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CSOL China Solar and Clean Energy Solutions Inc (PK)

0.0111
0.00 (0.00%)
19 Jul 2024 - Closed
Delayed by 15 minutes
Share Name Share Symbol Market Type
China Solar and Clean Energy Solutions Inc (PK) USOTC:CSOL OTCMarkets Common Stock
  Price Change % Change Share Price Bid Price Offer Price High Price Low Price Open Price Shares Traded Last Trade
  0.00 0.00% 0.0111 0.0001 0.036 0.00 21:15:17

- Annual Report (10-K)

15/04/2009 10:31pm

Edgar (US Regulatory)



FORM 10-K
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
(MARK ONE)
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2008
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from _______________ to _________________
 
Commission file number:                          000-12561                                              
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Nevada
 
95-3819300
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
     
Building 3 No. 28, Feng Tai North Road,
Beijing, China
 
100071
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 10-63850516
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:  None
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
 
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of Class)
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ¨   Yes      x   No
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨   Yes      x   No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   x   Yes      ¨   No
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
   Smaller reporting company x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨   Yes      x   No
 
The aggregate market value of the 11,342,439 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the registrant held by non-affiliates on  June 30, 2008 was $15,879,415 , which was computed upon the basis of the closing price $1.40 on that date.
 
There were 16,173,016 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding as of April 12, 2009
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference: None.

 
 

 

Table of Contents

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements And Other Information Contained In This Report  
Currency

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I
         
           
Item 1.
Business
    4  
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
    19  
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
    19  
Item 2.
Properties
    19  
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
    20  
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
    21  
           
PART II
         
           
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
    22  
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
    23  
Item 7.
M anagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    23  
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    32  
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data
    32  
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
    32  
Item 9A(T).
Controls and Procedures
    32  
Item 9B.
Other Information
    34  
           
PART III
         
           
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
    35  
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
    38  
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
    40  
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
    41  
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
    41  
           
PART IV
         
           
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
    42  
 
 
 
2

 

PART I

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “the Company” refer to China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2008, and information we provide in our Annual Report to Stockholders, press releases, telephonic reports and other investor communications, including those on our website, may contain forward-looking statements with respect to anticipated future events and our projected financial performance, operations and competitive position that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements and our expectations.

Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “expects,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “should,” “intends,” “estimates” and other words of similar meaning. These statements constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our then current beliefs, projections and estimates with respect to future events and our projected financial performance, operations and competitive position.

Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to finance our operations, the effectiveness, profitability and the marketability of our services, our ability to protect our proprietary information, general economic and business conditions, the impact of technological developments and competition, adverse results of any legal proceedings, the impact of current, pending or future legislation and regulation of the solar power industry, our ability to enter into acceptable relationships with one or more manufacturers for solar panel components and the ability of such contract manufacturers to manufacture products or components of an acceptable quality on a cost-effective basis, our ability to attract or retain qualified senior management personnel, including sales and marketing and technical personnel and other risks detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC, including those described at the end of Item 1 below. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

 
3

 

ITEM 1.
BUSINESS

Business of the Company

Overview

We manufacture and distribute solar water heaters, renewable energy solutions, and space heating devices in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”).  Our product line consists of solar hot water heaters, multifunctional space heating products,. Waste heat recovery systems and energy-saving heating product resales.  Our business is conducted through our wholly owned PRC based operating subsidiaries, Bazhou Deli Solar Energy Heating Co. Ltd. (“Bazhou Deli Solar”) and Bazhou Deli Solar Energy Heating Co.Ltd.(“Bazhou Deli Solar”) and our majority owned Tianjin Huaneng Group Energy Equipment Co., Ltd.(“Tianjin Huaneng”) and Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation (“SZPSP”).

Growth Strategy

Organic and Acquisition Oriented Growth

Our business strategy includes organic growth through our core businesses and acquisition oriented growth through opportunistic acquisitions and investments.  As part of our business strategy, we review acquisition and strategic investment prospects that we believe would complement our current product offerings, increase our market coverage or enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities.  In addition, we also consider opportunities related to investing in new businesses and we expect to make investments in, and to acquire businesses, products, or technologies in the future.

One of the key factors for enhancing our organic growth is our human resources growth strategy. We plan to strengthen our technical capability through recruiting specialized personnel, internal training and outside technology collaborations, including our technical research and development and support services, which will help facilitate our plan to enter into the high-end solar technology market. At the same time, we expect to recruit management executives to help execute our growth oriented strategies. Another key factor in the development of our core business and markets is our emphasis on brand recognition. We plan to increase the amount and type of our product advertisements, establish a nationwide sales channel and export channel, hold technology promotion conferences, increase public relations activities and create an after-sales service network.

Governmental Environmental Policy Support

In “The Guidelines of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” authorized by the tenth session of PRC National People's Congress, provided that the energy consumption per unit of GDP should be reduced by approximately 20% percent and that the total major pollutant emissions should be reduced by 10%. In addition, the Energy Conversation Law was enacted in 2008 along with the Guidelines for Public Building Energy Conservation and the Guidelines for Civilian Building Energy Conservation. These policies provide huge business opportunities for the low-carbon industries, including energy conservation, renewable energy and new energy industries. Since solar energy is considered a renewable energy, its application and promotion are vigorously supported by the PRC government. We believe that such government policies can help us increase our solar energy water heater sales in China and also further increase our growth opportunities in other low-carbon industries and develop new markets.
 
4

 
Low-Carbon Industry Opportunities

The PRC government’s policy to reduce the CO2 emissions provides significant business opportunities for the low-carbon industry. Our investments in this area will include direct investments, technical collaborations and market cooperation. Opportunities in the low-carbon market include performance of energy efficiency evaluations, energy conservation programs, and energy conversion options, utilization of renewable energy, clean energy and new energy alternatives. We plan to recruit professionals with expertise in energy efficiency evaluation services and provide energy conservation and conversion services through the EPC method (Energy Performance Contracting). The potential market for energy conservation in China is very large, and the investment costs for such industry is relatively low. We believe that if we can successfully recruit personnel with technological expertise and develop marketable technological products to address the low-carbon industry market, our business in this market should develop rapidly.

Rural Market Opportunities

We market our products in both the urban and the rural markets in the PRC. While most solar hot water manufacturers focus on the urban market, we have always focused on the rural market because the size of the rural market in the PRC is about eight times larger than that of the urban market. Further, our rural customers regard purchasing a hot water heater as a long term investment in a durable good, more so than urban customers.

We have eight years of marketing and sales experience in rural areas. Presently, we sell our solar water heaters and space heaters primarily in the rural areas of the north-east part of the PRC including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning, where there is prolonged sunny and dry weather.  Our marketing and sales team works with our agents to educate our end users and inform them of the utility, functionality and comparative cost advantages of our products as compared to electricity and gas water heaters. As a result of the feedback from rural customers. We have been able to design our products to meet their specific needs and concerns.

Technical Capabilities

We will enhance our technical strength through recruiting high-end technical professionals, especially the inventors who have the rights to the patents in the relevant fields. At the same time, we plan to establish strategic alliances with national scientific and research institutions in the energy field. In addition, we further plan on developing the collaborations with industrial design institutions and large construction corporations, capitalizing on the production capacity of Tianjin Huaneng and its ability to participate in the bids of EPC projects (Engineering/Procurement/Construction Contractor).

Brand Strategy

 Brand identity.

We further plan on strengthening our corporate identification system (CIS) to transform our core culture into a vigorous slogan though repetition in our advertisements, enterprise outward appearances, product packaging and product instruction booklets, as well as in various promotional activities and public relations events. We will use the same slogan to create a unified image to the public for all of our different brands.

Advertising

Based on various advertising effectiveness studies in the PRC, we believe that large scale advertising on TV and other mass media can have a significant impact on rural residential purchase decisions. We spent approximately $1,423,914, or 2.7% of sales, on advertising in 2008 compared to $1,415,493, or 3.8% of sales, on advertising in 2007.

Business Promotion .
As a specialty product manufacturer, technical seminars and public relations activities are an important part for our business. We need to communicate with our customers with regard to the company and our culture, technology, values and services and we also invite the participation of governmental officers, who are responsible for the development of energy, financial and tax and technology policies, in our activities. In addition, we organize activities for various industries for them to communicate and exchange ideas about their technologies. Such activities help promote our company and its efforts and products.

 
5

 

Our Multi-Brand Strategy

In order to position our products in different tiers of markets, we have utilized a multi-brand approach. Our solar hot water heater brands include: “Ailiyang,” “De Yu” and “Deli Solar.” Ailiyang is not a registered trademark. Our space heating brands include "De Yu" and "Du Deli". Each of these brands targets a different type of customer. We classify the brand names of the solar hot heaters into three types: Premium, Standard, and Economy, and space heating products into two types: Premium and Standard. Below are some of our products and related brand names and classifications:


Our Brand Name
 
Classification 
  Solar Water Heaters
   
Deli Solar
 
Premium
     
DeYu
 
Standard
Space Heating Series
   
     
Du Deli
 
Premium
     
DeYu
 
Standard

We intend to achieve the following objectives through the Multi-Brand Strategy:
 
·
to target different products in different tiers of the same geographical market;
 
·
to eliminate agency dominance in a regional market by granting non-exclusive agencies to more than one distributor in a region;
 
·
to create competition among agents by assigning only one specific brand of our products to one distributor in a sales region so that each different distributor will be responsible for selling a brand different from other distributors in the same geographical region. We periodically evaluate the performance of distributors in the same region, and then provide suggestions to help them perform better. In addition, we also encourage them to increase sales of our premium products; and
 
·
to increase the market share of our products.

Our distribution and agency network
 
We use a network of wholesalers, dealers and retailers to distribute our products. After we manufacture and assemble our products, we sell them to our wholesalers, generally located in major cities or provincial hubs, who then sell our products on to a network of smaller distributors, or dealers, in outlying areas. Sometimes when the dealers are closer to our warehouse, we also sell directly to dealers to simplify the payment process and reduce transportation costs. Because these dealers are usually developed by the wholesalers, each direct sale to a dealer will be recorded on the account of the wholesaler who developed the business relationship with such dealer. Our end users purchase their products from either wholesalers or dealers, who also handle the installation and warranty service of the systems for the end users.  We also have a marketing department consisting of approximately 87 marketing and sales personnel who collect feedback from our customers and other market information for our management and our product development team. In 2009, we plan on developing certain foreign markets, and establishing the regional sales and service networks through cooperating with local agencies.

Our After-Sales Services Network

We are in the process of implementing an after-sales services network in parallel with our national sales and distribution network. Our after-sales services are primarily performed by our sales agents and distributors. We have begun to provide technical training to our 300 domestic distributors in order to provide after-sales services to our end users. The local distributors are very enthusiastic about having the ability to provide after-sales services to the end users, which also provides the distributors with a new source of revenue. One additional benefit to us provided by the after-sales services network is the ability to receive product feedback from our end users on a constant basis. We can use this information to continuously adjust our production plans, product designs, inventory control and marketing and sales strategies. Based on the most current customer feedback. With respect to our export markets, we request that our local general agents attend our training courses in China, and that when they sell our products in their home countries, that they establish service networks in such countries to fulfill the same service standards and policies as ours.

 
6

 

Corporate Organization and History

Corporate Structure

The following diagram sets forth our current corporate structure:


_______________________

*Neither China Solar nor Deli Solar (BVI) has any operations or currently intend to have any operations in the future other than acting as a holding company and management company for Bazhou Deli Solar and Beijing Deli Solar and raising capital for their operations.

Corporate History

China Solar & Clean Air

We were formerly known as Deli Solar (USA), Inc. until October 29, 2007 when we changed we changed our name to China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc.   Deli Solar (USA), Inc. was formerly known as Meditech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Meditech”).  Meditech was incorporated in Nevada on March 21, 1983.  On August 15, 2005, Meditech changed its name from Meditech to Deli Solar (USA), Inc. and completed a one of six reverse stock split of the common stock. On August 29, 2005 Meditech completed a spin-off of its drug development business to East West Distributors, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiary.

 
7

 

Bazhou Deli Solar

 Deli Solar, founded in 1997, designs, manufactures and sells renewable energy systems to produce hot water and for space heating in the PRC. Bazhou Deli Solar’s principal products are solar hot water heaters and multifunctional space heating products, including coal-fired boilers for residential use. Bazhou Deli Solar also sells component parts for its systems, and provides after-sales maintenance and repair services.

In 2004, Deli Solar (BVI), was organized as a limited liability company under the International Business Companies Act of the British Virgin Islands by Mr. Deli Du of Bazhou City, Hebei Province, PRC and others (with Mr. Du owning 80 %) as a holding company for Bazhou Deli Solar.  On August 1, 2004, Deli Solar (BVI) purchased all the capital stock of Bazhou Deli Solar from Messrs. Deli Du, his brother Xiaosan Du and Xiao'er Du, for RMB 6,800,000 (approximately $879,920). As a result of that transaction, Bazhou Deli Solar became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) under PRC law, by virtue of its status as a wholly-owned subsidiary of a foreign company, Deli Solar (BVI).

Reverse Merger and Financing

On March 31, 2005, Meditech entered into a stock contribution agreement with the shareholders of Deli Solar (BVI) under which Meditech acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Deli Solar (BVI) in exchange for the issuance to the shareholders of Deli Solar (BVI) of 4,067,964 shares of Meditech’s common stock. In connection with such stock contribution, we received net proceeds of $5,748,015 from the sale of 1,642,990 shares of common stock and warrants to a number of accredited investors in a private placement (adjusted to give effect to the one-for-six reverse stock split of the common stock, which became effective on August 15, 2005).

As a result of foregoing transactions, the former shareholders of Deli Solar (BVI) (including Mr. Du) became holders of a majority of the common stock of Meditech and Deli Solar (BVI) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Meditech. Following (i) Mr. Du's purchase of the 56,259 shares from a third party for $500,000, (ii) the issuance to him of the additional 3,254,371 shares in exchange for his 80% of the outstanding shares of Deli Solar (BVI) and (iii) the simultaneous issuance by us of an additional 1,642,990 shares to accredited investors in the private placement, Mr. Du became the owner of 57% of our issued and outstanding common stock.

Beijing Deli Solar

During the quarter ended June 30, 2006, we established a new wholly owned subsidiary, Beijing Deli Solar to further develop our business in Beijing. We contributed $1 million into Beijing Deli Solar for its registered capital.  Beijing Deli Solar is principally engaged in the installation of large solar water heaters in construction projects in major cities in the PRC, including Beijing.

Tianjin Huaneng

Tianjin Huaneng, incorporated in 1987, manufactures and installs waste heat recovery systems.  Tianjin Huaneng’s products are sold in more than 28 provinces in the PRC as well as Singapore, Indonesia, and North Korea. Tianjin Huaneng was a state-owned enterprise with 51% of its equity formerly-owned by Tianjin Municipal Ji County State-owned Assets Administration Commission (“SAAC”) and 49% owned by the employees.  On May 18, 2007, Beijing Deli Solar entered into an agreement with SAAC to purchase 51% of the equity interests in Tianjin Huaneng for a purchase price of RMB24,100,000 (approximately $3.1 million). The transaction closed on July 1, 2007 and we paid approximately $1,575,600 in July 2007. By supplemental agreement between the parties dated August 8, 2007, the purchase price was reduced to approximately $1,689,741. However in addition to the purchase price we are required to pay a finder’s fee of approximately $769,418.  In addition, Beijing Deli Solar assumed 51% of the liabilities of Tianjin Huaneng and contributed RMB20,000,000 (approximately $2.6 million) as working capital to Tianjin Huaneng. Beijing Deli Solar also agreed to employ the 550 current Tianjin Huaneng employees pursuant to new three year employment contracts.

 
8

 

On October 27, 2008, Beijing Deli Solar entered into an agreement to acquire approximately 29.97% of the outstanding equity interest of Tianjin Huaneng, from the minority shareholders of Tianjin Huaneng for a cash purchase price of RMB 10.68 million (approximately $1.5 million).  In addition, we agreed to issue to the Tianjin Huaneng shareholders a total of 1,000,000 five year warrants to purchase our common stock at an exercise price of $1.10 per share.  We also agreed to increase its equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng by contributing an additional RMB 15,740,000 (approximately $2.3 million) to the registered capital of Tianjin Huaneng.  As a result of the consummation of the agreement and the additional capital contribution, we now own approximately 91.82% of the equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng.

Tianjin is a city in the PRC which is approximately 50 miles from Beijing and has a population of approximately 10.24 million (as of December 31, 2004), and is one of only four municipal cities directly governed by the central government in China.

Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation

SZPSP, incorporated in1993, is principally engaged in the resale of energy-saving heating products such as heat pipes, heat exchangers, pressure water boilers, solar energy water heaters and radiators.  SZPSP is also operating a distribution facility in Shenzhen, PRC.  On March 31, 2008 Beijing Deli Solar acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of SZPSP from its three shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of RMB 28,800,000 (approximately $4 million) in cash, 1,419,729 shares of our common stock, and five year warrants to purchase 141,973 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share (subject to adjustment).  Beijing Deli Solar has the right to elect a majority of the board members of SZPSP. The three shareholders agreed to loan the cash purchase price back to the Beijing Deli Solar to be used as working capital. Fifty (50%) of the principal amount of this loan was required to be repaid within one year and the remaining balance is required to be repaid within two years.  In addition to the payment of the cash purchase price, we paid RMB 20 million for SZPSP’s trademarks and other intangible assets which was paid by the issuance of 1,419,729 shares of our common stock. We agreed that if on the first anniversary of the closing our common stock price is lower than the share price ($2), we will pay the difference.

SZPSP warranted that if (i) for the year ended December 31, 2008 its sales revenues are less than RMB 99 million (approximately $13,670,068) or its after-tax net profits are less than RMB 9.43 million (approximately $1,302,108) or (ii) for the year ended December 31, 2009, sales revenues are less than RMB 143.9 million (approximately $19,868,336) or its after-tax net profits are less than RMB 12.13 million (approximately $1,674,789), SZPSP will pay the difference between the revenue and the targeted revenue of the year specified by reducing the amount payable on the shareholders’ loan. If the shareholders’ loan is not sufficient to pay the difference, the common shares held by SZPSP will be returned to us to the extent necessary for the remaining balance.

Executive Offices

Our executive office is located at Building 3, No. 28 Feng Tai North Road, Beijing, China, 100071 and our telephone number is 10-63850516.

Products

Solar Water Heater Products

Our solar water heaters are primarily used to generate hot water for residential use.  We manufacture two types of solar hot water heaters: evacuated tubular solar water heaters and flat plate solar water heaters. There are two major types of evacuated tubular solar water heaters: standard evacuated tubular solar water heaters and evacuated heat pipe solar water heaters.  Approximately 47 % of our total revenues for 2008 were derived from sales of our solar water heaters stayed the same percentage compared to 47% of our total revenues for 2007.

Solar water heaters use sunlight to heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid in collectors. The solar collector is mounted on or near a house facing south. As sunlight passes through the collector's glazing, it strikes an absorbing material. This material converts sunlight into heat, and the glazing prevents the heat from escaping. The two most common types of solar collectors used in solar water heaters in the PRC market are evacuated tube collectors and glazed flat plates. Solar-heated water is stored in an insulated tank until use. Hot water is drawn off the tank when tap water is used, and cold make-up water enters at the bottom of the tank. Solar water heaters tend to have a slightly larger hot water storage capacity than conventional water heaters. This is because solar heat is available only during the day and sufficient hot water must be collected to meet evening and morning requirements.

 
9

 

Heat Pipe Related Products

We also manufacture waste heat recovery systems, heating products such as heating pipes, heat exchangers, specialty heating pipes and tubes, high temperature hot blast stoves, heating filters, normal pressure water boilers, and radiators.  These products are used primarily in manufacturing facilities in which the manufacturing processes require the generation of large amounts of heat, such as steel and chemical plants. The waste heat can be used to generate hot water at the manufacturing facilities.  Sales of these products and systems comprised approximately 31 % of our total sales revenues in 2008 compared to 19% of our total revenues for 2007.

Boilers and Space Heating Products
 
We also manufacture boilers, furnaces, stove heating, and space heating products, Most of our boilers and space heating products are coal-fired, small scale units for residential space heating and cooking.

We manufacture more than 80 types of boilers, furnaces, space heating and stove cooking products. Separated by functions and use, our boilers, furnaces and stove heating products can be divided into three types: (i) combined cooking and space heating, comprising approximately 60% of our sales of boilers and space heating products, (ii) combined shower and space heating, comprising approximately 10% of our sales of boiler and space heating products, and (iii) multifunctional shower, cooking and space heating, comprising approximately 30% of our sales of boilers and space heating products.

