quality
The Group's loans that are impaired or past due for more than 90 days (90+ DPD) have decreased by 9% during the six months ended 30 June 2017 and totalled EUR7,560 million at 30 June 2017, representing 39% of gross loans before fair value adjustment on initial recognition (Note 27). The provisioning coverage ratio improved to 61% compared to 54% at 31 December 2016. The Group non-performing exposures (NPEs), as defined by the European Banking Authority (EBA), totalled EUR9,752 million at 30 June 2017 and accounted for 50% of gross loans before fair value adjustment on initial recognition. The provisioning coverage ratio of NPEs totalled 48% at 30 June 2017 compared to 41% at 31 December 2016.
5. Operating environment (continued) 5.2 The Group (continued) 5.2.2 Asset quality (continued)
The Group addresses the asset quality challenge through the operation of the Restructuring and Recoveries Division which is actively seeking to find innovative solutions to manage distressed exposures. The Group has been successful in engineering restructuring solutions across the spectrum of its loan portfolio. 90+ DPD have decreased by 42% since their peak of EUR13,003 million as at 31 December 2013. NPEs have decreased by 36% since their peak of EUR15,175 million as at 31 March 2015.
5.2.3 Liquidity
Group customer deposits totalled EUR16,584 million at 30 June 2017 compared to EUR16,510 million at 31 December 2016. Customer deposits in Cyprus reached EUR15,010 million at 30 June 2017 and EUR15,043 million at 31 December 2016. Customer deposits accounted for 75% of total assets as at 30 June 2017 (compared to 74% at 31 December 2016 and a low of 48% at 31 March 2014).
ELA was fully repaid on 5 January 2017. ELA is available to solvent Euro area credit institutions and although BOC PCL has received no specific assurance, management expects that BOC PCL will continue to have access to the central bank liquidity facilities, in line with applicable rules if it were to face a 'stress event' that gave rise to temporary liquidity problems. If a stress event were to occur in the future, BOC PCL would seek to utilise ELA funding, assuming it has sufficient available eligible collateral at the time.
The credit ratings of the Republic of Cyprus by the main credit rating agencies albeit improving, continue to be below investment grade. As a result, the ECB is not able to include Cyprus Government bonds in its asset purchase programme, or as eligible collateral for Eurosystem monetary operations, as was the case when the waiver for collateral eligibility due to the country being under an economic adjustment programme existed.
In January 2017 BOC PCL issued EUR250 million unsecured and subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note under BOC PCL's EMTN Programme. The note was priced at par, with a coupon of 9.25% (Note 22).
As at 30 June 2017 the LCR stood at 108% (compared to 49% at 31 December 2016) and is in compliance with the minimum regulatory requirement of 80%. As at 30 June 2017, BOC PCL was not in compliance with the local regulatory liquidity requirements with respect to its operations in Cyprus and is therefore dependent on continuing regulatory forbearance. The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR ratio) is currently expected to be introduced on 1 January 2018, with a minimum requirement of 100%. As at 30 June 2017 the Group's NSFR, on the basis of Basel standards, was 102% (compared to 95% at 31 December 2016). After repayment of ELA in January 2017, the Group is focusing on measures to improve its liquidity position and remains on track to exceed the minimum requirement by 1 January 2018 with respect to LCR, which will increase to 100% as of that date, and NSFR.
5.2.4 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters
The management has considered the potential impact of pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters against the Group, which include the bail-in of depositors and the absorption of losses by the holders of equity and debt instruments of BOC PCL. The Group has obtained legal advice in respect of these claims.
Despite the novelty of the said claims and the uncertainties inherent in a unique situation, based on the information available at present and on the basis of the law as it currently stands, the management considers that the said claims are considered unlikely to have a material adverse impact on the financial position and capital adequacy of the Group (Note 23).
6. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the Company's Board of Directors and management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that can have a material impact on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying disclosures, as well as the disclosures of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
6. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued)
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are described in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016, as detailed in the basis of preparation of these Financial Statements (Note 3.2).
The critical judgements, estimates and assumptions are set out below.
6.1 Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers
The Group reviews its loans and advances to customers to assess whether a provision for impairment should be recorded in the consolidated income statement. In particular, management is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows in order to determine the amount of provision required and the calculation of the impairment allowance involves the use of judgement. Such estimates are based on assumptions about a number of factors and therefore actual impairment losses may differ.
The carrying amount of the loan is reduced through the use of a provision account and the amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. Loans together with the associated provisions are written off when there is no realistic prospect of future recovery. Partial write-offs, including non contractual write-offs, may also occur when it is considered that there is no realistic prospect for the recovery of the contractual cash flows. In addition, write-offs may reflect restructuring activity with customers and are part of the terms of the agreement and subject to satisfactory performance.
The Group may change certain estimates from period to period, however it is impracticable to estimate the effect of such individual estimates due to interdependencies between estimates and as the profile of the population of loans changes from period to period.
A very important factor for the estimation of provisions is the timing and net recoverable amount from repossession or realisation of collaterals which mainly comprise real estate assets.
Assumptions have been made about the future changes in property values, as well as the timing for the realisation of the collateral, taxes and expenses on the repossession and subsequent sale of the collateral as well as any other applicable haircuts. Indexation has been used to estimate updated market values of properties, while assumptions were made on the basis of a macroeconomic scenario for future changes in property values. The Group at 30 June 2017, following a reconsideration of its strategy, to more actively explore other innovative strategic solutions to further accelerate balance sheet de-risking, has modified certain of its provisioning assumptions and estimates.
At 30 June 2017 the average haircut (including liquidity haircut and selling expenses) used in the collective provisions calculation is 32% (31 December 2016: average of 10% of the current market value of the property for those collaterals for which the increase in their value is capped to zero and 10% of the projected market value of the property for those collaterals for which their value is expected to drop).
The timing of recovery from real estate collaterals used in the collective provision calculation has been estimated to be on average 6 years (31 December 2016: average of 3 years except for customers in Debt Recovery, average of 6 years).
For the calculation of specific provisions, the timing of recovery of collaterals as well as the haircuts used were based on the specific facts and circumstances of each case.
In accordance with the Loan Impairment and Provisioning Procedures Directives of 2014 and 2015 of the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC), the cumulative average future change in property values during the year has been capped to zero.
The above assumptions are also influenced by the ongoing regulatory dialogue BOC PCL maintains with its lead regulator, the ECB, and other regulatory guidance and interpretations issued by various regulatory and industry bodies such as the ECB and EBA, which provide guidance and expectations as to relevant definitions and the treatment/classification of certain parameters/assumptions used in the estimation of provisions.
6. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued) 6.1 Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Any changes in these assumptions or difference between assumptions made and actual results could result in significant changes in the amount of required provisions for impairment of loans and advances.
For individually significant assets, impairment allowances are calculated on an individual basis and all relevant considerations that have a bearing on the expected future cash flows are taken into account (for example, the business prospects for the customer, the realisable value of collateral, the Group's position relative to other claimants, the reliability of customer information and the likely cost and duration of the work-out process). The level of the impairment allowance is the difference between the value of the discounted expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate) and its carrying amount. Subjective judgements are made in the calculation of future cash flows. Furthermore, judgements change with time as new information becomes available or as work-out strategies evolve, resulting in frequent revisions to the impairment allowance as individual decisions are taken. Changes in these estimates would result in a change in the allowances and have a direct impact on the impairment charge.
In addition to provisions for impairment on an individual basis, the Group also makes collective impairment provisions. The Group adopts a formulaic approach for collective provisions, which includes assigning probabilities of default and loss given default for portfolios of loans. This methodology is subject to estimation uncertainty, partly because it is not practicable to identify losses on an individual loan basis because of the large number of loans in each portfolio. In addition, the use of historical information for probabilities of default and loss rates is supplemented with significant management judgement to assess whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual level of incurred losses is likely to be greater or less than that suggested by historical experience.
Impairment assessment also includes off-balance sheet credit exposures represented by guarantees given and by irrevocable commitments to disburse funds. Off-balance sheet credit exposures of the individually assessed assets require assumptions on the probability, timing and amount of cash outflows; otherwise the provision is calculated on a collective basis, taking into account the probability of loss for the portfolio in which the customer is included for on-balance sheet exposures impairment assessment. The Group may change certain estimates from period to period, however it is impracticable to estimate the effect of such individual estimates due to interdependencies between estimates and as the profile of the population of off-balance sheet exposure changes from period to period.
In normal circumstances, historical experience provides the most objective and relevant information from which to assess inherent loss within each portfolio. In certain circumstances, historical loss experience provides less relevant information about the incurred loss in a given portfolio at the reporting date, for example, where there have been changes in economic, regulatory or behavioural conditions such that the most recent trends in the portfolio risk factors are not fully reflected. In these circumstances, such risk factors are taken into account when calculating the appropriate levels of impairment allowances, by adjusting the provision for impairment derived solely from historical loss experience.
The total amount of the Group's provision for impairment of loans and advances is inherently uncertain because it is highly sensitive to changes in economic and credit conditions across a number of geographical areas.
Loans subject to collective impairment assessment whose terms have been renegotiated are no longer considered past due, but are treated as up to date loans for measurement purposes. Loans subject to collective impairment assessment whose terms have been renegotiated are taken into account in determining the inputs for collective impairment calculation. Loans subject to individual impairment assessment, whose terms have been renegotiated, are subject to ongoing review to determine whether they remain impaired. The carrying amounts of loans that have been classified as renegotiated retain this classification in accordance with the rules of the technical standard of the EBA.
6. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued) 6.1 Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Economic and credit conditions within geographical areas are influenced by many factors with a high degree of interdependency so that there is no one single factor to which the Group's loan impairment provisions as a whole are particularly sensitive. Different factors are applied in each country to reflect the local economic conditions, laws and regulations and the assumptions underlying this judgement are highly subjective. The methodology and the assumptions used in calculating impairment losses are reviewed regularly. It is possible that the actual results could be different from the assumptions made, resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amount of loans and advances.
Further details on impairment allowances and related credit information are set out in Note 27.
6.2 Tax
The Group operates and is therefore subject to tax in various countries. Estimates are required in determining the provision for taxes at the reporting date. The Group recognises income tax liabilities for transactions and assessments whose tax treatment is uncertain. Where the final tax is different from the amounts initially recognised in the consolidated income statement, such differences will impact the income tax expense, the tax liabilities and deferred tax assets or liabilities of the period in which the final tax is agreed with the relevant tax authorities.
Deferred tax assets are recognised by the Group in respect of tax losses to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits, together with future tax-planning strategies. These variables have been established on the basis of significant management judgement and are subject to uncertainty. It is possible that the actual future events could be different from the assumptions made, resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amount of deferred tax assets.
6.3 Stock of property - estimation of net realisable value
Stock of property is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The net realisable value is determined with reference to the fair value of properties adjusted for any impact of specific circumstances on the sale process of each property. Depending on the value of the underlying asset and available market information, the determination of costs to sell may require professional judgement which involves a large degree of uncertainty due to the relatively low level of market activity.
More details on the stock of property are presented in Note 17.
6.4 Provisions
Judgement is involved in determining whether a present obligation exists and in estimating the probability, timing and amount of any outflows. Provisions for pending litigations, claims and regulatory matters usually require a higher degree of judgement than other types of provisions. It is expected that the Group will continue to have a material exposure to litigation and regulatory proceedings and investigations relating to legacy issues in the medium term. The matters for which the Group determines that the probability of a future loss is more than remote will change from time to time, as will the matters as to which a reliable estimate can be made and the estimated possible loss for such matters. Actual results may prove to be significantly higher or lower than the estimate of possible loss in those matters, where an estimate was made. In addition, loss may be incurred in matters with respect to which the Group believed the probability of loss was remote.
For a detailed description of the nature of uncertainties and assumptions and the effect on the amount and timing of pending litigation and claims refer to Note 23.
6.5 Exercise of significant influence
The Group determines whether it exercises significant influence on companies in which it has shareholdings of less 20% if other factors exist that demonstrate significant influence. In performing this assessment it considers its representation in the Board of Directors which gives rise to voting rights of more than 20% and participation in policy-making processes, including participation in decisions about dividends and other distributions.
7. Segmental analysis
The Group is organised into operating segments based on the geographic location of each unit. The main geographical locations that the Group operates in, are Cyprus and the United Kingdom. In addition, the Cyprus segment is further organised into operating segments based on the line of business.
The remaining Group's activities in Greece, Romania and Russia are separate operating segments for which information is provided to management but, due to their size, have been grouped for disclosure purposes into one segment, namely 'Other countries'.
The Group's activities in Cyprus, United Kingdom and other countries include mainly the provision of banking, financial and insurance services, as well as management of properties either held as stock or as investment property.
Management monitors the operating results of each business segment separately for the purposes of performance assessment and resource allocation. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit after tax and non-controlling interests. Inter-segment transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation and are made on an arm's length basis.
Operating segment disclosures are provided as presented to the Group Executive Committee.
The loans and advances to customers, the customer deposits and the related income and expense are generally included in the segment where the business is originated, instead of the segment where the transaction is recorded. Loans and advances to customers which are originated in countries where the Group does not have operating entities are included in the segment where they are managed.
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Six months ended 30 June
2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net interest income 297,146 17,870 1,269 316,285
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net fee and commission
income 84,743 3,262 210 88,215
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net foreign exchange gains 20,380 171 19 20,570
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net gains/(losses) on
financial instrument transactions 2,499 (48) (12) 2,439
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Insurance income net of
claims and commissions 23,744 - 678 24,422
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Losses from revaluation
and disposal of investment
properties (1,925) - - (1,925)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Gains on disposal of stock
of property 12,214 - 21 12,235
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other income 7,206 - 655 7,861
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
446,007 21,255 2,840 470,102
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Staff costs (Note 9) (100,247) (10,398) (830) (111,475)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other operating expenses
(excluding advisory and
other restructuring costs)
(Note 9) (121,420) (12,274) (4,218) (137,912)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other operating expenses
- advisory and other restructuring
costs (Note 9) (13,451) - (327) (13,778)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
210,889 (1,417) (2,535) 206,937
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Gain on derecognition
of loans and advances
to customers and changes
in expected cash flows 94,885 15 - 94,900
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Provisions for impairment
of loans and advances
to customers and other
customer credit losses (733,100) (1,206) (16,614) (750,920)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
(Impairment)/reversal
of impairment of other
financial instruments (24,585) - 2,088 (22,497)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Impairment of non-financial
instruments (379) - (13,105) (13,484)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Share of profit from associates
and joint ventures 3,949 - - 3,949
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Loss before tax (448,341) (2,608) (30,166) (481,115)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Income tax (70,370) (881) (1,031) (72,282)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Loss for the period (518,711) (3,489) (31,197) (553,397)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Non-controlling interests
- profit (562) - - (562)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Loss after tax attributable
to the owners of the Company (519,273) (3,489) (31,197) (553,959)
------------------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Six months ended 30 June
2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net interest income 336,440 15,386 8,636 360,462
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net fee and commission
income 70,512 2,919 437 73,868
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net foreign exchange gains 4,997 289 11,027 16,313
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Net gains/(losses) on
financial instrument transactions 57,856 223 (690) 57,389
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Insurance income/(loss)
net of claims and commissions 24,646 - (13) 24,633
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Gains/(losses) from revaluation
and disposal of investment
properties 6,147 - (341) 5,806
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Losses on disposal of
stock of property (3,428) - (105) (3,533)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other income 6,628 - 949 7,577
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
503,798 18,817 19,900 542,515
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Staff costs (excluding
voluntary exit plan and
other termination benefits)
(Note 9) (108,661) (7,139) (1,066) (116,866)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Staff costs - voluntary
exit plan and other termination
benefits (Note 9) (62,413) - - (62,413)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other operating expenses
(excluding advisory and
other restructuring costs)
(Note 9) (71,942) (6,916) (5,739) (84,597)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Other operating expenses
- advisory and other restructuring
costs (Note 9) (23,666) - (1,293) (24,959)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
237,116 4,762 11,802 253,680
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Gain on derecognition
of loans and advances
to customers and changes
in expected cash flows 22,137 29 - 22,166
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
(Provisions)/reversal
of provisions for impairment
of loans and advances
to customers and other
customer credit losses (148,024) 1,118 (33,019) (179,925)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
(Impairment)/reversal
of impairment of other
financial instruments (12,895) - 667 (12,228)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Impairment of non-financial
instruments (4,112) - (5,250) (9,362)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Share of profit from associates
and joint ventures 1,606 - - 1,606
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Profit/(loss) before tax 95,828 5,909 (25,800) 75,937
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Income tax (12,453) (954) (288) (13,695)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Profit/(loss) for the
period 83,375 4,955 (26,088) 62,242
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Non-controlling interests
- profit (5,870) - - (5,870)
------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Profit/(loss) after tax
attributable to the owners
of BOC PCL 77,505 4,955 (26,088) 56,372
------------------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Analysis of total revenue
Total revenue includes net interest income, net fee and commission income, net foreign exchange gains, net gains on financial instrument transactions, insurance income net of claims and commissions, (losses)/gains from revaluation and disposal of investment properties, gains/(losses) on disposal of stock of property and other income.
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ----------- --------
Six months ended 30 June
2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ----------- --------
Total revenue from third
parties 441,882 22,128 6,092 470,102
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ----------- --------
Inter-segment revenue/(expense) 4,125 (873) (3,252) -
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ----------- --------
Total revenue 446,007 21,255 2,840 470,102
--------------------------------- ======== ========= =========== ========
Six months ended 30 June
2016
--------------------------------- -------- ------- -------- --------
Total revenue from third
parties 496,369 19,814 26,332 542,515
--------------------------------- -------- ------- -------- --------
Inter-segment revenue/(expense) 7,429 (997) (6,432) -
--------------------------------- -------- ------- -------- --------
Total revenue 503,798 18,817 19,900 542,515
--------------------------------- ======== ======= ======== ========
The revenue for Cyprus operating segment is further analysed in analysis by business line in this note.
The revenue for other countries segment mainly relates to banking and financial services for both 2017 and 2016.
Analysis of assets
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
---------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
---------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Assets 20,720,487 1,779,393 644,335 23,144,215
---------------------- =========== ========== =========== ------------
Inter-segment assets (1,057,320)
---------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Total assets 22,086,895
---------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ============
31 December 2016
---------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ------------
Assets 20,851,999 1,658,337 754,645 23,264,981
---------------------- =========== ========== ======== ------------
Inter-segment assets (1,093,046)
---------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ------------
Total assets 22,171,935
---------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ============
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Analysis of liabilities
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Liabilities 17,996,339 1,668,877 903,642 20,568,858
--------------------------- =========== ========== =========== ------------
Inter-segment liabilities (1,060,184)
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Total liabilities 19,508,674
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ============
31 December 2016
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ------------
Liabilities 17,577,993 1,595,805 988,457 20,162,255
--------------------------- =========== ========== ======== ------------
Inter-segment liabilities (1,096,425)
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ------------
Total liabilities 19,065,830
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ============
Segmental analysis of customer deposits and loans and advances to customers is presented in Notes 21 and 27, respectively.
Analysis by business line
In addition to monitoring operations by geographical location, management also monitors the operating results of each business line for the Cyprus segment of the Group, and such information is presented to the Group Executive Committee.
Income and expenses directly associated with each business line are included in determining the line's performance. Transfer pricing methodologies are applied between the business lines to present their results on an arm's length basis. Total other operating income includes net foreign exchange gains, net gains on financial instrument transactions, insurance income net of claims and commissions, gains/(losses) from revaluation and disposal of investment properties, gains/(losses) on disposal of stock of property and other income. Total other operating income, staff costs and other operating expenses incurred directly by the business lines are allocated to the business lines as incurred. Indirect other operating income and indirect other operating expenses are allocated to the head office function. Management monitors the profit/(loss) before tax of each business line. Additionally, for the purposes of the Cyprus analysis by business line, notional tax at the 12.5% Cyprus tax rate is charged/credited on profit or loss before tax of each business line and therefore any taxable and non-taxable items are excluded from this notional charge/credit.
The business line 'Other' includes Group and head office functions such as treasury, finance, risk management, compliance, legal, corporate affairs and human resources. Head office functions provide services to the operating segments.
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Analysis by business line (continued)
Corporate Small Retail Restructuring International Wealth REMU Insurance Other Total
and and banking management Cyprus
medium-sized recoveries services
enterprises
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Six months ended
30
June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net interest
income/(expense) 50,027 26,285 114,156 74,233 36,147 5,472 (8,581) 226 (819) 297,146
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net fee and
commission
income/(expense) 6,882 5,055 25,306 5,802 33,029 1,111 - (2,483) 10,041 84,743
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total other
operating
income 346 314 2,185 178 3,663 1,858 11,443 24,235 19,896 64,118
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
57,255 31,654 141,647 80,213 72,839 8,441 2,862 21,978 29,118 446,007
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Staff costs and
other
operating
expenses (5,887) (5,970) (57,166) (15,030) (13,342) (2,105) (3,976) (8,184) (110,007) (221,667)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Advisory and
other
restructuring
costs
- other
operating
expenses - - - (8,338) - - (2,763) - (2,350) (13,451)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
51,368 25,684 84,481 56,845 59,497 6,336 (3,877) 13,794 (83,239) 210,889
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Gain on
derecognition
of loans and
advances
to customers and
changes
in expected cash
flows 9,809 2,394 8,560 71,095 655 51 - - 2,321 94,885
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Provisions for
impairment
of loans and
advances
to customers and
other
customer credit
losses (9,451) (31,215) (38,997) (644,821) (7,380) (86) - - (1,150) (733,100)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Impairment of
other
financial
instruments - - - - - - - - (24,585) (24,585)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Impairment of
non-financial
instruments - - - - - - - - (379) (379)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Share of profit
from
associates and
joint
ventures - - - - - - - - 3,949 3,949
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Profit/(loss)
before
tax 51,726 (3,137) 54,044 (516,881) 52,772 6,301 (3,877) 13,794 (103,083) (448,341)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Income tax (6,466) 392 (6,756) 64,610 (6,596) (788) 485 (1,400) (113,851) (70,370)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Profit/(loss) for
the period 45,260 (2,745) 47,288 (452,271) 46,176 5,513 (3,392) 12,394 (216,934) (518,711)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Non-controlling
interests
- profit - - - - - - - - (562) (562)
------------------ ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Profit/(loss)
after
tax attributable
to
the owners of
the
Company 45,260 (2,745) 47,288 (452,271) 46,176 5,513 (3,392) 12,394 (217,496) (519,273)
------------------ ========== ============= ========= ============== ============== =========== ======== ========== ========== ==========
7. Segmental analysis (continued)
Analysis by business line (continued)
Corporate Small Retail Restructuring International Wealth REMU Insurance Other Total
and and banking management Cyprus
medium-sized recoveries services
enterprises
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Six months ended 30
June 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Net interest
income/(expense) 39,099 32,459 126,092 114,361 31,405 3,631 (4,982) 199 (5,824) 336,440
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Net fee and commission
income/(expense) 4,639 4,231 22,168 6,499 24,971 1,090 - (2,140) 9,054 70,512
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Total other operating
income/(expense) 350 284 2,114 302 3,473 2,022 (3,111) 25,029 66,383 96,846
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
44,088 36,974 150,374 121,162 59,849 6,743 (8,093) 23,088 69,613 503,798
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Staff costs and other
operating expenses (5,286) (5,958) (59,799) (17,634) (12,986) (2,538) (4,888) (7,007) (64,507) (180,603)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Restructuring costs
- voluntary exit plan
and other termination
benefits (968) (1,139) (22,930) (8,237) (4,468) (224) (97) (3,230) (21,120) (62,413)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Advisory and other
restructuring costs
- other operating
expenses (16) (3) (54) (6,047) (44) (3) (1,857) - (15,642) (23,666)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
37,818 29,874 67,591 89,244 42,351 3,978 (14,935) 12,851 (31,656) 237,116
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Gain/(loss) on
derecognition
of loans and advances
to customers and
changes
in expected cash flows 3,342 2,184 6,019 9,622 1,731 868 - - (1,629) 22,137
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Reversal of
provisions/(provisions)
for impairment of
loans and advances
to customers and other
customer credit losses 8,049 (19,789) 21,706 (157,815) 329 (1,081) - - 577 (148,024)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Impairment of other
financial instruments - - - - - - - - (12,895) (12,895)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Impairment of
non-financial
instruments - - - - - - (3,726) - (386) (4,112)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Share of profit from
associates and joint
ventures - - - - - - - - 1,606 1,606
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Profit/(loss) before
tax 49,209 12,269 95,316 (58,949) 44,411 3,765 (18,661) 12,851 (44,383) 95,828
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Income tax (6,151) (1,534) (11,914) 7,369 (5,551) (471) 2,333 (1,390) 4,856 (12,453)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Profit/(loss) for
the period 43,058 10,735 83,402 (51,580) 38,860 3,294 (16,328) 11,461 (39,527) 83,375
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Non-controlling
interests
- profit - - - - - - - - (5,870) (5,870)
------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------- -------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Profit/(loss) after
tax attributable to
the owners of BOC
PCL 43,058 10,735 83,402 (51,580) 38,860 3,294 (16,328) 11,461 (45,397) 77,505
------------------------- ========== ============= ========= ============== ============== =========== ========= ========== ========= ==========
In addition, loans and advances to customers and deposits of the above business lines are reported to the Group Executive Committee. Such an analysis is disclosed in Notes 27 and 21 respectively.
8. Net gains on financial instrument transactions
Six months ended
30 June
--------------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Trading portfolio:
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- equity securities 157 (316)
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- debt securities 48 7
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- derivative financial instruments 209 870
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Other investments at fair value through
profit or loss:
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- debt securities (57) (236)
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- equity securities 289 377
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Net gains on disposal of available-for-sale
investments:
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- equity securities 1,520 58,330
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- debt securities 179 18
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Net gains on disposal/repayment of
loans and receivables:
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- debt securities - 43
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Realised losses on disposal of loans (12) (690)
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Revaluation of financial instruments
designated as fair value hedges:
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- hedging instruments 6,631 (3,818)
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
- hedged items (6,525) 3,853
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Loss on dissolution of subsidiaries - (1,049)
--------------------------------------------- --------- --------
2,439 57,389
--------------------------------------------- ========= ========
In the comparative period, the gains on disposal of available-for-sale equity securities primarily relate to gain on sale of shares held in Visa Europe Limited following the approved purchase of Visa Europe Limited by Visa Inc.
9. Staff costs and other operating expenses
Staff costs
Six months ended
30 June
--------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
Salaries 92,921 95,093
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
Employer's contributions to state
social insurance 11,237 13,985
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
Retirement benefit plan costs 7,317 7,788
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
111,475 116,866
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
Restructuring costs - voluntary exit
plans and other termination benefits - 62,413
--------------------------------------- --------- --------
111,475 179,279
--------------------------------------- ========= ========
9. Staff costs and other operating expenses (continued)
Staff costs (continued)
The number of persons employed by the Group as at 30 June 2017 was 4,311 (31 December 2016: 4,284,
30 June 2016: 4,279). In February and June 2016 the BOC group proceeded with voluntary exit plans for its employees in Cyprus, the cost of which is included in staff costs and amounted to EUR62,413 thousand. In total 429 employees accepted the voluntary exit plans. During the six months ended 30 June 2016, 358 employees left the Group under the plans.
Other operating expenses
Six months ended
30 June
---------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Repairs and maintenance of property
and equipment 13,627 14,000
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Other property-related costs 8,595 6,182
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Operating lease rentals for property
and equipment 5,159 4,837
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Special levy on deposits of credit
institutions in Cyprus 17,700 9,581
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Consultancy and other professional
services fees 8,578 4,326
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Insurance 4,336 5,732
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Advertising and marketing 8,751 8,104
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Depreciation of property and equipment 5,809 5,788
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Amortisation of intangible assets 4,324 3,506
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Communication expenses 4,507 3,551
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Provisions/(reversal of provisions)
and settlements of litigations,
claims and provisions for regulatory
matters (Note 23) 34,929 (191)
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Printing and stationery 1,586 1,690
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Local cash transfer expenses 1,282 1,406
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Contribution to depositor protection
scheme 120 24
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Other operating expenses 18,609 16,061
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
137,912 84,597
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
Advisory and other restructuring
costs 13,778 24,959
---------------------------------------- --------- --------
151,690 109,556
---------------------------------------- ========= ========
Advisory and other restructuring costs comprise mainly fees of external advisors in relation to: (i) customer loan restructuring activities which are not part of the effective interest rate, (ii) the listing on the London Stock Exchange and (iii) disposal of operations and non-core assets.
