Form 6-K - Report of foreign issuer [Rules 13a-16 and 15d-16]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-16 OR 15D-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of December 2024

Commission file number: 001-10533	Commission file number: 001-34121
Rio Tinto plc	Rio Tinto Limited
	ABN 96 004 458 404
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)	(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
6 St. James’s Square	Level 43, 120 Collins Street
London, SW1Y 4AD, United Kingdom	Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form

40-F:

Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐

EXHIBITS

99.1Stock Exchange announcement dated 2 December 2024 entitled ‘Total voting rights and issued capital’.

99.2Media release dated 2 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto completes sale of Dampier Salt’s Lake

MacLeod operation to Leichhardt Industrials Group’.

99.3Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Rincon Project Mineral Resources and

Ore Reserves’.

99.4Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Rincon Project Mineral Resources and

Ore Reserves: Table 1’.

99.5Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto investing for a stronger,

more diversified portfolio’.

99.6Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Investor Seminar 2024’.

99.7Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto and Sumitomo Metal Mining

to partner on Winu copper-gold project’.

99.8Stock Exchange announcement dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Shareholdings of persons discharging

managerial responsibility (PDMR) / Key Management Personnel (KMP)’.

99.9Media Release dated 4 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto signs new partnership agreement to study

low carbon aluminium project in Finland’.

99.10Stock Exchange announcement dated 6 December 2024 entitled ‘Appendix 3G – Notification of issue,

conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities’.

99.11Media release dated 6 December 2024 entitled ‘Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment report

released’.

99.12Stock Exchange announcement dated 12 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto to invest $2.5 billion to

expand Rincon lithium project capacity to 60,000 tonnes per year’.

99.13Stock Exchange announcement dated 19 December 2024 entitled ‘Rio Tinto appoints new Chief People

Officer’.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused

this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorised.

Rio Tinto plc		Rio Tinto Limited
(Registrant)		(Registrant)
By	/s/ Andrew Hodges	By	/s/ Tim Paine
Name	Andrew Hodges	Name	Tim Paine
Title	Company Secretary	Title	Company Secretary
Date	2 January 2025	Date	2 January 2025

			EXHIBIT 99.1

Notice to LSE

    

Total Voting Rights and Issued Capital

2 December 2024

In accordance with the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rule 5.6.1R, Rio Tinto plc notifies the market that as of 29 November 2024:

1.Rio Tinto plc’s issued share capital comprised 1,255,944,847 Ordinary shares of 10p each, each with one vote.

2.3,022,902 Ordinary shares of 10p each are held in treasury. These shares are not taken into consideration in relation to the payment of dividends and voting at shareholder meetings.

Accordingly the total number of voting rights in Rio Tinto plc is 1,252,921,945. This figure may be used by shareholders (and others with notification obligations) as the denominator for the calculation by which they will determine if they are required to notify their interest in, or a change to their interest in, Rio Tinto plc under the FCA’s Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules.

Note:

As at the date of this announcement:

(a)Rio Tinto plc has also issued one Special Voting Share of 10p and one DLC Dividend Share of 10p in connection with its dual listed companies (‘DLC’) merger with Rio Tinto Limited which was designed to place the shareholders of both companies in substantially the same position as if they held shares in a single enterprise owning all of the assets of both companies;

(b)the Special Voting Share facilitates joint voting by shareholders of Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited on joint electorate resolutions; and

(c)there are 371,216,214 publicly held Rio Tinto Limited shares in issue which do not form part of the share capital of Rio Tinto plc.

LEI: 213800YOEO5OQ72G2R82

Classification: 2.5 Total number of voting rights and capital disclosed under article 15 of the Transparency Directive

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Contacts

Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail]

Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone]			Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone]			Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone]
Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks   M [phone]  Wei Wei Hu   M [phone]			Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone]			Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough  M [phone]
Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885			Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404

This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary.