We have also developed two environmentally friendly boilers: smokeless coal-fired boilers and bio-materials furnaces. The former does not produce smoke and the latter utilizes waste materials such as dry hay to generate heat. The development of these products has been completed and we have sent samples of these products to our distributors. As of the date of this report we have not made significant sales of these environmentally friendly new products.

Integrated Solar Heating  Packages
 
A number of our products are being used in complete building integrated solar heating packages, which integrate our solar hot water and space heating systems directly into the construction of new multi-family dwellings, commercial office buildings and industrial developments. In September 2008, we signed a contract to be the sole supplier of solar water-heating systems to the Overseas Chinese Village in Shenzhen City (the” Village”). The Overseas Chinese Village is a residential community for overseas Chinese in Shenzhen. It spans over 125 acres and contains a total of 22 high-rise buildings. The Village is believed to be the largest residential project in China to rely completely on solar-heated water. We will be supplying and installing its state-of-the-art solar water-heating systems throughout the residential area. The contract is valued at approximately $3.5 million.  

Waste Heat Recovery Systems and Energy-Saving Industrial Kilns

Tianjin Huaneng has twenty-years experience in waste heat recovery. Its waste heat recovery systems and energy-saving heating products have excellent reputations in the marketplace and have a loyal customer following in the chemical and metallurgic fields. Based upon Tianjin Huaneng’s technical strength and production capacity, we plan on revising its operational procedures and modifying its technologies to increase its production capacity and reduce its operating costs. In addition, we prepare to cooperate with the prestigious domestic industrial design institutions to increase the production capacity of energy-saving industrial kilns in 2009.

New Product Pipeline
 
We have the following products in the product planning and developing stage:

 
10

 
 
Photovoltaic powered water heaters . We are in the process of improving the physical performance of photovoltaic powered water heaters. Photovoltaic technology (PV) is a technology that converts solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic modules or panels are made of semiconductors that allow sunlight to be converted directly into electricity. These modules can provide customers with a safe, reliable, maintenance-free and environmentally friendly source of power for a very long time. This system consists of a photovoltaic array connected to several resistive heating elements within a water storage tank. The PV array produces electrical power during periods of solar irradiation and this power is immediately dissipated in the resistive elements.  We believe that the following factors make photovoltaic powered water heaters an attractive addition to our existing product line:
 
 
·
severe electricity shortages for the PRC's grid-connected residents,
 
·
the complete absence of grid electricity for millions of others and the poor prospect of improvement via incremental central station capacity and grid development in the near future, and
 
·
The abundance of solar energy resource in the PRC and an active rural banking system.
 
Our sales of photovoltaic powered water heaters have not been significant thus far.
 
Densely Covered Regular Tubular Heaters . We have developed a new solar water heater which is designed with densely covered evacuated tubes to improve heating efficiency with only a small cost increase. As an updated regular evacuated tubular heater, this product installs more tubes in one square meter than normal products do. For instance, it has ten tubes on one collector while others only have eight.  

Manufacturing
 
Process, Cost, and Capacity

Bazhou Deli Solar assembles and manufactures most of its products in its own production facility in Bazhou. Tianjin Huaneng assembles and manufactures most of its products in its own production facility in Tianjin. SZPSP assembles and manufactures most of its products in its own production facility in Shenzhen. Our senior manufacturing personnel include a number of professional engineers and senior technology consultants. Bazhou Deli Solar utilizes an automated production line for the manufacture of water tanks, while our other products are manufactured utilizing manual labor.

Set forth below is certain information regarding our current manufacturing capacity:

Current Manufacturing Capacity

   
Daily Unit No.
   
Annual Unit No.)
 
             
Solar Water Heaters
    500       133,000  
                 
Boilers and Space Heating Products
    120       26,000  
                 
Biomass Stove
    100       21,700  

Raw Materials and Principal Suppliers
 
The primary raw materials for manufacturing our products are stainless steel plate, vacuum tubes, iron and regular steel plate. These raw materials are generally available on the market and Bazhou Deli Solar has not experienced any raw material shortage in the past. Because of the general availability of these raw materials, it has not been our standard practice to enter into long-term contracts or arrangements with most of our raw materials suppliers. We believe that this gives us the flexibility to select the most suitable suppliers based on product quality and price terms provided by suppliers each year. We generally have at least three suppliers that are pre-approved for each raw material supply. However, this arrangement does not provide any guarantee that necessary raw materials will continue to be available at prices or delivery terms acceptable to us.

 
11

 
 
During the past three years, we have purchased stainless steel plate primarily from Lingyi Co. in Shandong Province. Our three principal suppliers of vacuum tubes have been Shangdong Taian Co., Beijing Linuo Co. and Beijing Tianpu Co. Our principal supplier of steel and iron plate has been the local market in Bazhou City, where Bazhou Deli Solar is located, which has approximately 100 steel suppliers. We do not rely on any particular suppliers to procure other raw materials.

Quality Control

Our manufacturing processes follow strict guidelines and standard operating procedures that we believe are compliant with ISO 14000. Our products are routinely tested as are individual aspects of our production. Bazhou Deli Solar is in the process of applying for ISO 14000 certification and anticipates that the certification will be issued by the end of 2008.   SZPSP has been issued ISO9001: 2000 certification.

Because of our stringent quality control system, most of our products are certified by governmental quality control testing centers, such as the Institute of China Product Quality Association, Hebei Province New Energy Products and Projects Quality Control and Testing Center, and Beijing Technology Supervisory Bureau. We also received awards from Hebei Province Consumers Organization and Hebei Province Administration of Industry and Commerce, as well as endorsement from the China Rural Areas Energy Industry Association. The following table sets forth the brands of our products that are certified by Beijing Technology Supervisory Bureau to have met the National Industry Standard NY-T 343-1998, which is the testing standard for solar hot water heaters' thermal power:

Brands
 
Products
 
Model Numbers
 
           
Deli Solar Brand
   
Solar Water Heaters
   
DLYG-12/75
 
               
Ailiyang Brand
   
Solar Water Heaters
   
ALY-12/75
 
               
Dudeli Brand
   
Solar Water Heaters
   
DDL-12/75
 
               
Deyu Brand
   
Solar Water Heaters
   
DY-12/75
 

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Arrangement

During the peak season when our production capacity falls short of the market demand, we assemble and manufacture products through OEM arrangements. Under a typical OEM arrangement, we authorize an OEM to manufacture products under our brand names and/or trademarks. We achieve quality control over products manufactured under such OEM arrangement by sending our technicians on site to supervise the production and test the products. During fiscal year 2007, we contracted with two OEMs, Shandong Xin Xing Solar Power Heater Co., Ltd. and Lian Yun Gang Solar Power Heating Co Ltd.

Manufacturing through OEM arrangements comprises approximately 30% to 40% of our total sales during the peak season. For 2007, the two OEM generated an aggregate of 40% of our annual revenues. The OEM manufacturers typically receive approximately 1% of the gross sales from the products they manufacture for us. Most of the OEM manufacturers we select are located near areas where products are demanded, thereby minimizing transportation costs.

 
12

 

Demand for Our Products

The majority of the demand for our solar water heaters and space heaters is from residential households in the PRC, particularly in rural areas. Presently, we sell our solar water heaters and space heaters primarily in the rural areas of the north-east part of the PRC including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning, where there is prolonged sunny and dry weather.

We believe the rural residential market has additional growth potential because it is an emerging market where we have encountered relatively little competition. Historically, the PRC's rural households have used primitive means of generating hot water and space heating by using biomass, local agricultural wastes, and/or kerosene. As the PRC's rural population has been earning incremental discretionary income in recent years, modern hot water and space heating systems have become increasingly affordable and a priority for discretionary spending.

Due to the national policies for saving energy and reducing the emission of pollutants, as well as the fundamental needs for manufacturing enterprises to efficiently utilize energy and reduce production costs, there remains a strong demand for our waste heat recovery systems and energy-saving heating products in the near term. Tianjin Huaneng will primarily be responsible for the production of energy conservation and waste heat recycling products. However, non-polluting production technology products will gradually replace the currently adopted low-end technology in the industrial market. The product line of Tianjin Huaneng will also gradually turn into the design and production of energy-saving industrial kilns.

Seasonality of Business

Our sales fluctuate, reflecting seasonal variations in solar energy supply during the four seasons.  We have higher sales of solar hot water products in the spring because solar hot water heaters perform the best during the summer when solar energy is abundant. High sales volumes for coal boilers occur in the fall because customers purchase our space heating products for the winter. Sales volumes for our products tend to be lower between January and March.
Our Product Warranty

We provide a three-year standard warranty to our end users for all of the products we manufacture. Under this standard warranty program, we provide free repair and exchange of component parts in the first year following the purchase, and we charge labor costs for repair and maintenance but provide free exchange of component parts in the second and third years following the purchase. Thereafter, end users are required to pay for any repair and maintenance services, as well as exchange of component parts. Most of our warranty services are performed by our independent sales agents and distributors in return for a 1-2% discount of the purchase price they pay for our products. According to the standard terms of our agreement   with sales agents, we allow our sales agents and distributors to return any defective product for exchange.

Distribution

The PRC is a vast country geographically and the market for our products covers many regions. To penetrate the market effectively, especially the less-developed rural areas, we have established a vast distribution and sales network that includes approximately 800 distributors and wholesalers and approximately 2,001 local appliance retailers covering 26 provinces in China, with a focus on the northern PRC area, north-eastern PRC area, Beijing metropolitan area, and Tianjin metropolitan area. The northern PRC area includes Hebei Province, Henan Province, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province, and An'hui Province. The north-eastern PRC area includes Liaoning Province and Heilongjiang Province.   Sales to these areas consist of approximately 70% of our total sales revenues. We believe that our comprehensive distribution and sales network enables us to efficiently service the rural communities without having to rely on any particular agent or distributor for our sales. In the past five years, no single agent or distributor has generated more than 5% of our total annual sales.

 
13

 

We are able to attract a large number of distributors, sales agents, and retailers for the following reasons:

 
·
We produce both solar hot water heaters and boilers, while the majority of manufacturers in the PRC normally produce only one type of product. Sales of solar hot water heaters and boilers are both affected by seasonality. Since our solar hot water heaters are in high demand in the spring and boilers are in high demand in the fall, the combined production of solar hot water heaters and boilers allows us to provide our distributors, wholesalers and retailers with salable products throughout the year.

 
·
We carefully select our distributors and provide support to them. Our contracts with our wholesalers and distributors normally have a three- to five-year term. While most of our agency and distributor contracts are non-exclusive, we are seeking to establish exclusive distribution relationships with some strong distributors. We require new sales agents to deposit a significant amount of cash as a down payment towards the purchase of our systems. We consider the following factors in our selection of a new distributor or wholesaler: (i) local solar energy status and market potential; (ii) local competition; (iii) sales and market potential in the covered area; (iv) presence of alternatives, such as gas or electricity; and (iv) credibility of the candidate.  For each candidate we select, we enter into an agency contract with it, under which we provide warranty cards, product testing certificates, product brochures, and other promotional materials. In addition, we help them design store logos and show rooms, provide them with uniforms, and assist them to make marketing plans.

Research and Development Activities
 
Currently, we have a R&D team of three full time members and part time research assistants. Our senior engineer members include: Luo Yunjun, who also serves as the chairman of Beijing Solar Industry Association, and Hao Fangzhou, who also serves as the chairman of the Chinese Economic Boiler Association.
 
In February 2006, we executed a non binding Cooperation Memorandum (the “Memo”) with the Key Laboratory of Heat Transmission and Energy Saving Education of Beijing University of Industry (“BUI”) in February 2006 for cooperation on research and development of renewable energy technologies. The Memo sets forth a general cooperation framework between the two parties: we make available funding for certain renewable energy research and development projects undertaken by BUI. Further details of each party’s rights and obligations will be on a project by project basis with specific agreements. To date we have not incurred any expenses under this arrangement.

Intellectual Property
 
Trademarks

Bazhou Deli Solar is the holder of the following trademarks registered with the Trademark Offices of the PRC National Industrial and Commerce Administrative Bureau (the “PRC Trademark Offices”):

Trademark
 
Authorized Scope
 
Valid Term
 
Certificate Number
 
               
Deli Solar
   
Boiler (Space Heating Utility);
   
03/14/2003
   
to 1978396
 
     
Solar Hot Water Utility;
   
03/13/2013
       
     
Solar Stove and Solar Energy
             
     
Collection Heater
             
                     
Du Deli
   
The same as the above
   
01/28/2003
   
to 1978532
 
           
01/27/2013
       
                     
De Yu
   
Solar Energy Collection Heat
   
07/28/1998
   
to 1195609
 
     
and Boiler (Not machine accessory)
   
07/27/2008
       
                     
Aili Solar (to replace our brand “Ailiyang”)
 
Approved, pending the trademark certificate delivery
 
14

 
A registered trademark is protected for a term of ten years, renewable for another term of ten years under the trademark law of the PRC, so long as an application for renewal is submitted to the PRC Trademark Offices within six months prior to the expiration of the initial term.
 
Patents

SZPSP has obtained the following patents in the PRC for its unique solar energy selective absorbing coat and manufacturing technology:

Authorized Scope
 
Valid Term
 
Certificate Number
 
           
Cold water recovery system in solar heating
   
2015
   
ZL200620016815X
 
Recycle Heating Product in different temperature system
   
n/a
   
Application
submitted 7/4/06 UPDATE
 
 
Domain names

We own and operate a website under the internet domain name http://www.delisolar.com . Traffic to our other internet domain names www.AiLiYang.com are directed to that website. SZPSP owns and operates a website under the internet domain name http://www.szpsp.com .

Logos

Our brand logos are the following:

 
15

 

Industry

The PRC's Economic Growth, Energy Shortage and Renewable Energy Policy
 
The rapid economic growth of the PRC in recent years has fueled a massive demand for coal, oil and gas, which has caused a depletion in the country’s coal and oil reserves and a resulting shortage in supply, as well as serious environmental problems. Recognizing that accelerating the country's transition to efficient and renewable energy would ease this depletion and the environmental concerns, the National People's Congress, the PRC's parliament, passed the China Renewable Energy Promotion Act, which became effective on January 1, 2006. The Act aims to promote the use of renewable energy as an alternative source of energy to the more polluting fuels. Renewable energy currently accounts for a negligible percentage of the country’s total energy supply. The Act, however, does not provide for any incentive schemes for purchasers.
 
Urban and Rural Market Segmentation for Hot Water and Space Heating Systems in China
 
Recently the market for hot water and space heating systems in the PRC has shown substantial growth. According to a research conducted by the China Hardware Products Association and the China Information Center in 2002, only 71.5% of urban households had modern hot water systems. We do not know the number of rural households that currently have hot water systems but believe that it significantly less due to the fact that modern hot water and heating systems have still not become available to and are not affordable in many households in the country. Only recently have some of these households started to earn the disposable income required to purchase the hot water and space heating systems.
 

In the rural areas of the PRC the infrastructure is insufficient to facilitate delivery of conventional energy solutions that are available in more developed countries. The infrastructure to deliver natural gas or propane, two of the most common energy sources used in the United States, for example, are not well developed in the PRC, even in larger cities. As to electrical energy, while it has become more available in the urban areas of the PRC, it remains much less available in rural areas. Large portions of the PRC's rural areas are not electrified or connected to the electric grid and approximately 60% of rural communities that are grid-connected experience serious shortages of electricity. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratories Eleven rural counties with a population of approximately 70 million have no electricity at all.  In addition, the cost of electricity is high in many rural areas, making it impractical for hot water and space heating purposes.
 
We believe that in most provinces of the PRC, solar-generated hot water for rural home use is the most available and economical solution. Compared with electricity, natural gas or propane, we believe that solar hot water is more available, less expensive and more suitable to rural household needs as shown in the following table.
 
Cost Economics of Solar Water Heaters
 
(in $USD)
 
Solar
 
Gas
 
Electric
 
               
Initial Equipment Cost
   
241
 
120
   
72
 
                   
Engineering Life (Years)
   
15
 
6
   
5
 
                   
Equipment Cost (15 years)
   
241
 
300
   
216
 
                   
Annual Additional Energy Cost
   
0
 
98
   
81
 
                   
Total Operating Cost (15 years)
   
241
 
1,770
   
1,431
 
 
Projected Growth of Solar Hot Water Industry
 
The PRC solar hot water industry is an emerging, but fast growing industry. It has experienced an annual growth rate of approximately 30% since 1999 as measured by the square meters of systems installed. The Solar Energy Usage Commission of the PRC Rural Energy Industry Association and the PRC Renewable Energy Industries Association project such growth to continue at an annual average rate of 27.36% until 2015 as shown in the following table:

 
16

 

   
Annual Sales
     
1999 A
 
5.0 million m(2 )
     
2000 A
 
6.0 million m(2 )
     
2001 A
 
8.0 million m(2 )
     
2002 A
 
10.0 million m(2 )
     
2003 A
 
12.0 million m(2 )
     
2004 A
 
16.2 million m(2 )
     
2015 F
 
232.0 million m(2 )

A = actual. F = forecast. Source : China Solar Hot Water Industries Development and Research Report (2001-2003), jointly published by the solar energy association and commission described above.

The market prospects for the solar energy industry has been recognized by more and more countries, businesses and financial sector. Many developed countries and regions have to develop photovoltaic development p lan. By 2010, the United States plans to install 4.6GW, the EU plans to install 3.7GW, Japan plans to install 5GW, and other developing countries plan to install 1.5GW, with the world s accumulated installation expected to be 14-15GW with anticipated sales revenue of US $ 3 0 billion dollars. According to long-term renewable energy development planning by 2010, China's solar photovoltaic will reach a total capacity of 400MW and 2020, it is expected to reach 2200MW.
 
Similarly, solar water heaters market will become more mature. According to the Chinese Solar Energy Society by 2010, Chinese solar water heater production will reach 30 million square meters,  keeping volume will reach 150 milli on square meters, a thousand people have 109 square meters to share, and by 2020, it is predicted that production will reach 45 million square meters, keeping volume will reache 300 million square meters, a thousand people will have 210 square meters.
 
Because of the rapid growth in solar hot water industry, solar hot water heaters have become one of the three major hot water sources along with gas-fired heaters and electric heaters for PRC households and the PRC has become the world's largest producer and consumer of solar hot water heaters.

Boiler and Space Heating Industry
 
The PRC space heating industry is not new, but the modern systems that we sell are new for our customers. While many rural PRC households have considered hot water a luxury, heat generating facilities for cooking and space heating purposes in one form or another are considered basic necessities. These heat generating facilities are generally extremely primitive and inefficient, and usually consist of hearths and biomass stoves, which are dirty, unsafe and difficult to handle with respect to fuel. As many rural households have started to earn disposable income in recent years, many of them can afford to modernize their cooking and space heating facilities by using coal-fired boilers, which have become one of the principal means for such modernization among the PRC rural households.
  
 
17

 
 
Competition
 
The solar hot water market in the PRC is highly fragmented. According to statistics from the Chinese Energy Research Association, there are currently over 3,500 solar hot water heater manufacturers producing products under more than 3,000 brands. The top 51 companies have, on average, over 10 million RMB in sales (approximately $1.2 million), with the top ten companies together controlling 17% of the domestic market.

We believe our success lies in our quality control, brand recognition strategy, comprehensive distribution network and advertising.

Government Regulation
 
We are not subject to any requirements for governmental permits or approvals or any self regulatory professional associations for the manufacture and sale of solar hot water heaters. We are required to obtain a production approval from the Quality and Technology Supervisory and Control Bureau at the provincial level for the manufacture and sale of boilers and space heating products. Bazhou Deli Solar obtained the approval to manufacture, install and repair small and regular size pressure boilers and space heating products from Hebei Provincial Quality and Technology Supervisory and Control Bureau on August 28, 2002 effective for five years. We are currently in the process of renewing the certificate. Other than the foregoing, Bazhou Deli Solar is not subject to any other significant government regulation of its business or production, or any other government permits or approval requirements, except for the laws and regulations of general applicability for corporations formed under the laws of the PRC.  We are not aware of any PRC environmental law which affects the production or sale of our products.

Employees

As of December 31, 2008 we had approximately 768 full time employees and 220 part time employees.
 