10. Impairment of financial and non-financial instruments
Six months ended
30 June
------------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
------------------------------------------- --------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Provisions net of reversals of provisions
for impairment of loans and advances
to customers and other customer credit
losses
------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Loans and advances to customers (Note
27) 741,327 179,758
------------------------------------------- --------- --------
Financial guarantees and commitments 9,593 167
------------------------------------------- --------- --------
750,920 179,925
------------------------------------------- ========= ========
10. Impairment of financial and non-financial instruments (continued)
Impairment/(reversal of impairment) Six months ended
of other financial instruments 30 June
-------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Available-for-sale equity securities (98) 530
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Available-for-sale mutual funds - 56
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Loans and advances to banks 21,684 13,820
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Other assets 911 (2,625)
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Deposits by banks - 447
-------------------------------------- -------- ---------
22,497 12,228
-------------------------------------- ======== =========
Impairment of non-financial instruments
----------------------------------------- ------- ------
Stock of property (Note 17) 13,484 9,362
----------------------------------------- ======= ======
11. Income tax
Six months ended
30 June
------------------------------------- -------------------
2017 2016
------------------------------------- --------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------- --------- --------
Current tax:
------------------------------------- --------- --------
- Cyprus 2,219 2,063
------------------------------------- --------- --------
- overseas 1,118 1,104
------------------------------------- --------- --------
Cyprus special defence contribution 50 31
------------------------------------- --------- --------
Deferred tax 66,927 5,570
------------------------------------- --------- --------
Prior year tax adjustments 968 2,993
------------------------------------- --------- --------
Other tax charges 1,000 1,934
------------------------------------- --------- --------
72,282 13,695
------------------------------------- ========= ========
The increase in the deferred tax charge is due to the reduction of the level of deferred tax asset by EUR62 million following increase in provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers and evaluation of the recoverability assessment of the deferred tax asset balance.
12. Earnings per share
Six months ended
30 June
------------------------------------------- ----------------------
2017 2016
------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Basic and diluted (losses)/earnings
per share attributable to the owners
of the Company/BOC PCL
------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
(Loss)/profit for the period attributable
to the owners of the Company/BOC
PCL (EUR thousand) (553,959) 56,372
------------------------------------------- ========== ==========
Weighted average number of shares
in issue during the period, excluding
treasury shares (thousand) 446,056 8,919,162
------------------------------------------- ========== ==========
Basic and diluted (losses)/earnings
per share (EUR cent) (124.2) 0.6
------------------------------------------- ========== ==========
13. Investments
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments at fair value through
profit or loss 32,453 43,016
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments available-for-sale 519,088 262,789
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments classified as loans
and receivables 69,957 68,074
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
621,498 373,879
----------------------------------- ======== ============
The amounts pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements with banks are shown below:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments pledged as collateral
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Investments available-for-sale 296,325 299,765
----------------------------------- ======== ============
All investments pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements can be sold or repledged by the counterparty.
Loans and receivables at 30 June 2017 include EUR49,956 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR49,185 thousand) of debt securities issued by the Cyprus government and listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange which have been determined to be individually impaired, in prior years.
There were no reclassifications of investments between categories in the current period or in 2016.
14. Derivative financial instruments
The contract amount and fair value of the derivative financial instruments is set out below:
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
--------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Contract Fair value Contract Fair value
amount amount
--------------------- ---------- --------------------- ---------- ---------------------
Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Trading derivatives
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Forward exchange
rate contracts 23,638 210 283 43,820 794 589
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Currency
swaps 1,865,252 2,575 24,556 1,774,916 15,875 8,215
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Interest
rate swaps 116,545 180 943 230,874 480 1,901
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Currency
options 626 7 372 7,986 85 198
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
2,006,061 2,972 26,154 2,057,596 17,234 10,903
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Derivatives
qualifying
for hedge
accounting
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Fair value
hedges
- interest
rate swaps 1,071,959 4,199 46,038 418,293 87 37,463
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Net investments
- forward
exchange
rate contracts 117,819 473 1,304 178,605 3,514 259
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
1,189,778 4,672 47,342 596,898 3,601 37,722
--------------------- ---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
Total 3,195,839 7,644 73,496 2,654,494 20,835 48,625
--------------------- ========== ======= ============ ========== ======= ============
Hedge accounting
Hedges of net investments
The Group's consolidated balance sheet is affected by foreign exchange differences between the Euro and all non-Euro functional currencies of overseas subsidiaries and branches and other foreign operations. The Group hedges its structural currency risk when it considers that the cost of such hedging is within an acceptable range (in relation to the underlying risk). This hedging is effected by financing with borrowings in the same currency as the functional currency of the overseas subsidiaries and branches, as well as overseas associates and joint ventures and forward exchange rate contracts.
As at 30 June 2017, deposits and forward exchange rate contracts amounting to EUR136,251 thousand and EUR117,819 thousand respectively (31 December 2016: EUR100,756 thousand and EUR178,605 thousand respectively) have been designated as hedging instruments and have given rise to a gain of EUR125 thousand (corresponding period of 2016: gain of EUR36,286 thousand; year ended 31 December 2016: gain of EUR53,408 thousand) which was recognised in the 'Foreign currency translation reserve' in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, against the profit or loss from the retranslation of the net assets of the overseas subsidiaries and branches.
15. Fair value measurement
The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of the Group's financial assets and liabilities.
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
-------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
value value value value
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Financial assets
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and balances with
central banks 2,317,297 2,317,297 1,506,396 1,506,396
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Loans and advances
to banks 707,913 652,658 1,087,837 1,092,964
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Investments at fair
value through profit
or loss 32,453 32,453 43,016 43,016
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Investments available-for-sale 815,413 815,413 562,554 562,554
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Investments classified
as loans and receivables 69,957 74,380 68,074 69,451
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Derivative financial
assets 7,644 7,644 20,835 20,835
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Loans and advances
to customers 14,892,661 15,194,534 15,649,401 16,791,164
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Life insurance business
assets attributable
to policyholders 495,536 495,536 485,633 485,633
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Assets held for sale 20,179 18,698 - -
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Other assets 123,918 123,918 131,811 131,811
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
19,482,971 19,732,531 19,555,557 20,703,824
-------------------------------- =========== =========== =========== ===========
Financial liabilities
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Obligations to central
banks and deposits
by banks 1,314,750 1,314,750 1,284,800 1,284,800
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Repurchase agreements 256,234 285,321 257,367 292,752
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Derivative financial
liabilities 73,496 73,496 48,625 48,625
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Customer deposits 16,583,798 16,594,948 16,509,741 16,492,715
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Subordinated loan stock 256,503 283,632 - -
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Other liabilities 190,813 190,813 168,422 168,422
-------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
18,675,594 18,742,960 18,268,955 18,287,314
-------------------------------- =========== =========== =========== ===========
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities in the above table is as at the reporting date and does not represent any expectations about their future value.
The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing fair value:
Level 1: investments valued using quoted prices in active markets.
Level 2: investments valued using models for which all inputs that have a significant effect on fair value are market observable.
Level 3: investments valued using models for which inputs that have a significant effect on fair value are not based on observable market data.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the consolidated financial statements at fair value, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.
15. Fair value measurement (continued)
The following is a description of the determination of fair value for financial instruments which are recorded at fair value on a recurring and on a non-recurring basis and for financial instruments which are not measured at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, using valuation techniques. These incorporate the Group's estimate of assumptions that a market participant would make when valuing the instruments.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments valued using a valuation technique with market observable inputs are mainly interest rate swaps, currency swaps, currency rate options, forward foreign exchange rate contracts, equity options and interest rate collars. The most frequently applied valuation techniques include forward pricing and swap models, using present value calculations. The models incorporate various inputs including the credit quality of counterparties, foreign exchange spot and forward rates and interest rate curves.
Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA) and Debit Valuation Adjustments (DVA)
The CVA and DVA are incorporated into derivative valuations to reflect the impact on fair value of counterparty risk and the Group's own credit quality respectively.
The Group calculates the CVA by applying the probability of default (PD) of the counterparty, conditional on the non-default of the Group, to the Group's expected positive exposure to the counterparty and multiplying the result by the loss expected in the event of default. Conversely, the Group calculates the DVA by applying its own PD, conditional on the non-default of the counterparty, to the expected positive exposure of the counterparty to Group and multiplying the result by the loss expected in the event of default. Both calculations are performed over the life of the potential exposure.
The expected exposure of derivatives is calculated as per the Capital Requirement Regulations (CRR) and takes into account the netting agreements where they exist. A standard loss given default (LGD) assumption in line with industry norms is adopted. Alternative LGD assumptions may be adopted when both the nature of the exposure and the available data support this.
The Group does not hold any significant derivative instruments which are valued using a valuation technique with significant non-market observable inputs.
Investments available-for-sale and investments at fair value through profit or loss
Available-for-sale investments and investments at fair value through profit or loss which are valued using a valuation technique or pricing models, primarily consist of unquoted equity securities and debt securities. These assets are valued using valuation models which sometimes only incorporate market observable data and at other times use both observable and non-observable data. The rest of the investments are valued using quoted prices in active markets.
Loans and advances to customers
The fair value of loans and advances to customers is based on the present value of expected future cash flows. Future cash flows have been based on the future expected loss rate per loan portfolio, taking into account expectations for the credit quality of the borrowers. The discount rate includes components that capture the funding cost and the cost of capital.
Customer deposits
The fair value of customer deposits is determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate takes into account current market rates and the credit profile of the Company. The fair values of deposits repayable on demand and deposits protected by the Deposit Protection Guarantee Scheme are approximated by their carrying values.
Repurchase agreements
Repurchase agreements are collateralised bank takings. Given that the collateral provided by the Group is greater than the amount borrowed, the fair value calculation of these repurchase agreements only takes into account the time value of money.
15. Fair value measurement (continued)
Loans and advances to banks
Loans and advances to banks with maturity over one year are discounted using an appropriate risk free rate plus the credit spread of each counterparty. For short-term lending, the fair value is approximated by the carrying value.
Deposits by banks
Since almost all deposits by banks are very short-term, the fair value is an approximation of the carrying value.
Subordinated loan stock
The current issue is liquid with observable quoted prices in active markets.
Model inputs for valuation
Observable inputs to the models for the valuation of unquoted equity and debt securities include, where applicable, current and expected market interest rates, market expected default rates, market implied country and counterparty credit risk and market liquidity discounts.
The following table presents the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group's assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, by level of the fair value hierarchy:
Level Level Level Total
1 2 3
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Financial assets
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Trading derivatives
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Forward exchange rate contracts - 210 - 210
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Currency swaps - 2,575 - 2,575
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Interest rate swaps - 180 - 180
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Currency options - 7 - 7
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
- 2,972 - 2,972
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Derivatives qualifying
for hedge accounting
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Fair value hedges-interest
rate swaps - 4,199 - 4,199
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Net investments-forward
exchange rate contracts - 473 - 473
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
- 4,672 - 4,672
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Investments at fair value
through profit or loss
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Trading investments 11,452 - 644 12,096
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Other investments at fair
value through profit or
loss 19,446 750 161 20,357
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
30,898 750 805 32,453
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Investments available-for-sale 797,581 42 17,790 815,413
--------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
828,479 8,436 18,595 855,510
--------------------------------- ======== ======= ======= ========
For available-for-sale equity securities categorised as Level 3, for one investment with a carrying amount of EUR9,703 thousand, a change in the conversion factor by 10% would result in a change in the value of the equity securities by EUR970 thousand.
15. Fair value measurement (continued)
Level Level Level Total
1 2 3
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Financial liabilities
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Trading derivatives
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Forward exchange rate
contracts - 283 - 283
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Currency swaps - 24,556 - 24,556
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Interest rate swaps - 943 - 943
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Currency options - 372 - 372
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
- 26,154 - 26,154
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Derivatives qualifying
for hedge accounting
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Fair value hedges-interest
rate swaps - 46,038 - 46,038
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
Net investment-forward
exchange rate contracts - 1,304 - 1,304
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
- 47,342 - 47,342
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- ----------
- 73,496 - 73,496
-------------------------------- ======== ======= ======= ========
31 December 2016
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Financial assets
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Trading derivatives
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Forward exchange rate
contracts - 794 - 794
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Currency swaps - 15,875 - 15,875
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Interest rate swaps - 480 - 480
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Currency options - 85 - 85
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
- 17,234 - 17,234
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Derivatives qualifying
for hedge accounting
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Fair value hedges-interest
rate swaps - 87 - 87
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Net investments-forward
exchange rate contracts - 3,514 - 3,514
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
- 3,601 - 3,601
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Investments at fair value
through profit or loss
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Trading investments 11,787 - 686 12,473
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Other investments at fair
value through profit or
loss 19,189 11,176 178 30,543
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
30,976 11,176 864 43,016
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
Investments available-for-sale 545,898 41 16,615 562,554
-------------------------------- -------- ------- ------- --------
576,874 32,052 17,479 626,405
-------------------------------- ======== ======= ======= ========
For available-for-sale equity securities categorised as Level 3, for one investment with a carrying amount of EUR8,740 thousand, a change in the conversion factor by 10% would result in a change in the value of the equity securities by EUR874 thousand.
15. Fair value measurement (continued)
Level Level Level Total
1 2 3
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
31 December 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Financial liabilities
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Trading derivatives
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Forward exchange rate
contracts - 589 - 589
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Currency swaps - 8,215 - 8,215
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Interest rate swaps - 1,901 - 1,901
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Currency options - 198 - 198
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- 10,903 - 10,903
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Derivatives qualifying
for hedge accounting
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Fair value hedges-interest
rate swaps - 37,463 - 37,463
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net investments-forward
exchange rate contracts - 259 - 259
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- 37,722 - 37,722
---------------------------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- 48,625 - 48,625
---------------------------- ======= ======= ======= =======
During the six months ended 30 June 2017 and during the year 2016 there were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2.
The movement in Level 3 financial instruments which are measured at fair value is presented below:
2017 2016
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
1 January 17,479 55,253
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
Additions 23 13,867
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
Disposals and write offs (100) (51,937)
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
Net gains from fair value changes
recognised in the consolidated statement
of comprehensive income 1,279 485
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
Realised losses recognised in the (88) -
consolidated income statement
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
Foreign exchange adjustments 2 (189)
------------------------------------------- ------- ---------
30 June/31 December 18,595 17,479
------------------------------------------- ======= =========
16. Loans and advances to customers
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Gross loans and advances to customers 18,671,907 19,201,642
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Provisions for impairment of loans
and advances to customers
(Note 27) (3,779,246) (3,552,241)
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
14,892,661 15,649,401
--------------------------------------- ============ ============
Additional analysis and information regarding credit risk and analysis of the provisions for impairment of loans and advances to customers are set out in Note 27.
17. Stock of property
The carrying value of stock is determined as the lower of cost and net realisable value. Impairment is recognised if the net realisable value is below the cost of the stock of property. During the six months ended 30 June 2017 an impairment loss of EUR13,484 thousand was recognised in 'Impairment of non-financial instruments' in the consolidated income statement arising from measuring items at lower of cost and net realisable value. At 30 June 2017, stock of EUR491,422 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR608,985 thousand) is carried at net realisable value which is approximately the fair value less costs to sell.
The stock of property includes residential properties, offices and other commercial properties, manufacturing and industrial properties, hotels, land (fields and plots) and properties under construction. The stock of property pledged as collateral for central bank funding facilities under Eurosystem monetary policy operations and ELA amounts to EUR20,963 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR22,055 thousand).
The carrying value of the stock of property is analysed in the tables below.
2017 2016
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
1 January 1,427,272 515,858
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Acquisition of subsidiary - 75,632
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Additions 229,247 1,010,059
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Disposals (141,108) (139,316)
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Transfer (to)/from own use properties (129) 1,371
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Impairment (Note 10) (13,484) (36,220)
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Foreign exchange adjustments (67) (112)
--------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
30 June/31 December 1,501,731 1,427,272
--------------------------------------- ========== ==========
Analysis by type and Cyprus Greece Romania Total
country
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Residential properties 115,230 31,700 8,564 155,494
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Offices and other commercial
properties 279,392 53,821 10,091 343,304
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Manufacturing and industrial
properties 87,022 52,630 510 140,162
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Hotels 63,504 540 - 64,044
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Land (fields and plots) 784,948 5,478 7,471 797,897
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Properties under construction 830 - - 830
------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------
Total 1,330,926 144,169 26,636 1,501,731
------------------------------- ========== ======== ======== ==========
31 December 2016
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Residential properties 90,308 36,810 9,641 136,759
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Offices and other commercial
properties 256,152 55,676 12,340 324,168
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Manufacturing and industrial
properties 81,572 53,735 511 135,818
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Hotels 74,578 544 - 75,122
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Land (fields and plots) 739,058 5,732 9,824 754,614
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Properties under construction 791 - - 791
------------------------------- ---------- -------- ------- ----------
Total 1,242,459 152,497 32,316 1,427,272
------------------------------- ========== ======== ======= ==========
18. Prepayments, accrued income and other assets
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Receivables relating to disposal
of operations 42,781 57,056
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Reinsurers' share of insurance
contract liabilities 48,542 49,973
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Taxes refundable 35,008 33,582
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Debtors 25,044 24,571
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Prepaid expenses 1,775 1,765
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Retirement benefit plan assets 1,183 668
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
Other assets 89,947 102,296
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
244,280 269,911
---------------------------------- ======== ============
As at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016, the receivables relating to disposal of operations related to the disposal of the Ukrainian operations during 2014 which are secured and repayable in June 2019.
During the six months ended 30 June 2017, an impairment of EUR911 thousand was recognised in relation to other assets (corresponding period of 2016: reversal of impairment loss of EUR2,625 thousand) (Note 10).
19. Non-current assets held for sale
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
Non-current assets held for sale:
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
- investment properties 11,382 11,411
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
- loans and advances to customers 20,179 -
----------------------------------- -------- ------------
31,561 11,411
----------------------------------- ======== ============
The following non-current assets were classified as held for sale as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016:
Investment properties
The investment properties classified as held for sale are properties which management is committed to sell and has proceeded with an active programme to complete this plan. The disposals are expected to take place within 12 months from the date of classification. Investment properties classified as held for sale are measured at fair value. The results of the fair value changes are presented within '(Losses)/gains from revaluation and disposal of investment properties' in the consolidated income statement and are within the Cyprus or UK operating segments for investment properties in Cyprus and in the UK and in the Other countries operating segment for Greek and Romania investment properties.
Loans and advances to customers
The loans and advances to customers classified as held for sale are loans and advances which management is committed to sell and has proceeded with an active programme to complete this plan. The plan is expected to be completed within 12 months from the classification date. Further information is disclosed in Note 27.
20. Funding from central banks
Funding from central banks comprises funding from the ECB under Eurosystem monetary policy operations and ELA from the CBC, as set out in the table below:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) - 200,014
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Main Refinancing Operations (MRO) 30,000 -
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Longer-Term Refinancing Operations
(LTRO) 40,000 50,000
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing
Operations (TLTRO) 830,000 600,000
-------------------------------------- -------- ------------
900,000 850,014
-------------------------------------- ======== ============
In December 2016, BOC PCL borrowed an amount of EUR600 million through the new series of TLTRO (TLTRO II) announced by the ECB in March 2016 and an amount of EUR50 million through the LTRO. In March 2017, the EUR50 million borrowed through the LTRO matured and EUR40 million was re-borrowed. In March 2017, BOC PCL raised an additional EUR230 million funding from ECB, through TLTRO II. In April 2017, an additional EUR40 million was borrowed through the MRO and in May 2017 EUR10 million of the MRO was repaid.
As at 30 June 2017, ECB funding was at EUR900 million of which EUR30 million was from the weekly MRO, EUR40 million was from the 3-month LTRO and EUR830 million was from the 4-year TLTRO II.
The interest rate applied to TLTRO II will be fixed for each operation at the rate applied in the MRO prevailing at the time of allotment and is subject to a lower rate for counterparties whose eligible net lending in the pre-specified period exceeds their benchmark. This lower rate will be linked to the interest rate on the deposit facility prevailing at the time of the allotment of each operation.
ELA funding was repaid in full by BOC PCL on 5 January 2017.
Details on encumbered assets related to the above funding facilities are disclosed in Note 29.
21. Customer deposits
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
---------------------- ----------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------- ----------- ------------
By type of deposit
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Demand 5,922,807 6,182,096
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Savings 1,109,629 1,061,786
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Time or notice 9,551,362 9,265,859
---------------------- ----------- ------------
16,583,798 16,509,741
---------------------- =========== ============
By geographical area
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Cyprus 15,010,106 15,043,362
---------------------- ----------- ------------
United Kingdom 1,570,261 1,464,651
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Romania 3,431 1,728
---------------------- ----------- ------------
16,583,798 16,509,741
---------------------- =========== ============
By currency
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Euro 12,827,176 12,397,828
---------------------- ----------- ------------
US Dollar 1,797,257 2,201,980
---------------------- ----------- ------------
British Pound 1,805,319 1,690,118
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Russian Rouble 40,782 92,472
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Romanian Lei 3,379 1,669
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Swiss Franc 9,505 18,087
---------------------- ----------- ------------
Other currencies 100,380 107,587
---------------------- ----------- ------------
16,583,798 16,509,741
---------------------- =========== ============
21. Customer deposits (continued)
By customer sector Cyprus United Romania Total
Kingdom
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Corporate 1,382,851 49,419 3,252 1,435,522
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
SMEs 630,626 201,540 76 832,242
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Retail 8,038,945 1,319,302 103 9,358,350
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Restructuring
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- Corporate 115,721 - - 115,721
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- SMEs 39,494 - - 39,494
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Recoveries
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- Corporate 7,956 - - 7,956
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
International banking
services 4,096,277 - - 4,096,277
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Wealth management 698,236 - - 698,236
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
15,010,106 1,570,261 3,431 16,583,798
----------------------- =========== ========== ======== ===========
31 December 2016
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Corporate 1,184,681 53,457 1,446 1,239,584
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
SMEs 566,172 204,166 178 770,516
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Retail 7,778,136 1,207,028 104 8,985,268
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Restructuring
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- Corporate 192,442 - - 192,442
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- SMEs 27,685 - - 27,685
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Recoveries
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
- Corporate 11,176 - - 11,176
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
International banking
services 4,494,755 - - 4,494,755
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
Wealth management 788,315 - - 788,315
----------------------- ----------- ---------- -------- -----------
15,043,362 1,464,651 1,728 16,509,741
----------------------- =========== ========== ======== ===========
Deposits by geographical area are based on the originator country of the deposit.
22. Subordinated loan stock
Contractual 30 June 31 December
interest 2017 2016
rate
----------------------------- ------------ ------------------- -------------
EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------- ------------ ------------------- -------------
Subordinated Tier 2 Capital
Note 9.25% 256,503 -
----------------------------- ------------ =================== =============
BOC PCL maintains a Euro Medium Term Note ( ) Programme with an aggregate nominal amount up to EUR4,000 million.
In January 2017, BOC PCL issued a EUR250 million unsecured and subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note (Note) under BOC PCL's EMTN Programme. The Note was priced at par with a coupon of 9.25% payable in January, yearly. The Note matures on 19 January 2027. BOC PCL has the option to redeem the Note early on 19 January 2022, subject to applicable regulatory consents.
The Note is listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange's Euro Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) market.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities
Other liabilities at 30 June 2017 include retirement benefit plan liabilities of EUR20,759 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR22,776 thousand) and provisions for pending litigations, claims and regulatory matters of EUR81,313 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR48,882 thousand) for which the movement is presented below.
23.1 Provisions for pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters
The movement for the period in the provisions for pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters is as follows:
2017 2016
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
EUR000 EUR000
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
1 January 48,882 34,749
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
Increase of provisions during the period (Note 9) 36,149 4,533
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
Utilisation of provisions (2,008) (7,813)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
Release of provisions during the period (Note 9) (1,220) (4,724)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
Foreign exchange adjustments (490) (95)
--------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
30 June 81,313 26,650
--------------------------------------------------- ======== ========
The provisions for pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters are analysed as follows:
2017 2016
------------------------------ ------- -------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------ ------- -------
Pending litigation or claims 37,525 25,234
------------------------------ ------- -------
Regulatory matters 43,788 23,648
------------------------------ ------- -------
30 June/31 December 81,313 48,882
------------------------------ ======= =======
The recognition of provisions for pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters is determined in accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 2.30.1 of the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements of BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016, as detailed in Note 3.4.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities (continued) 23.2 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters
The Group in the ordinary course of business is subject to enquiries and examinations, requests for information, audits, investigations and legal and other proceedings by regulators, governmental and other public bodies, actual and threatened, relating to the suitability and adequacy of advice given to clients or the absence of advice, lending and pricing practices, selling and disclosure requirements, record keeping, filings and a variety of other matters. In addition, as a result of the deterioration of the Cypriot economy and banking sector in 2012 and the subsequent Restructuring of BOC PCL in 2013 as a result of the Bail-in Decrees, BOC PCL is subject to a large number of proceedings and investigations that either precede, or result from the events that occurred during the period of the Bail-in Decrees. Most ongoing investigations and proceedings of significance relate to matters arising during the period prior to the issue of the Bail-in Decrees.
Apart from what is described below, the Group considers that none of these matters is material, either individually or in aggregate. The Group has not disclosed an estimate of the potential financial effect on its contingent liabilities arising from these matters where it is not practicable to do so because it is too early or the outcome is too uncertain or, in cases where it is practicable, where disclosure could prejudice conduct of the matters. Provisions have been recognised for those cases where the Group is able to estimate probable losses. Where an individual provision is material, the fact that a provision has been made is stated. Any provision recognised does not constitute an admission of wrongdoing or legal liability. While the outcome of these matters is inherently uncertain, management believes that, based on the information available to it, appropriate provisions have been made in respect of legal proceedings and regulatory matters as at 30 June 2017 and hence it is not believed that such matters, when concluded, will have a material impact upon the financial position of the Group.
23.2.1 Pending litigation and claims
Investigations and litigation relating to securities issued by BOC PCL
A number of institutional and retail customers have filed various separate actions against BOC PCL alleging that BOC PCL is guilty of misselling in relation to securities issued by BOC PCL between 2007 and 2011. Remedies sought include the return of the money investors paid for these securities. Claims are currently pending before the courts in Cyprus and in Greece, as well as the decisions and fines imposed upon BOC PCL in related matters by Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) and/or Hellenic Capital Market Commission (HCMC).
The bonds and capital securities in respect of which claims have been brought are the following: 2007 Capital Securities, 2008 Convertible Bonds, 2009 Convertible Capital Securities (CCS) and 2011 Convertible Enhanced Capital Securities (CECS).
BOC PCL is defending these claims, particularly with respect to institutional investors and retail purchasers who received investment advice from independent investment advisors. In the case of retail investors, if it can be documented that the relevant BOC PCL officers 'persuaded' them to proceed with the purchase and/or purported to offer 'investment advice', BOC PCL may face significant difficulties. To date, a small number of cases have been tried in Greece. BOC PCL has appealed against any such cases which were not ruled in its favour. The resolution of the claims brought in the courts of Greece is expected to take a number of years. Provision has been made based on management's best estimate of probable outflows and based on advice of legal counsel.
Bail-in related litigation
Depositors
A number of the BOC PCL's depositors, who allege that they were adversely affected by the bail-in, filed claims against BOC PCL and other parties (such as the CBC and the Ministry of Finance of Cyprus) on the grounds that, inter alia, the 'Resolution Law of 2013' and the Bail-in Decrees were in conflict with the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus and the European Convention on Human Rights. They are seeking damages for their alleged losses resulting from the bail-in of their deposits. BOC PCL is defending these actions.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities (continued) 23.2 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters (continued) 23.2.1 Pending litigation and claims (continued)
Shareholders
Numerous claims were filed by shareholders in 2013 (some of whom were shareholders of BOC PCL) against the Government and the CBC before the Supreme Court in relation to the dilution of their shareholding as a result of the recapitalisation pursuant to the Resolution Law and the Bail-in Decrees issued thereunder. These proceedings sought the cancellation and setting aside of the Bail-in Decrees as unconstitutional and/or unlawful and/or irregular. BOC PCL appeared in these proceedings as an interested party to support the position that the cases should be adjudicated upon in the context of private law. The Supreme Court ruled in these cases in October 2014 that the proceedings fall within private and public law and thus fall within the jurisdiction of the District Courts.
As at the present date, both the Resolution Law and the Bail-in Decrees have not been annulled by a court of law and thus remain legally valid and in effect. It is expected that actions for damages will be instituted by the shareholders in due course before the District Courts of Cyprus.