riotinto.com

Please direct all enquiries to: Media Release [e-mail] Rio Tinto completes sale of Dampier Salt’s Lake MacLeod operation to Leichhardt Industrials Group 2 December 2024 Rio Tinto has completed the previously announced sale of Dampier Salt Limited’s (Dampier Salt) Lake MacLeod operation to Leichhardt Industrials Group (Leichhardt). The operation fully transferred to Leichhardt’s ownership today. Leichhardt has committed to employing Lake MacLeod’s existing 127-person workforce. Rio Tinto Iron Ore Managing Director, Port, Rail & Core Services, Richard Cohen said: “We are proud of Lake MacLeod’s legacy and the strong contribution of the operation and its workforce to the Carnarvon community and surrounding areas. We acknowledge the collaboration of community partners and Traditional Owners throughout this process.” Scott Nicholas, CEO of Leichhardt Industrials Group said: “Lake MacLeod is a sustainable and perpetual operation. We will continue to invest in the Lake MacLeod project and the Carnarvon region to realise its full potential and ensure diversification for the State’s economy. “We would like to acknowledge the collaboration with Dampier Salt Limited and all Lake MacLeod stakeholders to deliver a safe and seamless transition of the operations to Leichhardt.” Dampier Salt entered into a sales agreement for the Lake MacLeod salt and gypsum operation in Carnarvon with Leichhardt in January 2024 for A$375 million. Lake MacLeod is located within Baiyungu and Yinggarda Country in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia, 70km north of the town of Carnarvon. It consists of a ~1.5 Mtpa solar salt operation, ~1 Mtpa gypsum operation and a deepwater port at Cape Cuvier. Dampier Salt has no plans to sell any other assets within its business, which after the Lake MacLeod divestment will include a solar salt site at Dampier and a second solar salt site at Port Hedland. Note to editors Dampier Salt is a joint venture between Rio Tinto (68%), Marubeni Corporation (22%) and Sojitz (10%). It is Asia’s largest exporter of seaborne salt. Leichhardt Industrials Group is an independent, Australian-owned operator of sustainable solar salt projects headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. Leichhardt’s projects now include its core asset the Lake MacLeod Salt and Gypsum Operation and its development project the Eramurra Solar Salt Project in Karratha. Leichhardt’s strategy is to be a multi-site supplier of industrial grade solar salt to deliver into the rapidly growing Asian-Pacific region. EXHIBIT 99.2

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Media Release Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 riotinto.com

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Notice to ASX/LSE Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 4 December 2024 Rio Tinto today announces initial Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves for the Salar del Rincon lithium brine deposits (Rincon Project) in Argentina to be developed by Rio Tinto. Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves comprise 1.54 Mt Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) of Measured Resources, 7.85 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 2.29 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources. The Ore Reserves comprise 2.07 Mt LCE of Probable Ore Reserves.1 Rio Tinto’s ownership percentage is 100%. The proposed project consists of brine extraction using a production wellfield, processing and waste facilities, as well as associated infrastructure. Full-scale production based on the current feasibility study is estimated to be approximately 53 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year for a period of 40 years2. However, plans are in place to build for a capacity of 60 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year with debottlenecking and improvement programs scheduled to unlock this additional throughput, subject to permitting. The Rincon 3000 starter plant is scheduled for completion in the first half of 2025. Rincon is a large, long-life asset that is expected to be in the first quartile of the cash cost curve. A tabulation of the initial Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves at the Rincon Project is provided in Table A. Reporting of Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves is industry-standard for in situ lithium brines and is compliant with JORC code reporting criteria. A tabulation of the Ore Reserves at the Rincon Project is provided in Table B. 1 These Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves have been reported in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2012 (JORC Code) and the ASX Listing Rules in a release to the ASX dated 4 December 2024 titled “Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Table 1” (Table 1 Release). The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the Table 1 Release that relates to Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves is Megan Zivic and Michael Rosko, each of whom is a Registered Member of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME-RM). The Competent Person responsible for the information in the Table 1 Release that relates to the metallurgical perspective of the Ore Reserves is Mr Brendan Foster, a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the Table 1 Release, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the Table 1 Release continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified. 2 This production target is underpinned as to 100% by Probable Ore Reserves. Estimated Inferred Mineral Resources are excluded from the mine plan and production target estimates. These estimates of Ore Reserves were reported in the Table 1 Release and have been prepared by Competent Persons in accordance with the requirements of the JORC Code and the ASX Listing Rules. EXHIBIT 99.3