Bazhou Deli Solar requires each employee to enter into a one-year standard employment agreement. Tianjin employees have three year agreements. The standard employment agreement contains a confidentiality clause and a covenant-not-to-compete clause, under which an employee must keep confidential all manufacturing technology including drawings and other technology materials, sales and financial information, and trade secrets obtained through his or her employment with us. Breach of this confidentiality clause will result in termination of employment. Further, each employee may not compete against us for a certain period of time following the termination of employment with us. We purchase group workers' compensation policy on behalf of our employees, and the premium is deducted from each employee's paycheck.

Risk of Loss and Product Liability Insurance
 
Delivery of our products can be arranged by our sales agents and distributors, or by us. In the latter case, we deliver our products primarily through trucks, supplemented with trains and cargo ships. Our standard agency contract generally requires our sales agents to pay for the transportation cost. Although the agency contract has not specifically provided for the issue of risk of loss, our customary practice is that sales agents bear the risk of loss in shipping and purchase shipping insurance at their expense.
 
We currently do not carry any product liability or other similar insurance, nor do we have property insurance covering our plants, manufacturing equipment and office buildings. While product liability lawsuits in the PRC are rare and Bazhou Deli Solar has never experienced significant failures of its products, we cannot assure you that Bazhou Deli Solar would not face liability in the event of any failure of any of its products. We plan to purchase property insurance to cover our manufacturing plants, equipment and office buildings by the end of the second quarter of 2008.

 
18

 

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
 
All land in the PRC is owned by the government and cannot be sold to any individual or entity. Instead, the government grants landholders a "land use right." The following are the details regarding our land use rights with regard to the two pieces of land that we use in our business. The land use rights owned by Deli Du, our Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, were transferred to us in October 2005 for a price of RMB20,000 (approximately $2,588). The application for the change of the land use right certificate for this piece of land was submitted to Bazhou City National Land Resources Bureau on January 16, 2006. Once the application is approved, the registered holder for this land will be Bazhou Deli Solar As of October 11, 2007, the application has not yet been approved and the registered holder is still Mr. Du.
  
Bazhou Deli Solar’s factory facilities are located outside of the city of Bazhou in the Hebei Province of the PRC.  Bazhou Deli Solar utilizes one factory in Bazhou with a total of over 10,000 square meters of production, warehouse, and office space and space for use as a distribution center and an approximately 2,000 square meters of office space and exhibition center in Beijing.

Bazhou Deli Solar built a new facility in 2008 with area 9,900 square meters. Total construction costs were  $ 2,926,287 of which $2 ,926,287  was paid in fiscal 2008.

Tianjin Huaneng’s factory facilities are located outside of the Tianjin municipalities of the PRC.  Tianjin Huaneng’s utilizes one factory in Tianjin with over 51,000 square meters of production, warehouse, and office space and space for use as a distribution center.

Tianjin Huaneng built a new facility with over 7,500 square meters in March, 2008, which commenced operations in November, 2008. Total construction costs were $1,141,252  of which $1,141,252 was paid in fiscal 2008.

SZPSP’s factory facilities are located outside of the city of Shenzhen in the Guangdong Province of the PRC. SZPSP utilizes two factories in Shenzhen with a total of over 2,000 square meters of production, warehouse, and office space and space for use as a distribution center.

On March 17, 2006, Bazhou Deli Solar entered into an agreement with the local government to acquire land use rights of a land of 61,530 square meters at the price of approximately $919,858. This piece of land is close to the present Bazhou factory and is used to enlarge the present manufacturing base at Bazhou City. The land use right has been approved by the local government after payment of approximately $919,858. An official certificate evidencing the land lease has not yet been delivered from the government to us .

 
19

 
 
Registered 
Holder
 
Location & 
Deed Number
 
Usage and 
Nature
 
Square 
meters
 
Construction/building 
on the land
 
Term of use 
right
 
Transfer price
Deli Solar (Bazhou)
 
Bazhou, Ningnan Village; #98060026
 
Industrial Transferred Land
 
10,244.05 Sq. M
 
Plant, warehouses, accessories room, convention center
 
50 years (from March 25, 1998 to March 25, 2048
 
RMB 615,000
(approximately $79,581) was paid to the Langfang Municipal Land Administration Bureau, plus annual land use fee of RMB 5122 (approximately $ 662.79)
                         
Mr. Deli Du
 
Eighty kilometers from
Bazhou Jingbao Road North; #20010700405
 
Office space for Deli Solar
Bazhou Granted Land
 
816 Sq. M
 
Office building, accessories room
 
50 years (from June 11, 2001 to June 3, 2051
 
RMB 20,000 (approximately $ 2,588) was paid to the Langfang Municipal Land Administration Bureau
                         
Deli Solar (Bazhou)
 
Close to Bazhou Jingbao Road
 
Factory Facilities
 
61,530 Sq. M
 
Factory facilities
 
Pending the Land Use Right Certificate
 
approximately $919,858 was paid to Bazhou local government
                         
Tianjin Huaneng
Group Energy Equipment
Co. Ltd.
 
No. 119 Yuyang South Road
Ji County, Tianjin
 
Factory
 
51,000 Sq. M
     
50 years from September 2004 to September 2054
 
Approximately 528,000 was paid to Ji county
                         
Total
         
72,590.05 Sq. M
           
 
We lease 19,140 square meters of land (“Leased Land”) from Bazhou County Credit Union Lianshe Branch (“Credit Union”) for an office building pursuant to a 20 year renewal lease at an annual rent of RMB 120,000 (approximately $15,528) which commenced on May 1, 2003. The lease is automatically renewable for another 20 year term subject to terms to be negotiated at the expiration of the first 20-year term. We are retaining a majority of the building's usable space for our business and seeking to sublease the rest to parties with business related to ours such as our sales agents, distributors, accessory parts dealers, and after-sales service agents. We also constructed a business center on the Leased Land. The business center is to be used for show rooms, retail stores, and a distribution center for solar related products and space heating products.

We lease our Beijing office facility of approximately 2,000 square meters at No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road, Fengtai District from Beijing Dajiangxia Technology and Trade Co., Ltd. pursuant to a renewable lease commencing October 1, 2005 to August 8, 2011 for an annual rent of RMB370, 000 (approximately $47,878) for the first year and RMB400, 000 (approximately $ 51,760) for the second year, and the following years pending a possible increase. We paid annual rent of RMB 400,000 in 2008. 

ITEM 3. 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is a party to any pending legal proceedings.

 
20

 

ITEM 4.
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

There was no matter submitted to a vote of our securities holders during the fourth quarter of 2008 through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise.

 
21

 

PART II

ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board (“OTCBB”) under the symbol “CSOL.OB”. There has never been any established public market for shares of our common stock.  The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices, in the over-the-counter market, as reported and summarized by the OTCBB, for each fiscal quarter during each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. These prices are based on inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown or omissions and may not represent actual transactions.
 
   
High
 
Low
 
Year Ended December 31, 2008
           
03/31/2008
   
3.70
 
1.50
 
06/30/2008
   
2.36
 
1.36
 
09/30/2008
   
1.65
 
1.05
 
12/31/2008
           
             
  Year Ended December 31, 2007
           
03/31/2007
   
3.73
 
3.50
 
06/30/2007
   
2.60
 
1.81
 
09/30/2007
   
3.45
 
1.75
 
12/31/2007
   
4.50
 
2.40
 
 
On April 12, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $0.62 per share.
 
Since the completion of the reverse merger, our common stock has traded sporadically and with high volatility. Consequently, our historical prices may not be an accurate indication of the future prices of our common stock.
 
Holders

As of April 14, 2009, there were 16,173,016 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding, and there were approximately 2,518 holders of record of our outstanding shares of common stock. This does not reflect the number of persons or entities who held stock in nominee or "street" name through various brokerage firms.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. The payment of dividends, if any, is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and is contingent on the Company's revenues and earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and the ability of our PRC based operating subsidiaries Bazhou Deli Solar and Beijing Deli Solar (Beijing) to obtain approval to send monies out of the PRC. In addition, under the terms of the certificate of designation which was filed in the office of Secretary of State for the State of Nevada on June 12, 2007 in connection with the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, we are restricted in paying dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all earnings, if any, for use in business operations. Accordingly, we do not anticipate declaring any dividends in the near future.

The PRC's national currency, the Yuan, is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of the PRC. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict our ability to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends.

 
22

 
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.

We currently do not have any equity compensation plans.
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Unregistered Securities.

February 2008 Private Placement
 
On February 25, 2008 we raised gross proceeds of approximately $11,300,000 in a private placement providing for the sale to certain institutional investors of 4,691,499 shares of common stock at a price of $2.40 per share. The net proceeds to us from that transaction were $9,995,156.51. The net proceeds are to be used for acquisitions, building new plant to increase the capacity and for general working capital. The shares were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(2) of the Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

June 2007 Private Placement
 
On June 13, 2007 we raised net proceeds of $2,581,000 in a private placement providing for the sale for an aggregate purchase price of $2,750,000 (or $1.55 per share) of
 
(i)
1,774,194 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (with each share convertible into one (1) share of common stock, subject to adjustment)

(ii)
five year class A warrants to purchase 1,774,194 shares of common stock at an exercise price $1.90 per share (subject to adjustment), and

(iii)
Five year class B warrants to purchase an additional 1,774,194 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.40 per share (subject to adjustment).
 
The net proceeds were to be used for acquisitions and for general working capital. The securities were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(2) of the Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
 
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION - Management's Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation ("MD&A") includes "forward-looking statements". All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report regarding the Company's financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management of the Company for future operations are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are subject to a number of uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of the Company's control that could cause actual results to materially differ from such statements. While the Company believes that the assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, it cautions that there are inherent difficulties in predicting certain important factors, especially, the prospects for future acquisitions; the competition in the solar hot water product market, the competition in the solar water heaters and boilers industry and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins; and the cost of attracting and retaining highly skilled personnel.

 
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Overview
 
We are engaged in the solar and renewable energy business in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”).  Our business is conducted through our wholly owned PRC based operating subsidiaries, Bazhou Deli Solar, BeijingDeli Solar, and our indirect subsidiaries Tianjin Huaneng (majority owned) and SZPSP.

The Company has four reportable segment: solar heater/biomass stove/boiler related products, heat pipe related products, energy-saving projects and other products, which includes heat exchangers and other products that fall outside of the first three segments.
 
Bazhou Deli Solar designs, manufactures and sells renewable energy systems to produce hot water and for space heating in the PRC. Bazhou Deli Solar’s principal products are solar hot water heaters and multifunctional space heaters, including coal-fired boilers for residential use. Bazhou Deli Solar also sells component parts for its products and provides after-sales maintenance and repair services.

Beijing Deli Solar is principally engaged in the installation of large solar water heaters in construction projects in major cities in the PRC, including Beijing. However, so far there is no revenue derived from Beijing Deli Solar.

Tianjin Huaneng manufactures heating products such as heating pipes, heat exchangers, specialty heating pipes and tubes, high temperature hot blast stoves, heating filters, normal pressure water boilers, solar energy water heaters and radiators.

SZPSP is principally engaged in the manufacture of solar hot water systems for commercial use. Its customers include factories, hospitals, schools and hotels. SZPSP’s solar energy products include flat plate solar collectors, solar water heater systems, central solar water heater system and solar energy photovoltaic technology.  Our customers include factories, hospitals, schools and hotels. SZPSP’s solar energy products include flat plate solar collectors, solar water heater systems, central solar water heater system and solar energy photovoltaic technology, etc.
 
Approximately 46.8% of our sales revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 were derived from sales of our solar water heaters/biomass stove/boiler related products, 30.8% derived from sales of heat pipe related product 16.9% derived from sales of our energy saving projects, and 5.5% derived from sales of others. Approximately 76% of our sales revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 were derived from sales made to PRC based customers, with the remaining 24% from the international market.
 
Recent Developments

In 2008, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Deli Solar Holding Ltd. entered into an agreement with Shenzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd. (“Fuwaysun”) pursuant to which Deli Solar Holding acquired the outstanding shares of Fuwaysun. Deli Solar Holding loaned $3,000,000 to Fuwaysun, which amount will automatically become part of the purchase price in the event both parties complete the share transfer and investment plan agreed on between the parties within six months from the date of execution of the agreement.  In the event the parties do not complete the share transfer and investment plan within six months from the date of execution of the agreement Fuwaysun will return the principal amount of the loan plus interest to Deli Solar Holding.  In the event the parties do not complete the share transfer and investment plan within six months from the date of execution of the agreement Fuwaysun shall return the principal amount of the loan plus interest to Deli Solar Holding.  On April 9, 2009, the Board approved an amendment to the Fuwaysun agreement to extend the period of time for the consummation of the Fuwaysun Acquisition until June 30, 2009.

On September 6, 2006, the Company entered into an Agreement of Intent on Share Transfer (“Xiongri Agreement”) to acquire 60% of the outstanding equity interest of Shenzhen Xiongri Solar Energy Heating Co., Ltd. (“Xiongri”) from its sole shareholder (“Xiongri Acquisition”). Among other things,  pursuant to the Xiongri Agreement, the Company agreed to loan to the shareholder of Xiongri two loans in the aggregate amount of RMB 10,000,000, which loans would serve as a purchase price payment in the Xiongri Acquisition if Xiongri reached certain net profits in 2006, as specified in the Xiongri Agreement.  On April 9, 2009, the Board approved an amendment to the Xiongri Agreement to extend the time period for the consummation of the Xiongri Acquisition, including all closing conditions to be performed as set forth in the Xiongri Agreement, to June 30, 2009.

 
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements describe the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The areas described below are affected by critical accounting estimates and are impacted significantly by judgments and assumptions in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these critical accounting estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Product sales are recognized when the products are delivered to and inspected by customers and title has passed. Bazhou Deli Solar provides a three-year standard warranty on all of the products it manufactures. Under this standard warranty program, repair and replacement of defective component parts are free of any charge during the first year following the purchase. In the second and third year, replacement parts must be paid for by the customer but not the labor. Most of our warranty services are performed by our independent sales agents and distributors in return for a 1-2% discount of the purchase price they pay for our products. Accordingly, we have recorded no liability for warranty reserve. We also allow our sales agents and distributors to return any defective product for exchange.

Sales-type leases

The Company engages in installing energy-saving facilities and leases the equipment to customers. The Company will transfer all benefits, risks and ownership of the leased property to the customers at the end of the lease term. The Company's investment cost in these projects is recorded as Sales-type leases in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 13, " Accounting for Leases " and its various amendments and interpretations. The sales and cost of goods sold is recognized at the point of sales. The investment in sales-type lease consists of the sum of the total minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. The gross investment on sales-type lease is recorded as net of unearned interest Income.

Sales-type leases are generally placed in a non-accrual status (i.e., no revenue is recognized) when payments are more than 90 days past due. Additionally, management periodically reviews the credit worthiness of all sales-type lessees with payments outstanding less than 90 days. Based upon management's judgment, sales-type lessees with balances less than 90 days delinquent may be placed in a non-accrual status. Leases placed on non-accrual status are only returned to an accrual status when the account has been brought current and management believes recovery of the remaining unpaid lease payments is probable.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Our business operations are conducted in the PRC. We extend unsecured trade credit to our relatively large customers according to their sales volume and historical payment records. The allowance for doubtful accounts is established through charges to the provision for bad debts. We regularly evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical trends in collections and write-offs, our judgment as to the probability of collecting accounts and our evaluation of business risk. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. Accounts are determined to be uncollectible when the debt is deemed to be worthless or only recoverable in part and are written off at that time through a charge against the allowance.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Building, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated original useful lives of the assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized and depreciated; maintenance and repairs that do not extend the life of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposal of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income. Depreciation related to property and equipment used in production is reported in cost of sales.

 
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Long-term assets of the Company are reviewed annually as to whether their carrying value has become impaired. We consider assets to be impaired if the carrying value exceeds the future projected cash flows from related operations. We also re-evaluate the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. As of December 31, 2008, we expect these assets to be fully recoverable.
 
Business Combinations, Goodwill and intangible assets
 
We account for business combinations in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations , which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. SFAS 141 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination to be recognized and reported separately from goodwill.
 
Goodwill represents the cost of the acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets purchased. We generally seek the assistance of independent valuation experts in determining the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible net assets of the acquired business. We assign all the assets and liabilities of the acquired business, including goodwill, to reporting units in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets .
 
We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. In this process, we rely on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows. Recoverability of goodwill is evaluated using a two-step process. The first step involves a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the process involves a comparison of the fair value and carrying value of the goodwill of that reporting unit. If the carrying value of the goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Goodwill of a reporting unit will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.
 
We evaluate intangible assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If these assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
 
Impairment of long-lived assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” , a long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of assets to estimated undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets.

Key Items in 2008

Significant financial items during 2008 include:
 
 
·
Increase by us of ownership in Tianjin Huaneng from 51% to 91.8% through purchase of additional equity interests from minority shareholders and additional contribution to Tianjin Huaneng’s registered capital; and
 
 
 
·
Acquisition of SZPSP.

 
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007

Sales Revenues
 
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our net revenues for the periods indicated:
 
Revenue:
 
2008
   
2007
 
                 
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $ 2 5,098,563     $ 26,693,850  
Heat Pipe related products
    16,554,371       7,002,015  
Energy-saving projects
    9,078,203       3,376,481  
Solar Heat collector and others
    2,952,514        
Total
    53,683,651     $ 37,072,346  
 
Overall: Sales increased to $53,683,651 for 2008 as compared to $37,072,346 for 2007, an increase of approximately $16,611,305 or 44.8%. This increase was primarily due to increased sales by Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP. We acquired Tianjin Huaneng and commenced selling heat pipe related products on July 1, 2007. We acquired the entire equity interest in SZPSP in March 2008.

Solar Water Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler Related Products : Sales revenues of this product segment decreased to $ 25,098,563 for 2008 from $26,693,850 for 2007, a decrease of $1,595,287   or 6.0%. The decrease in sales of these products was primarily because we added a fourth segment—solar heat collectors and others—and accounted for the sales revenue of certain products under this fourth segment instead of the solar water heater/biomass stove/boiler related products segment as we did in 2007. To a lesser extent, this decline was also due to a decrease in the selling prices of our solar water heaters and boiler related products, which constituted the vast majority of our total sales of this segment. The prices of our solar water heaters and boiler related products have been declining due to increased competition.

Heat Pipe Related Products: Sales revenues increased to $ 16,554,371 in 2008 from $7,002,015 in 2007, an increase of $9,552,356 or 136.4%. This increase was mainly due to the fact that we did not begin to sell heat pipe related products until we acquired Tianjin Huaneng on July 1, 2007.

Energy-saving projects: Sales revenues increased to $ 9,078,203 for 2008 from $3,376,481 for 2007, an increase of $5,701,722   or168.9%. This increase was mainly due to our acquisition of SZPSP in March 2008.

Solar Heat collectors and others: Sales revenues were $ 2,952,514 for 2008 as compared to none for 2007. We did not account for these products as a separate segment prior to 2008. We added this segment in 2008 after we acquired SZPSP and had more sales of these products. 

Cost of Revenue

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of revenue for the periods indicated:

 
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Cost of revenue:
 
2008
   
2007
 
                 
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $ 20,741,274     $ 21,021,407  
Heat Pipe related products
    13,680,415       5,181,491  
Energy-saving projects
    7,502,163       2,569,180  
Solar Heat collectors and others
    2,439,936        
Total
  $ 44,363,788     $ 28,772,078  

Overall : Cost of revenue was $44,363,788 for 2008, an increase of $15,591,710 or 54.2% from $28,772,078 for 2007. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in our material costs, generally in line with our increased sales revenues.

Solar Water Heaters/Biomass Stove/Boiler Related Products : Cost of revenue decreased $280,133, or 1.3%, to $20,741,274 for 2008 from $21,021,407 for 2007, mainly because we accounted for certain products under the solar heat collector and others segment in 2008 instead of this segment as we did in 2007.

Heat Pipe Related Products: Cost of revenue increased to $13, 680,415 for 2008, an increase of $8,498,924 or 164.0% from $5,181,491 for the prior year. This increase was primarily attributable to the increased cost of steel during the first nine months of 2008.

Energy-saving projects: Cost of revenue increased to $7,502,163 for 2008, an increase of $4,932,983 or 192.1% from $2,569,180 for the prior year. This increase was in line with the increase in our sales of such products in 2008.

Solar Heat collectors and others: Cost of revenues was $2,439,936 for 2008 as compared to none for 2007 as we commenced sales of these products in 2008. We did not account for these products as a separate segment prior to 2008. 