Claims based on set-off
Certain claims have been filed by customers against BOC PCL alleging that the implementation of the bail-in under the Bail-in Decrees was not carried out correctly in relation to them and, in particular, that their rights of set-off were not properly respected. BOC PCL intends to contest such claims.
Laiki Bank depositors and shareholders
BOC PCL has been joined as a defendant with regards to certain claims which have been brought against Laiki Bank by its depositors, shareholders and holders of debt securities. These claims have been brought on grounds similar to the claims brought by BOC PCL's bailed-in depositors and shareholders as described above. BOC PCL, inter alia, maintains the position that it should not be a party to these proceedings.
Implementation of Decrees
Occasionally, other claims are brought against BOC PCL in respect of the implementation of the Decrees issued following the adoption of the Resolution Law (as regards the way and methodology whereby such Decrees have been implemented).
Legal position of the Group
All above claims are being vigorously disputed by the Group, in close consultation with the appropriate state and governmental authorities. The position of the Group is that the Resolution Law and the Decrees take precedence over all other laws. As matters now stand, both the Resolution Law and the Decrees issued thereunder are constitutional and lawful, in that they were properly enacted and have not so far been annulled by any court.
Provident fund case
In December 2015, the Bank of Cyprus Employees Provident Fund (the Provident Fund) filed an action against BOC PCL claiming EUR70 million allegedly owed as part of BOC PCL's contribution by virtue of an agreement with the union dated 31 December 2011. Based on facts currently known, it is not practicable at this time for BOC PCL to predict the resolution of this matter, including the timing or any possible impact on BOC PCL, however at this stage the Group does not expect a material impact on its financial position.
Employment litigation
Former senior officers of BOC PCL have instituted a total of three claims for unfair dismissal and for Provident Fund entitlements against BOC PCL and Trustees of the Provident Fund. As at the present date one case had been dismissed as filed out of time, but the plaintiff has appealed against this ruling. The Group does not consider that these cases will have a material impact upon its financial position.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities (continued) 23.2 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters (continued) 23.2.1 Pending litigation and claims (continued)
Greek case
In connection with a legal dispute (one case by BOC PCL against Themis and one by Themis against BOC PCL) relating to the BOC PCL's discontinued operations in Greece (Themis case), a provision was recognised in previous periods (30 September 2014: EUR38,950 thousand) following a court judgement of the Athens Court of Appeal (dismissing BOC PCL's case and upholding the Themis case). This provision was reversed as at 31 December 2014 following the dismissal of the judgement by the Greek Supreme Court in March 2015. The Supreme Court further ruled that these claims (BOC PCL 's claim against Themis for approximately EUR25 million which had been transferred to Piraeus Bank SA in March 2013, as well as Themis' claim against BOC PCL for a similar amount) are reconsidered by the Supreme Court on the merits at the instigation of the affected party. Both cases were heard in December 2016 and the court reserved its judgement. The Group does not consider that this case will have a material impact upon its financial position.
Swiss Francs loans litigation in Cyprus and UK
A number of actions have been instituted against BOC PCL by borrowers who obtained loans in foreign currencies (mainly Swiss Francs). The central allegation in these cases is that BOC PCL misled these borrowers and/or misrepresented matters, in violation of applicable law. BOC PCL intends to contest such proceedings. The Group does not expect that these actions will have a material impact upon its financial position.
UK property lending claims
BOC PCL is the defendant in certain proceedings alleging that BOC PCL is legally responsible for allegedly, inter alia, advancing and misselling loans for the purchase by UK nationals of property in Cyprus. The proceedings in the United Kingdom are currently stayed in order for the parties to have time to negotiate possible settlements.
General criminal investigations and proceedings
The Attorney General and the Cypriot Police (the Police) are conducting various investigations and inquiries following and relating to the financial crisis which culminated in March 2013. BOC PCL is cooperating fully with the Attorney General and the Police and is providing all information requested of it. Based on the currently available information, the Group is of the view that any further investigations or claims resulting from these investigations will not have a material impact on its financial position.
The Attorney General has filed a criminal case against BOC PCL and five former members of the Board of Directors for alleged breach of Article 302 (conspiracy to defraud) of Cyprus' criminal code and Article 19 of the Manipulation of Insider Information and Market Manipulation (Market Abuse) Law. The alleged offence refers to the non-publication in a timely manner of the increased capital shortfall of BOC PCL in 2012. BOC PCL denies all allegations. The case is pending in court. The maximum penalty on BOC PCL, if found guilty, will be the imposition of a fine that is not expected to have a material impact on the financial position of the Group.
The Attorney General has filed a separate criminal case against BOC PCL and six former members of the Board of Directors of BOC PCL for alleged breach of Article 19 of the Manipulation of Insider Information and Market Manipulation (Market Abuse) Law, with respect to the Greek Government Bonds. The alleged offence refers to the non-disclosure of the purchase of the Greek Government Bonds during a specified period. BOC PCL denies all allegations. The case is pending in court. The maximum penalty on BOC PCL, if found guilty, will be the imposition of a fine that is not expected to have a material impact on the financial position of the Group.
In January 2017 the Attorney General has filed a criminal case against a number of current and former officers of BOC PCL relating to the reclassification of Greek Government Bonds in April 2010. No charges were instituted against BOC PCL in this case.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities (continued) 23.2 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters (continued) 23.2.2 Provisions for regulatory matters
The Hellenic Capital Market Commission (HCMC) Investigation
The HCMC is currently in the process of investigating matters concerning the Group's investment in Greek Government Bonds from 2009 to 2011, including, inter-alia, related non-disclosure of material information in BOC PCL's CCS and CECS and rights issue prospectus (tracking the investigation carried out by CySEC in 2013), Greek government bonds' reclassification, ELA disclosures and allegations by some Greek Government Bond investors regarding BOC PCL's non-compliance with Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) in respect of investors' direct investments in Greek Government Bonds.
A specific estimate of the outcome of the investigations or of the amount of possible fines cannot be given at this stage, though it is not expected that any resulting liability or damages will have a material impact on the financial position of the Group.
Additionally, the HCMC has imposed a fine of EUR3 thousand on BOC PCL regarding the sale of Greek Government Bonds on behalf of the Greek Government. BOC PCL will consider the decision once served on it and will decide whether or not to file an appeal.
The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) Investigations
CySEC investigations concerning possible price manipulation attributable to BOC PCL for the period from 1 November 2009 to 30 June 2010 post the investment in Banca Transylvania and the adequacy of provisions for the impairment of loans and advances in year 2011 were completed and they are currently pending with the CySEC Board.
As the above investigations are in progress or decisions have been reserved, it is not practical at this stage for the Group to estimate reliably the possible consequences thereof, though it is not expected that any resulting liability or damages will have a material impact on the financial position of the Group.
Additionally, in late 2014 CySEC completed an investigation into the value of goodwill in CB Uniastrum Bank LLC disclosed in the interim financial statements of the Group in 2012. In October 2016, CySEC issued a decision, concluding that BOC PCL was in breach of certain laws regarding disclosure in accordance, inter alia, with the Market Manipulation (Market Abuse) Law of 2005 and has imposed an administrative fine upon BOC PCL of EUR25 thousand. CySEC also imposed higher fines upon certain former members of the Board of Directors and former management of BOC PCL. BOC PCL filed a recourse before the Administrative Court against the decisions of CySEC and the fine imposed upon BOC PCL. In March 2017, CySEC filed a legal action against BOC PCL, claiming the amount of EUR25 thousand imposed as a fine.
In 2015, CySEC carried out an investigation into the reclassification of Greek Government Bonds in April 2010, which was also completed in 2016 with no findings against BOC PCL.
The investigation regarding the adequacy of provisions for impairment of loans and advances in year 2013 in light of the results of the Asset Quality Review was also completed in 2016 with no finding against BOC PCL.
Commission for the Protection of Competition Investigation
In April 2014, following an investigation which began in 2010, the Cypriot Commission for the Protection of Competition (the CPC) issued a statement of objections, alleging violations of Cypriot and EU competition law relating to the activities and/or omissions in respect of card payment transactions by, among others, BOC PCL and JCC Payment Systems Ltd (JCC), a card-processing business currently 75% owned by BOC PCL.
There was also an allegation concerning BOC PCL's arrangements with American Express, namely that such exclusive arrangements violated Cypriot and EU competition law. On both matters, the CPC has concluded that BOC PCL (in common with other banks and JCC) has breached the relevant provisions of the applicable law for the protection of competition. In May 2017 the CPC imposed a fine of EUR18 million upon BOC PCL and BOC PCL filed a recourse against the decision and the fine. The payment of the fine has been staying pending the final outcome of the recourse.
23. Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities (continued) 23.2 Pending litigation, claims and regulatory matters (continued) 23.2.2 Provisions for regulatory matters (continued)
UK regulatory matters
During 2016 BOC group reported on a conduct principle issue for which a provision for EUR21,508 thousand has been recorded. The level of the provision represents the best estimate of all probable outflows arising from customer redress based on information available to management. Management has continued to reassess the adequacy of the provision, as well as the assumptions underlying the calculations based upon experience and other relevant factors prevailing at that time. A pilot mailing of invitations to complain is in progress to a statistically representative group of customers. The results of this pilot will be used to reassess the adequacy of the provision.
23.3 Other contingent liabilities
The Group, as part of its disposal process of certain of its operations, has provided various representations, warranties and indemnities to the buyers. These relate to, among other things, the ownership of the loans, the validity of the liens, tax exposures and other matters agreed with the buyers. As a result, the Group may be obliged to compensate the buyers in the event of a valid claim by the buyers with respect to the above representations, warranties and indemnities.
A provision has been made, based on management's best estimate of probable outflows, where it was assessed that such an outflow is probable.
24. Share capital
Company BOC PCL
---------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
30 June 2017 31 December
2016
---------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
Shares Shares
(thousand) EUR000 (thousand) EUR000
---------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
Authorised
---------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
Ordinary shares of EUR0.10
each 10,000,000 1,000,000 47,677,593 4,767,759
---------------------------- ============ ========== ============ ==========
Issued
---------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
1 January 8,922,945 892,294 8,922,945 892,294
---------------------------- ============ ========== ============ ==========
Cancellation of shares
due to reorganisation (8,922,945) (892,294) - -
---------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
Issue of shares 446,200 44,620 - -
---------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
30 June 2017/31 December
2016 446,200 44,620 8,922,945 892,294
---------------------------- ============ ========== ============ ==========
Authorised and issued share capital
2017
The Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) of the shareholders of BOC PCL held on 13 December 2016 approved a scheme of arrangement between the Company, BOC PCL and its shareholders. The scheme of arrangement introduces the Company as the new holding company of the Group. Additionally the EGM authorised the directors of BOC PCL to take all actions necessary or appropriate to carry the scheme of arrangement into effect. The scheme of arrangement was sanctioned by the District Court of Nicosia on 21 December 2016.
24. Share capital (continued)
Authorised and issued share capital (continued)
2017 (continued)
Following the submission of the Court Order to the Registrar of Companies and the Registration, by the latter, of the reduction of capital, the scheme of arrangement became effective on 18 January 2017. As a result on the same date, the authorised share capital of BOC PCL which amounted to EUR4,767,759,272.00 divided into 47,677,592,720 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each was reduced to EUR3,875,464,818.70 divided into 38,754,648,453.30 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each and its issued share capital which amounted to EUR892,294,453.30 divided into 8,922,944,533 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each was reduced to nil by cancelling all the shares comprising the issued share capital of BOC PCL (the Existing Shares) resulting in the creation of a capital reduction reserve in the accounts of BOC PCL, equal to the aggregate nominal value of the Existing Shares so cancelled, and which shall be retained as a non-distributable capital reserve in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) of section 64 of the Companies Law, Cap. 113 (the Reduction of Capital).
Following the reduction of the share capital of BOC PCL, the authorised share capital was increased to EUR4,767,759,272 divided into 47,677,592,720 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each through the creation of 8,922,944,533 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each, each of which shall have the same rights and shall rank pari passu with the existing ordinary shares of BOC PCL. Also, the reserve arising in the books of account of BOC PCL as a result of the cancellation of the Existing Shares was applied in paying up in full at par 8,922,944,533 new ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each in the capital of BOC PCL, which were issued and allotted, credited as fully paid, to the Company or its nominee(s) in accordance with the scheme of arrangement.
As mentioned above, all of the shares comprising the issued share capital of BOC PCL were cancelled and BOC PCL issued and allotted 8,922,944,533 new ordinary shares of nominal value EUR0.10 each, credited as fully paid to the Company; and the Company issued and allotted New Shares and procured the issue of Depositary Interests representing New Shares, in accordance with the terms of the scheme of arrangement. Each one New Share or one Depository Interest represents one New Share for each individual holding of 20 Existing Shares. As a result, the Company issued 446,199,933 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR0.10 each.
2016
There were no changes to the issued share capital during the year 2016.
All issued ordinary shares carry the same rights.
Share premium reserve
2017
As a result of the implementation of the scheme of arrangement, the share premium reserve was created in an amount equal to the difference between the nominal value of the shares issued pursuant to the terms of the scheme of arrangement and the net asset value of BOC PCL.
2016
The share premium reserve was maintained pursuant to the provisions of section 55 of the Companies Law, Cap. 113 and was not available for distribution to equity holders in the form of a dividend.
The share premium as at 31 December 2016 was created in 2014 and 2015 by the issuance of 4,167,234 thousand shares of a nominal value of EUR0.10 each of a subscription price of EUR0.24 each, and was reduced by the relevant transaction costs of EUR30,794 thousand.
Reorganisation of the Group
Following the reorganisation of the Group on 18 January 2017 the Company became the sole shareholder of BOC PCL and consequently the new parent of the Group. This transaction did not result in any change of economic substance and hence did not have any effect on the total equity of the Group. The Group financial results reflect the difference of EUR558,420 thousand in the amounts of share capital, share premium and capital reduction reserves as an adjustment in equity.
24. Share capital (continued)
Reorganisation of the Group (continued)
As these Financial Statements are a continuation of the consolidated financial statements of the BOC group for the year ended 31 December 2016, the components of equity for the year then ended reflect the capital structure of BOC PCL and following the reorganisation these components of equity reflect the capital structure of the Company.
Capital reduction reserve
2016
The capital reduction reserve was maintained pursuant to the provisions of section 55 of the Companies Law, Cap. 113 and was not available for distribution to equity holders in the form of a dividend.
The capital reduction reserve was created upon the reduction of the nominal value of ordinary shares from EUR1.00 each to EUR0.10 each in 2014. The reduction in capital amounted to EUR4,280,140 thousand, of which an amount of EUR2,327,654 thousand was applied against accumulated losses and an amount of EUR1,952,486 thousand was credited to the capital reduction reserve.
Treasury shares of the Company
Shares of the Company held by entities controlled by the Group are deducted from equity on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of such shares. No gain or loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. During 2016 all treasury shares other than those held by the life insurance subsidiary of BOC group have been disposed of.
The life insurance subsidiary of the Group, as at 30 June 2017, held a total of 142 thousand shares of the Company (31 December 2016: 2,889 thousand shares of BOC PCL), as part of its financial assets which are invested for the benefit of insurance policyholders. The cost of acquisition of these shares was EUR21,463 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR25,333 thousand).
Share-based payments-share options
Following the incorporation of the Company and its introduction as the new holding company of the Group in January 2017, the Long Term Incentive Plan (as approved on 24 November 2015 by the Annual General Meeting of BOC PCL) was replaced by the Share Option Plan which operates at the level of the Company. The Share Option plan is identical to the Long Term Incentive Plan except that the number of shares in the Company to be issued pursuant to an exercise of options under the Share Option Plan should not exceed 8,922,945 ordinary shares of a nominal value of EUR0.10 each and the exercise price was set at EUR5.00 per share. The term of the options was also extended to between 4-10 years after the grant date.
No share options were granted until the date of replacement of the Long Term Incentive Plan by the Share Option Plan at the level of the Company.
25. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise:
30 June 30 June
2017 2016
---------------------------------- ---------- ----------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Cash and non-obligatory balances
with central banks 2,169,718 1,392,577
---------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Treasury bills repayable within
three months 20,001 9,992
---------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Loans and advances to banks
with original maturity less
than
three months 538,832 989,911
---------------------------------- ---------- ----------
2,728,551 2,392,480
---------------------------------- ========== ==========
25. Cash and cash equivalents (continued)
Analysis of cash and balances with central banks and loans and advances to banks
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
---------------------------------- ---------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
---------------------------------- ---------- ------------
Cash and non-obligatory balances
with central banks 2,169,718 1,363,699
---------------------------------- ---------- ------------
Obligatory balances with central
banks 147,579 142,697
---------------------------------- ---------- ------------
Total cash and balances with
central banks 2,317,297 1,506,396
---------------------------------- ========== ============
Loans and advances to banks
with original maturity less
than
three months 538,832 867,329
------------------------------- -------- ----------
Restricted loans and advances
to banks 143,107 136,398
------------------------------- -------- ----------
Other loans and advances to
banks 25,974 84,110
------------------------------- -------- ----------
Total loans and advances to
banks 707,913 1,087,837
------------------------------- ======== ==========
Restricted loans and advances to banks relate to collateral under derivative transactions of EUR86,743 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR55,017 thousand) which is not immediately available for use by the Group, but is released once the transactions are terminated.
26. Analysis of assets and liabilities by expected maturity
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
----------------------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
Less Over one Total Less Over Total
than year than one year
one year one year
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Assets EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Cash and balances
with central
banks 2,169,828 147,469 2,317,297 1,364,949 141,447 1,506,396
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Loans and advances
to banks 598,400 109,513 707,913 953,160 134,677 1,087,837
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Derivative financial
assets 3,325 4,319 7,644 20,590 245 20,835
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Investments 60,177 857,646 917,823 76,415 597,229 673,644
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Loans and advances
to customers 4,350,368 10,542,293 14,892,661 5,546,601 10,102,800 15,649,401
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Life insurance
business assets
attributable
to policyholders 15,659 494,067 509,726 19,510 480,023 499,533
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Prepayments,
accrued income
and other assets 105,022 139,258 244,280 110,968 158,943 269,911
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Stock of property 637,551 864,180 1,501,731 457,104 970,168 1,427,272
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Property, equipment
and intangible
assets 3,488 428,864 432,352 21 427,835 427,856
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Investment properties - 26,333 26,333 - 38,059 38,059
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Investments
in associates
and joint ventures - 113,993 113,993 - 109,339 109,339
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Deferred tax
assets 7,483 376,098 383,581 2,970 447,471 450,441
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Non-current
assets held
for sale 31,561 - 31,561 11,411 - 11,411
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
7,982,862 14,104,033 22,086,895 8,563,699 13,608,236 22,171,935
----------------------- ========== =========== =========== ========== =========== ===========
Liabilities
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Deposits by
banks 334,743 80,007 414,750 354,778 80,008 434,786
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Funding from
central banks 70,000 830,000 900,000 250,014 600,000 850,014
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Repurchase agreements - 256,234 256,234 - 257,367 257,367
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Derivative financial
liabilities 26,826 46,670 73,496 9,434 39,191 48,625
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Customer deposits 6,110,764 10,473,034 16,583,798 5,367,559 11,142,182 16,509,741
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Insurance liabilities 89,694 506,249 595,943 86,002 497,995 583,997
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Accruals, deferred
income and other
liabilities 269,096 113,856 382,952 273,332 62,593 335,925
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Subordinated
loan stock - 256,503 256,503 - - -
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Deferred tax
liabilities 16 44,982 44,998 17 45,358 45,375
----------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
6,901,139 12,607,535 19,508,674 6,341,136 12,724,694 19,065,830
----------------------- ========== =========== =========== ========== =========== ===========
The main assumptions used in determining the expected maturity of assets and liabilities are set out below.
The investments are classified in the relevant time band based on expectations as to their realisation. In most cases this is the maturity date, unless there is an indication that the maturity will be prolonged or there is an intention to sell, roll or replace the security with a similar one. The latter would be the case where there is secured borrowing, requiring the pledging of bonds and these bonds mature before the maturity of the secured borrowing. The maturity of bonds is then extended to cover the period of the secured borrowing.
26. Analysis of assets and liabilities by expected maturity (continued)
Trading investments are classified in the 'less than one year' time band.
Performing loans and advances to customers in Cyprus are classified based on the contractual repayment schedule. Overdraft accounts are classified in the 'over one year' time band. The impaired loans as defined in
Note 27, net of specific and collective provisions, and the loans which are past due for more than 90 days, are classified in the 'over one year' time band except from expected receipts which are included within time bands, according to historic amounts of receipts in the last months.
Stock of property is classified in the relevant time band based on expectations as to its realisation.
The ELA funding which forms part of the funding from central banks has been included in the 'less than one year' time band as at 31 December 2016, since it was expected to be repaid within one year. Funding under ELA has a contractual maturity of less than one year.
A percentage of customer deposits in Cyprus maturing within one year is transferred in the 'over one year' time band, based on the observed behavioural analysis. In the United Kingdom deposits are classified on the basis of contractual maturities.
The expected maturity of all prepayments, accrued income and other assets and accruals, deferred income and other liabilities is the same as their contractual maturity. If they don't have a contractual maturity, the expected maturity is based on the timing the asset is expected to be realised and the liability is expected to be settled.
27. Risk management - Credit risk
In the ordinary course of its business the Group is exposed to credit risk which is monitored through various control mechanisms across all Group entities in order to prevent undue risk concentrations and to price credit facilities and products on a risk-adjusted basis.
Credit risk is the risk that arises from the possible failure of one or more customers to discharge their obligations towards the Group.
The Credit Risk department sets the Group's credit disbursement policies and monitors compliance with credit risk policy applicable to each business line and monitors the quality of the Group's loans and advances portfolio through the timely assessment of problematic customers. The credit exposures from related accounts are aggregated and monitored on a consolidated basis.
Credit Risk department, safeguards the effective management of credit risk at all stages of the credit cycle, monitors the quality of decisions and processes and ensures that credit sanctioning function is being properly managed.
The credit policies are combined with the methods used for the assessment of the customers' creditworthiness (credit rating and credit scoring systems).
The loan portfolio is analysed on the basis of assessments about the customers' creditworthiness, their economic sector of activity and the country in which they operate.
The credit risk exposure of the Group is diversified both geographically and across the various sectors of the economy. The Credit Risk department determines the prohibitive/dangerous sectors of the economy and sets out stricter policy rules for these sectors, according to their degree of riskiness.
The Group's significant judgements, estimates and assumptions regarding the determination of the level of provisions for impairment are described in Note 6 'Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions' of these Financial Statements.
The Market Risk department assesses the credit risk relating to investments in liquid assets (mainly loans and advances to banks and debt securities) and submits its recommendations for limits to be set for banks and countries to the Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO) for approval.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Maximum exposure to credit risk and collateral and other credit enhancements
The table below presents the maximum exposure to credit risk before taking into account the tangible and measurable collateral and other credit enhancements held.
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Balances with central banks 2,183,068 1,373,802
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Loans and advances to banks
(Note 25) 707,913 1,087,837
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Trading investments - debt
securities 517 476
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Debt securities at fair value
through profit or loss - 10,426
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Debt securities classified
as available-for-sale and
loans and receivables 862,203 608,666
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Derivative financial instruments
(Note 14) 7,644 20,835
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Loans and advances to customers
(Note 16) 14,892,661 15,649,401
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Loans and advances to customers 20,179 -
held for sale
(Note 19)
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Debtors (Note 18) 25,044 24,571
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Reinsurers' share of insurance
contract liabilities
(Note 18) 48,542 49,973
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Other assets and receivables
relating to disposal of operations 98,874 107,240
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
On-balance sheet total 18,846,645 18,933,227
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Contingent liabilities
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Acceptances and endorsements 7,197 7,606
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Guarantees 744,239 797,269
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Commitments
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Documentary credits 25,159 27,636
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Undrawn formal stand-by facilities,
credit lines and other commitments
to lend 2,145,368 2,035,191
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Off-balance sheet total 2,921,963 2,867,702
------------------------------------- ----------- ------------
Total credit risk exposure 21,768,608 21,800,929
------------------------------------- =========== ============
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Maximum exposure to credit risk and collateral and other credit enhancements (continued)
The Group's maximum exposure to credit risk is analysed by geographic area as follows:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------ ----------- ------------
On-balance sheet EUR000 EUR000
------------------ ----------- ------------
Cyprus 16,970,134 17,067,617
------------------ ----------- ------------
Greece 53,266 57,314
------------------ ----------- ------------
Russia 34,357 40,974
------------------ ----------- ------------
United Kingdom 1,715,423 1,602,229
------------------ ----------- ------------
Romania 73,465 165,093
------------------ ----------- ------------
18,846,645 18,933,227
------------------ =========== ============
Off-balance sheet
------------------- ---------- ----------
Cyprus 2,818,574 2,738,382
------------------- ---------- ----------
Greece 80,278 112,596
------------------- ---------- ----------
Russia - -
------------------- ---------- ----------
United Kingdom 22,804 16,327
------------------- ---------- ----------
Romania 307 397
------------------- ---------- ----------
2,921,963 2,867,702
------------------- ========== ==========
Total on and off-balance sheet
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
Cyprus 19,788,708 19,805,999
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
Greece 133,544 169,910
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
Russia 34,357 40,974
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
United Kingdom 1,738,227 1,618,556
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
Romania 73,772 165,490
-------------------------------- ----------- -----------
21,768,608 21,800,929
-------------------------------- =========== ===========
The Group offers guarantee facilities to its customers under which the Group may be required to make payments on their behalf and enters into commitments to extend credit lines to secure their liquidity needs.
Letters of credit and guarantee (including standby letters of credit) commit the Group to make payments on behalf of customers in the event of a specific act, generally related to the import or export of goods. Such commitments expose the Group to risks similar to those of loans and advances and are therefore monitored by the same policies and control processes.
Loans and advances to customers
The Credit Risk department determines the amount and type of collateral and other credit enhancements required for the granting of new loans to customers.
The main types of collateral obtained by the Group are mortgages on real estate, cash collateral/blocked deposits, bank guarantees, government guarantees, pledges of equity securities and debt instruments of public companies, fixed and floating charges over corporate assets, assignment of life insurance policies, assignment of rights on certain contracts and personal and corporate guarantees.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Maximum exposure to credit risk and collateral and other credit enhancements (continued)
The Group's management regularly monitors the changes in the market value of the collateral and, where necessary, requests the pledging of additional collateral in accordance with the relevant agreement.
Other financial instruments
Collateral held as security for financial assets other than loans and advances is determined by the nature of the financial instrument. Debt securities and other eligible bills are generally unsecured with the exception of asset-backed securities and similar instruments, which are secured by pools of financial assets. In addition, some debt securities are government-guaranteed.
The Group has chosen the ISDA Master Agreement for documenting its derivatives activity. It provides the contractual framework within which dealing activity across a full range of over-the-counter (OTC) products is conducted and contractually binds both parties to apply close-out netting across all outstanding transactions covered by an agreement, if either party defaults. In most cases the parties execute a Credit Support Annex (CSA) in conjunction with the ISDA Master Agreement. Under a CSA, the collateral is passed between the parties in order to mitigate the market contingent counterparty risk inherent in their open positions.
Settlement risk arises in any situation where a payment in cash or securities is made in the expectation of a corresponding receipt in securities or cash. The Group sets daily settlement limits for each counterparty. Settlement risk is mitigated when transactions are effected via established payment systems or on a delivery upon payment basis.
Credit risk concentration of loans and advances to customers
There are restrictions on loan concentrations which are imposed by the Banking Law in Cyprus, the relevant CBC Directives and CRR. According to these restrictions, banks are prohibited from lending more than 25% of the capital base to a single customer group. The Group's risk appetite statement imposes stricter concentration limits and the Group is taking actions to run down those exposures which are in excess of these internal limits over time.
In addition to the above, the Group's overseas subsidiaries must comply with guidelines for large exposures as set by the regulatory authorities of the countries in which they operate.
BOC PCL categorises its loans using the following customer sectors:
-- Retail - all personal customers and small businesses with facilities from BOC PCL of up to EUR260 thousand, excluding professional property loans;
-- SME - any company or group of companies (including personal and housing loans to the directors or shareholders of a company) with facilities with BOC PCL in the range of EUR260 thousand to EUR6 million and a maximum annual credit turnover of EUR10 million; and
-- Corporate - any company or group of companies (including personal and housing loans to the directors or shareholders of a company) with available credit lines with BOC PCL in excess of an aggregate principal amount of EUR6 million or having a minimum annual credit turnover of EUR10 million.