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Notice to ASX/LSE Table A Rincon Project Mineral Resources Inclusive of Ore Reserves as at 1 May 2024 Measured Mineral Resources Indicated Mineral Resources Total Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt 748 394 0.29 1.54 3,419 432 1.48 7.85 4,167 428 1.77 9.39 Inferred Mineral Resources Total Mineral Resources Rio Tinto Interest as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt % 1,148 374 0.43 2.29 5,315 416 2.20 11.68 100 Mm3 = million cubic meters mg/L = milligrams per litre Mt = million tonnes Notes: • The Mineral Resources estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code. • Mineral Resources are in situ and inclusive of the Ore Reserves. • The effective date is determined by the most recent depth-specific sample collection data considered for the resource estimate. The estimate is based on: (1) drainable porosity values for hydrogeological units in the brine aquifer, (2) a lithium cut-off grade of 250 mg/L, and (3) including only properties controlled by Rio Tinto as of May 2024. • To obtain the equivalent tonnage for Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE), the estimated mass of lithium was multiplied by a factor that is based on the atomic weights of each element in lithium carbonate to obtain the final compound weight. The factor used was 5.322785 to obtain LCE mass from lithium mass. • Comparisons to values provided in other tables and calculations using the tabulated figures may differ due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods. Table B Rincon Project Ore Reserves as at 1 May 2024 Proven Ore Reserves Probable Ore Reserves Total Ore Reserves Average process Efficiency % Rio Tinto interest Rio Tinto share Recoverable Li metal Rio Tinto share Recoverable LCE as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Mm3 mg/L Li Mm3 mg/L Li Mm3 mg/L Li % Mt Mt - - 1,340 350 1,340 350 90.0 100.0 0.39 2.07 Notes: • The Ore Reserve estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code. • The Ore Reserve estimate is based on lithium cut-off grade of 250 mg/L • Total Brine Pumped is a cumulative brine volume and LCE mass from the entire wellfield. • Extracted Grade is averaged for the 40 year pumping period for the simulated wellfield. • To obtain the equivalent tonnage for LCE, the estimated mass of lithium was multiplied by a factor that is based on the atomic weights of each element in lithium carbonate to obtain final compound weight. The factor used was 5.322785 to obtain LCE mass from lithium mass. • Ore Reserves are reported from a point of reference of processed brine. Estimated processing losses are 10% (90% process efficiency). • Only Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources are used for estimates of Extracted Grade, Tonnes Li, and Tonnes LCE. • Mining method is proposed to be extraction by production wells.

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Notice to ASX/LSE Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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1 RioTintoNonBusiness Notice to ASX Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Table 1 4 December 2024 Rio Tinto today announces initial Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves for the Salar del Rincon lithium brine deposits (Rincon Project) in Argentina to be developed by Rio Tinto. Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves comprise 1.54 Mt Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE) of Measured Resources, 7.85 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 2.29 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources. The Ore Reserves comprise 2.07 Mt LCE of Probable Ore Reserves. The new Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are reported in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2012 (JORC Code) and the ASX Listing Rules. Supporting information is set out in this release and its Appendix. Rio Tinto’s ownership percentage is 100%. The proposed project consists of brine extraction using a production wellfield, processing and waste facilities, as well as associated infrastructure. Full-scale production based on the current feasibility study is estimated to be approximately 53 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year for a period of 40 years1. However, plans are in place to build for a capacity of 60 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year with debottlenecking and improvement programs scheduled to unlock this additional throughput, subject to permitting. The Rincon 3000 starter plant is scheduled for completion in the first half of 2025. Rincon is a large, long-life asset that is expected to be in the first quartile of the cash cost curve. A tabulation of the initial Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves at the Rincon Project is provided in Table A. Reporting of Mineral Resources inclusive of Ore Reserves is industry-standard for in situ lithium brines and is compliant with JORC code reporting criteria. A tabulation of the Ore Reserves at the Rincon Project is provided in Table B. 1 This production target is underpinned as to 100% by Probable Ore Reserves. Estimated Inferred Mineral Resources are excluded from the mine plan and production target estimates. The stated Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimates have been prepared by Competent Persons in accordance with the requirements of the JORC Code. EXHIBIT 99.4