Gross Profit

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our gross profit for the periods indicated:
 
Gross profit:
 
2008
   
2007
 
Solar Heater/Boiler related products
  $ 4,357,289     $ 5,672,443  
Heat Pipe related products
    2,873,956       1,820,524  
Energy-saving projects
    1,576,041       807,301  
Solar Heat collector and others
    512,577        
Total
    9,319,863     $ 8,300,268  
 
Overall : As a result of the foregoing, gross profit for 2008 was $9,319,863, compared to $8,300,268 for 2007, an increase of $ 1,019,595 or 12.3%.

Gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) in 2008 was approximately 17.4% compared to approximately 22.4% in 2007. Our profit margin decreased in 2008 primarily because a decrease in the selling prices of our products as we faced increased competition in the industry.

Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler Related Products : Gross profit from this segment decreased to $ 4,357,289 in 2008 from approximately $5,672,443 for 2007, or a decrease of $1,315,154  or 23.2%. The decrease in gross profit is due primarily to two factors. First, we accounted for certain products under the solar heat collector and others segment in 2008 instead of this segment as we did in 2007. Second, the selling prices were lower in 2008 as we faced increased competition from our competitors. Accordingly, our gross margin for this segment also decreased in 2008 to 18.4% as compared to 21.2% in 2007.

 
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Heat Pipe Related Products: Gross profit on the sale of heat pipe related products increased by $ 1,053,432, or 57.9%, to $   2,873,956 for 2008 from $1,820,524 for 2007. Gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales of these products), however, decreased to 17.4% in 2008 from approximately 26.0% for 2007.

Energy-saving projects: Gross profit increased to $ 1,576,041 for 2008 from $807,301 for 2007, reflecting an increase of $768,740 or 95.2%. This increase was mainly due to the fact that we acquired SZPSP in March 2008. Gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales of these products), however, decreased to 17.4% in 2008 from approximately 23.9% for 2007.

Solar Heat collector and others: Gross profit was $   512,577 for 2008 since we did not account for these products as a separate segment prior to 2008.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased to $9,077,912 for 2008 as compared to $5,114,634 for 2007. This represented an increase of $3,963,278 or about 77.5%.

Depreciation and amortization increased by $672,621, or 237.8%, to $955,443 for 2008 from $282,822 for 2007, mainly due to our depreciation and amortization by Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP.

Selling and distribution expenses increased to $3,995,401 for 2008 from $827,839 for 2007, representing an increase of $3,167,562, or 382.6%, due to increases in marketing and promotional expenses by our sales force, and in salary and benefits associated with the expansion of our sales force, including through our acquisition of Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP.

General and administrative expenses increased by $123,096, or 3.1%, to $4,127,069 for 2008 from $4,003,973 for 2007. This increase included liquidated damages of approximately $523,026 paid to certain investors due to our delay in effecting a registration pursuant to our registration rights agreement with such investors in our February 2008 private placement. The increase was also attributable to the consolidation of SZPSP and expenses such as legal fees related to our February 2008 private placement.
 
Income (loss) from Operations:

As a result of the foregoing, income from operations for 2008 was $241,951, as compared to $3,185,634, representing a decrease of $2,943,683 or 92.4%.

Total Other Income (Expenses)

Total other expenses were $3,392,973 in 2008, as compared to total other income of $154,576 for 2007. Total other expenses comprised mostly losses on non-recurring items of $3,012,488.12, including goodwill impairment of $2,314,389 related to our acquisition of SZPSP and inventory write-downs by Tianjin Huaneng of $101,799 (RMB695753) and Deli Solar (Bazhou) of $71,544 (RMB488,975) for obsolete inventories.

Income Taxes

Our income taxes decreased to $193,418 in 2008 from $615,325 in 2007, primarily due to reduced income by certain of our PRC subsidiaries.

 
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Minority Interest

Minority Interests were $818,893 for 2008 as compared to $199,744 for 2007 due to share of profits by minority interests from consolidation with Tianjin Huaneng.

Net Income (Loss)

As a result of the foregoing, we incurred a net loss of $4,163,332 in 2008, as compared to net income of $2,525,141 for 2007.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Net cash used in our operating activities was $4,637,112 for 2008, as compared to net cash provided by operations of $4,673,831 for 2007. This was mainly due to an increase in inventories, an increase in payments made in advance to suppliers, and our increased production costs for energy saving projects.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $9,007,996 for 2008, as compared to $5,419,926 for 2007. The increase was due to acquisition of SZPSP, purchase of additional equity interests from Tianjin Huaneng minority shareholders and contribution to additional registered capital of Tianjin Huaneng, and the purchase of new facilities and assembly lines in connection with the SZPSP acquisition.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $10,102,656 for 2008, as compared to $2,400,306 for 2007. The increase was primarily due to the purchase of 4,691,499 shares of common stock by the investors in our February 2008 private placement and the exercise of 75,000 warrants.

We believe that current cash will be sufficient to meet anticipated working capital and capital expenditures. However, we need to require additional cash resources for future developments of business, including any investments we may decide to pursue.

Cash

Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $2,404,996 at December 31, 2008 from $5,466,637 at December 31, 2007. This was primarily due to two loans we made to Shenzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd. in the amount of $3,000,000 and RMB3,000,000 ($424,352) and our increased spending on working capital and capital expenditures, partially offset by the net proceeds of $9,995,156 we received from the sale of stock to investors in February 2008. While we anticipate that our cash flow will be sufficient to support our operations for the next 12 months, we will need to raise additional equity capital to make further acquisitions. There can be no assurance that financing will be available to us, or that if available, that it will be available on satisfactory terms.

Accounts Receivable

During 2008, accounts receivable, net decreased by 2.3% to $ 7,284,255 from $7,453,009 at the end of 2007, primarily due to our acquisition of Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP. Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP both have a large balance of accounts receivable. SZPSP engages in installing energy-saving facilities and leasing the equipment facilities to customers.

We evaluate the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based on specifically identified amounts that we believe to be uncollectible. If actual collections experience changes, revisions to the allowance may be required. Based upon the aforementioned criteria, the allowances for doubtful accounts for 2008 were $845,034, as compared to $766,795 for 2007.

 
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Inventory

Inventories as of December 31, 2008 increased by 87.4% to $ 6,950,844 from $3,875,658 as of December 31, 2007 primarily due to our acquisition of Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP. The inventory mainly consists of finished goods waiting for transportation or installation and unfinished energy saving projects.

Other receivables and prepayments

Other receivables and prepayments as of December 31, 2008 increased to $7,870,575 from $1,637,948 as of December 31, 2007, primarily due to our loan agreements to Fuwaysun and loan agreements to Xiongri. Other receivables and prepayments mainly consist of advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses and customers’ deposits.
 
Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2008 increased to $15,366,009 from $8,819,216 as of December 31, 2007 primarily due to our acquisition of Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP. The increase is mainly contributable to an increase in buildings, plant and machinery and office equipment.

Goodwill

We recorded goodwill of $2,284,903 as of December 31, 2008, compared with $1,789,324 as of December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to our increased shareholding of Tianjin Huaneng and acquisition of SZPSP.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets refer to land use rights of the Company. The amount increased from $1,597,921 as of December 31, 2007 to $1,709,184 as of December 31, 2008 primarily due to our acquisition of Tianjin Huaneng and SZPSP. All of the Company’s land purchases in the PRC are considered to be leasehold land and are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and any recognized impairment loss. Amortization is provided over the term of the land use right agreement which is 50 years, on a straight-line basis.

Accounts payable

Account payable as of December 31, 2008 increased to $5,301,349 as of December 31, 2008 from $$2,111,028 as of December 31, 2007.

Income tax payables

Income tax payable of $ 2,236,298 decreased as of December 31, 2008 primarily due to our reduced income.
 
Other payables and accrued liabilities

Other payables and accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2008 decreased to $8,386,698 from $8,552,452 as of December 31, 2007 primarily due to consolidation with SZPSP. The increase mainly comprised of increases in accrued expenses, customer deposits, other payable, taxes payable and deferred revenue.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures.

 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures.

ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not Applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The Company's consolidated audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, together with the report of the independent certified public accounting firms thereon and the notes thereto, are presented beginning at page F-1.
 
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 9AT.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our ‘‘disclosure controls and procedures’’ (‘‘Disclosure Controls’’) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. The Disclosure Controls evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our CEO and CFO. Disclosure Controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure Controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our quarterly evaluation of Disclosure Controls includes an evaluation of some components of our internal control over financial reporting, and internal control over financial reporting is also separately evaluated on an annual basis for purposes of providing the management report, which is set forth below.

The evaluation of our Disclosure Controls included a review of the Disclosure Controls’ objectives and design, the Company’s implementation of the Disclosure Controls, and their effect on the information generated for use in this Form 10-K. Many of the components of our Disclosure Controls are also evaluated on an ongoing basis by other personnel in our finance department. The overall goals of these various evaluation activities are to monitor our Disclosure Controls, and to modify them as necessary. Our intent is to maintain the Disclosure Controls as dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant.

Based on the Disclosure Controls evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, our Disclosure Controls were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC, and that material information related to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to management, including the CEO and CFO, particularly during the period when our periodic reports are being prepared.
 
Our board of directors was advised by Cordovano and Honeck LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, that during their performance of audit procedures for 2008, they identified the following deficiencies which they considered to be material weaknesses in corporate governance and compliance with laws and regulations:

·
Lack of board of directors approval for contracts related to the following businesses:  Fuweisheng, Lianyungang, Xiongri and Xiangnian;
·
Failure to obtain State approval for incorporation of two new businesses (Fuweisheng and Xiongri);
·
Failure to disclose information on the new businesses in Form 10-K or 10-Q;
·
Failure to comply with the terms of the Fuweisheng agreement which would have resulted in the timely incorporation of a new business and the consolidation of its financial information into the results of operations of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2008; and
·
Failure to obtain approvals from State Commerce Department and State Foreign Currency Administration Bureau and failure to complete share transfer registration process with State Industrial and Commercial Administration Bureau, in connection with the acquisition of SZPSP.

The deficiencies were mainly related to inadequate staffing and supervision that could lead to the timely disclosure of such information and the obtainment of the required notifications and approvals.
 
 
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Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statement for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, the end of our fiscal year based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and our overall control environment. This assessment is supported by testing and monitoring performed by our internal finance department.

In view of the material weakness discovered in 2008 and described in our 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the need for the restatement of our audited financial statements for such year, management continues to believe that the Company's internal controls over financial reporting are not effective.

In connection with the review by the Division of Corporation Finance of the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 as set forth in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-150233) and the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007, filed April 10, 2008 (File No. 0-12561) management identified an error in the calculation of the diluted net income per share resulting in an understatement of the Company’s diluted net income per share by ten cents per share. Accordingly, on October 27, 2008, the Board of Directors concluded, based on the recommendation of management, that the Company’s consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 should be restated to correct this error related to the calculation of diluted net income per share and should no longer be relied upon. Management discussed this matter with Cordovano and Honeck LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Company filed an amended Annual Report on Form 10KSB/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 to revise the diluted net income per share amount to reflect the diluted net income per share amount of $0.24, in full compliance with SFAS 154, paragraph 26.
 
On October 27, 2008 the Audit Committee received a letter from Cordovano and Honeck LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, advising the committee of the following material weakness:

“When preparing its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007, China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. erred in calculating diluted net income per share. The Company misapplied the treasury stock and the “if converted” methods under SFAS No. 128. Because of the error, the Company restated its historical financial statements for 2007 to record an increase of ten cents in diluted net income per share.”

A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Management has identified the material weakness which consisted in the error in the calculation of diluted earnings per share and misapplication by the Company of the treasury stock and the “if converted” methods under SFAS No. 128. Since this material weakness was discovered in the last quarter of 2008, we are still in the process of implementing our remediation plan to ensure that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective.

 
33

 
 
Remediation of Material Weakness

Our plan to remediate any significant deficiencies in internal control over financial accounting includes the following:

 
1.
Replacement of our Chief Financial Officer. As of March 18, 2008, we hired Ms. Jing Chen as our CFO. Ms. Chen has significant experience as a FO of US public companies, including U.S. GAAP and SOX 404 experience;

 
2.
Provide training to our accounting and staff on U.S. GAAP; and

 
3
We are planning to engage the services of a SOX 404 consult.

We believe that with the implementation of all of the above, our internal control over financial reporting will become effective.
 
Changes in Internal Controls

We are working to refine our internal controls over financial reporting and are making progress in this area.   We will continue to implement the above-described remedial procedures.
 
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include faulty judgments and breakdowns due to simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by individuals, by collusion, or by management override (whether such action is intentional or unintentional). The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Therefore, any current evaluation of controls cannot and should not be projected to future periods.
 
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.

 
34

 
 
PART III
 
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
 
Our executive officers and directors as of the date of this report are as follows:

Name
 
Position
 
Age
         
Deli Du
 
President, CEO, Director
 
44
Jing Chen
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
43
Zhaolin Ding
 
Director
 
41
Zhenhang Jia
 
Director
 
62
Joseph J. Levinson
 
Director
 
33

Our board of directors currently consists of four members. We also have an audit committee and a compensation committee. Messrs. Zhenghang Jia, Zhaolin Ding and Joseph J. Levinson serve on the audit committee. Messrs. Jia, Ding and Deli Du serve on the compensation committee. The directors serve until our next annual meeting or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The officers serve at the pleasure of the Board.

Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement entered into on June 13, 2007 with the investors in that financing, we were required, prior to July 13, 2007, to increase the size of our Board to five or seven and cause the appointment of a majority of the Board of Directors to be “independent directors,” as defined by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Prior to November 1, 2007 our Board consisted of four members two of whom were “independent.” Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement we are required to pay those investors liquidated damages equal to one percent (1%) per month of the purchase price of the then outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, in cash or in Series A Preferred Stock at the option of the investors, based on the number of days that such obligation is not met beyond certain grace periods. Accordingly, we were delinquent by 110 days in meeting this obligation and we are required to pay the investors a total of $99,000. The Company is negotiating with the investors for a reduction of the amount due, but no agreement has yet been reached. Effective March 31, 2008 Mr. Jianmin Li resigned from our board of directors.

Effective July 25, 2008 Mr. Joseph J. Levinson was appointed as a director. Mr. Levinson is qualified as an “independent director” as defined by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market and as a result of his appointment we continue to have a majority of “independent directors,” as three of our directors, namely Mssrs. Ding, Jia and Levinson, are “independent directors” under the Rules of NASDAQ, Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15).   On March 17, 2009, Mr. Yihai Yang  resigned as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company and resigned as a director as of March 31, 2009.
 
In addition, under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, we were required, prior to August 12, 2007 to appoint (i) an audit committee comprised solely of at least three independent directors and a (ii) compensation committee comprised of at least three directors, a majority of whom are independent directors. Effective July 25, 2008 our audit committee consists of three members all of whom are independent, namely Messrs. Zhaolin Ding, Zhenghang Jia and Joseph J. Levinson. Our compensation committee consists of three members two of whom are independent, namely Messrs. Ding and Jia. Accordingly, we were delinquent in this obligation until July 25, 2008. However, under the terms of the securities purchase agreement no liquidated damages were required to be paid for this breach during any period for which liquidated damages were payable for failing to have an independent board. Accordingly, damages accrued for breach of this provision from November 1, 2007 through July 25, 2008. As a result we are required to pay investors a total of approximately $176,800.00. The Company is negotiating with the investors for a reduction of the amount due, but no agreement has yet been reached.

Deli Du has been our President, CEO and as a director since March 31, 2005. Mr. Du founded Deli Solar (Bazhou) in 1997 and has been its controlling equity holder, chairman and chief executive officer during the past five (5) years. Since June 2004 he has also been a director and manager of Deli Solar (BVI). He is a standing member of the China Solar Energy Utilization Association, the China Efficiency Boiler Association and the Beijing New Energy and Renewable Energy Union.

 
35

 
 
Jing Chen has been our Chief Financial Officer since March 17, 2007. Ms. Chen was Chief Financial Officer of China Valves Technology, Inc. (OTCBB: CVVT.OB), a China-based manufacturer of high-quality metal valves, from October 7, 2008 to January 2009.  From December 2007 to October 2008, Ms. Chen was the Chief Financial Officer of Origin Agritech Inc. (NasdaqGS: SEED), crop seed company based in China  Prior to that, Ms. Chen was Senior Director of Finance of iKang Healthcare Inc. from December 2006 to November 2007.  From August 2001 to November 2006, Ms. Chen was the Director of Finance of Elong Inc. (NasdaqGM: LONG), a leading online travel company in China. Ms. Chen holds a Doctor of Business Administration from Victoria University, Switzerland and a MBA from City University Ms. Chen is also a member of CPA Australia.

Zhaolin Ding, age 40, was appointed as a director on August 3, 2007. Mr. Ding is currently the director of Everbright International Executive Management Education Center, an adjunct professor of the Executive Program, School of Continuing Education, Tsinghua University and a visiting professor of executive program of Peking University and Renmin University of China. He is an officially appointed news commentator of China National Radio. He also worked as research associate in the Center for International Communication Studies of Tsinghua University. He holds an MBA degree from Harvard University, a Master’s degree in International Journalism from China School of Journalism, a bachelor degree of Law in International Affairs from the University of International Relations.

Zhenhang Jia has been a director since August 3, 2007. He has been a director on Beijing Mechanic Engineering and Reusable Energies and Vice Secretary-in-Chief of China Rural Energy Association Energy Saving Space Heating Professional Society from April 1994. He also has been vice chairman, vice secretary-in-chief of Beijing Municipal New Energy and director in Beijing Mechanics and Engineering Committee, Energy Resourses and Engineering Branch from 1995. Mr. Jia has been lecturing in his field of profession in colleges and universities for over ten years and has published two professional books such as Enterprise Energy Saving Technology and 70 papers.
 
Joseph J. Levinson has served on our board of directors since July 25, 2008.  He served as the Chief Executive Officer of Levinson Services Partnership, a U.S. consulting company, since March 2006. Mr. Levinson also serves as a director and Chairman of the audit committee of China Aoxing Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. (OTCBB: CAXG.OB), a publicly traded corporation engaged in the research, development, manufacture, and marketing of various narcotics and pain management pharmaceutical products in generic and formulations in China. From May 2007 to January 2009, Mr. Levinson served as a director of China 3C Group (OTCBB: CHCG.OB), a retailer and distributor of consumer and business products in China. From September 2006 to February 2007, he worked as the Chief Financial Officer of PacificNet Inc. (OTCBB: PACT.OB), a provider of gaming and mobile game technology worldwide with a focus on emerging markets in Asia, Latin America and Europe. From January 2006 to May 2007, Mr. Levinson worked for Global Pharmatech, Inc. (GBLP.PK) as Chief Financial Officer and a director. From October 2001 to December 2005, Mr. Levinson was a partner at Halo Equity Consulting Partnership, a Hong Kong private equity company. From December 2004 to January 2006, he worked at BOL Media, a PRC media company, as the Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Levinson is a certified public accountant. Mr. Levinson holds a B.S. degree in Accounting and Finance from State of University of New York at Buffalo.
 
There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers. We currently do not have directors and officers insurance.

Resignations

Effective July 25, 2008, Mr. Randolph resigned as a director to pursue other interests.  His resignation was not the result of any disagreement with us on any matter relating to our operations, policies or practices.

Mr. Jianmin Li served as a director until March 31, 2008 when he resigned as a director. Mr. Li's resignation as director was not the result of any disagreement with us on any matter relating to our operations, policies or practices.

 
36

 

Effective March 14, 2008, Mr. Gary Lam resigned as our Chief Financial Officer to pursue other interests.  Mr. Lam’s resignation was not the result of any disagreement with us on any matter relating to our operations, policies or practices.

Effective March 14, 2008, Mr. Yihai Yang was appointed to serve as our Acting Chief Financial Officer and he resigned from such position on March 17, 2009. He resigned as a director on March 31, 2009.  Mr. Yang’s resignation was not the result of any disagreement with us on any matter relating to our operations, policies or practices.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our audit committee currently consists of three members all of whom are independent, namely Zhenhang Jia, Zhaolin Ding and Joseph J. Levinson. The audit committee does not currently have an audit committee "financial expert" as defined under Item 407(d)(5)(i) of Regulation S-B. The Board of Directors is in the process of searching for a suitable candidate for this position.

Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, we were required, prior to August 12, 2007 to appoint an audit committee comprised solely of at least three independent directors and damages in the amount of approximately $176,800.00 accrued for breach of this provision from November 1, 2007 through July 25, 2008.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires the Company's directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and our other equity securities. These insiders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file, including Forms 3, 4 and 5.

SEC rules require disclosure in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of the failure of an executive officer, director or 10% beneficial owner to file such forms on a timely basis. Based upon a review of the filings made on their behalf during 2008, as well as an examination of the SEC's EDGAR system Form 3, 4, and 5 filings and the Company's records, the following table sets forth exceptions to timely filings:

Name
 
Reporting Event
Ardsley Advisory Partners (1)    Form 3 filed on June 12, 2008 reporting puechase of 1,666,500 shares on February 25, 2008. 
     
 
(1)
These shares were purchased by affiliates of Ardsley as set forth below:
 
Name
 
Number of
Shares
 
Ardsley Partners Fund II, L.P.
    702,500  
Ardsley Offshore Fund, Ltd.
    491,500  
Ardsley Partners Institutional Fund, L.P.
    455,000  
Marion Lynton
    17,500  
 
 
37

 
 
Code of Ethics

On July 20, 2006, our Board adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our executive offers and employees. We filed a copy of the Code of Ethics as exhibit 14 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.

ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table reflects the compensation paid to our principal executive officer during each of our fiscal years ending December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. None of our other executive officers was paid a salary and bonus of more than $100,000 in 2007 and so none are included in this table.
 
Name and
Principal
Position
 
Year
 
Salary
 ($)
   
Bonus
($)
   
Stock
Awards
($)
   
Option
Awards
($)
   
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
   
Non-
Qualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
   
All Other
Compensation
($)
   
Total
($)
 
Deli Du (1)
 
2008
 
80,000
   
   
   
 —
   
 —
   
 —
   
 —
   
 80,000
 
   
2007
    80,000                                           80,000  
   
2006
    80,000                                           80,000  

(1) Commencing March 31, 2005, Mr. Du receives an annual salary of $80,000.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2007 Fiscal Year End

There were no option exercises or options outstanding in 2008.

Employment Agreements

We have no employment agreements with any of our executive officers. We plan to enter into an employment agreement with Mr. Yang shortly but no such agreement has yet been executed. In the absence of written employment agreements, the PRC labor laws provide the terms of employment such as the term of employment, the provision of labor-related insurance, termination for cause, termination on 30 days’ notice and termination without notice and the labor-related benefits.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Overview of Compensation Program and Philosophy

The Company’s compensation committee currently has three members two of whom are independent, namely Messrs. Zhenhang Jia, and Zhaolin Ding. Under the terms of the June 2007 securities purchase agreement with Barron Partners and the other investors, we were required, prior to August 12, 2007 to appoint a compensation committee comprised of at least three directors, a majority of whom are independent directors, and damages in the amount of approximately $176,800.00 accrued for breach of this provision from November 1, 2007 through July 25, 2008.

 
38

 

The Compensation Committee’s goal in determining compensation levels is to adequately reward the efforts and achievements of executive officers for the management of the Company. The Company currently has no pension plan, stock option plan, non-equity incentive plan or deferred compensation arrangement. The Company has not used a compensation consultant in any capacity but believes that it executive compensation package is comparable to similar businesses in its location of its operations.

None of the executive officers currently has an employment agreement with the Company.

Director Compensation

Our standard arrangement with our directors provides that we pay each director annual compensation in the amount of $20,000 for serving as a director. There are no other elements of compensation paid to our directors but it is expected that in the future, we may create a remuneration and expense reimbursement plan. It is anticipated that such a plan would be primarily based on stock options.

The following table reflects the compensation of directors for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008:
 
Name of Director
 
Fees
Earned
or
Paid in
Cash
($)
   
Stock
Awards
($)
   
Option
Awards
($)
   
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
   
Change in
Pension value
and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
   
All Other
Compensation
($)
 
Total
($)
                                       
Zhaolin Ding
    20,000                                
  20,000
                                                   
Deli Du
    20,000                                
  20,000
                                                   
Kevin Randolph (1)
     —       4,285                          
4,285
                                                   
Zhenhang Jia
    20,000                                
  20,000
                                                   
Yang Yi Hai (2)
    8,400                                
  8,400
                                                   
Joseph Levinson (3)
    8,400                                
  8,400

 
(1)
Effective November 1, 2007, Mr. Kevin Randolph was appointed as a director. Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, dated June 13, 2007, by and among Barron Partners, L.P. and two other investors, we were obligated to appoint independent directors to constitute the majority of the board. Mr. Randolph has not had any relationship with us (either as a partner, stockholder or employee) in the past three years and he is qualified as an independent director as defined by rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. With Kevin Randolph appointed as a director we have a majority of independent directors. Mr. Randolph receives an annual director’s fee of $5,000, and he will be compensated with $5,000 for each full Board of Directors meeting held at Beijing, China and $2,500 for each board meeting by conference call. In addition, he is entitled to receive shares of our common stock at the amount of 0.36% of our total outstanding common stock to be vested monthly over three years. As of December 31, 2007, Mr. Randolph had earned 1,242 shares of common stock with a value of $4,285, based on a closing price on December 31, 2007 of $3.45. On July 25, 2008, Mr. Kevin Randolph resigned from his position as a director of the Company.
 
    (2)
Mr. Yang was appointed as a director on July 25, 2008. His annual compensation as a director was $20,000 and he received $8,400 for his service as a director for the partial year he served on our board of directors in 2008.

    (3)
Mr. Levinson was appointed as a director on July 25, 2008. His annual compensation as a director was $20,000 and he received $8,400 for his service as a director for the partial year he served on our board of directors in 2008.
 
39

 
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of the voting securities by (i) any person or group with more than 5% of the Company's securities, (ii) each director, (iii) each executive officer and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group, as of April 13, 2009.

 
 
Named and Address of Beneficial Owner
 
Amount and
Nature of
Beneficial
Ownership
   
Percent (%) of
Class (1)
 
5% Owners
           
             
David Gelbaum and Monica Chavez as trustees of
The Quercus Trust,
2309 Santiago Drive
Newport Beach, CA 92660 (2)
    1,949,283       12.3 %
                 
Ardsley Partners (3)
    1,666,500       10.5 %
                 
Executive Officers
               
                 
Deli Du,
President, CEO and director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    2,837,282       17.9 %
                 
Jing Chen,
Chief Financial Officer
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    0        0 %
                 
Directors
               
                 
Deli Du,
President, CEO and director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    2,837,282       17.9 %
                 
Zhaolin Ding, director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    0       0 %
                 
Jianmin Li, director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    0       0 %
                 
Zhenhang Jia, director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    0       0 %
                 
Joe Levinson, director
No. 28, Fengtai Bei Road
Fengtai District, Beijing, PRC 100071
    0       0 %
 
40

 
 
(1)
As of April 14, 2009 we had 16,173,016 outstanding shares of common stock. In determining the percent of common stock owned by a stockholder on : April 14, 2009, (a) the numerator is the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such stockholder, including shares the beneficial ownership of which may be acquired, within 60 days upon the conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of warrants held by such stockholder, and (b) the denominator is the sum of (i) 15,799,450, the number of shares outstanding on : April 14, 2009, and (ii) the total number of shares underlying the convertible securities and warrants, which such stockholders has the right to acquire within 60 days following April 14, 2009.    
 
(2)
Based on information set forth in Amendment No 1. to a Schedule 13D filed on March 4, 2008.
     
 
(3)
These shares are held by affiliates of Ardsley as set forth below:

Name
 
Number of Shares
 
Ardsley Partners Fund II, L.P.
    702,500  
Ardsley Offshore Fund, Ltd.
    491,500  
Ardsley Partners Institutional Fund, L.P.
    455,000  
Marion Lynton
    17,500  
 
 
(4)
Mr. Randolph is entitled to receive common stock at the amount of 0.36% of our total outstanding common stock vested monthly over 3 years. As of November 25, 2008 Mr. Randolph was entitled to receive 3,236 shares. 

ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Since January 1, 2008 we have not engaged in any transactions with any related persons which would require disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

Three of our four directors are independent directors under the definition of “independent director” of the Rules of NASDAQ, Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15).
 
ITEM 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services .

Effective January 24, 2008, we formally engaged Cordovano and Honeck, LLP as our principal independent registered public accounting firm to examine our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.  Child, Van Wagoner & Bradshaw, PLLC, Certified Public Accountants, was the our independent registered public accounting firm engaged to examine the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

Fees for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
Audit Fees .  Cordovano and Honeck, LLP was paid aggregate fees of approximately $ 185,257 for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and the reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-QSB for the periods ended March 31, 2008, June 30, 2008 and September 30, 2008. Child, Van Wagoner & Bradshaw, PLLC was paid aggregate fees of approximately $105,663 for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and for the reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-QSB for the periods ended March 31, 2007, June 30, 2007 and September 30, 2007.
 
Audit-Related Fees .  None .
 
Tax Fees .  None.
 
All Other Fees .  None

 
41

 

Our audit committee did not pass on whether any non-audit services impacted our auditor's independence. We currently do not have any policy or procedures in place for approval of audit and permitted non-audit services by our audit committee.

PART IV
 
ITEM 15
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
 
a.
The following are filed with this Annual Report:
 
 
1.
The financial statements listed on the Financial Statements Table of Contents.
 
 
2.
Not applicable.
 
 
3.
Not applicable.
 
 
b.
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Annual Report.
 
 
c.
Not applicable.
 
 
42

 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX

1.1
Equity Purchase Agreement, between Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co. Ltd. and Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation, dated as of January 9, 2008 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on January 15, 2008.
   
1.2
Complementary Agreement to the Equity Purchase Agreement, between Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co. Ltd. and Shenzhen Peng Sang Pu Solar Industrial Products Corporation, dated as of January 9, 2008 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on January 15, 2008.
   
1.3
Supplementary Agreement to the Equity Purchase Agreement, by and among, Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co. Ltd., Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation and its shareholders named therein, dated as of March 25, 2008 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on April 1, 2008.
   
1.4
Equity Interest Purchase Agreement, between Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co. Ltd. and Tianjin Huaneng Group Energy Equipment Co., Ltd., dated as of October 27, 2008 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on October 31, 2008.
   
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation (including all amendments thereto) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed by the Company with the SEC on November 2, 2005.
   
3.2.1
Bylaws, is incorporated herein by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the by the Company with the SEC in August 1983.
   
3.2.2
Amendment to Bylaws dated October 17, 2000, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed by the Company with the SEC on March 26, 2001.
   
3.2.3
Articles of Merger of Du Solar, Inc. into the Company filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on October 29, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on November 2, 2007.
   
4.1
Common Stock Specimen is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB/A filed on April 17, 2006.
   
4.2
Form of Warrant is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2005.
   
4.3
Certificate of Designation Rights and Preferences for our Series A Preferred Stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on June 12 , 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
4.4
Series A Preferred Stock Specimen is hereby incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
4.5
Form of Class A Warrant issued on June 13, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
4.6
Form of Class B Warrant issued on June 13, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
4.7
Form of Placement Agent Warrant is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company with the SEC on April 14, 2008.
   
10.1
Stock Contribution Agreement, dated March 28, 2005, entered into by and between the Company and Deli Du is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A to Schedule 13D filed by the Company with the SEC on April 18, 2005.
   
10.2
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 30, 2005, by and among Deli Du, Halter Capital Corporation, and the Company is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit B to Schedule 13D filed by the Company with the SEC on April 18, 2005.
   
10.3
Form of Unit Purchase Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2005.
   
10.4
Form of Agreement Providing for Investment Banking Services is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2005.
   
10.5
Form of Lock Up Agreement between the Company and the members of the Financial Advisor Group is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2005.
 
 
43

 
 
10.6
Agreement on Transfer of Share of Beijing Ailiyang Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on November 28, 2005.
   
10.7
Land Purchase Agreement by and between Deli Solar (Bazhou) and Deli Du (English Translation) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement Amendment No. 1 on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on February 6, 2006.
   
10.8
Land Use Rights Purchase Agreement by and between Deli Solar (Bazhou) and the Governance Commission of Beijiahe Village Chaheji County Bazhou City dated March 16, 2006 (English Translation) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement Amendment No. 2 on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on May 22, 2006.
   
10.9
Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 13, 2007 by and among the Company, Barron Partners LP and the other investors named therein, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
10.10
Registration Rights Agreement dated June 13, 2007 by and among the Company, Barron Partners LP and the other investors named therein, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
10.11
Stock Escrow Agreement dated June 13, 2007 by and between the Company and Tri-State Title & Escrow, LLC, as escrow agent, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
10.12
Closing Escrow Agreement dated June 13, 007 by and between the Company and Barron Partners, L.P., and the other investors named therein and Tri-State Title & Escrow, LLC, as escrow agent, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on June 19, 2007.
   
10.13
State-owned Equity Interest Purchase Agreement by and between Tianjin Municipal Ji County State-owned Assets Administration Commission and Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated May 18, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on September 14, 2007.
   
10.14
Supplementary Agreement to State-owned Equity Interest Purchase Agreement by and between Tianjin Municipal Ji County State-owned Assets Administration Commission and Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated August 8, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on September 14, 2007.
   
10.15
Entrustment Agreement by and between Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Wanshitong Business Management Consulting Co., Ltd. dated August 7, 2007 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on September 14, 2007.
   
10.16
Investor Relations Consulting Agreement dated July 23, 2007 between the Company and Hayden Communications International, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed by the Company with the SEC on January 24, 2008.
   
10.17
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of February 25, 2008 by and among the Company and the investors named therein, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 3, 2008.
   
10.18
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 25, 2008 by and among the Company and the investors named therein, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 3, 2008.
   
10.19
Make Good Escrow Agreement dated as of February 25, 2008 by and between the Company, the investors named therein, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Tri-State Title & Escrow, LLC, as escrow agent, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 3, 2008.
   
10.20
Escrow Agreement dated as of February 25, 2008 by and between the Company, Roth Capital Partners, LLC and Tri-State Title & Escrow, LLC, as escrow agent, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 3, 2008.
   
10.21
Waiver and Consent dated as of February 25, 2008 , is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on March 3, 2008.
   
14
Code of Ethics is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 filed by the Company with the SEC on April 11, 2007.
   
21.1
List of subsidiaries.
   
31.1
Certification of Deli Du pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
31.2
Certification of Jing Chen pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d- 14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
32.1
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 
44

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
   
April 15, 2009
/s/ Deli Du
 
By: Deli Du,
 
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
 
(principal executive officer)
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
/s/ Deli Du
 
April 15, 2009
By: Deli Du, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (principal executive officer)
 
     
/s/ Jing Chen
 
April 15, 2009
By: Jing Chen, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and accounting officer)
 
     
/s/ Zhaolin Ding
 
April 15, 2009
By: Zhaolin Ding, Director
 
     
/s/ Zhenhang Jia
 
April 15, 2009
By: Zhenhang Jia, Director
 
     
/s/ Joseph J. Levinson
 
April 15, 2009
By: Joseph J. Levinson, Director
 

 
45

 


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors
China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (fka Deli Solar (USA), Inc.)
Beijing, People’s Republic of China

We have audited the consolidated balance sheet of China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (fka Deli Solar (USA), Inc.) (the Company) as of December 31, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (fka Deli Solar (USA), Inc.) as of December 31, 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
/s/ Child, Van Wagoner & Bradshaw, PLLC
 
Child, Van Wagoner & Bradshaw, PLLC
Salt Lake City, Utah
March 31, 2007

 
F-1

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and stockholders of
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits include consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has restated its 2007 consolidated financial statements.

/s/ Cordovano and Honeck LLP

Englewood, Colorado USA

March 28, 2008, except for Note 2 acquisition which is dated June 20, 2008 and Note 11 - net income per share and Note 17 - restatement which are dated October 17, 2008.

 
F-2

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and stockholders of
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits include consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Cordovano and Honeck LLP

Englewood, Colorado USA

April 15, 2009

 
F-3

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED   BALANCE SHEETS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
ASSETS
           
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 2,404,996     $ 5,466,637  
Accounts receivable, net
    7,284,255       7,453,009  
Inventories
    6,950,844       3,875,658  
Other receivables and prepayments
    7,870,575       1,637,948  
                 
Lease receivables, current
    156,579       0  
                 
Total current assets
    24,667,249       18,433,252  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net
    15,366,009       8,819,216  
Goodwill
    2,284,903       1,789,324  
Intangible assets, net
    1,709,184       1,597,921  
                 
Customer relationships, net
    1,017,500          
Intellectual property  unpatented technology, net
    869,500          
Lease receivables, non current
    654,578          
                 
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 46,568,923     $ 30,639,713  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable, trade
  $ 5,301,349     $ 2,111,028  
Income tax payables
    2,236,298       1,108,433  
Other payables and accrued liabilities
    8,386,698       8,552,452  
                 
Total current liabilities
    15,924,345       11,771,913  
  Deferred tax liability
    15,779          
Minority interests
    1,704,248       935,825  
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Convertible preferred stock: par value $0.001; 25,000,000 shares authorized, 373,000 and 1,774,194 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
    373       1,774  
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 66,666,667 shares authorized ; 13,799,450  and 6,205,690 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
    13,799       6,205  
Additional paid-in capital
    22,966,404       9,260,607  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    1,615,082       1,134,270  
Retained earnings
    3,365,788       7,529,119  
 Profit earning reserves
    963,106       0  
Total stockholders’ equity
    28,924,551       17,931,975  
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 46,568,923     $ 30,639,713  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
F-4

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED   STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
         
As adjusted and
restated
(Note 17)
       
Revenue, net
  $ 53,683,651     $ 37,072,346     $ 21,468,313  
                         
Cost of revenue
    44,363,787       28,772,078       16,842,994  
                         
Gross profit
    9,319,863       8,300,268       4,625,319  
                         
Operating expenses:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    955,443       282,822       154,946  
Selling and distribution
    3,995,401       827,839       459,746  
General and administrative
    4,127,069       4,003,973       2,800,015  
                         
Total operating expenses
    9,077,912       5,114,634       3,414,707  
                         
Income from operations
    241,951       3,185,634       1,210,612  
                         
Other income (expenses):
                       
Other income
    197,154       220,057       45,606  
Interest income
    262,233                  
Other expense
    (547,705 )                
Interest expense
    (292,167 )     (65,481 )     (16,717 )
Loss on nonrecurring items
    (3,012,488 )                
Total other income (expenses)
    (3,392,973 )     154,576       28,889  
                         
Income before income taxes
    (3,151,022 )     3,340,210       1,239,501  
                         
Income tax expense
    ( 193,418 )     (615,325 )     -  
Minority interests
    ( 818,893 )     (199,744 )     -  
                         
NET INCOME
    (4 ,163,332 ) )     2,525,141       1,239,501  
                         
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
  $ (4,163,332 )   $ 1,549,334     $ 1,239,501  
                         
Net income per share – basic
  $ (0.34 )   $ 0.25     $ 0.20  
                         
Net income per share – diluted
  $ (0.   34 )   $ 0.24     $ 0.18  
                         
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
    12,158,482       6,205,290       6,205,290  
                         
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted
    12,158,482       6,396,697       6,957,876  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5


CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars)

   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net income
  $ (4,163,332 )   $ 2,525,141     $ 1,239,501  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    1,280,429       324,157       178,437  
Impairment for goodwill,inventory
    2,702,488                  
Provision for allowance on accounts receivable
    978,006       650,432       (77,267 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
Accounts receivable, trade
    (965,831 )     (7,232,995 )     (238,334 )
Inventories
    (3,313,403 )     (3,559,893 )     67,418  
Other receivables and prepayments
    ( 6,232,627 )     (250,037 )     (238,268 )
Accounts payable, trade
    3,190,321       1,963,127       58,526  
Income tax payable
    1,127,865       1,108,433       -  
Other payables and accrued liabilities
    (59,921 )     8,209,641       262,885  
Minority interest
    818,893       935,825       -  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    ( 4,637,112 )     4,673,831       1,252,898  
                         
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Acquisition of a subsidiary
    (662,491 )     (489,459 )     -  
Deposits made to acquire subsidiary
            -       (256,278 )
Purchase of intangible assets
    (981,283 )     (635,726 )     (932,732 )
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    (7,364,222 )     (4,294,741 )     (2,815,398 )
                         
Net cash used in investing activities
    (9,007,996 )     (5,419,926 )     (4,004,408 )
                         