In addition, Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd defines corporate loans as loans over EUR1 million. SME loans are loans less than EUR1 million and retail loans relate to individuals.
Fair value adjustment on initial recognition
The fair value adjustment on initial recognition relates to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans. In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 3, this adjustment has decreased the gross balance of loans and advances to customers. However, for IFRS 7 disclosure purposes as well as for credit risk monitoring, the aforementioned adjustment is not presented within the gross balances of loans and advances.
Loan and advances to customers classified as held for sale
All information presented in this note includes all loans and advances to customers classified as held for sale with a gross value after fair value adjustment on initial recognition of EUR21,181 thousand.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit risk concentration of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Geographical and industry concentrations of Group loans and advances to customers are presented below:
Cyprus Greece United Romania Russia Total Fair value Gross
Kingdom adjustment loans
on initial after
recognition fair value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
By economic activity
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Trade 2,068,362 537 12,972 8,525 53,157 2,143,553 (76,746) 2,066,807
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Manufacturing 651,046 - 6,939 6,939 24,619 689,543 (21,371) 668,172
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Hotels and catering 1,409,114 - 104,787 3,176 - 1,517,077 (65,751) 1,451,326
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Construction 2,580,610 - 2,937 12,764 12,252 2,608,563 (177,825) 2,430,738
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Real estate 1,932,291 19,495 1,206,359 128,718 1 3,286,864 (86,197) 3,200,667
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Private individuals 6,836,528 214 40,545 262 - 6,877,549 (210,040) 6,667,509
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Professional and
other services 1,234,529 - 58,346 12,025 67,376 1,372,276 (77,818) 1,294,458
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Other sectors 975,009 336 1,298 32,541 - 1,009,184 (95,773) 913,411
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
17,687,489 20,582 1,434,183 204,950 157,405 19,504,609 (811,521) 18,693,088
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
By customer sector
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Corporate 7,270,080 20,368 1,175,849 194,193 146,831 8,807,321 (396,073) 8,411,248
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
SMEs 3,902,655 - 229,904 10,498 10,574 4,153,631 (184,508) 3,969,123
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Retail
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- housing 4,140,815 - 11,401 99 - 4,152,315 (95,781) 4,056,534
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- consumer, credit
cards and other 2,038,166 214 17,029 160 - 2,055,569 (126,955) 1,928,614
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
International
banking
services 280,525 - - - - 280,525 (3,356) 277,169
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Wealth management 55,248 - - - - 55,248 (4,848) 50,400
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
17,687,489 20,582 1,434,183 204,950 157,405 19,504,609 (811,521) 18,693,088
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit risk concentration of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Cyprus Greece United Romania Russia Total Fair value Gross
Kingdom adjustment loans
on initial after
recognition fair value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
By business line
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Corporate 3,214,853 20,368 1,171,288 127,371 146,831 4,680,711 (87,504) 4,593,207
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
SMEs 1,343,821 - 229,904 10,295 10,574 1,594,594 (22,037) 1,572,557
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Retail
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- housing 3,078,673 - 11,401 99 - 3,090,173 (32,915) 3,057,258
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- consumer, credit
cards and other 1,107,520 214 14,974 160 - 1,122,868 (15,543) 1,107,325
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Restructuring
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- major corporate 1,461,761 - - 33,875 - 1,495,636 (101,090) 1,394,546
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- corporate 920,056 - - - - 920,056 (11,056) 909,000
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- SMEs 1,154,590 - - - - 1,154,590 (43,929) 1,110,661
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail housing 393,531 - - - - 393,531 (5,687) 387,844
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail other 199,942 - - - - 199,942 (7,665) 192,277
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Recoveries
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- corporate 1,673,410 - 4,561 32,947 - 1,710,918 (196,423) 1,514,495
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- SMEs 1,404,244 - - 203 - 1,404,447 (118,542) 1,285,905
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail housing 668,611 - - - - 668,611 (57,179) 611,432
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail other 730,704 - 2,055 - - 732,759 (103,747) 629,012
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
International
banking
services 280,525 - - - - 280,525 (3,356) 277,169
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Wealth management 55,248 - - - - 55,248 (4,848) 50,400
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
17,687,489 20,582 1,434,183 204,950 157,405 19,504,609 (811,521) 18,693,088
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
Restructuring major corporate business line includes customers with exposures over EUR100,000 thousand, whereas restructuring corporate business line includes customers with exposures between EUR6,000 thousand and EUR100,000 thousand.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit risk concentration of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Cyprus Greece United Romania Russia Total Fair value Gross
Kingdom adjustment loans
on initial after
recognition fair value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
31 December 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
By economic activity
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Trade 2,044,324 - 13,964 11,141 55,100 2,124,529 (87,576) 2,036,953
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Manufacturing 658,811 - 7,133 7,735 25,396 699,075 (25,734) 673,341
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Hotels and catering 1,302,543 - 112,773 3,263 - 1,418,579 (62,665) 1,355,914
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Construction 2,874,331 - 3,181 75,918 12,793 2,966,223 (210,436) 2,755,787
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Real estate 2,022,559 19,599 1,056,924 200,825 6,934 3,306,841 (114,140) 3,192,701
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Private individuals 6,980,383 214 45,557 3,093 - 7,029,247 (227,057) 6,802,190
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Professional and
other services 1,332,250 - 54,865 12,458 97,148 1,496,721 (80,501) 1,416,220
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Other sectors 1,054,255 337 1,361 32,927 - 1,088,880 (120,344) 968,536
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
18,269,456 20,150 1,295,758 347,360 197,371 20,130,095 (928,453) 19,201,642
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
By customer sector
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Corporate 7,517,473 19,936 1,040,941 334,440 179,293 9,092,083 (481,340) 8,610,743
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
SMEs 4,100,298 - 222,337 12,641 11,144 4,346,420 (202,240) 4,144,180
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Retail
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- housing 4,202,358 - 13,314 100 - 4,215,772 (100,509) 4,115,263
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- consumer, credit
cards and other 2,064,802 214 19,166 179 6,934 2,091,295 (135,350) 1,955,945
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
International
banking
services 321,571 - - - - 321,571 (3,619) 317,952
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Wealth management 62,954 - - - - 62,954 (5,395) 57,559
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
18,269,456 20,150 1,295,758 347,360 197,371 20,130,095 (928,453) 19,201,642
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit risk concentration of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Cyprus Greece United Romania Russia Total Fair value Gross
Kingdom adjustment loans
on initial after
recognition fair value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
31 December 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
By business line
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Corporate 2,557,653 19,936 1,036,331 237,203 165,592 4,016,715 (71,064) 3,945,651
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
SMEs 1,377,837 - 222,337 12,442 11,144 1,623,760 (29,071) 1,594,689
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Retail
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- housing 3,531,293 - 13,314 100 - 3,544,707 (40,640) 3,504,067
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- consumer, credit
cards and other 1,317,434 214 17,617 179 - 1,335,444 (26,435) 1,309,009
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Restructuring
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- major corporate 2,080,586 - - 33,947 - 2,114,533 (156,190) 1,958,343
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- corporate 1,014,853 - - - - 1,014,853 (22,795) 992,058
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- SMEs 1,219,572 - - - - 1,219,572 (50,393) 1,169,179
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Recoveries
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- corporate 1,864,381 - 4,610 63,290 13,701 1,945,982 (231,291) 1,714,691
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- SMEs 1,502,889 - - 199 - 1,503,088 (122,776) 1,380,312
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail housing 671,065 - - - - 671,065 (59,869) 611,196
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
- retail other 747,368 - 1,549 - 6,934 755,851 (108,915) 646,936
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
International
banking
services 321,571 - - - - 321,571 (3,619) 317,952
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Wealth management 62,954 - - - - 62,954 (5,395) 57,559
--------------------- ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
18,269,456 20,150 1,295,758 347,360 197,371 20,130,095 (928,453) 19,201,642
--------------------- =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
The loans and advances to customers in Cyprus include lending exposures to Greek entities granted by BOC PCL in Cyprus in its normal course of business with a carrying value of EUR67,009 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR82,154 thousand) and lending exposures in Cyprus with collaterals in Greece with a carrying value of EUR105,562 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR106,968 thousand). Additionally as at 30 June 2017, the loans and advances to customers in Cyprus include lending exposures to Serbian entities or with collaterals in Serbia with a carrying value of EUR15,000 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR9,700 thousand).
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Currency concentration of loans and advances to customers
Cyprus Greece United Romania Russia Total Fair value Gross
Kingdom adjustment loans
on initial after
recognition fair value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Euro 16,835,586 20,582 227 203,426 16,072 17,075,893 (780,911) 16,294,982
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
US Dollar 129,527 - 442 - 44,303 174,272 (5,713) 168,559
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
British Pound 71,586 - 1,423,053 90 - 1,494,729 (456) 1,494,273
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Russian Rouble 197 - - - 97,030 97,227 (1) 97,226
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Romanian Lei - - - 1,434 - 1,434 - 1,434
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Swiss Franc 579,995 - 2,293 - - 582,288 (21,012) 561,276
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Other currencies 70,598 - 8,168 - - 78,766 (3,428) 75,338
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
17,687,489 20,582 1,434,183 204,950 157,405 19,504,609 (811,521) 18,693,088
------------------ =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
31 December
2016
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Euro 17,202,680 20,150 229 345,931 16,079 17,585,069 (882,038) 16,703,031
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
US Dollar 217,503 - 490 - 73,457 291,450 (10,281) 281,169
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
British Pound 41,312 - 1,276,658 88 - 1,318,058 (538) 1,317,520
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Russian Rouble 142 - - - 107,835 107,977 (1) 107,976
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Romanian Lei 1 - - 1,341 - 1,342 - 1,342
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Swiss Franc 719,584 - 7,570 - - 727,154 (31,170) 695,984
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
Other currencies 88,234 - 10,811 - - 99,045 (4,425) 94,620
------------------ ----------- ------- ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
18,269,456 20,150 1,295,758 347,360 197,371 20,130,095 (928,453) 19,201,642
------------------ =========== ======= ========== ======== ======== =========== ============= =============
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit quality of loans and advances to customers
The following table presents the credit quality of the Group's loans and advances to customers:
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
--------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
Gross Fair value Gross Gross Fair Gross
loans adjustment loans loans value loans
before on initial after before adjustment after
fair value recognition fair value fair on initial fair
adjustment adjustment value recognition value
on initial on initial adjustment adjustment
recognition recognition on initial on initial
recognition recognition
--------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
--------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Neither
past due
nor impaired 11,154,272 (189,368) 10,964,904 10,990,773 (166,185) 10,824,588
--------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Past due
but not
impaired 2,209,562 (33,703) 2,175,859 2,238,127 (38,743) 2,199,384
--------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Impaired 6,140,775 (588,450) 5,552,325 6,901,195 (723,525) 6,177,670
--------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
19,504,609 (811,521) 18,693,088 20,130,095 (928,453) 19,201,642
--------------- ============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Past due loans are those with delayed payments or in excess of authorised credit limits. Impaired loans are those for which a provision for impairment has been recognised on an individual basis or for which incurred losses exist at their initial recognition or customers in Debt Recovery.
During the six months ended 30 June 2017 the total non-contractual write-offs recorded by the Group amounted to EUR245,452 thousand (year 2016: EUR517,694 thousand). The remaining gross loan balance of these customers as at 30 June 2017 was EUR150,477 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR305,591 thousand), of which EUR23,171 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR19,651 thousand) were past due for more than 90 days but not impaired and EUR99,572 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR130,964 thousand) were impaired.
Loans and advances to customers that are past due but not impaired
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
-------------------- ---------- ------------
Past due analysis: EUR000 EUR000
-------------------- ---------- ------------
- up to 30 days 467,401 455,394
-------------------- ---------- ------------
- 31 to 90 days 322,186 375,161
-------------------- ---------- ------------
- 91 to 180 days 216,789 128,675
-------------------- ---------- ------------
- 181 to 365 days 201,129 140,714
-------------------- ---------- ------------
- over one year 1,002,057 1,138,183
-------------------- ---------- ------------
2,209,562 2,238,127
-------------------- ========== ============
The fair value of the collateral that the Group holds (to the extent that it mitigates credit risk) in respect of loans and advances to customers that are past due but not impaired as at 30 June 2017 is
EUR1,792,138 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR1,762,528 thousand). The fair value of the collateral is capped to the gross carrying value of the loans and advances to customers.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Credit quality of loans and advances to customers (continued)
Impaired loans and advances to customers
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
---------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
Gross loans Fair value Gross Fair value
and advances of collateral loans of collateral
and advances
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
Cyprus 5,747,583 3,514,466 6,384,503 3,953,086
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
Greece 20,368 18,215 19,936 17,962
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
Russia 157,405 13,687 196,144 87,381
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
United Kingdom 12,209 4,603 12,041 7,213
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
Romania 203,210 51,407 288,571 54,436
---------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
6,140,775 3,602,378 6,901,195 4,120,078
---------------- ============== =============== ============== ===============
The fair value of the collateral presented above has been computed based on the extent that the collateral mitigates credit risk and has been capped to the gross carrying value of the loans and advances to customers.
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------- ---------- ------------
Impaired: EUR000 EUR000
------------------- ---------- ------------
* no arrears 408,465 471,855
------------------- ---------- ------------
- up to 30 days 15,236 62,119
------------------- ---------- ------------
- 31 to 90 days 13,842 29,201
------------------- ---------- ------------
- 91 to 180 days 50,653 49,572
------------------- ---------- ------------
- 181 to 365 days 91,233 51,438
------------------- ---------- ------------
- over one year 5,561,346 6,237,010
------------------- ---------- ------------
6,140,775 6,901,195
------------------- ========== ============
Interest income on impaired loans
Interest income from loans and advances to customers includes interest on the recoverable amount of impaired loans and advances to customers amounting to EUR74,730 thousand (corresponding period of 2016: EUR102,377 thousand).
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers, including loans and advances to customers held for sale
The movement in provisions for impairment of loans and advances, including the loans and advances to customers held for sale, is as follows:
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
1 January 3,170,161 10,782 371,298 3,552,241
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Transfer between geographical
areas 23 (23) - -
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Foreign exchange and
other adjustments 42,927 (128) (6,012) 36,787
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Applied in writing
off impaired loans
and advances (398,684) (81) (97,643) (496,408)
Interest accrued on
impaired loans and
advances (57,127) (2) (394) (57,523)
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Collection of loans
and advances previously
written off 3,822 - 2 3,824
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Charge for the period
(Note 10) 729,051 1,206 11,070 741,327
------------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
30 June 3,490,173 11,754 278,321 3,780,248
------------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
Individual impairment 2,658,569 9,342 278,315 2,946,226
------------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
Collective impairment 831,604 2,412 6 834,022
------------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
Cyprus United Other Total
Kingdom countries
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
1 January 3,731,750 39,394 422,289 4,193,433
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Dissolution of subsidiaries - (6,154) - (6,154)
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Acquisition of subsidiary (8,577) - - (8,577)
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Foreign exchange and
other adjustments 84,110 (3,441) 1,721 82,390
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Applied in writing
off impaired loans
and advances (511,826) (3,699) (61,647) (577,172)
Interest accrued on
impaired loans and
advances (76,360) - (704) (77,064)
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Collection of loans
and advances previously
written off 445 - 25 470
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Charge/(reversal)
for the period
(Note 10) 152,474 (1,118) 28,402 179,758
----------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
30 June 3,372,016 24,982 390,086 3,787,084
----------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
Individual impairment 3,014,735 22,171 383,082 3,419,988
----------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
Collective impairment 357,281 2,811 7,004 367,096
----------------------------- ========== ========= =========== ==========
The above table does not include the fair value adjustments on initial recognition of loans acquired from Laiki Bank and provisions for impairment on financial guarantees and commitments which are part of other liabilities on the balance sheet. The balance of provisions for impairment of loans and advances to customers at 30 June 2017 includes EUR1,002 thousand for loans and advances to customers classified as held for sale. There were no loans and advances to customers classified as held for sale as at 30 June 2016 or as at 31 December 2016.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers, including loans and advances to customers held for sale (continued)
Assumptions have been made about the future changes in property values, as well as the timing for the realisation of the collateral, taxes and expenses on the repossession and subsequent sale of the collateral as well as any other applicable haircuts. Indexation has been used to estimate updated market values of properties, while assumptions were made on the basis of a macroeconomic scenario for future changes in property values. The Group at 30 June 2017, following a reconsideration of its strategy, to more actively explore other innovative strategic solutions to further accelerate balance sheet de-risking, has modified certain of its provisioning assumptions and estimates.
At 30 June 2017 the average haircut (including liquidity haircut and selling expenses) used in the collective provisions calculation is 32% (31 December 2016: average of 10% of the current market value of the property for those collaterals for which the increase in their value is capped to zero and 10% of the projected market value of the property for those collaterals for which their value is expected to drop).
The timing of recovery from real estate collaterals used in the collective provision calculation has been estimated to be on average 6 years (31 December 2016: average of 3 years except for customers in Debt Recovery, average of 6 years).
For the calculation of specific provisions, the timing of recovery of collaterals as well as the haircuts used were based on the specific facts and circumstances of each case.
In accordance with the Loan Impairment and Provisioning Procedures Directives of 2014 and 2015 of the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC), the cumulative average future change in property values during the year has been capped to zero.
The above assumptions are also influenced by the ongoing regulatory dialogue BOC PCL maintains with its lead regulator, the ECB, and other regulatory guidance and interpretations issued by various regulatory and industry bodies such as the ECB and EBA, which provide guidance and expectations as to relevant definitions and the treatment/classification of certain parameters/assumptions used in the estimation of provisions.
Any changes in these assumptions or difference between assumptions made and actual results could result in significant changes in the amount of required provisions for impairment of loans and advances.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Provision for impairment of loans and advances to customers including loans and advances to customers held for sale (continued)
Sensitivity analysis
The Group has performed sensitivity analysis on certain of the loan impairment assumptions relating to the loan portfolio in Cyprus with reference date 30 June 2017. The impact on the provisions for impairment of loans and advances is presented below:
Increase/(decrease)
on provisions
for impairment
of loans and
advances
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Change in provisions assumptions: EUR000
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Increase the timing of recovery from collaterals
by 1 year for all customers 127,834
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Decrease the timing of recovery from collaterals
by 1 year for all customers (136,845)
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Increase haircuts by 5% on all customers 132,929
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Decrease haircuts by 5% on all customers (134,077)
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Increase the average expected recovery
period by 1 year and decrease of haircuts
by 5% on all customers 20
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Decrease the average expected recovery
period by 1 year and increase haircuts
by 5% on all customers 2,286
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Forbearance
Forbearance measures occur in situations in which the borrower is considered to be unable to meet the terms and conditions of the contract due to financial difficulties. Taking into consideration these difficulties, the Group decides to modify the terms and conditions of the contract to provide the borrower the ability to service the debt or refinance the contract, either partially or fully.
The practice of extending forbearance measures constitutes a grant of a concession whether temporarily or permanently to that borrower. A concession may involve restructuring the contractual terms of a debt or payment in some form other than cash, such as an arrangement whereby the borrower transfers collateral pledged to the Group. As such, it constitutes an objective indicator that requires assessing whether impairment is needed.
Modifications of loans and advances that do not affect payment arrangements, such as restructuring of collateral or security arrangements are not regarded as sufficient to indicate impairment as by themselves they do not necessarily indicate credit distress affecting payment ability.
Rescheduled loans and advances are those facilities for which the Group has modified the repayment programme (provision of a grace period, suspension of the obligation to repay one or more instalments, reduction in the instalment amount and/or elimination of overdue instalments relating to capital or interest) and current accounts/overdrafts for which the credit limit has been increased with the sole purpose of covering an excess.
For an account to qualify for rescheduling it must meet certain criteria including that the client's business must be considered to be viable. The extent to which the Group reschedules accounts that are eligible under its existing policies may vary depending on its view of the prevailing economic conditions and other factors which may change from year to year. In addition, exceptions to policies and practices may be made in specific situations in response to legal or regulatory agreements or orders.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Forbearance (continued)
Forbearance activities may include measures that restructure the borrower's business (operational restructuring) and/or measures that restructure the borrower's financing (financial restructuring).
Restructuring options may be of a short or long-term nature or combination thereof. The Group has developed and deployed restructuring solutions, which are suitable for the borrower and acceptable for the Group.
Short-term restructuring solutions are defined as restructured repayment solutions of duration of less than two years. In the case of loans for the construction of commercial property and project finance, a short-term solution may not exceed one year.
Short-term restructuring solutions can include the following:
-- Interest only: during a defined short-term period, only interest is paid on credit facilities and no principal repayment is made.
-- Reduced payments: decrease of the amount of repayment instalments over a defined short-term period in order to accommodate the borrower's new cash flow position.
-- Arrears and/or interest capitalisation: the capitalisation of arrears and/or of accrued interest arrears to the principal; that is forbearance of the arrears and addition of any unpaid interest to the outstanding principal balance for repayment under a rescheduled program.
-- Grace period: an agreement allowing the borrower a defined delay in fulfilling the repayment obligations usually with regard to the principal.
-- Interest rate reduction: permanent or temporary reduction of interest rate (fixed or variable) into a fair and sustainable rate.
Long-term restructuring solutions can include the following:
-- Extension of maturity: extension of the maturity of the loan which allows a reduction in instalment amounts by spreading the repayments over a longer period.
-- Additional security: when additional liens on unencumbered assets are obtained as additional security from the borrower in order to compensate for the higher risk exposure and as part of the restructuring process.
-- Forbearance of penalties in loan agreements: waiver, temporary or permanent, of violations of covenants in the loan agreements.
-- Rescheduling of payments: the existing contractual repayment schedule is adjusted to a new sustainable repayment program based on a realistic, current and forecasted, assessment of the cash flow generation of the borrower.
-- Strengthening of the existing collateral: a restructuring solution may entail the pledge of additional security for instance, in order to compensate for the reduction in interest rates or to balance the advantages the borrower receives from the restructuring.
-- New loan facilities: new loan facilities may be granted during a restructuring agreement, which may entail the pledge of additional security and in the case of inter-creditor arrangements the introduction of covenants in order to compensate for the additional risk incurred by the Group in providing a new financing to a distressed borrower.
-- Debt consolidation: the combination of multiple exposures into a single loan or limited number of loans.
-- Debt/equity swaps: partial set-off of the debt and obtaining of an equivalent amount of equity by the Group, with the remaining debt right-sized to the cash flows of the borrower to allow repayment to the Group from repayment on the re-sized debt and from the eventual sale of the equity stake in the business. This solution is used only in exceptional cases and only where all other efforts for restructuring are exhausted and after ensuring compliance with the banking law.
-- Debt/asset swaps: agreement between the Group and the borrower to voluntarily dispose of the secured asset to partially or fully repay the debt. The asset may be acquired by the Group and any residual debt may be restructured within an appropriate repayment schedule in line with the borrower's reassessed repayment ability.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Forbearance (continued)
-- Debt write-off: cancellation of part or the whole of the amount of debt outstanding by the borrower. The Group applies the debt forgiveness solution only as a last resort and in remote cases having taken into consideration the ability of the borrower to repay the remaining debt in the agreed timeframe and the moral hazard.
-- Split and freeze: the customer's debt is split into sustainable and unsustainable parts. The sustainable part is restructured and continues to operate. The unsustainable part is 'frozen' for the restructured duration of the sustainable part. At the maturity of the restructuring, the frozen part is either forgiven pro-rata (based on the actual repayment of the sustainable part) or restructured.
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers
The below tables present the Group's rescheduled loans and advances to customers by industry sector, geography and credit quality classification, as well as impairment provisions and tangible collateral held for rescheduled loans.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
1 January 7,401,870 337 83,893 90,323 78,881 7,655,304
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
New loans and advances rescheduled
in the period 270,153 - - 48,376 4,127 322,656
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Assets no longer classified
as rescheduled
(including repayments) (658,408) (1) (2,218) (36,142) (13,926) (710,695)
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Applied in writing off rescheduled
loans and advances (222,091) - - - (13,000) (235,091)
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Interest accrued on rescheduled
loans and advances 154,977 - - 8 745 155,730
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Foreign exchange adjustments (6,699) - (3,441) (2,394) (97) (12,631)
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
30 June 6,939,802 336 78,234 100,171 56,730 7,175,273
------------------------------------ ========== ======= ========= ========= ========= ==========
2016
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
1 January 8,391,624 24,865 138,376 116,232 119,185 8,790,282
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
New loans and advances rescheduled
in the period 708,038 - - 31,480 20,514 760,032
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Assets no longer classified
as rescheduled
(including repayments) (781,846) - (71,306) (30,452) (1,396) (885,000)
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Applied in writing off rescheduled
loans and advances (386,597) - - (278) (83) (386,958)
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Interest accrued on rescheduled
loans and advances 170,695 22 575 346 537 172,175
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
Foreign exchange adjustments 159 - 11,634 (10,796) (61) 936
------------------------------------ ---------- ------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
30 June 8,102,073 24,887 79,279 106,532 138,696 8,451,467
------------------------------------ ========== ======= ========= ========= ========= ==========
The classification as rescheduled loans is discontinued when all EBA criteria for the discontinuation of the classification as forborne exposure are met. These are set out in EBA Final draft Implementing Technical Standards (ITS) on supervisory reporting and non-performing exposures.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Credit quality
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Neither past due nor impaired 3,653,747 - - 85,597 113 3,739,457
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Past due but not impaired 1,300,870 - - 12,601 60 1,313,531
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Impaired 1,985,185 336 78,234 1,973 56,557 2,122,285
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
6,939,802 336 78,234 100,171 56,730 7,175,273
------------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
31 December 2016
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Neither past due nor impaired 4,021,923 - - 85,722 85 4,107,730
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Past due but not impaired 1,212,177 - 671 2,509 225 1,215,582
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Impaired 2,167,770 337 83,222 2,092 78,571 2,331,992
------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
7,401,870 337 83,893 90,323 78,881 7,655,304
------------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Fair value of collateral
Cyprus Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Neither past due nor impaired 3,299,750 - 85,551 127 3,385,428
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Past due but not impaired 1,094,531 - 12,599 - 1,107,130
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Impaired 1,435,498 17,760 1,891 25,375 1,480,524
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
5,829,779 17,760 100,041 25,502 5,973,082
------------------------------- ========== ======= ========= ======== ==========
31 December 2016
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Neither past due nor impaired 3,772,578 - 85,661 80 3,858,319
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Past due but not impaired 1,021,347 671 2,504 182 1,024,704
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Impaired 1,828,036 47,740 1,974 22,060 1,899,810
------------------------------- ---------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
6,621,961 48,411 90,139 22,322 6,782,833
------------------------------- ========== ======= ========= ======== ==========
The fair value of collateral presented above has been computed based on the extent that the collateral mitigates credit risk.
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Credit risk concentration
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
By economic activity
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Trade 660,763 - 33,930 233 2,325 697,251
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Manufacturing 212,956 - 15,988 - 1,392 230,336
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Hotels and catering 488,617 - - 4,347 3,162 496,126
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Construction 1,381,037 - 8,435 165 11,361 1,400,998
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Real estate 1,023,595 - - 84,997 38,009 1,146,601
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Private individuals 2,408,860 - - 1,268 60 2,410,188
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Professional and other
services 416,379 - 19,881 9,161 80 445,501
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Other sectors 347,595 336 - - 341 348,272
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
6,939,802 336 78,234 100,171 56,730 7,175,273
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
By customer sector
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Corporate 3,128,248 336 73,131 85,114 55,786 3,342,615
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
SMEs 1,622,532 - 5,103 13,926 884 1,642,445
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Retail
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- housing 1,571,103 - - - - 1,571,103
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- consumer, credit cards
and other 554,099 - - 1,131 60 555,290
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
International banking
services 61,720 - - - - 61,720
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Wealth management 2,100 - - - - 2,100
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
6,939,802 336 78,234 100,171 56,730 7,175,273
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Credit risk concentration (continued)
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
By business line
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Corporate 924,822 336 73,131 85,114 51,438 1,134,841
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
SMEs 421,868 - 5,103 13,926 884 441,781
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Retail
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- housing 1,135,454 - - - - 1,135,454
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- consumer, credit cards
and other 325,518 - - 1,131 60 326,709
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Restructuring
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- major corporate 951,788 - - - 113 951,901
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- corporate 728,034 - - - - 728,034
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- SMEs 802,252 - - - - 802,252
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail housing 261,775 - - - - 261,775
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail other 106,451 - - - - 106,451
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Recoveries
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- corporate 523,604 - - - 4,235 527,839
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- SMEs 398,412 - - - - 398,412
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail housing 173,874 - - - - 173,874
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail other 122,130 - - - - 122,130
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
International banking
services 61,720 - - - - 61,720
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Wealth management 2,100 - - - - 2,100
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
6,939,802 336 78,234 100,171 56,730 7,175,273
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Credit risk concentration (continued)
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
31 December 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
By economic activity
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Trade 668,305 - 35,229 261 1,624 705,419
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Manufacturing 214,248 - 16,347 - 1,263 231,858
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Hotels and catering 619,259 - - 12,139 3,249 634,647
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Construction 1,539,773 - 8,934 176 25,175 1,574,058
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Real estate 1,047,280 - - 69,426 47,192 1,163,898
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Private individuals 2,515,157 - - 996 60 2,516,213
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Professional and other
services 446,946 - 23,383 7,325 - 477,654
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Other sectors 350,902 337 - - 318 351,557
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
7,401,870 337 83,893 90,323 78,881 7,655,304
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
By customer sector
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Corporate 3,418,231 337 78,488 74,987 77,556 3,649,599
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
SMEs 1,675,528 - 5,405 14,501 1,265 1,696,699
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Retail
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- housing 1,661,487 - - - - 1,661,487
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- consumer, credit cards
and other 567,426 - - 835 60 568,321
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
International banking
services 74,704 - - - - 74,704
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Wealth management 4,494 - - - - 4,494
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
7,401,870 337 83,893 90,323 78,881 7,655,304
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ========== 27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Credit risk concentration (continued)
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
31 December 2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
By business line
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Corporate 711,872 337 78,488 74,987 77,391 943,075
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
SMEs 464,163 - 5,405 14,501 1,265 485,334
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Retail
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- housing 1,494,123 - - - - 1,494,123
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- consumer, credit cards
and other 449,107 - - 835 60 450,002
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Restructuring
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- major corporate 1,371,448 - - - 165 1,371,613
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- corporate 790,600 - - - - 790,600
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- SMEs 815,597 - - - - 815,597
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Recoveries
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- corporate 544,311 - - - - 544,311
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- SMEs 395,768 - - - - 395,768
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail housing 167,364 - - - - 167,364
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
- retail other 118,319 - - - - 118,319
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
International banking
services 74,704 - - - - 74,704
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Wealth management 4,494 - - - - 4,494
-------------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
7,401,870 337 83,893 90,323 78,881 7,655,304
-------------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
27. Risk management - Credit risk (continued)
Rescheduled loans and advances to customers (continued)
Provisions for impairment
Cyprus Greece Russia United Romania Total
Kingdom
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Individual impairment 881,077 336 62,531 1,665 37,327 982,936
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Collective impairment 539,867 - - 409 - 540,276
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
1,420,944 336 62,531 2,074 37,327 1,523,212
----------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
31 December 2016
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Individual impairment 899,178 337 65,297 1,855 59,791 1,026,458
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
Collective impairment 200,069 - 359 365 2 200,795
----------------------- ---------- ------- ------- --------- -------- ----------
1,099,247 337 65,656 2,220 59,793 1,227,253
----------------------- ========== ======= ======= ========= ======== ==========
28. Risk management - Market risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices - namely from changes in interest rates, exchange rates and security prices. The Market Risk department is responsible for monitoring the risk resulting from such changes with the objective to minimise the impact on earnings and capital. The department also monitors liquidity risk and credit risk with counterparties and countries. It is also responsible for monitoring compliance with the various market risk policies and procedures.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. It arises mainly as a result of timing differences on the repricing of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items.
Currency risk
Currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Price risk
Equity securities price risk
The risk of loss from changes in the price of equity securities arises when there is an unfavourable change in the prices of equity securities held by the Group as investments.
Debt securities price risk
Debt securities price risk is the risk of loss as a result of adverse changes in the prices of debt securities held by the Group. Debt security prices change as the credit risk of the issuer changes and/or as the interest rate changes for fixed rate securities. The Group invests a significant part of its liquid assets in debt securities issued mostly by governments.
The Group considers that the profile of its market risk has remained similar to the one prevailing at 31 December 2016 as presented in Note 44 of the nnual Consolidated Financial Statements of BOC group for the year 2016.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is unable to fully or promptly meet current and future payment obligations as and when they fall due. This risk includes the possibility that the Group may have to raise funding at high cost or sell assets at a discount to fully and promptly satisfy its obligations.
It reflects the potential mismatch between incoming and outgoing payments, taking into account unexpected delays in repayment or unexpectedly high payment outflows. Liquidity risk involves both the risk of unexpected increases in the cost of funding of the portfolio of assets and the risk of being unable to liquidate a position in a timely manner on reasonable terms.
In order to limit this risk, management aims to achieve diversified funding sources in addition to the Group's core deposit base, and has adopted a policy of managing assets with liquidity in mind and monitoring cash flows and liquidity on a daily basis. The Group has developed internal control processes and contingency plans for managing liquidity risk.
Management and structure
The Board of Directors sets the Group's Liquidity Risk Appetite being the level of risk at which the Group should operate.
The Board of Directors, through its Risk Committee, approves the Liquidity Policy Statement and reviews almost at every meeting the liquidity position of the Group. Information on inflows/outflows is also provided.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
Management and structure (continued)
The ALCO is responsible for setting the policies for the effective management and monitoring of liquidity across the Group. It also monitors the liquidity position of its major banking units at least monthly. Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd ALCO is responsible for monitoring the liquidity position of the unit and ensuring compliance with the approved policies. Given the current liquidity position of BOC PCL, the ALCO considers the monitoring of liquid assets and the cash inflows/outflows of BOC PCL in Cyprus, to be of utmost importance.
Group Treasury is responsible for liquidity management at Group level and for overseeing the operations of Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd, to ensure compliance with internal and regulatory liquidity policies and provide direction as to the actions to be taken regarding liquidity needs. The Group Treasury also manages the treasury business of Bank of Cyprus Romania, which is in run-down mode. Every unit is responsible for managing its liquidity and targets to finance its own needs in the medium term. Group Treasury assesses on a continuous basis, and informs ALCO at regular time intervals, the adequacy of the liquid assets and takes the necessary actions to enhance the Group's liquidity position.
Liquidity is also monitored daily by Market Risk, which is an independent department responsible to monitor compliance at the level of individual units, as well as at Group level, with both internal policies and limits, and with the limits set by the regulatory authorities in the countries where the Group operates. Market Risk reports to ALCO the regulatory liquidity position of the various units of the Group, at least monthly. It also provides the results of various stress tests to ALCO at least quarterly.
Liquidity is monitored and managed on an ongoing basis through:
(i) Risk appetite: established Group Risk Appetite together with the appropriate limits for the management of all risks including liquidity risk.
(ii) Liquidity policy: sets the responsibilities for managing liquidity risk as well as the framework, limits and stress test assumptions.
(iii) Liquidity limits: a number of internal and regulatory limits are monitored on a daily, monthly and quarterly basis. Where applicable, a traffic light system (RAG) has been introduced for the ratios, in order to raise flags when the ratios deteriorate.
(iv) Early warning indicators: monitoring of a range of indicators for early signs of liquidity risk in the market or specific to the Group. These are designed to immediately identify the emergence of increased liquidity risk to maximise the time available to execute appropriate mitigating actions.
(v) Liquidity Contingency Plan: maintenance of a Liquidity Contingency Plan (LCP) which is designed to provide a framework where a liquidity stress could be effectively managed. The LCP provides a communication plan and includes management actions to respond to liquidity stresses.
(vi) Recovery Plan: the Group has developed a Recovery Plan. The key objectives are to provide the Group with a range of options to ensure its viability in a stress, to set consistent Early Warning and Recovery Indicators and to enable the Group to be adequately prepared to respond to stressed conditions.
Monitoring process
Daily
The daily monitoring of cash flows and highly liquid assets is important to safeguard and ensure the uninterrupted operations of the Group's activities. Market Risk prepares a report for submission to the CBC and ECB/Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), indicating the opening and closing liquidity position, net customer movements and other movements analysed by the main currencies. In addition, Group Treasury monitors daily and intraday the customer inflows and outflows in the main currencies used by the Group.
Since May 2016, Market Risk also prepares daily stress testing for bank-specific, market wide and combined scenarios. The requirement is to have sufficient liquidity buffer to enable BOC PCL to survive a two-week stress period, and adequate capacity to raise funding under a three month period, under all scenarios.
The liquidity buffer is made up of: Banknotes, CBC balances (excluding the Minimum Reserve Requirements (MRR)), nostro current accounts, money market placements up to the stress horizon, available ECB credit line and market value net of haircut of eligible unencumbered/available bonds. These are all High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) as per the LCR definitions and /or ECB Eligible bonds and excludes domestic issues of Cyprus Government Bonds.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
Monitoring process (continued)
Daily (continued)
The designing of the stress tests followed best practice guidance and was based on the liquidity risk drivers which are recognised internationally by both the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and EBA SREP. The stress tests assumptions are included in the Group Liquidity Policy which is reviewed on an annual basis and approved by the Board. However, whenever it is considered appropriate to amend the assumptions during the year, approval is requested by ALCO and the Board Risk Committee. The main items shocked in the different scenarios are: deposit outflows, wholesale funding, loan repayments, off-balance sheet commitments, marketable securities and cash collateral for derivatives and repos.
Weekly
Market Risk prepares a weekly report of Euro and foreign currency liquidity mismatch which is submitted to the CBC.
Monthly
Market Risk prepares reports monitoring compliance with internal and regulatory liquidity ratios, for all banking units and for the Group and submits them to the ALCO, the Executive Committee and the Board Risk Committee. It also calculates the expected flows under a stress scenario and compares them with the projected available liquidity buffer in order to calculate the survival days. The fixed deposit renewal rates and deposits by tenor are also presented to the ALCO.
Market Risk reports the LCR and Additional Liquidity Monitoring Metrics (ALMM) to the CBC/ECB monthly.
Group Treasury prepares a liquidity report which is submitted to the ALCO on a monthly basis. The report indicates the liquidity position of BOC PCL, data on monthly customer flows, as well as other important developments related to liquidity.
Quarterly
The results of the stress testing scenarios prepared daily are reported to ALCO and Board Risk Committee quarterly. Moreover, Market Risk reports the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), Leverage Ratio to the CBC/ECB quarterly and various other liquidity reports, included in the short-term exercise of the SSM per their SREP guidelines.
Annually
The Group prepares on an annual basis its report on Internal Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process (ILAAP). Market Risk coordinates the preparation of ICAAP.
As part of the Group's procedures for monitoring and managing liquidity risk, there is a Group Liquidity Contingency Plan for handling liquidity difficulties. The plan details the steps to be taken in the event that liquidity problems arise, which escalate to a special meeting of the extended ALCO. The plan sets out the members of this Committee and a series of the possible actions that can be taken. This plan, as well as the Group's Liquidity Policy, is reviewed by ALCO at least annually, during the ILAAP review. The ALCO submits the updated policy with its recommendations to the Board through the Board Risk Committee for approval. The approved policy is notified to the SSM.
Liquidity ratios
The Group LCR presented in the table below, is calculated based on the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61. It is designed to establish a minimum level of high-quality liquid assets sufficient to meet an acute stress lasting for 30 calendar days. It became a minimum standard on 1 July 2015. The minimum requirement began at 60% in 2015, rising in annual steps to reach 100% on 1 January 2018. During 2017 the minimum requirement is 80%.
The Group LCR is calculated monthly by Market Risk and sent to CBC/ECB 15 days after the month end. Following ELA repayment in January 2017, BOC PCL has been concentrating its efforts in increasing liquid assets and thus improving its LCR.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
Liquidity ratios (continued)
The Group's LCR ratio was as follows:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------------- -------- ------------
% %
------------------------- -------- ------------
End of reporting period 108 49
------------------------- -------- ------------
Average monthly ratio 85 5
------------------------- -------- ------------
Highest monthly ratio 108 49
------------------------- -------- ------------
Lowest monthly ratio 58 0
------------------------- -------- ------------
BOC PCL is currently not in compliance with the local regulatory liquidity requirements (which are expected to be abolished by the year-end) with respect to its operations in Cyprus and therefore is dependent on continuing regulatory forbearance, however the Group is currently in compliance with its regulatory liquidity requirements with respect to the LCR.
As at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd was in compliance with its regulatory liquidity requirements.
Sources of funding
During the six months ended 30 June 2017, the Group's main sources of funding were its deposit base and central bank funding, through the Eurosystem monetary policy operations.
ELA was fully repaid on 5 January 2017 (31 December 2016: EUR200 million).
The liquidity received from central banks is subject to the relevant regulations and requires qualifying assets as collateral.
The funding via Eurosystem monetary policy operations ranges from short term to long term.
As at 30 June 2017, ECB funding was at EUR900 million Of which, EUR30 million was from the weekly MRO, EUR40 million was from the-3 month LTRO and EUR830 million was from the 4-year TLTRO.
Funding to subsidiaries
The funding provided by BOC PCL to its subsidiaries for liquidity purposes is repayable as per the terms of the respective agreements. BOC PCL's subsidiary Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd cannot place funds with the Group in excess of maximum limits set by the local regulator.
Any new funding to subsidiaries requires approval from the ECB and the CBC.
The subsidiaries may proceed with dividend distributions in the form of cash to BOC PCL, provided that they are not in breach of their regulatory capital and liquidity requirements. Certain subsidiaries have a recommendation from their regulator to avoid any dividend distribution at this point in time.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
Collateral requirements
The carrying values of the Group's encumbered assets as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 are summarised below:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
Cash and other liquid assets 146,418 139,975
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
Investments 334,317 359,813
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
Loans and advances 2,363,698 2,853,511
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
Property 92,111 93,574
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
2,936,544 3,446,873
------------------------------ ========== ============
Cash is mainly used to cover collateral required for (i) derivatives and repurchase transactions and (ii) trade finance transactions and guarantees issued. It is also used as part of the supplementary assets for the covered bond.
Investments are mainly used as collateral for repurchase transactions with commercial banks as well as supplementary assets for the covered bond.
Loans and advances indicated as encumbered as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 are mainly used as collateral for funding from the CBC, the covered bond and the ECB.
As at 30 June 2017 no loans and advances to customers were pledged as collateral for ELA (31 December 2016: EUR787 million). Loans and advances to customers include mortgage loans of a nominal amount EUR998 million (31 December 2016: EUR1,002 million) in Cyprus, pledged as collateral for the covered bond issued by BOC PCL in 2011 under the Covered Bond Programme. Furthermore housing loans of a nominal amount EUR1,186 million (31 December 2016: EUR765 million) in Cyprus are pledged as collateral for the funding from the ECB (Note 20). At 30 June 2017 BOC PCL's subsidiary Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd has pledged EUR184 million (31 December 2016: EUR244 million) of loans and advances to customers with the Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) of the Bank of England. These are available for use as collateral for the subsidiary's participation in the scheme. As at 30 June 2017 the subsidiary had drawn down Treasury bills of EUR97 million (31 December 2016: EUR29 million) under the FLS. These Treasury bills are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as ownership remains with the Bank of England.
BOC PCL maintains a Covered Bond Programme set up under the Cyprus Covered Bonds legislation and the Covered Bonds Directive of the CBC.
Under the Covered Bond Programme, BOC PCL has in issue covered bonds of EUR650 million secured by residential mortgages originated in Cyprus. The covered bonds have a maturity date of 18 December 2018, bear interest of 3 months Euribor plus 3.25% on a quarterly basis and are traded on the Luxemburg Bourse. The covered bonds have a conditional Pass-Through structure. All the bonds are held by BOC PCL. The credit rating of the covered bonds was upgraded to an investment grade rating and the covered bond has become eligible collateral for the Eurosystem credit operations. As from 2 October 2015, it has been placed as collateral for accessing funding from the ECB.
Recent developments
The credit ratings of the Republic of Cyprus by the main credit rating agencies continue to be below investment grade. As a result, the ECB does not include Cyprus Government Bonds in its asset purchase programme, or as eligible collateral for Eurosystem monetary operations.
29. Risk management - Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
Recent developments (continued)
Following the full repayment of ELA on 5 January 2017, all ELA collateralised loans have been released, but ELA pledged properties remained pledged as of 30 June 2017. As at 14 July 2017, all ELA pledged properties have been released.
30. Capital management
The primary objective of the Group's capital management is to ensure compliance with the relevant regulatory capital requirements and to maintain strong credit ratings and healthy capital adequacy ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholder value.
The capital adequacy regulations which govern the Group's operations are established by the CBC/ECB.
The Group complies with the minimum capital requirements (Pillar I and Pillar II).
In addition, the Group's overseas banking subsidiaries comply with the regulatory capital requirements of the local regulators in the countries in which they operate. The insurance subsidiaries of the Group comply with the requirements of the Superintendent of Insurance including the minimum solvency ratio. The regulated investment firms of the Group comply with the regulatory capital requirements of the CySEC laws and regulations.
Additional information on regulatory capital is disclosed in the Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures (Unaudited) which are available on the Group's Website www.bankofcyprus.com (Investor Relations).
31. Related party transactions
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
------------------------------------- -------- ------------
EUR000 EUR000
------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Loans and advances:
------------------------------------- -------- ------------
- members of the Board of Directors
and other key management personnel 2,717 2,811
------------------------------------- -------- ------------
- connected persons 440 458
------------------------------------- -------- ------------
3,157 3,269
------------------------------------- ======== ============
Deposits:
------------------------------------- ------ ------
- members of the Board of Directors
and other key management personnel 2,522 2,981
------------------------------------- ------ ------
- connected persons 2,850 3,559
------------------------------------- ------ ------
5,372 6,540
------------------------------------- ====== ======
The above table does not include period/year-end balances i.e. 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 respectively, for members of the Board of Directors and their connected persons who resigned during the period/year.
31. Related party transactions (continued)
Interest income and expense from members of the Board of Directors and connected persons and other key management personnel and connected persons from loans and advances and deposits for the six months ended 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR43 thousand and EUR30 thousand respectively (corresponding period of 2016: EUR55 thousand and EUR38 thousand respectively). The interest income and expense are disclosed from the date of their appointment.
In addition to loans and advances, there were contingent liabilities and commitments in respect of members of the Board of Directors and their connected persons, mainly in the form of documentary credits, guarantees and commitments to lend amounting to EUR89 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR61 thousand). There were also contingent liabilities and commitments to other key management personnel and their connected persons amounting to EUR400 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR385 thousand).
The total unsecured amount of the loans and advances and contingent liabilities and commitments to members of the Board of Directors, key management personnel and other connected persons (using forced-sale values for tangible collaterals and assigning no value to other types of collaterals) at 30 June 2017 amounted to EUR652 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR635 thousand).
At 30 June 2017 the Group has a deposit of EUR90 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR4,614 thousand) with Piraeus Bank SA, in which Mr Arne Berggren is a non-executive Director. The Group has also provided certain indemnities to Piraeus Bank SA as part of the disposal of Kyprou Leasing SA in 2015.
At 31 December 2016 the Group had an investment in Invesco Euro Short Term Bond Fund, in which Mr Wilbur L. Ross Jr. was an executive Director. The fair value of the investment at 31 December 2016 amounted to EUR4,047 thousand. Mr Ross resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company on 1 March 2017.
During the six months ended 30 June 2017 premiums of EUR16 thousand and claims of EUR17 thousand were paid between the members of the Board of Directors of the Company and their connected persons and the insurance subsidiaries of the Group and commissions amounting to EUR4 thousand were received by the Group for the provision of investment services.
Additionally, during the six months ended 30 June 2017, BOC PCL has signed an agreement to rent property owned by connected persons to the director Mr Michalis Spanos covering the period from 1 June 2017 to 31 May 2027. The monthly rental expense amounts to EUR4 thousand commencing from June 2018.
There were no other transactions during the six months ended 30 June 2017 and 2016 with connected persons of the current members of the Board of Directors nor with any members who resigned during the period.
Connected persons include spouses, minor children and companies in which directors/other key management personnel hold, directly or indirectly, at least 20% of the voting shares in a general meeting, or act as executive director or exercise control of the entities in any way.
Additional to members of the Board of Directors, related parties include entities providing key management personnel services to the Group.
All transactions with members of the Board of Directors and their connected persons are made on normal business terms as for comparable transactions with customers of a similar credit standing. A number of loans and advances have been extended to other key management personnel and their connected persons on the same terms as those applicable to the rest of the Group's employees.
In the opinion of the Board of Directors, there have been no related party transactions or changes there in, since the year ended 31 December 2016, that have materially affected the Group's financial position or performance during the six months ended 30 June 2017.
31. Related party transactions (continued)
Fees and emoluments of members of the Board of Directors and other key management personnel
Six months ended
30 June
-------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2017 2016
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Director emoluments EUR000 EUR000
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Executives
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Salaries and other short term
benefits 1,075 934
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Employer's contributions 42 46
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Retirement benefit plan costs 94 84
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
1,211 1,064
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Non-executives
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Fees 428 410
--------------------------------
Total directors' emoluments 1,639 1,474
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Other key management personnel
emoluments
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Salaries and other short term
benefits 1,602 1,524
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Termination benefits - 397
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Employer's contributions 119 97
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Retirement benefit plan costs 100 82
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Total other key management
personnel emoluments 1,821 2,100
-------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------
Total 3,460 3,574
-------------------------------- ===============
The fees of the non-executive Directors include fees as members of the Board of Directors of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as of committees of the Board of Directors.
The termination benefits relate to compensation paid to members of the Executive Committee who left the Group under the voluntary exit plan.
The other key management personnel emoluments include the remuneration of the members of the Executive Committee since the date of their appointment to the Committee and other members of the management team who report directly to the Chief Executive Officer or to the Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer.
32. Group companies
The main subsidiary companies and branches included in the consolidated financial statements of the Group, their country of incorporation, their activities, and the percentage held by the Company (directly or indirectly) as at 30 June 2017 are:
Company Country Activities Percentage holding
(%)
Bank of Cyprus Holdings Public Limited Ireland Holding company N/A
Company
Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd Cyprus Commercial bank 100
The Cyprus Investment and Securities Investment banking,
Corporation Ltd (CISCO) Cyprus asset management and brokerage 100
General Insurance of Cyprus Ltd Cyprus General insurance 100
EuroLife Ltd Cyprus Life insurance 100
Kermia Ltd Cyprus Property trading and development 100
Kermia Properties & Investments Ltd Cyprus Property trading and development 100
Cytrustees Investment Public Company Ltd Cyprus Closed-end investment company 54
LCP Holdings and Investments Public Ltd Cyprus Holding company 67
JCC Payment Systems Ltd Cyprus Card processing transaction services 75
CLR Investment Fund Public Ltd Cyprus Investment company 20
Auction Yard Ltd Cyprus Auction company 100
BOC Secretarial Company Ltd Cyprus Secretarial services 100
Land development and operation of a
S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd Cyprus golf resort 70
Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd Greece Administration of guarantees and N/A
(branch of the Company) holding of real estate properties
Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd United Kingdom Commercial bank 100
Bank of Cyprus Financial Services Ltd
(formerly BOC Financial Services Ltd) United Kingdom Financial advisory services 100
Collection of the existing portfolio of
BOC Asset Management Romania S.A. receivables, including third party
(formerly Cyprus Leasing S.A.) Romania collections 100
MC Investment Assets Management LLC Russia Problem asset management company 100
Kyprou Finance (NL) B.V. Netherlands Financing services 100
Fortuna Astrum Ltd Serbia Problem asset management company 100
In addition to the above companies, at 30 June 2017 BOC PCL had 100% shareholding in the companies listed below whose activity is the ownership and management of immovable property:
32. Group companies (continued)
Cyprus: Timeland Properties Ltd, Cobhan Properties Ltd, Bramwell Properties Ltd, Birkdale Properties Ltd, Newington Properties Ltd, Innerwick Properties Ltd, Ramendi Properties Ltd, Ligisimo Properties Ltd, Polkima Properties Ltd, Nalmosa Properties Ltd, Smooland Properties Ltd, Emovera Properties Ltd, Estaga Properties Ltd, Skellom Properties Ltd, Blodar Properties Ltd, Spaceglowing Properties Ltd, Threefield Properties Ltd, Ecunaland Properties Ltd, Tebane Properties Ltd, Cranmer Properties Ltd, Vieman Ltd, Les Coraux Estates Ltd, Natakon Company Ltd, Oceania Ltd, Dominion Industries Ltd, Ledra Estate Ltd, Eurolife Properties Ltd, Laiki Lefkothea Center Ltd, Labancor Ltd, Steparco Ltd, Joberco Ltd, Zecomex Ltd, Domita Estates Ltd, Memdes Estates Ltd, Pamaco Platres Complex Ltd, Vameron Properties Ltd, Thryan Properties Ltd, Otoba Properties Ltd, Edoric Properties Ltd, Canosa Properties Ltd, Silen Properties Ltd, Kernland Properties Ltd, Unduma Properties Ltd, Kimrar Properties Ltd, Jobelis Properties Ltd, Pekiro Properties Ltd, Melsolia Properties Ltd, Nimoland Properties Ltd, Lozzaria Properties Ltd, Koralmon Properties Ltd, Petrassimo Properties Ltd, Kedonian Properties Ltd, Lasteno Properties Ltd, Armozio Properties Ltd, Spacous Properties Ltd, Calinora Properties Ltd, Marcozaco Properties Ltd, Soluto Properties Ltd, Solomaco Properties Ltd, Linaland Properties Ltd, Andaz Properties Ltd, Unital Properties Ltd, Neraland Properties Ltd, Canemia Properties Ltd, Wingstreet Properties Ltd, Nolory Properties Ltd, Lynoco Properties Ltd, Fitrus Properties Ltd, Lisbo Properties Ltd, Mantinec Properties Ltd, Syniga Properties Ltd, Colar Properties Ltd, Irisa Properties Ltd, Valiro Properties Ltd, Avolo Properties Ltd, Bracando Properties Ltd, Provezaco Properties Ltd, Hillbay Properties Ltd, Jungax Properties Ltd, Ofraco Properties Ltd, Forenaco Properties Ltd, Vidalaco Properties Ltd, Hovita Properties Ltd, Badrul Properties Ltd, Belaland Properties Ltd, Bothwick Properties Ltd, Fireford Properties Ltd, Citlali Properties Ltd, Endar Properties Ltd, Astromeria Properties Ltd, Orzo Properties Ltd, Basiga Properties Ltd, Regetona Properties Ltd, Arcandello Properties Ltd, Camela Properties Ltd, Nerofarm Properties Ltd, Subworld Properties Ltd, Jongeling Properties Ltd, Introserve Properties Ltd, Alomco Properties Ltd, Cereas Properties Ltd, Fareland Properties Ltd, Sindelaco Properties Ltd, Barosca Properties Ltd, Fogland Properties Ltd, Tebasco Properties Ltd, Dolapo Properties Ltd, Homirova Properties Ltd, Valecross Properties Ltd, Altco Properties Ltd, Forsban Properties Ltd, Marisaco
Properties Ltd, Olivero Properties Ltd, Cavadino Properties Ltd, Jaselo Properties Ltd, Elosa Properties Ltd, Garveno Properties Ltd, Flona Properties Ltd, Toreva Properties Ltd, Resoma Properties Ltd, Mostero Properties Ltd, Helal Properties Ltd, Yossi Properties Ltd, Gozala Properties Ltd, Pendalo Properties Ltd, Frontyard Properties Ltd, Bascot Properties Ltd, Bonsova Properties Ltd, Nasebia Properties Ltd, Vanemar Properties Ltd, Garmozy Properties Ltd, Orasmo Properties Ltd, Palmco Properties Ltd, Thermano Properties Ltd, Indene Properties Ltd, Ingane Properties Ltd, Venicous Properties Ltd, Lasmane Properties Ltd, Lorman Properties Ltd, Caruzoco Properties Ltd, Consoly Properties Ltd, Eracor Properties Ltd, Alomnia Properties Ltd, Rulemon Properties Ltd, Thelemic Properties Ltd, Maledico Properties Ltd, Dentorio Properties Ltd, Valioco Properties Ltd, Bascone Properties Ltd, Artozaco Properties Ltd, Elizano Properties Ltd, Letimo Properties Ltd (previously K. Athienitis Kalamon Ltd), Allodica Properties Ltd, Balasec Properties Ltd, Bendolio Properties Ltd, Carnota Properties Ltd, Desogus Properties Ltd, Diafor Properties Ltd, Fantasio Properties Ltd, Kartama Properties Ltd, Nelipo Properties Ltd, Paradexia Properties Ltd, Paramina Properties Ltd, Prosilia Properties Ltd, Nouralia Properties Ltd, Resocot Properties Ltd, Soblano Properties Ltd, Talamon Properties Ltd, Warmbaths Properties Ltd, Weinar Properties Ltd and Zemialand Properties Ltd.