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
proceeds from warrants exercised
    107,500       (180,694 )     (130,112 )
Capital contribution received from shareholders
    9,995,156       -       -  
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock (net of offering costs of $169,000 paid in cash)
            2,581,000       -  
Related receivable
            -       82,639  
Related payables
            -       22,528  
                         
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    10,102,656       2,400,306       (24,945 )
                         
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    480,812       600,361       359,352  
                         
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
    (3,061,640 )     2,254,572       (2,417,103 )
                         
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR
    5,466,637       3,212,065       5,629,168  
                         
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR
  $ 2,404,996     $ 5,466,637     $ 3,212,065  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
                       
Cash paid for income taxes
  $ 538,332     $ 939,798     $ -  
Cash paid for interest expenses
  $ 302,961     $ 95,446     $ 16,717  
 
                       
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS
                       
Warrant shares granted for offering costs
  $ 541,695     $ 138,338     $ -  
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions of SZPSP
  $ 2,839,458     $ 0     $ -  
Issuance of warrants for the acquisitions of SZPSP
  $ 92,193     $ 0     $ -  
Preferred share converted
  $ 1,401     $ 0     $ -  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
F-6

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)
 
   
Preferred stock
   
Common stock
   
Additional
   
Accumulated
Other
             
Total
stockholders
 
   
No. of
   
Par
   
No. of
   
Par
   
paid-in
   
comprehensive
   
Retained
   
Earning
 
Earning 
 
   
shares
   
value
   
Shares
   
Value
   
capital
   
income
   
earnings
   
reserve
 
reserve equity
 
Balance as of December 31, 2007
    1,774,194     $ 1,774       6,205,290     $ 6,205       9,260,607     $ 1,134,270     $ 7,529,119         $ 17,931,975  
                                                                     
Shares issued for private placement, net of offering costs of $1,264,451 in cash and $541,695 in warrants.
                    4 ,691,499       4,691       9,990,465       -       -           9,995, 1 56  
Shares and warrants issued for the acquisition of subsidiary at fair value
    -       -       1,419,729       1,420       2,930,231       -       -           2,931,651  
Shares issued for services
                    7,304       7       15,185                           15,192  
Warrant exercised
    -       -       75,000       75       107,425       -       -           107,500  
Preferred share converted
    (1,400,628 )     (1,401 )     1,400,628       1,401       -       -       -           -  
Minority share purchased
                                    662,491                           662,491  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                   
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       -     $
( 4,136,332
)         (4,163,332 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       -       -       480,812       -           480,812  
Total comprehensive income
                                                                (3,682,520 )
Profit earning reserves
                                                         
963,106
    963,106  
                                                                     
Balance as of December 31, 2008
    373,566     $ 373       1 3 ,799,450     $ 1 3 , 7 9 9     $ 22,966,404     $ 1,615,082     $ 3,365,788   $
963,10 6
    28,924,551  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
F-7

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

1.
ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS BACKGROUND

China Solar & Clean Energy Solutions, Inc. (“China Solar”), formerly known as Deli Solar (USA) Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on March 21, 1983 as Meditech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Meditech”). In late 2004, the Board of Directors of Meditech contemplated a strategic reorganization with Deli Solar Holding Ltd., a corporation organized in the British Virgin Islands (“Deli Solar (BVI)”). In contemplation of the reorganization, the Board of Directors resolved to spin off Meditech's drug development business to the shareholders of Meditech of record on February 17, 2005, through a pro rata distribution in the form of a stock dividend. The spin-off was completed on August 29, 2005. The acquisition of Deli Solar (BVI) was accounted for as a recapitalization of Deli Solar (BVI).

Deli Solar (BVI) was formed in June 2004. On August 1, 2004, Deli Solar (BVI) purchased Bazhou Deli Solar Energy Heating Co., Ltd. (“Deli Solar (Bazhou)”), a corporation duly organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) from Messrs. Deli Du, Xiao'er Du, and Xiaosan Du for RMB 6,800,000. As a result of this transaction, Deli Solar (Bazhou) became a wholly-foreign owned enterprise ("WFOE") under PRC law on March 30, 2005. This acquisition was accounted for as a transfer of entities under common control.

Deli Solar (Bazhou) was incorporated on August 19, 1997 under the laws of the PRC. In the PRC, Ltd, or Limited, is equivalent to Inc, or Incorporated, in the United States (“US”).

The result of the above transactions is that Deli Solar (BVI) is now our direct, wholly-owned subsidiary and Deli Solar (Bazhou) remains a wholly-owned subsidiary of Deli Solar (BVI).

On November 21, 2005 Deli Solar (Bazhou) acquired Ailiyang Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Ailiyang”), an entity formerly controlled by the owners of Deli Solar (Bazhou). The transaction was accounted for as a transfer of entities under common control.

Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Deli Solar (Beijing)”) was founded in 2006 and is principally engaged in solar power heater integrated construction projects in major cities in the PRC.

During 2007, the Company set up a branch sales office in the cities of Lian Yun Gang and the City of Bazhou to provide sales support in those cities as sole-proprietorship of its chief executive officer and president, Mr. Deli Du. The sole proprietorships are considered variable interest entities because they (1) lack equity sufficient to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support and (2) the Company, and not Mr. Deli Du, absorbs the losses or receives the gains.

Based upon a review of the provisions of FIN 46R, the structure of the agreements and activities of the entities described above, the Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the sole proprietorships at December 31, 2007. If the facts and circumstances change in the future, the Company could determine that it is no longer the primary beneficiary, which would require China Solar to de-consolidate the sole-proprietorships. The Company's investment in the sole-proprietorships was immaterial as of December 31, 2007.

On July 1, 2007, Deli Solar (Beijing) acquired 51% of Tianjin Hua Neng Energy Equipment Company (“Tianjin Huaneng”), which manufactures energy saving boilers and environmental protection equipment for industrial customers. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method. See Note 2.

On April 1, 2008, Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd (“Deli Solar (Beijing)”) acquired 100% of Shenzhen Pengsangpu Solar Industrial Products Corporation (“SZPSP”), which is engaged in the re-sale of energy-saving related heating products such as heat pipes, heat exchangers, pressure water boilers, solar energy heaters and raditors. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method. See Note 2.

On October 27, 2008, Deli Solar (Beijing), entered into an agreement to acquire approximately 29.97% of the outstanding equity interest of Tianjin Huaneng, from the minority shareholders of Tianjin Huaneng.  
As a result of the consummation of the agreement and the additional capital contribution, the Company owns approximately 91.82% of the equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng.

China Solar, Deli Solar (BVI), Deli Solar (Bazhou), Ailiyang, Deli Solar (Beijing), Tianjin Huaneng, SZPSP are hereinafter referred to as (“the Company”).

 
F-8

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

·
Basis of presentation

These accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

·
Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of China Solar, Deli Solar (BVI), Deli Solar (Bazhou), Ailiyang, Deli Solar (Beijing), Tianjin Huaneng, Shenzhen Pengsangpu and the VIE.

The Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities ” (“FIN 46R”). The sole-proprietorship business in the name of Mr. Deli Du is regarded a VIE of the Company and is consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The Company evaluates its relationship with other entities to identify whether they are variable interest entities, as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 46 (revised), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" (FIN 46R), and assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of such entities. If the determination is made that the Company is the primary beneficiary, then that entity is included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with FIN 46R.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions within the Company have been eliminated upon consolidation.

·
Use of estimates

In preparing these financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the years reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

·
Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had $2,404,996 and $5,466,637, respectively, in cash equivalents.

·
Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due from customers. The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and determined based on management’s assessment of known requirements, aging of receivables, payment history, the customer’s current credit worthiness and the economic environment.

·
Inventories

Inventories include direct materials, labor and factory overhead and are stated at lower of cost or market value, cost being determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews historical sales activity to determine excess, slow moving items and potentially obsolete items and also evaluates the impact of any anticipated changes in future demand. The Company provides inventory allowances based on excess and obsolete inventories determined principally by customer demand. As of December 31, 2008, and 2007, the Company recorded $246,408 and $0 in write-offs.

 
F-9

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

·
Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational and after taking into account their estimated residual values. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives as follows:
 
   
Depreciable life
 
Residual value
 
Buildings
 
6-50 years
   
10
%
Plant and machinery
 
10 years
   
10
%
Office equipments
 
7 years
   
10
%
Motor vehicles
 
7 years
   
10
%
Computer equipment
 
3 years
   
10
%

·
Construction-in-progress

All facilities purchased for installation, self-made or subcontracted are accounted for under construction-in-progress. Construction-in-progress is recorded at acquisition cost, including cost of facilities, installation expenses and the interest capitalized during the course of construction for the purpose of financing the project. Upon completion and readiness for use of the project, the cost of construction-in-progress is to be transferred to fixed assets.

·
Goodwill and intangible assets
 
We account for business combinations in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations , which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. SFAS 141 requires intangible assets acquired in a business combination to be recognized and reported separately from goodwill.
 
Goodwill represents the cost of the acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets purchased. We generally seek the assistance of independent valuation experts in determining the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible net assets of the acquired business. We assign all the assets and liabilities of the acquired business, including goodwill, to reporting units in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets .
 
We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. In this process, we rely on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows. Recoverability of goodwill is evaluated using a two-step process. The first step involves a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the process involves a comparison of the fair value and carrying value of the goodwill of that reporting unit. If the carrying value of the goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Goodwill of a reporting unit will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.   During the year ended December 31, 2008, we incurred a goodwill impairment charge of RMB16.8 million ($2.4 million).   This impairment charge relates to our acquisition for SZPSP as our management has significantly adjusted downward our cash flow forecast for next five years because of the business model of the reporting unit.
 
We evaluate intangible assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If these assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Furthermore, SFAS No. 142 requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Purchased intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. No impairment of intangibles has been identified since the date of acquisition. All lands in the PRC are owned by the PRC government. The government in the PRC, according to the relevant PRC law, may sell the right to use the land for a specified period of time. Thus, all of the Company’s land purchases in the PRC are considered to be leasehold land and are stated at amortized cost. Amortization is provided over the term of the land use right agreements on a straight-line basis, which is 50 years and they will expire in 2048, 2051 and 2054.

·
Impairment of long-lived assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” , a long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of assets to estimated undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets. There has been no impairment as of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.

 
F-10

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

·
Revenue recognition

The Company sells their products and services under a bundled sales arrangement, which typically include equipment, installation, testing and maintenance components. The components of equipment, installation and testing are non-separable and considered as a single unit of deliverables, namely product revenue. Hence, the product and maintenance are considered separate units of accounting in the arrangement. Revenues under these bundled arrangements are allocated considering the relative fair values of two separate deliverables: (a) product deliverable and (b) maintenance deliverable, included in the bundled arrangement based on the estimated relative fair values of each element in accordance with EITF 00-21, “Accounting for Multiple Element Revenue Arrangements” and recognized when the applicable revenue recognition criteria for each element are met. Revenue from product deliverables is recognized upon final acceptance, which is signed by the customer when installation is completed. Revenue from maintenance support for the Company’s products are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the service period upon the acceptance of the products, which is generally 12 months.

Revenue from the provision of energy-saving projects are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, transfer of title has occurred or services have been rendered, the selling price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

Project revenue under sales-type leases

In accordance with SFAS No. 13, "Accounting for Leases", the Company recognizes interest income over the lease term so as to produce a constant rate of return on the net investment in the lease using effective interest method.

Under sales-type leases, the Company also recognizes a profit (or loss) at the beginning of the lease term.
Sales revenue should be recorded for the fair value of the leased asset, or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments, computed using the interest rate implicit in the lease. Cost of sales should be recorded for the carrying amount of the leased asset, less the present value of the unguaranteed residual value.

The Company recognizes its revenues net of value-added taxes (“VAT”). The Company is subject to VAT which is levied on the majority of the products at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.

·
Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of material costs, direct labor, inbound freight charges, depreciation and manufacturing overheads, which are directly attributable to the manufactured products and the provision of the energy-saving projects. Additionally, costs of revenue includes purchasing, and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs and costs associated with distribution networks. 

·
Operating expenses

Selling and distribution expenses consist primarily of non-cash sales promotions, outbound distribution, traveling and transportation expenses, and agency administration expenses. The nature of outbound distribution, traveling, and transportation expenses includes outbound shipping and handling costs related to the sale of our products. It is our Company’s accounting policy to differentiate outbound shipping costs from inbound shipping costs. Inbound shipping costs are capitalized in inventory and charged to costs of sales at the time revenue is recognized. Outbound shipping and handling costs recorded in selling and distribution expense totaled $ 515,363 , $177,413 and $65,312, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. General and administrative expenses include advertising expenses and salaries and benefits.

·
Advertising expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) Statement of Position 93-7, “Reporting for Advertising Costs” . Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $1,423,914 ,   $1,415,493 and$1,106,488, respectively.

·
Retirement plan costs

Contributions to retirement schemes (which are defined contribution plans) are charged to general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as the related employee service is provided.

·
Comprehensive income

SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”, establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income, as presented in the accompanying statement of changes in owners’ equity consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation. This comprehensive income is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit.

 
F-11

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

·
Income taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using SFAS No. 109 “Accounting for Income Taxes” , which requires the asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes are provided for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for the expected future tax benefits from loss carry-forwards and provisions, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected in the years of recovery or reversal and the effect from a change in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion of, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

·
Net income per share

The Company calculates net income per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Basic income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed similar to basic income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.

·
Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency of the Company is United States dollar (“US$”). Transactions denominated in currency other than US$ are translated into US$ at the average rate for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currency other than US$ are translated into US$ at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in other expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

The financial records of the Company’s operating subsidiaries are maintained in their local currency, the Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates, and income and expenses items are translated using the average rate for the period. The translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income.

·
Stock based compensation

Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Bulletin No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees , or APB No. 25 and related interpretations. Compensation expense for stock options was recognized ratably over the vesting period.

 
F-12

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, Share-Based Payment , or SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective application method. Under SFAS No. 123R, stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the value of the option or restricted stock and is recognized as expense, less expected forfeitures, over the requisite service period.
 
·
Product Warranty

The Company provides a three-year standard warranty to all Deli Solar (Bazhou) manufactured products. Repair and replacement of defective component parts during the first year following purchase are covered under the standard warranty program. In the second and third year, repair services are covered under the warranty program but customers pay for the purchase of the replacement parts. Warranty services are performed by our independent sales agents and distributors in return for a 1%-2% discount of the purchase price they pay for our products. No discount is provided to independent sales agents and distributors unless and until warranty services are provided to the Company. The Company has not experienced any material returns and therefore has not provided any discount to independent sales agents and distributors for warranty services.

Under the terms of the contracts for energy-saving projects, the Company provides a product warranty on the equipment sold to its customers for a period of twelve months upon the completion of installation at the Company’s expense.

The Company has not experienced any material returns where it was under obligation to honor this standard warranty provision. As such, no reserve for product warranty has been provided in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.  

·
Segment reporting

SFAS No. 131 “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements. The Company operates in four principal reportable segments: Sales of solar heater or boiler related products, heat pipe related products, Energy-saving projects, and Solar heater collector and others.

·
Fair value of financial instruments

The Company values its financial instruments as required by SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” . The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company, using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. The estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables and prepayments, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities. As of the balance sheet date, the estimated fair values of financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented due to short maturities of these instruments.

 
F-13

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

·
Registration payment arrangements

The Company accounts for registration payment arrangement in accordance with FASB Staff Position EITF 00-19-2, Accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements ("FSP EITF 00-19-2") which provides guidance on the accounting for registration payment arrangements. FSP EITF 00-19-2 specifies that the contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment arrangement, whether issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial instrument or other agreement, should be separately recognized and measured in accordance with FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. A registration payment arrangement is defined in FSP EITF 00-19-2 as an arrangement with both of the following characteristics: (1) the arrangement specifies that the issuer will endeavor (a) to file a registration statement for the resale of specified financial instruments and/or for the resale of equity shares that are issuable upon exercise or conversion of specified financial instruments and for that registration statement to be declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission within a specified grace period, and/or (b) to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement for a specified period of time (or in perpetuity); and(2) the arrangement requires the issuer to transfer consideration to the counterparty if the registration statement for the resale of the financial instrument or instruments subject to the arrangement is not declared effective or if effectiveness of the registration statement is not maintained.

·
Uncertain tax positions

The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and foreign jurisdictions, principally the PRC. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to the reverse merger on March 31, 2005. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has not commenced any examinations of the Company's U.S. income tax returns for the year 2005, of which reverse merger taking place, through 2008.

The Company did not have any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 as a result of the implementation of FIN 48. As of December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any significant liability for unrecognized tax benefits. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company did not have any interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

3.           RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) adopted rule amendments that replace the category of “Small Business Issuers” with a broader category of “Smaller Reporting Companies.”  Under these rules, a "Smaller Reporting Company" is a company with a public float less than $75,000,000 (measured at end of Q2).  Companies that meet this definition are able to elect "scaled disclosure standards" on an item-by-item or "a-la-carte" basis.  With this change, the SEC has streamlined and simplified reporting for many companies, and has not added any significant disclosure requirements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” , or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 permits companies to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. It is expected to expand the use of fair value measurements which is consistent with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s long-term measurement objectives for accounting for financial instruments. SFAS 159 is effective for our first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007, which is our fiscal year 2008 that begins in January 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this statement to its financial position and results of operations.

 
F-14

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), ‘’Business Combinations’’ , or SFAS No. 141R. SFAS No. 141R will change the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No. 141R, an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. SFAS No. 141R will change the accounting treatment and disclosure for certain specific items in a business combination. SFAS No. 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Accordingly, any business combinations we engage in will be recorded and disclosed following existing GAAP until January 1, 2009. We expect SFAS No. 141R will have an impact on accounting for business combinations once adopted but the effect is dependent upon acquisitions at that time. We are still assessing the impact of this pronouncement.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51’’ , or SFAS No. 160. SFAS No. 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We believe that SFAS 160 should not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
 
4.           ACQUISITION

On May 18, 2007, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd. entered into a purchase agreement to acquire 51% equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng, to expand market share, held by Tianjin Municipal Ji County State-owned Assets Administration Commission for a total purchase price of $3,149,147. By supplemental agreement dated August 8, 2007, the purchase price was reduced to approximately $1,689,741. The Company also incurred additional cost of $769,418 related to finder’s fee, which has been included in the total cost of the acquisition of $2,459,159. The finder’s fee was paid to Tianjin Wangshitong Corporate Consulting Co, Ltd., an unrelated third party. As of December 31, 2007, the Company paid approximately $2,345,018 of the purchase price and the finder’s fee. The remaining balance as of the date of this report was $114,141. In addition, the Company agreed to provide working capital of approximately $2.6 million to Tianjin Huaneng. The accounting date of the acquisition was July 1, 2007 and was accounted for under the purchase method. Tianjin Huaneng results of operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Tianjin Huaneng is principally engaged in the design, development and manufacturing and marketing of energy-saving related heating products such as heat pipes, heat exchangers, specialty heating pipes and tubes, high temperature hot blast stoves, heating filters, normal pressure water boilers, solar energy water heaters and radiators. These products are distributed in the PRC and Southeast Asia. Goodwill recorded as part of the purchase price allocation was $1,708,665. Identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition included definite-lived intangibles such as land use rights which totaled $256,157, with a weighted average amortization period of approximately 50 years.

The aggregate purchase price was $2,459,159, including $1,689,741 of cash and costs related to the acquisition of $769,418. Below is a summary of the total purchase price:
 
Cash
  $ 1,689,741  
Direct acquisition costs
      769,418  
  
       
Total purchase price
  $ 2,459,159  
 
In June 2008, the purchase price allocation was finalized which resulted to no adjustment to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The following table represents the final purchase price allocation to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
 
   
 
As of July 1,
2007
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 196,150  
Accounts receivable
    2,362,792  
Inventories
    1,665,617  
Prepayments and other receivables
    441,882  
Property, plant and equipment
    589,985  
Land use rights
    256,157  
Goodwill
      1,789,324  
Total assets acquired
  $ 7,301,907  
Short-term bank loan
  $ 588,899  
Accounts payable
    573,479  
Deferred revenue
    340,856  
Advances from customers
    1,326,665  
Value-added tax payable
    440,207  
Income taxes payable
    458,705  
Deferred tax liabilities
    16,059  
Accrued liabilities and other payables
    716,188  
Long-term payables
      381,690  
Total liabilities assumed
      4,842,748  
Net assets acquired
  $ 2,459,159  
 
On October 27, 2008, Deli Solar (Beijing), entered into an agreement to acquire approximately 29.97% of the outstanding equity interest of Tianjin Huaneng, from the minority shareholders of Tianjin Huaneng.  