32. Group companies (continued)
Romania: Otherland Properties Dorobanti SRL, Battersee Real Estate SRL, Trecoda Real Estate SRL, Green Hills Properties SRL, Bocaland Properties SRL, Commonland Properties SRL, Romaland Properties SRL, Blindingqueen Properties SRL, Fledgego Properties SRL, Hotel New Montana SRL, Loneland Properties SRL, Imoreth Properties SRL, Inroda Properties SRL, Melgred Properties SRL, Tantora Properties SRL, Zunimar Properties SRL, Allioma Properties SRL and Nikaba Properties SRL.
Further, at 30 June 2017 BOC PCL had 100% shareholding in Obafemi Holdings Ltd, Stamoland Properties Ltd, Gosman Properties Ltd and Unoplan Properties Ltd whose main activities are the holding of shares and other investments and the provision of services and they are registered in Cyprus.
At 30 June 2017 BOC PCL had 100% shareholding in the companies listed below which are reserved to accept property:
Cyprus: Belvesi Properties Ltd, Tavoni Properties Ltd, Demoro Properties Ltd, Primaco Properties Ltd, Amary Properties Ltd, Hamura Properties Ltd, Gileco Properties Ltd, Meriaco Properties Ltd, Venetolio Properties Ltd, Flymoon Properties Ltd, Senadaco Properties Ltd, Intelamon Properties Ltd, Holstone Properties Ltd, Mazima Properties Ltd, Lancast Properties Ltd, Alepar Properties Ltd, Jomento Properties Ltd, Rosalica Properties Ltd, Zandexo Properties Ltd, Calandomo Properties Ltd, Cramonco Properties Ltd, Bigwaive Properties Ltd, Tasabo Properties Ltd, Coeval Properties Ltd, Asianco Properties Ltd, Barway Properties Ltd, Fastflow Properties Ltd, Kenelyne Properties Ltd, Monata Properties Ltd, Pariza Properties Ltd, Riveland Properties Ltd, Secretsky Properties Ltd, Valecast Properties Ltd, Nigora Properties Ltd, Legamon Properties Ltd, Comenal Properties Ltd, Nivoco Properties Ltd, Devoco Properties Ltd, Harimo Properties Ltd, Finacap Properties Ltd, Teresan Properties Ltd and Ganina Properties Ltd.
Romania: Selilar Properties SRL.
In addition, BOC PCL holds 100% of the following intermediate holding companies:
Cyprus: Otherland Properties Ltd, Pittsburg Properties Ltd, Battersee Properties Ltd, Trecoda Properties Ltd, Bonayia Properties Ltd, Bocaland Properties Ltd, Buchuland Properties Ltd, Commonland Properties Ltd, Romaland Properties Ltd, BC Romanoland Properties Ltd, Blindingqueen Properties Ltd, Fledgego Properties Ltd, Janoland Properties Ltd, Threerich Properties Ltd, Loneland Properties Ltd, Unknownplan Properties Ltd, Frozenport Properties Ltd, Imoreth Properties Ltd, Inroda Properties Ltd, Melgred Properties Ltd, Tantora Properties Ltd, Zunimar Properties Ltd, Selilar Properties Ltd, Mirodi Properties Ltd, Nallora Properties Ltd, Nikaba Properties Ltd, Allioma Properties Ltd, Landanafield Properties Ltd and Hydrobius Properties Ltd.
The Group also holds 100% of the following companies which are inactive:
Cyprus: Laiki Bank (Nominees) Ltd, Fairford Properties Ltd, Thames Properties Ltd, Paneuropean Ltd, Philiki Ltd, Cyprialife Ltd, Imperial Life Assurance Ltd, Philiki Management Services Ltd, Nelcon Transport Co. Ltd, Ilera Properties Ltd, Weinco Properties Ltd, Calomland Properties Ltd, Lameland Properties Ltd, BOC Asset Management Ltd, Renalandia Properties Ltd, Sylvesta Properties Ltd, Crolandia Properties Ltd, Iperi Properties Ltd and Finerose Properties Ltd.
Greece: Kyprou Zois (branch of EuroLife Ltd), Kyprou Asfalistiki (branch of General Insurance of Cyprus Ltd), Kyprou Commercial SA and Kyprou Properties SA.
All Group companies are accounted for as subsidiaries using the full consolidation method.
Control over CLR Investment Fund Public Ltd (CLR) without substantial shareholding
The Group considers that it exercises control over CLR through control of the members of the Board of Directors and is exposed to variable returns through its holding.
32. Group companies (continued)
Dissolution and disposal of subsidiaries
As at 30 June 2017, the following subsidiaries were in the process of dissolution or in the process of being struck off: Samarinda Navigation Co Ltd, Kyprou Securities SA, BOC Ventures Ltd, Salecom Ltd, Diners Club (Cyprus) Ltd, Leasing Finance LLC, Corner LLC, Omiks Finance LLC, Unknownplan Properties SRL, Bank of Cyprus (Channel Islands) Ltd, Buchuland Properties SRL, Frozenport Properties SRL, Janoland Properties SRL, Mirodi Properties SRL, Nallora Properties SRL and Pittsburg Properties SRL.
In accordance with the Group's strategy to exit from overseas non-core operations, the operations of the Bank of Cyprus branch in Romania are expected to be terminated during 2017. The remaining assets and liabilities of the branch are in the process to be transferred to other entities of the Group.
Longtail Properties Ltd and Tefkros Investments Ltd were dissolved during the six months ended 30 June 2017. Moonland Properties Ltd, Lepidoland Properties Ltd, Danoma Properties Ltd, Metin Properties Ltd, Jemina Properties Ltd, Flitous Properties Ltd, Belzeco Properties Ltd, Landeed Properties Ltd, Nabela Properties Ltd, Singleserve Properties Ltd, Consento Properties Ltd, Molla Properties Ltd, Lezanco Properties Ltd, Balisimo Properties Ltd and Tezia Properties Ltd were disposed of during the six months ended 30 June 2017 as part of BOC PCL's strategy to dispose of repossessed properties.
33. Acquisitions and disposals 33.1 Acquisitions and disposals during the six months ended 30 June 2017
There were no acquisitions or disposals during the six months ended 30 June 2017.
33.2 Acquisition during the six months ended 30 June 2016 33.2.1 Acquisition of S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd
In the context of its loan restructuring activities, the Group acquired on 15 June 2016 a 70% interest in the share capital of S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd in exchange for the settlement of borrowings due from it of a total gross amount of EUR52,335 thousand. S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd operates in land development and the operation of a golf resort in Cyprus. The fair value of the consideration for the acquisition of the 70% share in S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd amounts to EUR43,758 thousand. The acquisition did not include any cash consideration. The Group considers that it controls S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd.
The non-controlling interest is measured at the proportionate share of the identifiable net assets acquired.
The fair value of assets and liabilities of S.Z. Eliades Leisure Ltd at the date of acquisition are presented below:
EUR000
Assets
Property and equipment 20,308
Stock of property 48,632
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets 580
69,520
Liabilities
Deferred tax liability 3,807
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities 3,202
7,009
Net identifiable assets acquired 62,511
Less non-controlling interest (18,753)
Net assets acquired 43,758
No cash and cash equivalents were acquired.
33. Acquisitions and disposals (continued) 33.3 Disposal during the six months ended 30 June 2016 33.3.1 Disposal of Kermia Hotels Ltd and adjacent land
In June 2016, the Group completed the sale of 100% of its subsidiary Kermia Hotels Ltd and adjacent land which was classified as a disposal group held for sale as at 31 December 2015.
The carrying value of assets and liabilities disposed of as at the date of their disposal are presented below:
EUR000
-------
Assets
-------
Property and equipment 27,130
-------
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets 678
-------
Cash and cash equivalent 1,132
28,940
Liabilities
-------
Deferred tax liability 3,677
-------
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities 1,308
4,985
Total net assets sold 23,955
=======
The cash consideration received amounts to EUR26,500 thousand and the disposal resulted in a gain of EUR2,545 thousand.
34. Investments in associates and joint ventures
Carrying value of the investments in associates and joint ventures
Percentage holding 30 June 31 December 2016
2017
(%) EUR000 EUR000
--------
CNP Cyprus Insurance Holdings Ltd 49.90 111,689 107,172
--------
Interfund Investments Plc 23.12 2,304 2,167
--------
Aris Capital Management LLC 30.00 - -
--------
Rosequeens Properties Limited 33.33 - -
--------
Rosequeens Properties SRL 33.33 - -
--------
Tsiros (Agios Tychon) Ltd 50.00 - -
--------
M.S. (Skyra) Vassas Ltd 15.00 - -
--------
D.J. Karapatakis & Sons Limited 7.50 - -
--------
Rodhagate Entertainment Ltd 7.50 - -
--------
Fairways Automotive Holdings Ltd 45.00 - -
--------
113,993 109,339
========
34. Investments in associates and joint ventures (continued)
Investments in associates
The carrying value of Rosequeens Properties Limited, Rosequeens Properties SRL, Aris Capital Management LLC, M.S (Skyra) Vassas Ltd, D.J. Karapatakis & Sons Ltd, Rodhagate Entertainment Ltd and Fairways Automotive Holdings Ltd is restricted to zero.
M.S. (Skyra) Vassas Ltd
n the context of its loan restructuring activities, the Group acquired 15.00% interest in the share capital of M.S. Skyra Vassas Ltd. M.S. (Skyra) Vassas Ltd is the parent company of a group of companies (Skyra Vassas group) with operations in the production, processing and distribution of aggregates (crushed stone and sand) and provision of other construction materials, and services based on core products such as ready-mix concrete, asphalt and packing of aggregates. The Group considers that it exercises significant influence over the Skyra Vassas group as the Group has the power to have representation to the Board of Directors and to vote for matters relating to the relevant activities of the business. The investment is considered to be fully impaired and its value is restricted to zero.
D.J. Karapatakis & Sons Limited and Rodhagate Entertainment Ltd
n the context of its loan restructuring activities, the Group acquired a 7.50% interest in the share capital of D.J. Karapatakis & Sons Limited and Rodhagate Entertainment Ltd, operating in leisure, tourism, film and entertainment industries in Cyprus. The Group considers that it exercises significant influence over the two companies as the Group has the power to have representation to the Board of Directors and to vote for matters relating to the relevant activities of the businesses. The investments are considered to be fully impaired and their value is restricted to zero.
Investment in joint ventures
Tsiros (Agios Tychon) Ltd
The Group holds a 50% shareholding in Tsiros (Agios Tychon) Ltd. The shareholder agreement with the other shareholder of Tsiros (Agios Tychon) Ltd stipulates a number of matters which require consent by both shareholders, therefore the Group considers that it jointly controls the company. The carrying value of Tsiros (Ayios Tychon) Ltd is restricted to zero.
35. Capital commitments
Capital commitments for the acquisition of property, equipment and intangible assets as at 30 June 2017 amount to EUR12,533 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR14,830 thousand).
Independent review report to the Bank of Cyprus Holdings plc
Introduction
We have been engaged by the Bank of Cyprus Holdings plc (the "Company" or the "Group") to review interim condensed consolidated financial statements in the mid-year financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2017 which comprises the interim consolidated income statement, the interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the interim consolidated balance sheet, the interim consolidated statement of changes in equity, the interim consolidated statement of cash flows and the related Notes 1 to 35. We have read the other information contained in the half yearly financial report and considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the information in the condensed set of financial statements.
This report is made solely to the Company in accordance with guidance contained in International Standard on Review Engagements 2410 (UK and Ireland) "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" issued by the Auditing Practices Board. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company, for our work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have formed.
Directors' Responsibilities
The mid-year financial report is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors. The directors are responsible for preparing the mid-year financial report in accordance with the Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 and the Transparency Rules of the Central Bank of Ireland.
As disclosed in note 3.3, the annual financial statements of the Group are prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union. The condensed set of financial statements included in this mid-year financial report has been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting", as adopted by the European Union.
Our Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express to the Company a conclusion on the condensed set of financial statements in the mid-year financial report based on our review.
Scope of Review
We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410, "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A review of interim financial information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
Conclusion
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the condensed set of financial statements in the mid-year financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2017 are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 as adopted by the European Union and the Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 and the Transparency Rules of the Central Bank of Ireland.
Emphasis of Matter
We draw your attention to Note 4 'Going concern' which discusses management's assessment as to the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern and the fact that the Company has acquired the full shareholding of Bank of Cyprus Public Company Limited during the period. Bank of Cyprus Public Company Limited has not consistently maintained compliance with its regulatory liquidity requirements, which indicates the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Our conclusion is not qualified in respect of this matter.
Eoin MacManus
for and on behalf of Ernst & Young
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm
28 August 2017
30 June
Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures, including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures 2017
Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures,
including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures (Unaudited)
This report includes additional risk and capital management disclosures.
In addition, this report includes information prepared in accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and amended Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV). The disclosures have been prepared in accordance with the European Banking Authority (EBA) Guidelines on materiality, proprietary and confidentiality and on disclosure frequency under Articles 432(1), 432(2) and 433 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (EBA/2014/14) and EBA Guidelines on disclosure requirements under Part Eight of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. These disclosures include all those that were early adopted as at 31 December 2016, where they are required to be disclosed on a semi-annual basis.
1. Credit risk
The Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) issued to credit institutions the Loan Impairment and Provisioning Procedures Directives of 2014 and 2015 (Directive), which provides guidance to banks for loan impairment policy and procedures for provisions. The purpose of this Directive is to ensure that credit institutions have in place adequate provisioning policies and procedures for the identification of credit losses and prudent application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in the preparation of their financial statements. The Directive requires certain disclosures in relation to the loan portfolio quality, provisioning policy and levels of provision. The disclosures required by the Directive, in addition to those presented in Notes 3 and 27 of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended 30 June 2017 are set out in the following tables. The tables disclose Non-Performing Exposures (NPEs) based on the definitions of EBA standards.
According to the EBA standards, NPEs are defined as those exposures that satisfy one of the following conditions:
(i) The debtor is assessed as unlikely to pay its credit obligations in full without the realisation of the collateral, regardless of the existence of any past due amount or of the number of days past due.
(ii) Defaulted or impaired exposures as per the approach provided in the CRR (Article 178). (iii) Material exposures (as defined below) which are more than 90 days past due.
(iv) Performing forborne exposures under probation for which additional forbearance measures are extended.
(v) Performing forborne exposures under probation that present more than 30 days past due within the probation period.
Exposures include all on and off balance sheet exposures, except those held for trading, and are categorised as such for their entire amount without taking into account the existence of collateral.
The following materiality criteria are applied:
-- When the problematic exposures of a customer that fulfil the NPE criteria set out above are greater than 20% of the gross carrying amount of all on balance sheet exposures of that customer, then the total customer exposure is classified as non-performing; otherwise only the problematic part of the exposure is classified as non-performing.
-- Material arrears/excesses are defined as follows: - Retail exposures:
- Loans: Arrears amount greater than EUR500 or number of instalments in arrears is greater than one.
- Overdrafts: Excess amount is greater than EUR500 or greater than 10% of the approved limit.
- Exposures other than retail: Total customer arrears/excesses are greater than EUR1,000 or greater than 10% of the total customer funded balances.
NPEs may cease to be considered as non-performing only when all of the following conditions are met:
(i) The extension of forbearance measures does not lead to the recognition of impairment or default.
(ii) One year has passed since the forbearance measures were extended.
(iii) Following the forbearance measures and according to the post-forbearance conditions, there is no past due amount or concerns regarding the full repayment of the exposure.
Additional Risk and Capital Management Disclosures,
including Pillar 3 semi-annual disclosures (Unaudited)
1. Credit risk (continued)
The tables below present the analysis of loans and advances to customers in accordance with the EBA standards.
Gross loans and advances to customers Provision for impairment and fair value adjustment
on initial recognition
30 June 2017 Group Of which Of which exposures with Total Of which Of which exposures with
gross NPEs forbearance measures provision NPEs forbearance measures
customer for
loans and impairment
advances and fair
value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
Total Of which on Total Of which on
exposures NPEs exposures NPEs
with with
forbearance forbearance
measures measures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
General
governments 102,363 3,869 4,451 3,605 2,818 2,005 2,021 1,940
Other financial
corporations 440,042 330,703 230,988 203,541 189,600 187,131 108,827 107,776
Non-financial
corporations 11,177,341 5,793,650 4,612,497 3,079,130 2,998,982 2,887,871 1,315,151 1,264,209
Of which: Small
and Medium
sized
Enterprises
(SMEs) 8,637,533 5,067,663 3,583,370 2,577,593 2,615,572 2,533,852 1,092,176 1,054,448
Of which:
Commercial
real estate(2) 8,531,363 4,596,972 3,984,733 2,580,276 2,291,355 2,195,816 1,097,869 1,051,583
Non-financial
corporations by
sector
Construction 2,567,636 1,869,983 998,461
Wholesale and
retail trade 2,070,455 992,179 520,293
Accommodation
and food
service
activities 1,438,162 540,202 262,357
Real estate
activities 2,848,665 1,173,284 582,690
Manufacturing 673,706 366,388 179,169
Other sectors 1,578,717 851,614 456,012
Households 7,784,863 3,623,759 2,695,789 1,856,286 1,400,369 1,335,066 483,789 466,911
Of which:
Residential
mortgage
loans(2) 5,319,933 2,498,826 2,082,457 1,414,892 750,055 701,467 296,432 284,238
Of which:
Credit for
consumption(2) 1,025,488 535,017 301,052 231,958 282,436 272,979 82,250 78,905
Total
on-balance
sheet 19,504,609 9,751,981 7,543,725 5,142,562 4,591,769 4,412,073 1,909,788 1,840,836
Note: The above table includes loans and advances classified as held for sale (Note 19 of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended 30 June 2017).
1. Credit risk (continued)
Gross loans and advances to customers Provision for impairment and fair value adjustment
on initial recognition
Group gross Of which Of which exposures with Total Of which Of which exposures with
customer NPEs forbearance measures provision NPEs forbearance measures
loans and for
advances(1) impairment
and fair
value
adjustment
on initial
recognition
Total Of which Total Of which on
exposures on NPEs exposures NPEs
with with
forbearance forbearance
measures measures
31 December
2016 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
General
governments 103,626 4,241 4,978 4,073 2,685 1,615 1,861 1,555
Other financial
corporations 487,262 372,797 234,505 203,512 220,013 216,926 119,703 119,701
Non-financial
corporations 11,590,608 6,818,489 5,052,743 3,738,859 3,020,161 2,932,686 1,211,059 1,178,127
Of which: Small
and Medium
sized
Enterprises(2) 9,398,025 6,116,979 4,306,269 3,294,185 2,642,367 2,564,855 1,030,218 998,465
Of which:
Commercial
real estate(2) 8,951,533 5,535,377 4,413,488 3,252,816 2,240,852 2,168,019 1,004,617 974,143
Non-financial
corporations by
sector
Construction 2,921,229 2,242,250 1,009,104
Wholesale and
retail trade 2,060,864 1,060,451 445,368
Accommodation
and food
service
activities 1,334,040 705,634 262,566
Real estate
activities 2,900,224 1,438,774 664,801
Manufacturing 682,641 394,884 165,308 Other sectors 1,691,610 976,496 473,014 Households 7,948,599 3,838,722 2,803,740 1,942,888 1,237,835 1,168,475 334,936 317,645 Of which: Residential mortgage loans(2) 5,413,446 2,601,852 2,166,098 1,469,563 603,504 551,690 192,535 179,947 Of which: Credit for consumption(2) 1,062,416 589,843 312,853 242,723 292,588 283,181 65,865 62,917 Total on-balance sheet 20,130,095 11,034,249 8,095,966 5,889,332 4,480,694 4,319,702 1,667,559 1,617,028
_________________________
[1] Excluding loans and advances to central banks and credit institutions.
2 The analysis shown in lines 'non-financial corporations' and 'households' is non-additive across categories as certain customers could be in both categories.
2. Liquidity risk and funding 2.1 Encumbered and unencumbered assets
Asset encumbrance arises from collateral pledged against secured funding and other collateralised obligations.
An asset is classified as encumbered if it has been pledged as collateral against secured funding and other collateralised obligations and, as a result, is no longer available to the Group for further collateral or liquidity requirements. The total encumbered assets of the Group amounted to EUR2,936,544 thousand as at 30 June 2017 (31 December 2016: EUR3,446,873 thousand).
An asset is classified as unencumbered if it has not been pledged as collateral against secured funding and other collateralised obligations. Unencumbered assets are further analysed into those that are available and can be pledged and those that are not readily available to be pledged. As at 30 June 2017, the Group held EUR13,776,544 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR12,608,521 thousand) of unencumbered assets that can be pledged and can be used to support potential liquidity funding needs and EUR3,937,645 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR4,595,181 thousand) of unencumbered assets that are not readily available to be pledged for funding requirements in their current form.
As at 30 June 2017 no loans and advances to customers were pledged as collateral for Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) (31 December 2016: EUR787 million). Loans and advances to customers include mortgage loans of a nominal amount EUR998 million (31 December 2016: EUR1,002 million) in Cyprus, pledged as collateral for the covered bond issued by Bank of Cyprus Public Company Ltd (BOC PCL) in 2011 under the Covered Bond Programme. Furthermore housing loans of a nominal amount EUR1,186 million (31 December 2016: EUR765 million) in Cyprus are pledged as collateral for the funding from the ECB (Note 20 of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended 30 June 2017). At 30 June 2017 BOC PCL's subsidiary Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd has pledged EUR184 million (31 December 2016: EUR244 million) of loans and advances to customers with the Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) of the Bank of England. These are available for use as collateral for the subsidiary's participation in the scheme. As at 30 June 2017 the subsidiary had drawn down Treasury bills of EUR97 million (31 December 2016: EUR29 million) under the FLS. These Treasury bills are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as ownership remains with the Bank of England.
The table below presents an analysis of the Group's encumbered and unencumbered assets and the extent to which these assets are currently pledged for funding or other purposes. The carrying amount of such assets is disclosed below.
Encumbered Unencumbered Total
30 June 2017 Pledged as collateral which can be pledged which are not readily
available to be pledged
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Cash and bank placements 146,418 2,565,769 313,023 3,025,210
Investments 334,317 564,448 19,058 917,823
Loans and advances to
customers 2,363,698 9,049,189 3,479,774 14,892,661
Non-current assets held for
sale - 11,044 20,517 31,561
Property 92,111 1,586,094 105,273 1,783,478
Total on-balance sheet 2,936,544 13,776,544 3,937,645 20,650,733
31 December 2016
Cash and bank placements 139,975 2,092,643 361,615 2,594,233
Investments 359,813 298,419 15,412 673,644
Loans and advances to customers 2,853,511 8,659,324 4,136,566 15,649,401
Non-current assets and disposal group classified as held for sale - 11,065 346 11,411
Property 93,574 1,547,070 81,242 1,721,886
Total on-balance sheet 3,446,873 12,608,521 4,595,181 20,650,575
2. Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
2.1 Encumbered and unencumbered assets (continued)
Encumbered assets primarily consist of loans and advances to customers and investments in debt securities and property. These are mainly pledged for the funding facilities under the Eurosystem monetary policy operations and the ELA of the CBC (Note 20 of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2017) and for the covered bond. In the case of ELA, as collateral is not usually released upon repayment of the funding, there may be an inherent buffer which could be utilised for further funding if required. Investments are mainly used as collateral for repurchase transactions with commercial banks as well as supplementary assets for the covered bond (Note 29 of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2017). Encumbered assets include cash and other liquid assets placed with banks as collateral under ISDA/GMRA agreements which are not immediately available for use by the Group but are released once the transactions are terminated. Cash is mainly used to cover collateral required for (i) derivatives and repurchase transactions and (ii) trade finance transactions and guarantees issued. It is also used as part of the supplementary assets for the covered bond.
Under the Covered Bond Programme, BOC PCL has in issue covered bonds of EUR650 million secured by residential mortgages originated in Cyprus. The covered bonds have a maturity date of 18 December 2018, bear interest of 3 months Euribor plus 3.25% on a quarterly basis and are traded on the Luxemburg Bourse. The covered bonds have a conditional Pass-Through structure. All the bonds are held by BOC PCL. The credit rating of the covered bonds was upgraded to an investment grade rating and the covered bond has become eligible collateral for the Eurosystem credit operations. As from 2 October 2015, it has been placed as collateral for accessing funding from the ECB.
The credit ratings of the Republic of Cyprus by the main credit rating agencies continue to be below investment grade. As a result, the ECB does not include Cyprus Government Bonds in its asset purchase programme, or as eligible collateral for Eurosystem monetary operations.
Following the full repayment of ELA on 5 January 2017, all ELA collateralised loans have been released, but ELA pledged properties remained pledged as of 30 June 2017. As at 14 July 2017, all ELA pledged properties have been released.
Unencumbered assets that are available and can be pledged include Cyprus loans and advances which are less than 90 days past due as well as loans of overseas subsidiaries and branches which are not pledged. Customer loans of overseas subsidiaries and branches cannot be pledged with the CBC as collateral for ELA. Moreover, for some of the overseas subsidiaries and branches, these assets are only available to be pledged for other purposes for the needs of the particular subsidiary/branch and not to provide liquidity to any other entity of the Group. Balances with central banks are reported as unencumbered and can be pledged, to the extent that there is excess available over the minimum reserve requirement. The minimum reserve requirement is reported as unencumbered since it is not readily available as collateral.
Unencumbered assets that are not readily available to be pledged primarily consist of loans and advances which are prohibited by contract or law to be encumbered or which are over 90 days past due or for which there are pending litigations or other legal actions against the customer, a proportion of which would be suitable for use in secured funding structures but are conservatively classified as not readily available for collateral. Properties whose legal title has not been transferred in the name of the Company or the subsidiary are not considered to be readily available as collateral.
Insurance assets held by Group insurance subsidiaries are not included in the table below as they are primarily due to the insurance policyholders.
2. Liquidity risk and funding (continued) 2.1 Encumbered and unencumbered assets (continued)
The carrying and fair value of the encumbered and unencumbered investments of the Group as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 are as follows:
Carrying value of Fair value of Carrying value of Fair value of
encumbered investments encumbered investments unencumbered unencumbered
investments investments
30 June 2017 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Equity securities 1,698 1,698 53,405 53,405
Debt securities 332,619 332,619 530,101 534,524
Total investments 334,317 334,317 583,506 587,929
31 December 2016
Equity securities 1,562 1,562 52,514 52,514
Debt securities 358,251 358,454 261,317 262,491
Total investments 359,813 360,016 313,831 315,005
2.2 Liquidity regulation
In addition to the liquidity ratios applicable at each banking location that the Group operates, it has to comply with the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (EU) 2015/61 (LCR). It also monitors its position against the Basel Quantitative Impact Study (QIS) Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). The LCR is designed to promote short-term resilience of a Group's liquidity risk profile by ensuring that it has sufficient high quality liquid resources to survive an acute stress scenario lasting for 30 days. The NSFR has been developed to promote a sustainable maturity structure of assets and liabilities.
The CRR requires phased-in compliance with the LCR standard as from 1 October 2015 with an initial minimum ratio of 60%, increasing to 70% in 2016, 80% in 2017 and 100% as from January 2018. Starting from January 2016, the LCR is calculated monthly based on the final published Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61. The Delegated Regulation was enacted in September 2016 and the LCR is calculated under this Regulation.
In October 2014, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published a final standard for the NSFR with the minimum requirement to be introduced in January 2018 at 100%. The methodology for calculating the NSFR is based on an interpretation of the Basel standards published in October 2014 and includes a number of assumptions which are subject to change prior to adoption by the European Commission through the CRR.
As at 30 June 2017 the Group is in compliance with its regulatory liquidity requirements with respect to the LCR. On the basis of Regulation (EU) 2015/61 the Group's LCR as at 30 June 2017 was 108% (31 December 2016: 49%); on the basis of Basel QIS standards the Group's NSFR was 102% (31 December 2016: 95%). Following the full repayment of ELA funding on 5 January 2017, the Group is concentrating its efforts to comply with its regulatory liquidity ratios.
Furthermore, BOC PCL and Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd must comply with their local regulatory liquidity ratios. The minimum regulatory liquidity ratios for the operations in Cyprus are set by the CBC. As at 30 June 2017 BOC PCL was not in compliance with the local regulatory liquidity requirements.
2. Liquidity risk and funding (continued)
2.3 Liquidity reserves
Composition of the 30 June 2017 31 December 2016
liquidity reserves
Liquidity reserves Liquidity reserves of Liquidity reserves Liquidity reserves of
which Delegated Reg. which Delegated Reg.
(EU) 2015/61 LCR (EU) 2015/61 LCR
eligible Level 1 eligible Level 1
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Cash and balances with
central banks 2,297,259 1,975,988 1,505,120 1,146,015
Nostro and overnight
placements with banks 403,212 - 423,603 -
Other placements with
banks 51,756 - 376,145 -
Liquid investments 563,917 517,454 154,787 256,325
Available ECB Buffer 8,792 - 124,998 -
Other investments 7,437 - 6,340 -
Total 3,332,373 2,493,442 2,590,993 1,402,340
Investments under Liquidity Reserve are shown at market value net of haircut (as prescribed by regulators) in order to reflect the actual liquidity value that can be obtained. The Liquidity Reserves exclude Local Law Government of Cyprus Issues. Liquid investments include off balance sheet Bank of England Treasury Bills acquired by Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd through the encumbrance of customer loans with the Bank of England. Under LCR Liquidity Reserves, all Cyprus Government Bonds remain eligible for inclusion as Level 1 assets given that they are issued by a Member State. LCR does not require liquid assets to be eligible as collateral for central bank operations and are included at market value.
The Liquidity Reserves are managed by Group Treasury.
ELA was fully repaid on 5 January 2017. ELA is available to solvent Euro area credit institutions and although BOC PCL has received no specific assurance, management expects that BOC PCL will continue to have access to the central bank liquidity facilities, in line with applicable rules if it were to face a 'stress event' that gave rise to temporary liquidity problems. If a stress event were to occur in the future, BOC PCL would seek to utilise ELA funding, assuming it has sufficient available eligible collateral at the time.
Following the full repayment of ELA on 5 January 2017, all ELA collateralised loans have been released, but ELA pledged properties remained pledged as of 30 June 2017. As at 14 July 2017, all ELA pledged properties have been released.
As at 30 June 2017, ECB funding was at EUR900 million, of which EUR30 million was from the weekly MRO, EUR40 million was from the 3-month LTRO and EUR830 million was from the 4-year TLTRO II.
In December 2016, BOC PCL borrowed an amount of EUR600 million through the new series of TLTRO (TLTRO II) announced by the ECB in March 2016 and an amount of EUR50 million through the LTRO. In March 2017, the EUR50 million borrowed through the LTRO matured and EUR40 million was re-borrowed. Moreover, in March 2017, BOC PCL raised an additional EUR230 million funding from ECB, through TLTRO II, using as collateral a pool of housing loans that satisfy the criteria of the Additional Credit Claims as set out in accordance with the Implementation of the Eurosystem Monetary Policy Framework Directives of 2015 and 2016. In April 2017, an additional EUR40 million was borrowed through the MRO and in May 2017 EUR10 million of the MRO was repaid.
2. Liquidity risk and funding (continued) 2.3 Liquidity reserves (continued)
In January 2017, BOC PCL issued a EUR250 million unsecured and subordinated Tier 2 Capital Note (Note) under BOC PCL's EMTN Programme. The Note was priced at par with a coupon of 9.25%. The Note matures on 19 January 2027. BOC PCL has the option to redeem the Note early on 19 January 2022, subject to applicable regulatory consents.
3. Minimum Required Own Funds for Credit, Market and Operational Risk
Group's approach to assessing the adequacy of its internal capital
The Group's capital projections are developed with the objective of maintaining capital that is adequate in quantity and quality to support the Group's risk profile, regulatory and business needs.
The Group's capital projections are frequently monitored against relevant internal target capital ratios to ensure they remain appropriate and consider risks to the plan, including possible future regulatory changes.
The overall key pillars, aiming to return the Group to profitability and delivering value to shareholders, whilst maintaining sufficient capital throughout are as follows:
-- Materially reduce the level of delinquent loans -- Further improve the funding structure and liquidity ratios -- Maintain an appropriate capital position by internally generating capital -- Focus on the core Cyprus market and on the UK operations -- Achieve a lean operating model -- Deliver value to shareholders and other stakeholders
Overview of RWA
RWA Minimum capital requirements
30 June 31 March 30 June 2017
2017 2017
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
1 Credit risk (excluding counterparty credit risk (CCR)) 14,581,725 15,720,644 1,166,538
2 Of which the standardised approach 14,581,725 15,720,644 1,166,538
6 CCR 50,151 50,688 4,012
7 Of which mark to market 24,763 25,188 1,981
11 Of which risk exposure amount for contributions to the - - -
default fund of a Central Counterparty
(CCP)
12 Of which Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) 25,388 25,500 2,031
13 Settlement Risk - - -
19 Market risk 5,061 6,424 405
20 Of which the standardised approach 5,061 6,424 405
22 Large Exposures - - -
23 Operational risk 1,888,975 1,888,975 151,118
25 Of which standardised approach 1,888,975 1,888,975 151,118
27 Amounts below the thresholds for deduction (subject to 250% 842,465 1,013,858 67,397
risk weight)
29 Total 17,368,377 18,680,589 1,389,470
The rows not applicable to the Group are not presented in the table above.
3. Minimum Required Own Funds for Credit, Market and Operational Risk (continued)
Overview of RWA (continued)
The main changes in RWAs are observed in line 2 which mainly derives from the redistribution of the exposures to lower risk exposure classes. Particularly (a) a significant decrease in balance sheet amounts in the higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) due to repayments and increase in provisioning (b) a movement of exposure amounts from higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) towards lower risk categories (Corporates, Retail, Secured by mortgages on immovable properties, and Other items) due to customer loan restructurings, new customer loans and debt-for-property and debt-for-equity swaps deleveraging actions, and (c) a significant increase in balance sheet amounts to exposures with central governments or central banks which carry 0% risk weight.
3.1 Credit Risk
The Standardised Approach has been applied to calculate the minimum capital requirement in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 92 of the CRR:
Exposure Portfolio 30 June 2017 31 December 2016
EUR000 EUR000
Central governments or central banks - -
Regional governments or local authorities 111 50
Public sector entities - -
Multilateral development banks - -
International organisations - -
Institutions 18,986 27,392
Corporates 274,901 275,992
Retail 113,306 113,800
Secured by mortgages on immovable property 124,545 129,272
Exposures in default 268,574 325,800
Items associated with particular high risk 215,853 245,739
Covered bonds 315 93
Claims on institutions and corporates with a short-term credit assessment - -
Collective investments undertakings (CIU) 4 3
Equity 25,639 26,635
Other items 193,683 201,812
Total Capital Requirement for Credit Risk 1,235,917 1,346,588
A material decrease in credit risk capital requirements is observed between the two periods due to (a) a significant decrease in balance sheet amounts in the higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) due to repayments and intense provisioning and (b) a movement of exposure amounts from higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) towards lower risk categories (Corporates, Retail, Secured by mortgages on immovable properties, and Other items) due to customer loan restructurings, new customer loans and debt-for-property and debt-for-equity swaps deleveraging actions.
3. Minimum Required Own Funds for Credit, Market and Operational Risk (continued) 3.2 Market risk under the standardised approach
The minimum capital requirement calculated under the standardised approach in accordance with Title IV: Own funds requirements for Market Risk of the CRR is as follows:
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
RWAs Capital requirements RWAs Capital requirements
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Outright products
1 Interest rate risk (general and specific) - - - -
2 Equity risk (general and specific) 3,877 310 3,847 308
3 Foreign exchange risk - - - -
4 Commodity risk - - - -
Options
5 Simplified approach - - - -
6 Delta-plus method - - - -
7 Scenario approach - - - -
8 Securitisation (specific risk) - - - -
9 Total 3,877 310 3,847 308
The table above does not include the minimum capital requirement for Collective Investment Undertaking (CIUs) of EUR95 thousand (RWA: EUR1,184 thousand) (31 December 2016: CIUs of EUR190 thousand and RWA: EUR2,384 thousand).
There is no own funds requirement for the foreign exchange risk, since the materiality threshold set by Article 351 of the CRR is not met.
3.3 Operational Risk
The Group uses the Standardised Approach for the operational risk capital calculation. The capital requirement calculated for operational risk for 2016, includes a one-off regulatory adjustment in relation to operations in Russia, which were sold in 2015, as permission to be excluded from the calculation of the capital requirement for operational risk was granted by the regulators at the beginning of January 2017. The operations in Russia, which were sold in 2015, followed the Basic Indicator Approach.
As at 30 June 2017, the minimum capital requirement in relation to operational risk calculated in accordance with the Standardised Approach amounts to EUR151,118 thousand (31 December 2016: EUR159,776 thousand).
30 June 2017 Standardised approach
EUR000
Corporate finance (CF) 169
Trading and Sales (TS) 3,492
Retail Brokerage (RBr) 57
Commercial Banking (CB) 117,582
Retail Banking (RB) 18,077
Payment and Settlement (PS) 11,394
Agency Services (AS) 235
Asset Management (AM) 112
Total Capital Requirement for Operational Risk 151,118
3. Minimum Required Own Funds for Credit, Market and Operational Risk (continued)
3.3 Operational Risk (continued)
31 December 2016 Standardised approach Basic indicator approach Total
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Corporate finance (CF) 169 - 169
Trading and Sales (TS) 3,492 - 3,492
Retail Brokerage (RBr) 57 - 57
Commercial Banking (CB) 117,582 8,658 126,240
Retail Banking (RB) 18,077 - 18,077
Payment and Settlement (PS) 11,394 - 11,394
Agency Services (AS) 235 - 235
Asset Management (AM) 112 - 112
Total Capital Requirement for Operational Risk 151,118 8,658 159,776
3.4 Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) Risk
CVA captures the credit risk of derivative counterparties not already included in Counterparty Credit Risk (i.e. the potential loss on derivatives due to increase in the credit spread of the counterparty).
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
EUR000 EUR000
CVA (Credit Valuation Adjustment) Capital Requirement 2,031 2,355
3.5 Non-deducted participations in insurance undertakings
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
EUR000 EUR000
Holdings of own funds instruments of a financial sector entity where the institution has a
significant investment not deducted
from own funds (before risk-weighting) 113,240 117,871
Total RWAs 283,100 294,678
4. Other risks
Political risk
External factors which are beyond the control of the Group, such as developments in the European and the global economy, as well as political and government actions in Cyprus can affect the operations of the Group, its strategy and prospects, either directly or indirectly through their possible impact on the domestic economy.
Cyprus is a small open economy with a large export sector. Exports of goods and services in 2016 were 62% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As a result the Cyprus economy is exposed to developments outside its borders, particularly in Russia, the UK and Greece. Cyprus is also exposed to developments in the European Union and the Eurozone that may lead to a payments crisis or changes in the regulatory and supervisory framework.
The exit of the UK from the EU may lead to an economic recession in the UK itself and to possible disruptions in the Eurozone with pressure to bear on the euro and the pound sterling.
4. Other risks (continued)
Political risk (continued)
There are close trade and investment links between Cyprus and the UK which means that the Cyprus economy is vulnerable to the impact on the UK economy of UK's exit from the EU. The pound sterling has already depreciated sharply against the euro losing about 20% of its value since early June 2016. The initial impact on the UK economy so far has been less severe than initially forecasted but the economy is slowing down with inflation on the rise because of the currency depreciation. The European Commission expects growth of 1.8% in 2017 and 1.3% in 2018 in a baseline scenario. In an adverse scenario, it is very likely for real GDP to contract in 2018-2019.
A slowdown in economic activity in the UK and outright contraction in an adverse scenario, coupled with the decline in the exchange rate of the pound against the euro, will reduce the competitiveness of Cypriot exports to the UK. Exports of goods to the UK are about 8% of total exports of goods on average in the three years to 2016. This compares to a share of about 29% on average in the three years to 2004. Cyprus' trade has been increasingly diverting toward the euro area after accession to the EU.
On the services side, particularly tourism, the UK remains a significant source country. Arrivals from the UK were 36.3% of total arrivals in 2016. This compares with a share of 35.7% in 2014 and a share near 60% about a decade ago.
The exit of the UK from the EU poses risks for Cyprus and mitigating actions will be required for trade diversion.
Developments in other non-EU countries with which Cyprus maintains significant economic links, the unresolved Cyprus problem, and political and social unrest or escalation of military conflict in neighbouring countries and/or other overseas areas may adversely affect the Cyprus economy.
Russia is an important economic partner of Cyprus both in terms of tourism and international business flows. Any developments that impact negatively on these linkages will have a negative impact on the economy and will thus affect the Group's operations.
The economic situation in Russia has been gradually improving driven by the stabilisation in oil prices, the return of foreign direct investment and booms in certain sectors, for example agriculture. These factors are helping the country pull out of recession. Following a marginal drop in real GDP in 2016, a modest rebound is expected in 2017-2018 according to the European Commission (European Economic Forecast, Spring 2017). Real GDP is expected to rise by 1.2% and 1.4% respectively in 2017 and 2018. However, diversification of the economy and medium term growth are hindered by structural factors.
Meantime, tensions between Russia and the West continue. The EU maintains sanctions against Russia and the US has added more. This situation may lead to escalating tensions in areas of conflict including Ukraine and the Baltic countries.
Cyprus is less exposed to the crisis in Greece than it was prior to its own crisis. However, the indirect effects in the case of a disorderly default in Greece and/or Greece's departure from the Eurozone could be severe if it damages confidence in the wider euro area and dampens economic growth in the region. Greece is poised to return to growth in 2017 and whilst its exit from the Eurozone is now less likely than before, it is still a possible event within a five year horizon.
The Greek economy stagnated in 2016 due to a setback in the fourth quarter, but the recovery is expected to restart this year. Real GDP increased by 0.8% in the first quarter from a year earlier and expected to increase by 2.1% on average for the year as a whole according to the European Commission (European Economic Forecast, Spring 2017). The recovery is expected to continue into 2018 with real GDP expected to increase by 2.5%.
4. Other risks (continued)
Political risk (continued)
Greece and the Eurozone reached an agreement on June 15 on the bailout programme and Greece received EUR8,5 billion to pay debt maturing in July. According to a statement released by the Eurogroup after the meeting, debt relief for Greece, such as longer maturities and lower interest rates, will be considered after the end of the bailout programme in July 2018.
In another significant development, in July 2017, the board of the International Monetary Fund provisionally approved a contribution of $1,8 billion to the Greek bailout fund to be provided after European creditors agree to debt relief. Also Greece issued a EUR3 billion five year bond to private investors at a yield of 4.625%. This was the first debt issuance by Greece in three years and was a test run for the country's return to market funding after its bailout programme ends next year.
Global economy risks remain elevated as highlighted by extremely low interest rates. In the United States, the Federal Reserve, after eight years of near zero interest rates, started hiking in December 2015 and since then, raised the fed funds rate three times to 1.25%. The yield curve is flattening, which indicates that the probability of recession is rising. Fiscal expansionary policies, once implemented, will stimulate growth and inflation, but as this remains off by a couple of years, deflationary pressures prevail.
In geopolitical terms the escalation of tensions over the North Korean peninsula holds the prospect for market volatility. North Korea remains under stiff UN sanctions and continues to hold the threat of a nuclear escalation, which the United States cannot ignore. Caution is thus warranted.
The European Union and the Eurozone remain fragmented despite recent electoral successes by moderate forces, and there are widespread disagreements regarding the nature of future reforms. As such, the medium term will see policy inaction and the divisions at national levels will deepen.
Regarding the ECB's monetary policy, the future will depend on the outlooks for growth and inflation. The recent rekindle of inflationary tendencies rests on weak foundations and is not sustainable. Despite overly accommodative monetary policies, deflationary pressures remain in place in the advanced world including Europe and the United States. In this context, ECB is expected to be particularly cautious in tapering its Quantitative Easing programme and in tightening its monetary stance. Unless economic activity accelerates further and inflation picks up, tapering will be slow and tightening will start later rather than early, by late 2020 or early 2021. Under an optimistic scenario with growth accelerating and inflation expectations firming, tightening is likely to start by late 2018 or early 2019.
Given the above, the Group recognises that unforeseen political events can have negative effects on the fulfilment of contractual relationships and obligations of its customers and other counterparties, which may have a significant impact on the Group's activities, operating results and position.
5. Capital management
The primary objective of the Group's capital management is to ensure compliance with the relevant regulatory capital requirements and to maintain strong credit ratings and healthy capital adequacy ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholder value.
The CRR and CRD IV became effective, comprising the European regulatory package designed to transpose the new capital, liquidity and leverage standards of Basel III into the European Union's legal framework, on 1 January 2014. CRR establishes the prudential requirements for capital, liquidity and leverage that entities need to abide by. It is immediately binding on all EU member states. CRD IV governs access to deposit-taking activities and internal governance arrangements including remuneration, board composition and transparency. Unlike the CRR, CRD IV needs to be transposed into national laws, and allows national regulators to impose additional capital buffer requirements. CRR introduced significant changes in the prudential regulatory regime applicable to banks including amended minimum capital adequacy ratios, changes to the definition of capital and the calculation of risk weighted assets and the introduction of new measures relating to leverage, liquidity and funding. CRR permits a transitional period for certain of the enhanced capital requirements and certain other measures, such as the leverage ratio, which will be largely fully effective by 2019.
5. Capital management (continued)
In addition, the Regulation (EU) 2016/445 of the ECB on the exercise of options and discretions available in Union law (ECB/2016/4) provides certain transitional arrangements which supersede the national discretions unless they are stricter than the EU Regulation 2016/44.
The CET1 ratio of the Group at 30 June 2017 stands at 12.3% (transitional) and the total capital ratio at 13.8%.
The minimum Pillar I total capital requirement is 8.0% and may be met, in addition to the 4.5% CET1 requirement, with up to 1.5% by Additional Tier 1 capital and with up to 2.0% by Tier 2 capital.
The Group is also subject to additional capital requirements for risks which are not covered by the Pillar I capital requirements (Pillar II add-ons). Following the enactment of the amendments in the Cypriot Banking Law in February 2017 regarding the gradual phase-in of the Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) and based on the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) performed by the ECB in 2016, the Group's minimum CET1 capital ratio as from 1 January 2017 has been reduced to 9.50% compared to 10.75% fully phased-in of CCB (minimum CET1 capital ratio at 31 December 2016: 11.75% fully phased-in of CCB), comprising of a 4.5% Pillar I requirement, a 3.75% Pillar II requirement and a phased-in CCB of 1.25%. The ECB has also provided non-public guidance for an additional Pillar II CET1 buffer.
The overall Total Capital Ratio requirement as from 1 January 2017 following the amendments in the Cypriot Banking Law in February 2017 regarding the gradual phase-in of CCB, has been reduced to 13.00% compared to 14.25% (fully phased-in of CCB), comprising of a Pillar I requirement of 8% (of which up to 1.5% can be in the form of Additional Tier 1 capital and up to 2.0% in the form of Tier 2 capital), a Pillar II requirement of 3.75% (in the form of CET1), as well as a phased-in CCB of 1.25%.
The minimum CET1 requirement including Pillar II, applicable for the year 2016 was determined by the ECB at 11.75% in November 2015 and included CCB on a fully loaded basis.
The Group's capital position at 30 June 2017 exceeds both its Pillar I and its Pillar II add-on capital requirements. However, the Group's Pillar II add-on capital requirements are a point-in-time assessment and therefore are subject to change over time.
Based on the provisions of the Macroprudential Oversight of Institutions Law of 2015 which came into force on 1 January 2016, the CBC is the designated Authority responsible for setting the macroprudential buffers that derive from the CRD IV.
In accordance with the provisions of this law, the CBC sets, on a quarterly basis, the Countercyclical Capital buffer (CCyB) level in accordance with the methodology described in this law. The CCyB is effective as from 1 January 2016 and is determined by the CBC ahead of the beginning of each quarter. The CBC has set the level of the CCyB at 0% for the years of 2016 and 2017.
In accordance with the provisions of this law, the CBC is also the responsible authority for the designation of banks that are Other Systemically Important Institutions (O-SIIs) and for the setting of the O-SII buffer requirement for these systemically important banks. The Group has been designated as an O-SII and the CBC set the O-SII buffer for the Group at 2%. This buffer will be phased-in gradually, starting from 1 January 2019 at 0.5% and increasing by 0.5% every year thereafter, until being fully implemented (2.0%) on 1 January 2022.
Following the enactment of the amendments in the Cypriot Banking Law on 3 February 2017, the Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) is gradually phased-in at 0.625% in 2016, 1.25% in 2017, 1.875% in 2018 and is fully implemented on 1 January 2019 at 2.5%.
The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) requires that from January 2016 EU member states shall apply the BRRD's provisions requiring EU credit institutions and certain investment firms to maintain a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities ('MREL'), subject to the provisions of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1450. Although the precise calibration and ultimate designation of the Group's MREL has not yet been finalised, the Bank is monitoring developments in this area very closely.
5. Capital management (continued)
The Group's overseas banking subsidiaries comply with the regulatory capital requirements of the local regulators in the countries in which they operate. The insurance subsidiaries of the Group comply with the requirements of the Superintendent of Insurance including the minimum solvency ratio. The regulated investment firms of the Group comply with the regulatory capital requirements of the CySEC laws and regulations.
5.1 Capital position
The capital position of the Group under CRD IV/CRR basis (after applying the transitional arrangements) is presented below.
Regulatory capital 30 June 31 December
2017 2016
EUR000 EUR000
Transitional Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) (3,4) 2,141,968 2,727,997
Transitional Additional Tier 1 capital (AT1) --
Tier 2 capital (T2) 247,909 21,423
Transitional total regulatory capital(4) 2,389,877 2,749,420
Risk weighted assets - credit risk (5) 15,474,341 16,861,793
Risk weighted assets - market risk 5,061 6,231
Risk weighted assets - operational risk 1,888,975 1,997,200
Total risk weighted assets 17,368,377 18,865,224
% %
Transitional Common Equity Tier 1 ratio 12.3 14.5
Transitional total capital ratio 13.8 14.6
During the six months ended 30 June 2017, the CET1 was negatively affected by the loss for the period and by the phase in of transitional adjustments, mainly deferred tax asset. The Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA) were positively affected by the Group's ongoing efforts for risk-weighted assets optimisation as well as of the increased provisioning. As a result of the above, the CET1 ratio decreased by 220 bps during the period.
[3] CET1 includes regulatory deductions, primarily comprising deferred tax assets and intangible assets amounting to EUR124,650 thousand and EUR88,407 thousand as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 respectively.
[4] Following the Regulation (EU) 2016/445 of the ECB of 14 March 2016 on the exercise of options and discretions available in Union law (ECB/2016/4), the deferred tax asset phase-in period reduced from 10 to 5 years, with effect as from the reporting of 31 December 2016.
[5] Includes Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA)
6. Leverage ratio
According to CRR Article 429, the leverage ratio, expressed as a percentage, is calculated as the capital measure divided by the total exposure measure of the Group.
The leverage ratio of the Group is presented below:
30 June 31 December
2017 2016
Transitional basis EUR000 EUR000
---------- -----------
Capital measure (CET1) 2,141,968 2,727,997
Total exposure measure 22,030,648 22,833,225
Leverage ratio (%) 9.7 11.9
Fully loaded basis
---------- -----------
Capital measure (CET1) 2,043,454 2,611,563
Total exposure measure 22,036,744 22,785,112
Leverage ratio (%) 9.3 11.5
7. Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP), Internal Liquidity Assessment Process (ILAAP), Pillar II and Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP)
The Group prepared the ICAAP and ILAAP reports for the year 2016. Both reports were approved by the Board of Directors and have been submitted to the ECB in April 2017.
The Group also undertakes a quarterly review of its ICAAP results. During the quarterly review of the ICAAP, the Group's risk profile and risk management policies and processes are reviewed and any changes since the full ICAAP exercise are taken into consideration. The quarterly review identifies whether the Group is exposed to new risks and assesses the adequacy of capital resources in order to cover its risks, as these have evolved (compared to the full ICAAP exercise). Given completion of the full ICAAP report in April 2017, the two quarterly reviews will take place in the third quarter of 2017 and in the fourth quarter of 2017 covering the period up to end of June 2017 and the period up to end of September 2017, respectively.
A quarterly review is also performed for the ILAAP through quarterly stress tests submitted to the Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO) and Board Risk Committee, as from 2016. During the quarterly review, the liquidity risk drivers are assessed and, if needed, the stress test assumptions are amended accordingly. The quarterly review identifies whether the Group has an adequate liquidity buffer to cover the stress outflows.
The ECB, as part of its supervisory role, has been conducting the SREP and onsite inspections on the Group. SREP is a holistic assessment of, amongst other things, the Group's business model, internal governance and institution-wide control arrangements, risks to capital and adequacy of capital to cover these risks and risks to liquidity and adequacy of liquidity resources to cover these risks. The objective of the SREP is for the ECB to form an up-to-date supervisory view of the Group's risks and viability and to form the basis for supervisory measures and dialogue with the Group. Additional capital and other requirements could be imposed on the Group as a result of these supervisory processes, including a revision of the level of Pillar II add-ons as the Pillar II add-on capital requirements are a point-in-time assessment and therefore subject to change over time.
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures
8.1 Ageing of past-due exposures
30 June 2017 Gross carrying values
< 30 days >30 days < 60 days >60 days < 90 days >90 days >180 days < 1 year > 1 year
< 180 days
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Loans(6) 482,637 179,626 156,402 267,442 292,362 6,563,403
Debt securities - - - - - -
Total exposures 482,637 179,626 156,402 267,442 292,362 6,563,403
31 December 2016 Gross carrying values
< 30 days >30 days < 60 days >60 days < 90 days >90 days >180 days < 1 year > 1 year
< 180 days
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Loans(6) 517,513 181,480 222,883 178,247 192,152 7,375,193
Debt securities - - - - - -
Total exposures 517,513 181,480 222,883 178,247 192,152 7,375,193
[6] Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans. This adjustment has decreased the gross balance of loans and advances to customers.
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued) 8.2 Non-performing and forborne exposures
The table below discloses NPEs based on the definitions of the EBA standards.
30 June 2017 Gross carrying amount of performing and non-performing exposures Accumulated impairment and provisions and Collaterals and financial
negative fair value adjustments due to guarantees received
credit risk
Of which Of which Of which non-performing On performing On non-performing On Of which
performing performing exposures exposures non-performing forborne
but past forborne exposures exposures
due > 30
days and
<= 90 days
Of which Of which Of which Of which Of which
defaulted impaired forborne forborne forborne
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Debt securities 862,161 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loans and advances
Central Banks 2,183,069 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Credit
Institutions 695,543 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loans and
advances to
customers(7) 19,504,609 67,812 2,401,163 9,751,981 8,100,931 6,140,772 5,142,562 178,134 68,952 4,413,635 1,840,836 4,872,120 5,176,877
Off-balance-sheet
exposures 2,920,487 n/a 25,473 409,206 340,009 n/a(8) 15,139 4,376 20 42,233 704 58,830 20,062
Note: The above table includes loans and advances classified as held for sale (Note 19 of the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended 30 June 2017).
[7] Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans.
[8] Per EBA guidelines no disclosure is required.
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.2 Non-performing and forborne exposures (continued)
31 December 2016 Gross carrying amount of performing and non-performing exposures Accumulated impairment and provisions and Collaterals and financial
negative fair value adjustments due to credit guarantees received
risk
Of which Of which Of which non-performing On performing On non-performing On Of which
performing performing exposures exposures non-performing forborne
but past forborne exposures exposures
due > 30
days and
<= 90 days
Of which Of which Of which Of which Of which
defaulted impaired forborne forborne forborne
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Debt securities 619,568 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loans and advances
Central Banks 1,373,803 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Credit
Institutions 1,075,199 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loans and advances
to customers(9) 20,130,095(9) 107,160 2,206,634 11,034,249 8,837,158 6,886,890 5,889,332 160,992(9) 50,531 4,319,703(9) 1,617,028 7,854,750 6,760,774
Off-balance-sheet
exposures 2,881,262 n/a 11,817 481,273 365,335 n/a(10) 24,421 1,793 2 36,403 391 83,957 22,056
[9] Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans.
[10] Per EBA guidelines no disclosure is required.
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued) 8.3 Analysis of Counterparty Credit Risk (CCR) exposure by approach
The table below shows the analysis of CCR per approach. The approach followed by the Group is the mark to market method.