Cash Purchase Price : Under the agreement, Deli Solar (Beijing) agreed to pay to the Tianjin Huaneng shareholders RMB 10.68 million ($1,557,578 US Dollars) payable in cash within seven days of the execution of the agreement. Of this aggregate amount, RMB 3.52 million ($515,026) was actually paid at the completion of the acquisition, and the remaining RMB 7.16 million ($1,047,611) will be paid in three annual installments in the next three years.

Warrants Purchase Price : In addition to the cash purchase price, the Company also agreed to issue to the Tianjin Huaneng shareholders a total of 1,000,000 five year warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.10 per share.

In addition, the Company decided to increase its equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng by contributing an additional RMB 15,740,000 ($2,295,531 US Dollars) to the registered capital of Tianjin Huaneng.

As a result of the consummation of the agreement and the additional capital contribution, the Company owns approximately 91.82% of the equity interest in Tianjin Huaneng.

 
F-15

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

The $1,789,324 of goodwill was assigned to the heat solar and related products segment. The company does not expect goodwill to be tax deductible in the PRC.
 
The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2007 acquisition as if they had occurred on January 1, 2007. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company’s results of operations for any future period.
 
   
 
Years ended December 31,
 
   
 
2008
   
2007
 
             
Pro forma net sales
  $ 53,683,651     $ 46,937,497  
                 
Pro forma net income
        (4,163,332 )     2,480,272  
                 
Pro forma earnings per common share — net income
               
Basic
  $ (0.34 )   $ 0.20  
Diluted
  $ (0.34 )   $ 0.20  
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
               
Basic
      12,158,482       12,316,518  
Diluted
      12,158,482       12,699,332  

On January 9, 2008 and March 25, 2008 Beijing Deli Solar Technology Development Co., Ltd., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“Deli Solar (Beijing)”), entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement, a Complementary Agreement and a Supplementary, with Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation (“SZPSP”) and its shareholders to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity interests of SZPSP from its three current shareholders. The closing will be effective March 31, 2008.
 
Under the agreements, Deli Solar (Beijing) agreed to purchase the 100% equity interest of SZPSP from its current three shareholders.  Part of the consideration of the transaction is RMB 28.8 million ($4,087,832) payable in cash. This purchase price is based on an appraisal of SZPSP. The three shareholders of SZPSP agreed to loan the cash proceeds back to SZPSP interest free to be used for working capital. Fifty (50%) of the principal amount of the loan is required to be paid prior to March 31, 2009 and the remaining 50% balance is required to be paid prior to March 31, 2010.  

In addition to the payment of the cash purchase price under the Complementary Agreement the parties agreed to an appraisal value of RMB 20 million of SZPSP’s intangible assets which was paid in 1,419,729 shares of common stock. Provided that if on the first anniversary of the closing the common stock price is lower than $2, the Company will pay the difference. Fifty percent (50%) of these shares shall be transferable and unrestricted within one year after the Closing and the remaining Fifty percent (50%) transferable within two years. The shares shall be transferred to SZPSP within 180 days of the closing.  In addition, as part of the purchase price, the shareholders of SZPSP will receive five years warrants to purchase a total of 141,973 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.5 per share subject to future adjustments such as stock splits and transactions similar in nature.

SZPSP warranted in the Complementary Agreement that if (i) its sales revenue is less than RMB 99 million (approximately $13,670,068) with an after-tax net profit of less than RMB 9.43 million (approximately $1,302,108) for the year ended December 31, 2008; or (ii) if in the year ended December 31, 2009, it does not reach the targeted sales revenue of RMB 143.9 million (approximately $19,868,336) or the after-tax net profit of RMB 12.13 million (approximately $1,674,789), the differential part that has not achieved the profit for the year specified will be paid by reducing the amount payable on the shareholders’ loan. If the shareholders’ loan is not sufficient to pay the difference, the common shares held by SZPSP will be returned to us to the extent necessary for the remaining balance. For the year ended December 31, 2008, RMB 7 million (approximately $1,029,336) has been accrued to reduce the amount payable on the shareholders’ loan.

The current shareholders of SZPSP, being the management of SZPSP, will enter into employment contracts with the Company for a term of three years to remain in their current managing positions of SZPSP, subject to further amendments of such employment arrangement.

After the Closing, Deli Solar (Beijing) has the right to a majority of the board seats of SZPSP.
 
The accounting date of the acquisition was April 1, 2008 and was accounted for under the purchase method. SZPSP results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2008 have been included in consolidated financial statements. The acquisition of SZPSP will enable the Company to immediately begin leveraging its technology and engineering capabilities and expertise, and will significantly expand China Solar’s customer base and present a commercial and industrial market opportunity for solar water heaters in southern China.

The estimated aggregate purchase price was $7,019,483. Below is a summary of the total purchase price:

Cash
    4,087,832  
Fair value of 1,419,729 common stock
    2,839,458  
Fair value of 141,973 warrants
    92,193  
Total purchase price
    7,019,483  

Our purchase price allocation for the SZPSP acquisition was finalized on June 30, 2008. The following table represents the final purchase price allocation to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

   
As of April 1, 
2008
 
   
(Unaudited)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
    87,316  
Restricted cash
    84,304  
Accounts receivable, net
  $ 510,269  
Inventories
    325,429  
Net investment in sales-type leases
    966,806  
Prepayments and other receivables
    217,606  
Property, plant and equipment
    1,275,287  
Customer relationships
    1,100,000  
Intellectual property
    1,250,000  
Goodwill
    3,055,769  
Total assets acquired
  $ 8,872,786  
         
Short-team bank loan
    710,668  
Accounts payable
    908,124  
Deferred revenue
    23,217  
Accrued liabilities and other payables
    211,294  
Total liabilities assumed
    1,853,303  
Net assets acquired
  $ 7,019,483  

 
The $3,055,769 of goodwill was expected to be assigned to the solar heater/boiler related products segment and a new segment of energy-saving projects. The Company does not expect goodwill to be tax deductible in the PRC. Of the $2,350,000 of acquired intangible assets, $310,000 was assigned to in-process research and development which was written off during the nine months ended December 31, 2008, $940,000 was assigned to existing intellectual property, and $1,100,000 was assigned to customer relationships. The acquired identifiable intangibles assets have a weighted-average amortization period totaling approximately 10 years and residual value totaling approximately $0.

The fair value of the IPRD was derived using a discounted cash flow method. Management analyzed expected future revenues from product sales and thereafter based on the research and development being underway at the date of acquisition. Technology feasibility was determined based on management review of the product life spans and also the rate of change in the industry. Based on the analysis management made assumptions as to the portion of product revenue going forward which would be derived from products based on current research and development. The significant assumptions with respect to the percentage of revenues going forward from products based on IPRD are as outlined in the following table:

   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
 
Break down of Revenue - IPRD versus products
    90 %     80 %     75 %     70 %     65 %
Existing products
    10 %     20 %     25 %     30 %     35 %
IPRD
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %

Upon further review, certain R&D underway was later determined to not warrant completion and that future products based on the R&D were discontinued given the demand in the market.

Our internal technology specialists did a scientific and technological evaluation of the research expenditures of Shenzen Pengsangpu Solar Industrial Products Corporation. Our evaluation was based on a number of factors, including,

1)
Commercial viability of products being researched and developed

2)
Anticipated level of patent protection
 
3)
Competitive environment for products being researched and developed

At the date of acquisition, the technology feasibility has not been established and there is no alternative future use. Through this evaluation we determined that $310,000 of expenditures had no future value and accordingly should be written off  immediately.

The property, plant and equipment acquired consists of plant machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and leasehold improvements with estimated depreciable lives of 5 years and residual value is 10% of the cost of assets.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information gives effect to the acquisition of Shenzhen PengSangPu Solar Industrial Products Corporation as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2008. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company’s results of operations for any future period.  

   
For the Year
Ended
 
   
December 31,
2008
 
   
(Unaudited)
 
Pro forma revenues
  $ 54,077,571  
Pro forma net loss
  $ (4,163,333 )
         
Pro forma loss per common share
       
Basic and diluted
  $ (0.34 )
         
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    12,158,482  
 
5.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

The majority of the Company’s sales are on open credit terms and in accordance with terms specified in the contracts governing the relevant transactions. The Company evaluates the need of an allowance for doubtful accounts based on specifically identified amounts that management believes to be uncollectible. If actual collections experience changes, revisions to the allowance may be required.
 
   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
           
Accounts receivable, cost
  $ 8,129,289     $ 8,219,804  
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
      ( 845,034 )       (766,795 )
                 
Accounts receivable, net
  $ 7,284,255     $ 7,453,009  

For the year ended December 31, 2008, there is no recorded reversal of the allowance for doubtful accounts.  For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 845,034 .

 
F-16

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

6.            INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Raw materials
  $ 1,443,266     $ 656,605  
Consumables
    4,320       5,359  
Work-in-process
    21,269       2,464,441  
Finished goods
    5,481,989       749,253  
                 
Inventories
  $ 6,950,844     $ 3,875,658  
 
During the year 2008, we make impai rment test for inventory, and  recognized  impairment loss for Bazhou and Tianjin Huaneng respectively for: $ 71,544  and $174 , 864.

7.           OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTS

Other receivables and prepayments consisted of the following:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Advance to suppliers
  $
1,389,998
    $ 493,421  
Notes receivable
    727,175          
Prepaid expenses
    159,089       249,598  
Income tax receivable
    195,549       894,268  
Other receivables
    5,398,764       661  
                 
Other receivables and prepayments
  $ 7,870,575     $ 1,637,948  
 
During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company received the amount of $82,639 being the settlement of related party receivables for an advance to one of the Company’s directors. Related party receivable as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 were in the amounts of $-0- and $-0- respectively.

Following please find the detail information for other receivables:

Shenzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd.

On January 21, 2008, we entered into a letter of intent (“LOI”) with Mr. Caowei Liang, Ms. Xuemei Mo and Mr. Huafeng Mo (the “Fuwaysun Shareholders”), the three shareholders holding the entire equity interests of Shengzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd. (“Fuwaysun”), a PRC company primarily engaged in the development and production of solar pest killing lamps and transportable solar generators. Pursuant to the LOI, we will acquire 60% of Fuwaysun’s entire equity interests (the “Acquisition”) from the Fuwaysun Shareholders at a purchase price equal to 60% of Fuwaysun’s audited net assets as of January 30, 2008 (the “Purchase Price”). We will pay the purchase price with cash and our shares as to be agreed by the parties.
 
In April, 2008, we entered into two loan agreements with Fuwaysun (the “Loan Agreements”), pursuant to which we made two loans to Fuwaysun as working capital for six months, one for $3,000,000 and the other for RMB3,000,000 ($424,352) (the “Loans”), respectively. The Loan Agreements are substantially identical, except for the amounts of the loans. Pursuant to the Loan Agreements, if we complete the Acquisition within six months, we will cancel the Loans to offset the Purchase Price; if we cannot complete the Acquisition within six months, Fuwaysun must repay the Loans with 30 days after the expiration of the six months plus interest on the Loans at a rate of 12% per annum. However, if Fuwaysun refuses to our Acquisition, Fuwaysun shall repay the Loans plus accrued interest at a rate of 20% per annum within 30 days thereafter and pay us liquidated damages equal to 5% of the Purchase Price. If Fuwaysun fails to repay either Loan pursuant to the applicable Loan Agreement, it shall pay us additional interest on such Loan at a rate of 0.5% per day. We has increased loan to Fuwaysun to RMB 6.45 million at December 31, 2008 (approximately $943,728).

On April 9, 2009, we entered into a supplement agreement with the Fuwaysun Shareholders and Fuwaysun (the “Supplement Agreement”) and extended both the date for the parties to complete the Acquisition and the maturity date of the Loans to June 30, 2009 and otherwise retained the terms of the LOI and the Loan Agreements.

Shenzhen Xiongri Solar Co., Ltd.

In 2006, we entered into a series of agreements with the three shareholders of Shenzhen Xiongri Solar Co., Ltd. (“Xiongri”) to purchase 60% of the entire equity interests of Xiongri for RMB2,000,000 ($282,901). The three shareholders agreed to loan RMB2, 000,000 to Xiongri as working capital. We have not complete the transfer of the 60% equity interests. On April 9, 2009, the parties entered into a supplement agreement and agreed to complete the transfer of the 60% equity interests by June 30, 2009

Investment in Sales-type Leases

The Company engages in installing energy-saving facilities and leasing the equipment facilities to customers under sales-type leasing arrangement.

As of December 31, 2008, the future minimum rentals to be received on non-cancelable sales-type leases are as follows:

Years ending December 31,
     
2009
    147,251  
2010
    147,251  
2011
    147,251  
2012
    147,251  
2013
    147,251  
Thereafter
    1,138,228  
    $ 1,874,483  

8.            PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Buildings
  $ 9,122,488     $ 5,573,982  
Plant and machinery
    3,498,396       1,836,914  
Office equipments
    242,497       1,004,118  
Motor vehicles
    737,009       81,497  
Computer equipment
    239,309       13,507  
Construction in progress
    4,263,517       2,118,615  
      18,103,216       10,628,633  
                 
Less: accumulated depreciation
    (2,737,207 )     (1,809,417 )
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 15,366,009     $ 8,819,216  

 
F-17

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $955,443, $282,822, and $162,695, respectively.
 
9.            INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

 
As of December 31,
 
 
2008
 
2007
 
         
Land use rights, at cost
  $
1, 827,990
    $ 1,654,998  
Less: accumulated amortization
   
( 118,806
)     (57,077 )
                 
Land use rights, net
  $
1 , 709,184
    $ 1,597,921  

All lands in the PRC are owned by the PRC government. The government in the PRC, according to the relevant PRC law, may sell the right to use the land for a specified period of time. Thus, all of the Company’s land purchases in the PRC are considered to be leasehold land and are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and any recognized impairment loss. Amortization is provided over the term of the land use right agreement which is 50 years, on a straight-line basis. Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $ 61,729 , $41,335, and $15,742, respectively.
 
Customer relationships and intellectual property – unpatented consisted of the following:

 
As of December 31,
 
 
2008
 
2007
 
         
Customer relationships
  $
1,100,000
    $ 0  
Less: accumulated amortization
   
(82,500
)     0  
Intellectual property - unpatented
  $
940,000
    $ 0  
Less: accumulated amortization
   
(70,500
)     0  
Customer relationships and intellectual property – unpatented, net
  $
1, 887 ,000
    $ 0  

Customer relationships and intellectual property – unpatented were obtained from SZPSP acquisition. The estimated amortization period is 10 years.

10.         OTHER PAYABLES AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Other payables and accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Related party payable
  $
0
    $ -  
Accrued expenses
   
738,898
      608,315  
Customer deposits
   
2,848,444
      2,281,909  
Other payables
   
1,403,293
      3,508,066  
Taxes payables
   
2,2 36 ,2 98
      1,359,140  
Deferred revenue
   
1,159,765
      795,022  
    $
8,386,698
    $ 8,552,452  

During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company repaid Mr. Deli Du the amount of $22,528. Related party payable to Mr. Deli Du as of December 31, 2007 and 2008was in the amount of $-0-.

11.         STOCK HOLDERS’ EQUITY

Authorized Capital

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 66,666,667 shares of $0.001 par value per share common stock and 25,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value per share preferred stock

 
F-18

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

Class A Preferred stock

The Company has designated 3,500,000 of its Preferred Shares as Class A Convertible Preferred Shares. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the corporation, Class A Convertible Preferred Shareholders shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Corporation, an amount equal to $1.55 per share. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be initially convertible into one (1) share of Common Stock subject to adjustment for stock dividend and stock splits, sale or issuance of common stock at a price which is less than $1.55, at the option of the investors, at any time after the original issue date.

The Class A Convertible Preferred Shares contain a beneficial conversion feature in favor of the holder. The beneficial conversion feature was measured at its intrinsic value at the date of issuance of the shares and is recognized immediately as a return to the preferred shareholders through a charge to retained earnings, since the conversion feature is immediately exercisable by the holders. Although there is no impact on net income, the charge to retained earnings affects the computation of both basic and diluted EPS for US GAAP in the same way that dividends on the preferred shares do. The charge during the year of 2008 and 2007 was $0 and $975,807.

Sale of Units

On June 13, 2007, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Barron Partners L.P., and two accredited investors in a private placement (“Private Placement) providing for the sale of: (i) 1,774,194 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock; (ii) stock purchase warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,774,194 shares of common stock at a price of $1.90 per share; and (iii) stock purchase warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,774,194 shares of common stock at a price of $2.40 per share. In connection with the Private Placement, the Company deposited 900,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into escrow as security in the event (i) the earnings target for 2007 is not met and (ii) the earnings target for 2008 is not met. The 900,000 shares held in escrow were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as the earnings target for 2007 was met and the fulfillment of earnings target for 2008 has not been determined. Net proceeds of $2,581,000 were used to finance business acquisitions.

During the year of 2008, 1,400,628 shares of preferred stock were converted to the same number of shares of common stock.

Registration Rights
 
In connection with the private placement on June 13, 2007, the Company deposited 900,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into escrow as security. If the Company’s consolidated pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2007 was less than $3,000,000 (or pretax income per share of $0.22 on a fully diluted basis), the Company was required to deliver to the investors (pro rata according to the relative size of their investment) a number of the escrow shares to be determined based on the shortfall by which the Company failed to achieve the 2007 earnings target. If the Company’s consolidated pre-tax income for the year ending December 31, 2008 is less than $5,500,000 (or pretax income per share of $0.40 on a fully diluted basis) the investors were entitled to receive (pro rata according to the relative size of their investment) a number of the remaining escrow shares to be determined based on the shortfall by which the Company failed to achieve 2008 earnings target. The agreement with the investors further provided that the investors will not be entitled to any of the remaining escrow shares and all remaining escrow shares shall be returned to the Company if the Company did not receive at least $4,000,000 from the investors, either through the exercise of warrants, or additional equity financing, within 90 days after the effectiveness of the first registration statement filed pursuant to a certain registration rights agreement entered into with the investors concurrently. The registration statement in question was declared effective on February 7, 2008 The earnings target for the year ended December 31, 007 was met, thus 900,000 escrow shares remained in escrow at the beginning of the year ending December 31, 2008. However, the 900,000 shares held in escrow were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008 as the escrow shares were to be returned to the Company since the investors did not provide at least $4,000,000 in additional equity financing within 90 days after the effectiveness of the first registration statement and the diluted earnings per share were the same as basic earnings per share due to the net loss result in 2008.

 
F-19

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

Common stock

On March 30, 2005, the Company issued 4,067,968 shares of its common stock in the recapitalization transaction with Deli Solar (BVI).

On March 30, 2005, the Company issued 1,714,290 shares of its common stock at $3.50 per share in a private placement transaction along with five year warrants to purchase 1,714,290 additional common shares at $3.85 per share. Gross proceeds to the Company totaled $6,000,015 and costs of issuance totaled $1,348,626.

On August 15, 2005 the Company effected a 1:6 reverse stock split. Fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole share. These financial statements have been retroactively restated to give effect to the reverse split for all periods presented. Immediately prior to the reverse stock split there were 36,850,379 common shares outstanding and following the split there were 6,145,290 shares outstanding.

In October 2005, the Company issued 60,000 shares of its common stock in exercise of warrants.

On February 29, 2008, the Company completed a private placement of 4,691,499 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11,300,000. The Company received $9,995,156 as net proceeds from this financing.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the Company issued 1,400,628 shares of common stock as part of the conversion of Series A Preferred Stock.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, certain investors exercised their warrants to purchase an aggregate of 75,000 shares of common stock totaling $107,500.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the Company granted 7,304 shares of common stock to a former Board member in exchange for services. The shares were valued at $2.08 per share or an aggregate total of $15,192.

Common Stocks Held in Escrow

In connection with the private placement on February 29, 2008, the Company deposited 2,000,000 shares of common stock (“Make Good Shares”) into escrow and we are required to deliver (i) 1,000,000 of the Make Good Shares to the investors on a pro rata basis for no additional consideration in the event that the Company’s after-tax net income for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008 is less than $4.8 million; and (ii) 1,000,000 of the Make Good Shares to the investors on a pro rata basis for no additional consideration in the event that the Company’s after-tax net income for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009 is less than $8 million. As of December 31, 2008, the after-tax net income target of $4.8 million has not been met.