30 June 2017 Notional Replacement Potential future Effective Multiplier Exposure at RWA
cost/current credit exposure expected Default (EAD)
market value positive post Credit
exposure (EEPE) Risk Mitigation
(CRM)
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Mark to market 320 11,279 11,599 5,188
Original exposure - - - -
Standardised - - - -
approach
Internal model - - - -
method (IMM) (for
derivatives and
Securities
Financing
Transactions
(SFTs))
Of which - - - -
securities
financing
transactions
Of which - - - -
derivatives and
long settlement
transactions
Of which from - - - -
contractual
cross- product
netting
Financial - -
collateral simple
method (for SFTs)
Financial - -
collateral
comprehensive
method (for SFTs)
Value at Risk - -
(VaR) for SFTs
Total 5,188
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.3 Analysis of Counterparty Credit Risk (CCR) exposure by approach (continued)
31 December 2016 Notional Replacement Potential future Effective Multiplier Exposure at RWA
cost/current credit exposure expected Default (EAD)
market value positive post Credit
exposure (EEPE) Risk Mitigation
(CRM)
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Mark to market 6,727 11,543 8,639 3,588
Original exposure - - - -
Standardised - - - -
approach
IMM (for - - - -
derivatives and
SFTs)
Of which - - - -
securities
financing
transactions
Of which - - - -
derivatives and
long settlement
transactions
Of which from - - - -
contractual
cross- product
netting
Financial - -
collateral simple
method (for SFTs)
Financial - -
collateral
comprehensive
method (for SFTs)
VaR for SFTs - -
Total 3,588
8.4 CVA capital charge
The table below provides CVA regulatory calculations (with a breakdown by standardised and advanced approaches).
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
Exposure value RWA Exposure value RWA
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
1 Total portfolios subject to the advanced method - - - -
2 (i) VaR component (including the 3× multiplier) - -
3 (ii) SVaR component (including the 3× multiplier) - -
4 All portfolios subject to the standardised method 56,226 25,388 55,629 29,438
EU4 Based on the original exposure method - - - -
5 Total subject to the CVA capital charge 56,226 25,388 55,629 29,438
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.5 Standardised approach - CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk
A breakdown of CCR exposures, calculated under the standardised approach, by portfolio (type of counterparties) and by risk weight (business attributed according to the Standardised approach), is presented below:
30 June 2017 Risk weight Total Of
Exposure classes which
unrated
0% 2% 4% 10% 20% 50% 70% 75% 100% 150% Others
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
1 banks - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2 Regional - - - - - - - - - - - - -
governments
or local
authorities
Public sector
3 entities - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Multilateral
development
4 banks - - - - - - - - - - - - -
International
5 organisations - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 Institutions - - - - 11,582 44,167 - - - - - 55,749 10,352
7 Corporates - - - - - - - - 476 - - 476 476
8 Retail - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 Institutions - - - - - - - - - - - - -
and
corporates
with a
short-term
credit
assessment
10 Other items - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 Total - - - - 11,582 44,167 - - 476 - - 56,225 10,828
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.5 Standardised approach - CCR exposures by regulatory portfolio and risk (continued)
31 December 2016 Risk weight
Exposure classes
Of
which
0% 2% 4% 10% 20% 50% 70% 75% 100% 150% Others Total unrated
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
1 banks - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2 Regional - - - - - - - - - - - - -
governments
or local
authorities
Public sector
3 entities - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Multilateral
development
4 banks - - - - - - - - - - - - -
International
5 organisations - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 Institutions - - - - 12,977 41,929 - - - - - 54,906 11,757
7 Corporates - - - - - - - - 723 - - 723 723
8 Retail - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 Institutions - - - - - - - - - - - - -
and
corporates
with a
short-term
credit
assessment
10 Other items - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 Total - - - - 12,977 41,929 - - 723 - - 55,629 12,480
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.6 Impact of netting and collateral held on exposure values
30 June 2017 Gross positive fair Netting benefits Netted current Collateral held Net credit exposure
value or net credit exposure
carrying amount
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Derivatives 7,439 7,119 320 - 320
SFTs 44,627 - 44,627 - 44,627
Cross-product - - - - -
netting
Total 52,066 7,119 44,947 - 44,947
31 December 2016
Derivatives 21,116 14,051 7,065 6,162 903
SFTs 46,990 - 46,990 - 46,990
Cross-product netting - - - - -
Total 68,106 14,051 54,055 6,162 47,893
8.7 Composition of collateral for exposures to CCR
A breakdown of all types of collateral posted or received to support or reduce CCR exposures, is presented below:
30 June 2017 Collateral used in derivative transactions Collateral used in SFTs
Fair value of collateral received Fair value of posted collateral Fair value of Fair value of
collateral posted
received collateral
Segregated Unsegregated Segregated Unsegregated
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Cash - 92 - (72,100) - (14,736)
Total - 92 - (72,100) - (14,736)
31 December 2016
Cash -11,678 -(36,945) -(19,080)
Total -11,678 -(36,945) -(19,080)
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.8 Credit quality of exposures by exposure class and instrument
Customer loan restructurings, intense provisioning, debt-for-property and debt-for equity swaps deleveraging actions led to: (a) an overall decrease in the overall exposures between the two periods and (b) an absolute and relative decrease in the defaulted gross exposures compared to non-defaulted exposures since 31 December 2016. Debt-for-property and debt-for-equity swaps resulted in a movement of exposures towards exposure class "Other exposures".
"Credit risk adjustment charges of the period" include changes in column (c) between the current and the previous period calculated at exposure class level.
Materiality applied: All exposure classes that at the current and previous reporting period do not exceed 1% of total net exposures have been included in "Other".
The below table has been completed in accordance to the regulatory requirements. Columns (c) and (e) represent the value adjustments reported in regulatory reports relating to the calculation of the RWA.
a b c d e f g
30 June 2017 Gross carrying values of Specific General Accumulated Credit risk adjustment charges Net values
credit credit risk write-offs of the period
risk adjustment
adjustment
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
banks - 3,021,432 - - 1 - 3,021,431
Institutions - 775,281 6 - 1 - 775,274
Corporates - 4,908,674 41,774 - 129,516 8,356 4,737,384
Of which:
SMEs - 3,467,543 38,346 - 87,662 13,314 3,341,535
Retail - 3,233,961 43,957 - 62,523 10,036 3,127,481
Of which:
SMEs - 956,791 10,784 - 11,718 5,556 934,289
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property - 4,390,335 10,194 - 35,092 1,789 4,345,049
Of which:
SMEs - 1,758,040 2,379 - 16,000 1,469 1,739,661
Exposures in
default 10,130,843 - 3,442,670 - 3,306,295 302,544 3,381,878
Items
associated
with
particularly
high risk 2,685,260 1,392,359 946,274 - 1,076,733 (57,378) 2,054,612
Other
exposures - 2,281,608 - - - - 2,281,608
Other 37 298,388 52 - 866 45 297,507
Total
standardised
approach 12,816,140 20,302,038 4,484,927 - 4,611,027 265,392 24,022,224
Of which:
Loans 12,460,677 14,465,720 4,439,667 - 4,610,823 255,535 17,875,907
Of which: Debt
securities - 862,161 - - - - 862,161
Of which:
Off-balance
sheet
exposures 355,425 2,554,828 45,260 - 204 9,857 2,864,789
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.8 Credit quality of exposures by exposure class and instrument (continued)
a b c d e f g
31 December Gross carrying values of Specific General Accumulated Credit risk Net values
2016 credit risk credit risk write-offs adjustment
adjustment adjustment charges of
the period
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
banks - 1,994,935 - - 1 - 1,994,934
Institutions - 1,157,808 6 - 2 (6) 1,157,800
Corporates - 4,849,022 33,418 - 154,317 2,256 4,661,287
Of which:
SMEs - 3,516,744 25,032 - 128,645 15,197 3,363,067
Retail - 3,255,099 33,921 - 65,999 (4,227) 3,155,179
Of which:
SMEs - 968,763 5,228 - 11,371 (445) 952,164
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property - 4,358,501 8,405 - 31,560 (1,936) 4,318,536
Of which:
SMEs - 1,693,832 910 - 13,627 (718) 1,679,295
Exposures in
default 10,363,863 - 3,140,126 - 3,259,821 (142,288) 3,963,916
Items
associated
with
particularly
high risk 3,048,843 1,318,004 1,003,652 - 1,085,061 (83,455) 2,278,134
Other
exposures - 2,268,656 - - - - 2,268,656
Other 107 281,628 7 - 1,258 (27) 280,470
Total
standardised
approach 13,412,813 19,483,653 4,219,535 - 4,598,019 (229,683) 24,078,912
Of which:
Loans 13,047,763 13,897,482 4,184,132 - 4,597,011 (223,408) 18,164,102
Of which: Debt
securities - 619,051 - - - - 619,051 Of which: Off-balance sheet exposures 364,945 2,501,549 35,403 - 1,008 (6,275) 2,830,083 8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued) 8.9 Credit quality of exposures by industry
"Credit risk adjustment charges of the period" include changes in column (c) between the current and the previous period calculated at industry level.
"Other services" include exposures to Private individuals, Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies, Other services activities, and Financial and Insurance activities.
Materiality applied: All industry sectors that at the current and previous period do not exceed 1% of total net exposures have been included in "Other".
The below table has been completed in accordance to the regulatory requirements. Columns (c) and (e) represent the value adjustment reports for the calculation of the RWA.
The defaulted gross exposures have absolutely and relatively decreased in comparison to non-defaulted exposures since 31 December 2016, due to intense provisioning mainly to defaulted portfolios, deleveraging and debt-for-asset swaps actions in the defaulted portfolios. The relative increase observed in "Public administration and defence, compulsory social security" exposures results from an increase in balance sheet values relating to investments in government bonds and balances with central banks.
a b c d e f g
30 June 2017 Gross carrying values of Specific risk General Accumulated Credit risk Net values
adjustment credit risk write-offs adjustment
adjustment charges of
the period
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Manufacturing 512,609 546,379 164,696 - 183,379 (3,734) 710,913
Construction 2,837,311 1,384,247 897,722 - 1,035,036 (80,271) 2,288,800
Wholesale and
retail trade 1,401,173 1,886,250 441,363 - 486,001 10,606 2,360,059
Accommo-dation
and food
service
activities 723,357 1,273,089 238,770 - 285,136 (7,515) 1,472,540
Information and
communication 159,676 145,681 60,318 - 44,861 1,909 200,178
Real estate
activities 1,392,013 2,359,054 508,874 - 445,699 (96,879) 2,796,494
Professional,
scientific and
technical
activities 546,569 431,939 119,233 - 281,132 (18,714) 578,143
Public
administra-tion
and defence,
compulsory
social security 12,337 3,132,559 1,292 - 2,456 455 3,141,148
Human health
services and
social work
activities 114,251 292,065 35,577 - 34,689 2,968 336,050
Other services 4,471,062 8,119,191 1,833,392 - 1,557,518 472,470 9,199,343
Other 645,782 731,584 183,690 - 255,120 (15,903) 938,556
Total 12,816,140 20,302,038 4,484,927 - 4,611,027 265,392 24,022,224
8. PILLAR 3 Disclosures (continued)
8.9 Credit quality of exposures by industry (continued)
a b c d e f g
31 December Gross carrying values of Specific risk General Accumulated Credit risk Net values
2016 adjustment credit risk write-offs adjustment
adjustment charges of
the period
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Manufacturing 496,096 539,367 168,430 - 171,579 (42,629) 695,454
Construction 3,097,547 1,455,163 977,993 - 996,657 (129,720) 2,578,060
Wholesale and
retail trade 1,374,080 1,955,207 430,757 - 471,960 (21,303) 2,426,570
Accommodation
and food
service
activities 820,681 1,012,165 246,285 - 280,908 (2,407) 1,305,653
Information and
communication 152,082 211,164 58,409 - 42,119 (3,150) 262,718
Real estate
activities 1,584,212 2,240,633 605,753 - 457,437 35,236 2,761,655
Professional,
scientific and
technical
activities 583,573 438,748 137,947 - 291,561 (7,554) 592,813
Public
administration
and defence,
compulsory
social
security 12,539 2,111,859 837 - 2,678 209 2,120,883
Human health
services and
social work
activities 113,551 280,230 32,609 - 32,879 737 328,293
Other services 4,434,751 8,554,084 1,360,919 - 1,530,864 (14,090) 10,097,052
Other 743,701 685,033 199,596 - 319,377 (45,012) 909,761
Total 13,412,813 19,483,653 4,219,535 - 4,598,019 (229,683) 24,078,912
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.10 Credit quality of exposures by geography
"Credit risk adjustment charges of the period" include changes in column (c) between the current and the previous period calculated at exposure class level.
Materiality applied: All EU countries that the current and previous reporting period do not exceed 1% of total net exposures have been included in "Other countries" and all non-EU countries that at the current and previous reporting period do not exceed 1% of total net exposures, including exposures to supranational, have been included in "Other geographical areas".
The below table has been completed in accordance to the regulatory requirements. Columns (c) and (e) represent the value adjustments as they are reported in the regulatory reports relating to the calculation of the RWA.
The defaulted gross exposures have absolutely and relatively decreased in comparison to non-defaulted exposures since 31 December 2016, due to intense provisioning mainly to defaulted portfolios deleveraging and debt for asset swaps actions in the defaulted portfolios.
a b c d e f g
30 June 2017 Gross carrying value of Specific General Accumulated Credit risk Net values
credit risk credit risk write-offs adjustment
adjustment adjustment charges of
the period
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
EU Countries 12,407,757 19,681,836 4,282,117 - 4,533,296 320,464 23,274,180
Cyprus 11,381,134 16,769,119 3,835,856 - 4,165,010 271,335 20,149,387
United Kingdom 373,375 1,967,529 129,161 - 131,391 13,259 2,080,352
France 121 301,492 39 - 671 11 300,903
Greece 228,814 300,015 48,501 - 148,699 17,971 331,629
Other
countries 424,313 343,681 268,560 - 87,525 17,888 411,909
Non EU
Countries 408,383 620,202 202,810 - 77,731 (55,072) 748,044
Russian
Federation 223,843 83,426 137,265 - 16,084 (27,179) 153,920
Other
geographical
areas 184,540 536,776 65,545 - 61,647 (27,893) 594,124
Total 12,816,140 20,302,038 4,484,927 - 4,611,027 265,392 24,022,224
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.10 Credit quality of exposures by geography (continued)
a b c d e f g
31 December Gross carrying value of Specific General Accumulated Credit risk Net values
2016 credit risk credit risk write-offs adjustment
adjustment adjustment charges of
the period
Defaulted Non-defaulted (a+b-c-d-e)
exposures exposures
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
EU Countries 12,907,315 18,769,709 3,961,653 - 4,527,796 (226,857) 23,187,575
Cyprus 11,824,876 15,591,235 3,564,521 - 4,133,718 (170,185) 19,717,872
United Kingdom 387,916 1,852,573 115,902 - 127,614 (17,533) 1,996,973
France 106 303,578 28 - 671 (4) 302,985
Greece 213,333 382,630 30,530 - 147,797 (32,531) 417,636
Other
countries 481,084 639,693 250,672 - 117,996 (6,604) 752,109
Non EU
Countries 505,498 713,944 257,882 - 70,223 (2,826) 891,337
Russian
Federation 256,368 110,508 164,444 - 15,129 11,286 187,303
Other
geographical
areas 249,130 603,436 93,438 - 55,094 (14,112) 704,034
Total 13,412,813 19,483,653 4,219,535 - 4,598,019 (229,683) 24,078,912
8.11 Changes in the stock of defaulted and impaired loans and debt securities
Defaulted exposures are exposures that are defaulted in accordance with Article 178 of the CRR.
Gross carrying value defaulted exposures
30 June 2017 31 December 2016
EUR000 EUR000
Opening balance 13,412,815 13,998,357
Loans and debt securities that have defaulted or impaired since the last
reporting period 733,355 968,108
Returned to non-defaulted status (267,912) (284,897)
Amounts written off (496,408) (1,055,265)
Other changes (565,710) (213,488)
Closing balance 12,816,140 13,412,815
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.12 Standardised approach - Credit risk exposure and Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM) effects
The table below illustrates the effect of all CRM techniques applied in accordance with the CRR under the financial collateral comprehensive method.
The RWA density has significantly decreased since 31 December 2016 due to redistribution of the exposures to lower risk exposure classes. Particularly, (a) a significant decrease in balance sheet amounts in the higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) due to repayments and intense increased provisioning, (b) a movement of exposure amounts from higher risk exposure classes (exposures in default and higher-risk categories) towards lower risk categories (Corporates, Retail, Secured by mortgages on immovable properties, and Other items) due to customer loan restructurings, new customer loans, and debt-for-property and debt-for-equity swaps deleveraging actions, and (c) a significant increase in balance sheet amounts to exposures with central governments or central banks which carry 0% risk weight.
Exposure classes with zero exposure values are not included in the template below:
30 June 2017 Exposures before Credit Conversion Exposures post CCF and CRM RWAs and RWA density
Factor (CCF) and CRM
Exposure classes On-balance sheet Off-balance sheet On-balance sheet Off-balance sheet RWAs RWA density
amount amount amount amount
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 %
Central
governments or
central banks 3,021,339 92 3,104,760 - - 0.0
Regional
government or
local
authorities 61,917 7,831 6,868 80 1,389 20.0
Public sector
entities 28,121 590 17,924 7 1 0.0
Multilateral
development
banks 9,148 - 9,148 - - 0.0
International
organisations 11,750 - 11,750 - - 0.0
Institutions 658,760 60,764 665,192 19,404 212,921 31.1
Corporates 3,378,856 1,358,052 3,203,500 297,404 3,435,902 98.1
Retail 2,204,261 923,220 1,962,715 40,230 1,416,324 70.7
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property 4,286,072 58,977 4,162,219 30,961 1,556,807 37.1
Exposures in
default 3,163,167 218,711 3,119,706 48,357 3,357,175 106.0
Higher-risk
categories 1,830,577 224,035 1,745,758 53,018 2,698,164 150.0
Covered bonds 39,341 - 39,341 - 3,934 10.0
Collective
investment
undertakings 52 - 52 - 52 100.0
Equity 138,757 - 138,757 - 320,490 231.0
Other items 2,269,091 12,517 2,269,091 12,517 2,421,032 106.1
Total 21,101,209 2,864,789 20,456,781 501,978 15,424,191 73.6
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.12 Standardised approach - Credit risk exposure and Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM) effects (continued)
31 December 2016 Exposures before CCF and CRM Exposures post CCF and CRM RWAs and RWA density
Exposure classes On-balance sheet Off-balance sheet On-balance sheet Off-balance sheet RWAs RWA density
amount amount amount amount
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 %
Central
governments or
central banks 1,994,906 28 2,045,333 - - 0.0
Regional
government or
local
authorities 58,384 12,552 3,036 95 626 20.0
Public sector
entities 32,270 600 18,041 7 1 0.0
Multilateral
development
banks 9,360 - 9,360 - - 0.0
International
organisations 11,823 - 11,823 - - 0.0
Institutions 1,019,117 74,146 1,027,587 31,190 318,843 30.1
Corporates 3,449,820 1,210,744 3,267,286 226,777 3,449,352 98.7
Retail 2,157,150 998,029 1,948,526 59,290 1,422,499 70.8
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property 4,255,562 62,974 4,145,741 29,571 1,615,895 38.7
Exposures in
default 3,726,558 237,358 3,675,261 34,704 4,072,498 109.8
Higher-risk
categories 2,058,042 220,092 2,003,647 44,177 3,071,736 150.0
Covered bonds 11,667 - 11,667 - 1,167 10.0
Collective
investment
undertakings 41 - 41 - 41 100.0
Equity 143,773 - 143,773 - 332,938 231.6
Other items 2,255,096 13,560 2,255,096 13,560 2,522,648 111.2
Total 21,183,569 2,830,083 20,566,218 439,371 16,808,244 80.0
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.13 Standardised approach
The table below presents the breakdown of exposures under the standardised approach by asset class and risk weight (corresponding to the riskiness attributed to the exposure according to the standardised approach). The exposures are disclosed post conversion factors and post risk mitigation techniques.
Risk weights or exposure classes with zero exposure values are not included in the table below:
30 June 2017 Risk weight Total Of which
unrated(11)
Exposure
classes 0% 10% 20% 35% 50% 75% 100% 150% 250% Deducted
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
banks 3,104,760 - - - - - - - - - 3,104,760 -
Regional
government or
local
authorities - - 6,948 - - - - - - - 6,948 -
Public sector
entities 17,924 - 7 - - - - - - - 17,931 -
Multilateral
development
banks 9,148 - - - - - - - - - 9,148 9,148
International
organisations 11,750 - - - - - - - - - 11,750 11,750
Institutions 3,276 - 605,235 - 75,461 - 11,888 44,486 - - 740,346 -
Corporates - - - - - - 3,500,659 721 - - 3,501,380 3,501,380
Retail - - - - - 2,002,945 - - - - 2,002,945 2,002,945
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property - - - 3,106,616 1,086,443 - 121 - - - 4,193,180 4,193,180
Exposures in
default - - - - - - 2,789,839 378,224 - - 3,168,063 3,168,063
Higher-risk
categories - - - - - - - 1,798,776 - - 1,798,776 1,798,776
Covered bonds - 39,341 - - - - - - - - 39,341 -
Collective
investment
undertakings - - - - - - 52 - - - 52 52
Equity - - - - - - 17,602 - 121,155 - 138,757 138,757
Other items 134,217 - 62,632 - - - 1,868,928 - 215,831 197,466 2,479,074 2,479,074
Total 3,281,075 39,341 674,822 3,106,616 1,161,904 2,002,945 8,189,089 2,222,207 336,986 197,466 21,212,451 17,303,125
[11] Includes all exposures for which an issue/issuer or country rating (where applicable) is not available or they follow uniform regulatory treatment under the standardized approach of the CRR.
8. Other Pillar 3 disclosures (continued)
8.13 Standardised approach (continued)
31 December Risk weight Total Of which
2016 unrated(12)
Exposure
classes 0% 10% 20% 35% 50% 75% 100% 150% 250% Deducted
EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000 EUR000
Central
governments
or central
banks 2,045,333 - - - - - - - - - 2,045,333 -
Regional
government or
local
authorities - - 3,131 - - - - - - - 3,131 -
Public sector
entities 18,041 - 7 - - - - - - - 18,048 -
Multilateral
development
banks 9,360 - - - - - - - - - 9,360 9,360
International
organisations 11,823 - - - - - - - - - 11,823 11,823
Institutions 3,543 - 944,899 - 85,098 - 18,619 61,524 - - 1,113,683 -
Corporates - - - - - - 3,493,834 952 - - 3,494,786 3,494,786
Retail - - - - - 2,007,816 - - - - 2,007,816 2,007,816
Secured by
mortgages on
immovable
property - - - 2,833,605 1,284,913 - 56,794 - - - 4,175,312 4,175,312
Exposures in
default - - - - - - 2,984,899 725,066 - - 3,709,965 3,709,965
Higher-risk
categories - - - - - - - 2,047,824 - - 2,047,824 2,047,824
Covered bonds - 11,667 - - - - - - - - 11,667 -
Collective
investment
undertakings - - - - - - 41 - - - 41 41
Equity - - - - - - 17,663 - 126,110 - 143,773 143,773
Other items 132,588 - 41,085 - - - 1,815,351 - 279,632 193,226 2,461,882 2,461,882
Total 2,220,688 11,667 989,122 2,833,605 1,370,011 2,007,816 8,387,201 2,835,366 405,742 193,226 21,254,444 18,062,582
[12] Includes all exposures for which an issue/issuer or country rating (where applicable) is not available or they follow uniform regulatory treatment under the standardised approach of the CRR.
Accumulated provisions ccumulated provisions comprise (i) provisions for
impairment of customer loans and advances
to customers, (ii) the fair value adjustment on initial
recognition of loans, and (iii) provisions
for off-balance sheet exposures (contingent liabilities
and commitments) disclosed on the
balance sheet within other liabilities.
Cost to Income ratio Cost-to-income ratio is calculated as the total staff
costs and other operating expenses (excluding
advisory and other restructuring costs) divided by total
income (excluding gains/(losses)
on disposals of non-core assets).
Interest earning assets Interest earning assets is the sum of: cash and balances
with central banks, loans and advances
to banks, net loans and advances to customers, investments
(excluding equities and mutual
funds) and derivatives.
Leverage ratio The leverage ratio is calculated as the total equity to
total assets as presented on the balance
sheet.
Loans in arrears for more than 90 days (90+ DPD) Loans in arrears for more than 90 days (90+ DPD) are
defined as loans past-due for more than
90 days and loans that are impaired (impaired loans are
those (i) for which a provision for
impairment has been recognised on an individual basis or
(ii) for which incurred losses existed
at their initial recognition or (iii) customers in Debt
Recovery).
Loans in arrears for more than 90 days (90+ DPD) ratio Loans past-due for more than 90 days (as defined) divided
by loans before the deduction of
accumulated provisions (as defined).
Net fee and commission income over total income Fee and commission income less fee and commission expense
divided by total income (as defined),
but excluding gains/(losses) on disposals of non-core
assets.
Net Interest Margin Net interest margin is calculated as the net interest
income (annualised) divided by the average
interest earning assets.
Net loans to deposit ratio Net loans to deposits ratio is calculated as the net loans
and advances to customers divided
by customer deposits. Where applicable, loans and deposits
held for sale are added to the
numerator and denominator respectively.
Non-performing exposures (NPEs) According to the EBA standards, a loan is considered a
non-performing exposure if: (i) the
debtor is assessed as unlikely to pay its credit
obligations in full without the realisation
of the collateral, regardless of the existence of any past
due amount or of the number of
days past due, or (ii) the exposures are impaired i.e. in
cases where there is a specific
provision, or (iii) there are material exposures which are
more than 90 days past due, or
(iv) there are performing forborne exposures under
probation for which additional forbearance
measures are extended, or (v) there are performing
forborne exposures under probation that
present more than 30 days past due within the probation
period. The NPEs are reported before
the deduction of accumulated provisions (as defined).
NPE ratio NPE ratio is non-performing exposures (as defined) divided
by loans before the deduction of
accumulated provisions (as defined).
Operating profit return on average assets Operating profit return on average assets is calculated as
the operating profit divided by
the average of total assets for the relevant period.
Provisioning charge (cost of risk) Provisioning charge (cost of risk) is calculated as the
provisions for impairment of customer
loans plus the gain on derecognition of loans and advances
to customers for the period (annualised)
divided by average customer loans before accumulated
provisions (as defined).
Provisioning coverage ratio for 90+ DPD Provisioning coverage ratio for 90+ DPD is calculated as
the accumulated provisions (as defined)
divided by 90+ DPD (as defined).
Provisioning coverage ratio for 90+ DPD calculated with Provisioning coverage ratio for 90+ DPD is calculated as
reference to the contractual balances the accumulated provisions (as defined)
of customers divided by 90+DPD (as defined), after the addition of
total contractual interest due on those
loans to both to the numerator and denominator.
Provisioning coverage ratio for NPEs Provisioning coverage ratio for NPEs is calculated as
accumulated provisions (as defined)
over NPEs (as defined).
Total income Comprises total of net interest income, fee and commission
income, fee and commission expense,
net foreign exchange gains, net gains on financial
instrument transactions, insurance income
net of claims and commissions, (losses)/gains from
revaluation and disposal of investment
properties, gains/(losses) on disposal of stock of
property and other income.
Footnotes
1 Excluding loans and advances to central banks and credit institutions.
2 The analysis shown in lines 'non-financial corporations' and 'households' is non-additive across categories as certain customers could be in both categories.
3 CET1 includes regulatory deductions, primarily comprising deferred tax assets and intangible assets amounting to EUR124,650 thousand and EUR88,407 thousand as at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 respectively.
4 Following the Regulation (EU) 2016/445 of the ECB of 14 March 2016 on the exercise of options and discretions available in Union law (ECB/2016/4), the deferred tax asset phase-in period reduced from 10 to 5 years, with effect as from the reporting of 31 December 2016.
5 Includes Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA)
6 Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans. This adjustment has decreased the gross balance of loans and advances to customers.
7 Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans.
8 Per EBA guidelines no disclosure is required.
9 Amounts presented are before fair value adjustment on initial recognition relating to the loans and advances to customers acquired as part of the acquisition of certain operations of Laiki Bank in 2013 and originated credit impaired loans.
10 Per EBA guidelines no disclosure is required.
11 Includes all exposures for which an issue/issuer or country rating (where applicable) is not available or they follow uniform regulatory treatment under the standardized approach of the CRR.
12 Includes all exposures for which an issue/issuer or country rating (where applicable) is not available or they follow uniform regulatory treatment under the standardised approach of the CRR.
This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
END
IR GLGDIDBDBGRC
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
August 29, 2017 03:52 ET (07:52 GMT)
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