Warrants for services

In connection with the Private Placement on June 13, 2007, the Board of Directors granted to consultants and agents warrants to purchase an aggregate of 181,452 shares of the Company’s common stock, of which 75,000 warrants are exercisable at US$2.90 per share and 106,452 warrants are exercisable at US$2.71 per share, or on a cashless exercise basis. The warrants vested immediately and expire on June 13, 2012. The market price of the stock was US$2.10 per share on the grant date. The Company valued the 75,000 warrants at US$0.74 per share and the 106,452 warrants at US$0.78 per share, or $138,338 in aggregate in accordance with SFAS 123R, which were recorded as offering cost in additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007.

The fair value of the warrants was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
  
Risk free interest rate (%)
    5.00 %
Dividend yield (%)
    0.00 %
Expected life of warrant grants (years)
 
5 years
 
Expected volatility of warrant grants (%)
    43.79 %

On March 30, 2005, in conjunction with a private placement sale of common stock the Company issued five year warrants to purchase 1,714,290 shares of common stock at a price of $3.85 per share to investors. Concurrently, the Company issued five year warrants to purchase 171,429 common shares at $3.85 per share to financial advisers and others. No share-based compensation expense was recorded, as management determined this transaction to be a cost of issuance.
 
The Company issued a warrant (the "Warrant") to its placement agent in connection with its private placement in February 2008. The Warrant authorizes the agent to purchase 469,150 shares of its common stock at a fixed price ($2.88 per share), for a five-year period. The Warrant contains a cashless exercise provision which permits the placement agent, at its option, to exercise the Warrant without tendering the exercise price, in exchange for a reduced number of shares. The number of shares will be calculated according to a formula should the placement agent decide to opt to exercise the Warrant under the cashless provision. If the Company is sold during the exercise period (referred to as a "fundamental transaction" in the Warrant), the placement agent has the right to exercise its Warrant and thus participate in the proceeds from the sale to the same extent as any other shareholder. These warrants are immediately exerciseable. The fair value of the warrants was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. In calculating the fair value of the warrants, management used the closing price of the common stock on February 29, 2008, of $2.71 per share, plus the following assumptions:

Risk fee interest rate (%)
    5 %
Dividend yield (%)
    0.00 %
Expected life of warrant grants (years)
 
5 years
 
Expected volatility of warrant grants (%)
    43.79 %

The Company valued the warrants at US$1.155 per share, or $541,695 in aggregate, in accordance with SFAS 123R, which were recorded as offering costs which offset additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008.

A summary of the status of the Company’s outstanding common stock warrants as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:

   
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted-
average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2005    
 
1,825,719
 
$
3.85
 
 
$
 
Granted    
 
   
 
   
 
Exercised    
 
   
 
   
 
Forfeited    
 
   
 
   
 
Expired    
 
   
 
   
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2006    
 
1,825,719
   
3.85
 
2.25 years
   
 
Granted    
 
3,729,840
   
2.18
 
4.50 years
   
354,839
 
Exercised    
 
   
 
   
 
Forfeited    
 
   
 
   
 
Expired    
 
   
 
   
 
Outstanding and Exercisable at December 31, 2007    
 
5,555,559
 
$
2.73
 
3.76 years
 
$
354,839
 
Granted
 
611,123
   
2.79
 
4.75 years
   
633,888
 
Exercised
 
(75,000
)
 
-
 
-
       
Forfeited
 
-
   
-
 
-
       
Expired
 
-
   
-
 
-
   
  
 
Outstanding and Exercisable at December 31, 2008
 
6,091,682
 
$
2.76
 
3.53 years
 
$
988,727
 

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the private placement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors on February 25, 2008 which requires us to file with the SEC a “resale” registration statement providing for the resale of (i) all of the 4,691,499 shares of common stock sold to the investors, (ii) the 2,000,000 “make good shares” and (iii) the 469,150 shares underlying the placement agent warrants (collectively, the “registrable securities”) for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The Company agreed, among other things, to prepare and file an initial registration statement within 45 days of the closing date (i.e. April 14, 2008) to register for resale part of the registrable securities (other than the 2,000,000 make good shares and the 469,150 shares underlying the placement agent warrants) and to cause that registration statement to be declared effective by July 28, 2008.

The Company is required to file additional registration statements covering all of the remaining registrable securities (or such lesser number as the SEC deems appropriate) if any registrable securities could not be registered in the initial registration statement, by the 15th day following the date on which we are able to effect the registration of such securities in accordance with any SEC restrictions.

The Company’s failure to meet this schedule and other timetables provided in the registration rights agreement could result in the imposition of liquidated damages. No liquidated damages will accrue in respect of any registrable securities which the SEC has requested (due to the application of Rule 415) the Company to remove from the registration statement and the required effectiveness date for such registrable securities will be tolled until such time as the Company is able to effect the registration of those securities in accordance with any SEC restrictions.

On February 29, 2008, the Company completed a private placement of 4,691,499 shares of the common stock at a price per share of $2.40 for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11,300,000. The Company received $9,995,156 as net proceeds from this financing.

On July 28, 2008, the Company incurred liquidated damages equal to $112,596 which represents 1% of $11,259,587 (the aggregate of investment amount by the investors) due to the fact that the Company failed to have the registration statement declared effective on or prior to that date. The liquidated damages continue to accrue per diem with respect to all investors at the monthly rate of 1% and pro rated for partial months. The registration statement did not go effective until December 17, 2008. Accordingly, as of December 17, 2008, the Company had incurred $523,026 in liquidated damages for failing to have the registration statement declared effective by July 28, 2008.

 
F-20

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
 
12.         INCOME TAXES

The Company is registered in the United States of America and has operations in three tax jurisdictions: the United States of America, British Virgin Island (“BVI”) and the PRC. The operations in the United States of America and British Virgin Island have incurred net operating losses for income tax purposes. The Company generated substantially its net income from the operation of its subsidiary in the PRC and subject to the PRC tax jurisdiction. The Company has recorded income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006.

The components of (loss) income before income taxes separating U.S., BVI and PRC tax jurisdictions are as follows:
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
                   
Tax jurisdictions from:
                 
Loss subject to U.S.
  $ (493,890 )   $ (461,433 )   $ -(693,745)  
Loss subject to BVI
    (1,157,723 )     (184,056 )     -(73,691)  
Income subject to the PRC
    (3,487,189       3,985,699       2,006,937  
                         
Income before income taxes
  $ (3,151,022 )   $ 3,340,210     $ 1,239,501  

United States of America

China Solar is registered in the State of Nevada  and is subject to the tax laws of United States of America.

As of December 31, 2008, the operation in the United States of America incurred $493,890 of net operating losses available for federal tax purposes, which are available to offset future taxable income. The net operating loss carry forwards will to expire through 2028, if unutilized. The Company has provided for a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of $493,890 on the expected future tax benefits from the net operating loss carry forwards as the management believes it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized in the future.

 
F-21

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

British Virgin Island

Under the current BVI law, the Company is not subject to tax on income.

The PRC

The Company's subsidiary operating in the PRC, Ailiyang and Tianjin Huaneng are domestically owned and subject to the Corporate Income Tax governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China, at a statutory rate of 33%, which is comprised of a 30% national income tax and 3% local income tax.

In March 2005, the Deli Solar (Bazhou) became a foreign investment enterprise. Hence, effective from the year ended 2005, Deli Solar (Bazhou) is entitled to a two-year exemption from enterprise income tax and a reduced enterprise income tax rate of 15% for the following three years.  

In September 2006, the Deli Solar (Beijing) was founded as a foreign investment enterprise. Hence, effective from the year ended 2006, Deli Solar (Beijing) is entitled to a two-year exemption from enterprise income tax and a reduced enterprise income tax rate of 15% for the following three years.

On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress approved the Corporate Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “New CIT Law”). The new CIT Law, among other things, imposes a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprises with effect from January 1, 2008. Deli Solar (Bazhou) and Deli Solar (Beijing) are considered a foreign invested enterprise and its ultimate applicable effective tax rate in 2008 and beyond will depend on many factors, including but not limited to whether certain of its legal entity will be subject to a transitional policy under the Corporate Income Tax Law, whether Deli Solar (Bazhou) and Deli Solar (Beijing) can continue to enjoy the unexpired tax holidays.

The reconciliation of income tax rate to the effective income tax rate based on income before income taxes stated in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is as follows:
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
                   
Income before income taxes
  $
( 3,151,022
)     $ 3,340,210     $ 1,239,501  
Statutory income tax rate
   
1 5
%     33 %     15 %
     
0
      1,102,269       185,925  
Less: items not subject to taxes
                       
Effect for tax holiday
   
193,418
      (486,944 )     (185,925 )
                         
Income tax expenses
  $
193,418
    $ 615,325     $ -  

 
F-22

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))

The following table sets forth the significant components of the aggregate deferred tax assets of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
- Net operating loss carried forward
  $
0
      1,432,326  
Less: valuation allowance
   
0
)     (1,432,326 )
                 
Deferred tax assets
  $ -     $ -  

13.          NET INCOME PER SHARE

Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of the ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the year less number of warrants issued during the year in note 10.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
         
As adjusted and
restated
(Note 17)
       
Basic and diluted net income per share calculation
                 
                   
Numerator:
                 
Net income
  $
(4,163,332
)     2,525,141       1,239,501  
Less: Preferred stock dividends
            (975,807       -  
Net income available to common stockholders in computing basic and diluted net income per share
  $
(4,163,332
)   $ 1,549,334     $ 1,239,501  
                         
Denominator: - Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding
   
12,158,482
      6,205,290       6,205,290  
- Weighted average preferred stock outstanding
            -       -  
- Weighted average warrant shares outstanding
            191,407       752,586  
-   Weighted average contingent shares outstanding
                       
     
12,158,482
      6,396,697       6,957,876  
                         
Basic net income per share
  $
(0. 34
)
  $ 0.25     $ 0.20  
                         
Diluted net income per share
  $
(0. 34
)
  $ 0.24     $ 0.18  

For the year ended December 31, 2008, warrants have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as they are antidilutive.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, warrants to purchase 2,007,171 shares of common stock have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as the average market price of the common stock was less than the exercise price of the warrants, thereby making the warrants antidilutive under the treasury method. Convertible preferred stocks were also excluded from the denominator and the associated beneficial conversion was excluded from the numerator as the assumed conversion had an antidilutive effect.

For the years ended December 31, 2006 , there were no securities excluded from diluted earnings per share as none were antidilutive.

 
F-23

 
 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
14.         SEGMENT REPORTING, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
 
(a)         Business information

The Company has four reportable segments namely solar heater/boiler related products,heat pipe related products, Energy-saving projects and Solar Heat collector and others for the three year ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. The solar heater/boiler related products are mainly under the management of Deli Solar (Bazhou) while the heat pipe related products under the management of Tianjin Huaneng, and energy-savings projects under the management of Shenzhen PengSangPu.

An analysis of the Company’s revenue and total assets are as follows:
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Revenue:
                 
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $ 25,098,563     $ 26,693,850     $ 21,468,313  
Heat Pipe related products
    16,554,371       7,002,015          
Energy-saving projects
    9,078,203       3,376,481          
Solar Heat collector and others
    2,952,514                  
    $ 53 , 683 , 651     $ 37,072,346     $ 21,468,313  
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Gross profit:
                 
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $ 4,357,289     $ 5,672,443     $ 4,625,319  
Heat Pipe related products
    2,873,956       1,820,524       -  
Energy-saving projects  
    1,576,041       807,301       -  
Solar Heat collector and others
    512,577                  
    $ 9,319,863     $ 8,300,268     $ 4,625,319  
 
   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Total assets:
                 
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $ 21,772,234     $ 18,690,225     $ 12,716,185  
Heat Pipe related products
    14,360,410       9,029,994       -  
Energy-saving projects   
    7,916,717       2,919,494       -  
Solar Heat collector and others
    2,328 ,446                  
    $ 46,568,923     $ 30,639,713     $ 12,716,185  
                         
Total goodwill:
                       
Solar Heater/Biomass Stove/Boiler related products
  $       $ -     $ -  
Heat Pipe related products
    1,649,821       1,789,324       -  
 Energy-saving projects
    635,082                  
    $ 2,284,903     $ 1,789,324     $ -  

Other segment in total revenue, gross profit, and assets refers to solar lighting products and sales of spare parts/components. The amount of other segment revenue, gross profit, and assets are less than 10% in each category and disclosed as an “all other” category in accordance with paragraph 21 of SFAS 131. There were no elimination or reversal of transactions between reportable segments.

 
F-24

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
(b)          Geographic information

The Company operates in the PRC and all of the company’s long lived assets are located in the PRC.   In respect of geographical segment reporting, sales are based on the country in which the customer is located and total assets and capital expenditure are based on the country where the assets are located.

The Company’s operations are located in PRC, which is the main geographical area. The Company’s sales and total assets by geographical market are analyzed as follows:
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Revenue:
                 
PRC
  $ 40,799,575     $ 32,623,664     $ 19,321,482  
Others
    12,884,076       4,448,682       2,146,831  
                         
    $ 53,683,651     $ 37,072,346     $ 21,468,313  
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Gross profit:
                 
PRC
  $ 7,083,096     $ 6,806,220     $ 4,070,281  
Others
    2,236,767       1,494,048       555,038  
                         
    $ 9,319,863     $ 8,300,268     $ 4,625,319  
 
   
As of December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
Total assets:
                 
PRC
  $ 35,392,381     $ 29,107,727     $ 11,445,134  
Others
    11, 176 ,542       1,531,986 -       1,271,051  
                         
    $ 46,568,923     $ 30,639,713     $ 12,716,185  
 
15.         CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

Under the PRC Law, full-time employees of the Company’s subsidiaries, Deli Solar (Bazhou), Ailiyang, Deli Solar (Beijing) and Tianjin Huaneng are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical care, welfare subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits through a China government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Company is required to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total contributions made for such employee benefits were $603,996, $327,257 and $201,072 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 
F-25

 

CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
 
16.         CONCENTRATION   OF RISK

(a)          Major customers

No revenue from customers that individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
 
(b)          Major vendors

The following is a table summarizing the purchases from vendors that individually represent greater than 10% of the total purchases for each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and their outstanding balances as at year-end date:

   
Year ended December 31, 2008
 
Vendor
 
Purchases
 
Percentage of
total purchases
 
Accounts
payable, trade
 
Vendor A
 
$
12,729,348
 
55
%    
5,301,349
 
 
   
Year ended December 31, 2007
 
Vendor
 
Purchases
 
Percentage of
total purchases
 
Accounts
payable, trade
 
Vendor A
 
$
5,475,372
 
50.4
%
$
667,718
 
 
   
Year ended December 31, 2006
 
Vendor
 
Purchases
 
Percentage of
total purchases
 
Accounts
payable, trade
 
Vendor A
 
$
3,800,242
 
49.0
%
$
379,215
 
 
(c)          Credit risks
 
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to credit risk consist principally of cash and trade receivables. All cash held in financial institutions are not insured and therefore subject to credit risk. The Company believes the concentration of credit risk in its trade receivables is substantially mitigated by its ongoing credit evaluation process and relatively short collection terms. The Company does not generally require collateral from customers. The Company evaluates the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information.
 
(d)          Interest rate risk

As the Company has no significant interest-bearing assets, the Company’s income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.

The Company’s interest-rate risk arises from short-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at floating rates expose the Company to cash flow and fair value interest-rate risk. Company policy is to maintain approximately all of its borrowings in floating rate instruments. At the year end, all of borrowings were at floating rates.

 
F-26

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
 
17.         COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

(a)          Operating lease commitment
 
The Company leases land and buildings under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Based on the current rental lease agreements, the future minimum rental payments required for the coming years are as follows:
 
Years ending December 31:
     
2008
 
$
20,015
 
2009
   
20,015
 
2010
   
20,015
 
2011
   
20,015
 
         
Total future minimum operating lease payments
 
$
80,059
 

For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, rental expenses were $74,693, $101,780, and $77,246, respectively.
 
18.       SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

(a)          Postponement of Acquisition of Shenzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd.

On January 21, 2008, we entered into a letter of intent (“LOI”) with Mr. Caowei Liang, Ms. Xuemei Mo and Mr. Huafeng Mo (the “Fuwaysun Shareholders”), the three shareholders holding the entire equity interests of Shengzhen Fuwaysun Technology Co., Ltd. (“Fuwaysun”), a PRC company primarily engaged in the development and production of solar pest killing lamps and transportable solar generators. Pursuant to the LOI, we will acquire 60% of Fuwaysun’s entire equity interests (the “Acquisition”) from the Fuwaysun Shareholders at a purchase price equal to 60% of Fuwaysun’s audited net assets as of January 30, 2008 (the “Purchase Price”). We will pay the purchase price with cash and our shares as to be agreed by the parties.

In April, 2008, we entered into two loan agreements with Fuwaysun (the “Loan Agreements”), pursuant to which we made two loans to Fuwaysun as working capital for six months, one for $3,000,000 and the other for RMB3,000,000 ($424,352) (the “Loans”), respectively. The Loan Agreements are substantially identical, except for the amounts of the loans. Pursuant to the Loan Agreements, if we complete the Acquisition within six months, we will cancel the Loans to offset the Purchase Price; if we cannot complete the Acquisition within six months, Fuwaysun must repay the Loans with 30 days after the expiration of the six months plus interest on the Loans at a rate of 12% per annum. However, if Fuwaysun refuses to our Acquisition, Fuwaysun shall repay the Loans plus accrued interest at a rate of 20% per annum within 30 days thereafter and pay us liquidated damages equal to 5% of the Purchase Price. If Fuwaysun fails to repay either Loan pursuant to the applicable Loan Agreement, it shall pay us additional interest on such Loan at a rate of 0.5% per day.

On April 9, 2009, we entered into a supplement agreement with the Fuwaysun Shareholders and Fuwaysun (the “Supplement Agreement”) and extended both the date for the parties to complete the Acquisition and the maturity date of the Loans to June 30, 2009 and otherwise retained the terms of the LOI and the Loan Agreements.
 
(b)        Postponement of Acquisition of Shenzhen Xiongri Solar Co., Ltd.

In 2006, we entered into a series of agreements with the three shareholders of Shenzhen Xiongri Solar Co., Ltd. (“Xiongri”) to purchase 60% of the entire equity interests of Xiongri for RMB2,000,000 ($282,901). The three shareholders agreed to loan RMB2, 000,000 to Xiongri as working capital. We have not complete the transfer of the 60% equity interests.. On April 9, 2009, the parties entered into a supplement agreement and agreed to complete the transfer of the 60% equity interests by June 30, 2009.

 
F-27

 
 
CHINA SOLAR & CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”))
 
19.         RESTATEMENT ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 In April 2008, we filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the sale by certain selling stockholders identified in the related prospectus of up to 5,160,649 shares of our common stock including 469,150 shares they may acquire on exercise of warrants. When reviewing our financial statements for inclusion in the prospectus, we became aware of an error in the calculation of diluted net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2007. We misapplied the treasury stock and the “if converted” methods under SFAS No. 128 and because of the error we identified, we have restated our historical financial statements for 2007 to record an increase of 10¢ in diluted net income per share.

This 10¢ per share adjustment was non-cash. The error had no impact on our reported assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses or earnings. There was no cumulative effect on retained earnings or other components of equity in the balance sheet at December 31, 2007. It had no impact on basic earnings per share. Nor did it have any impact on cash or cash equivalents. It had no impact on prior year financial statements and, likewise, will have no impact on future financial statements.

The following table sets forth the income statement impact of the restatement:
 
     
 
December 31, 2007
 
     
 
As reported
 
Adjustment
 
As Restated
 
             
 
 
Diluted - Total weighted average shares outstanding
   
11,233,026
   
(4,836,329)
   
6,396,697
 
     
                   
Diluted net income per share    
 
$
0.14
   
0.10
   
0.24
 
 
The impact of the restatement on the disclosures of earnings per share data is set forth in the table below:

 
December 31, 2007
 
     
 
As reported
 
Adjustment
 
As Adjusted
 
Denominator:
                   
- Weighted average preferred stock outstanding    
   
1,337,097
   
(1,337,097)
   
0
 
- Weighted average warrant shares outstanding    
   
3,690,639
   
(3,499,232)
   
191,407
 
Diluted - Total weighted average shares outstanding 
   
11,233,026
   
4,836,329
   
6,396,697
 
     
                   
Diluted net income per share    
 
$
0.14
   
0.10
   
0.24
 

 
F-28

 
 

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