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Notice to ASX 2 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Table A Rincon Project Mineral Resources Inclusive of Ore Reserves as at 1 May 2024 Measured Mineral Resources Indicated Mineral Resources Total Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt 748 394 0.29 1.54 3,419 432 1.48 7.85 4,167 428 1.77 9.39 Inferred Mineral Resources Total Mineral Resources Rio Tinto Interest as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Total Brine Volume Avg Lithium Grade Lithium Metal LCE Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt Mm3 mg/L Mt Mt % 1,148 374 0.43 2.29 5,315 416 2.20 11.68 100 Mm3 = million cubic meters mg/L = milligrams per litre Mt = million tonnes Notes: • The Mineral Resources estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code. • Mineral Resources are in situ and inclusive of the Ore Reserves. • The effective date is determined by the most recent depth-specific sample collection data considered for the resource estimate. The estimate is based on: (1) drainable porosity values for hydrogeological units in the brine aquifer, (2) a lithium cut-off grade of 250 mg/L, and (3) including only properties controlled by Rio Tinto as of May 2024. • To obtain the equivalent tonnage for Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE), the estimated mass of lithium was multiplied by a factor that is based on the atomic weights of each element in lithium carbonate to obtain the final compound weight. The factor used was 5.322785 to obtain LCE mass from lithium mass. • Comparisons to values provided in other tables and calculations using the tabulated figures may differ due to rounding of numbers and the differences caused by use of averaging methods. Table B Rincon Project Ore Reserves as at 1 May 2024 Proven Ore Reserves Probable Ore Reserves Total Ore Reserves Average process Efficiency % Rio Tinto interest Rio Tinto share Recoverable Li metal Rio Tinto share Recoverable LCE as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 as at 1 May 2024 Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Total Brine Pumped Extracted Grade Mm3 mg/L Li Mm3 mg/L Li Mm3 mg/L Li % Mt Mt - - 1,340 350 1,340 350 90.0 100.0 0.39 2.07 Notes: • The Ore Reserve estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code. • The Ore Reserve estimate is based on lithium cut-off grade of 250 mg/L • Total Brine Pumped is a cumulative brine volume and LCE mass from the entire wellfield. • Extracted Grade is averaged for the 40 year pumping period for the simulated wellfield. • To obtain the equivalent tonnage for LCE, the estimated mass of lithium was multiplied by a factor that is based on the atomic weights of each element in lithium carbonate to obtain final compound weight. The factor used was 5.322785 to obtain LCE mass from lithium mass. • Ore Reserves are reported from a point of reference of processed brine. Estimated processing losses are 10% (90% process efficiency). • Only Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources are used for estimates of Extracted Grade, Tonnes Li, and Tonnes LCE. • Mining method is proposed to be extraction by production wells.

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Notice to ASX 3 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Summary of information to support the Mineral Resource reporting Mineral Resources are supported by the information set out in the Appendix to this release in accordance with the Table 1 checklist in the JORC Code. The following summary information is provided in accordance with rule 5.8 of the ASX Listing Rules. The Mineral Resources were estimated for the Rincon Project by the hydrogeological consulting firm of Montgomery & Associates. Geology and hydrogeological interpretation The Mineral Resources are based on the Salar del Rincon deposits which are typical of a mature salar with lithium-enriched brine hosted in clastic and evaporitic sediments. The deposits are similar to other lithium brine deposits located in the Puna Plateau which extends across multiple countries and jurisdictions in South America. Active tectonics form and sustain numerous young Cenozoic endorheic basins in the Puna Plateau. North-south aligned thrust faults, grabens, and half grabens frequently create accommodation space, while transverse strike- slip faults or volcanism assist with basin closure. Siliclastic material deposited in the basins is sourced from the surrounding geology of the catchment area, although pre-basin sediments may also occur deeper in the basin and function as aquifers. Sedimentary deposits typically include evaporite deposits dominated by halite with widespread occurrence of gypsum, and travertine from active or dormant hydrothermal springs. The arid environment limits precipitation, and waters migrate downgradient to the salar margin from the surrounding mountains. The aridity and phreatic brine level near land surface promotes groundwater evaporation which concentrates the fluids to form brines enriched in dissolved solids. Salar sediments in the Rincon Project basin are sub-horizontal clastic sediments and evaporites that host brine in pore or cavity spaces. The interconnected nature of the pores governs the ability of brine to gravity drain from the media and is a key factor for assessing the potential drainable lithium available. Mineralisation of dissolved lithium in brine has low local variability with relatively consistent or increasing grades in the salar area and with increasing depth. Fractured halite and black sand aquifers contain the bulk of extractable lithium. The fractured halite unit is a close to surface, unconfined aquifer composed of a thick, well-developed body of halite with open, interconnected cavities between halite crystals. The fractured halite aquifer ranges in thickness from 1 m at the edge of the salar nucleus to 30 metres (m) in the centre. The fractured and upheaved salt crust has a jagged salt surface as a result of the continuous process of dissolution and recrystallisation of salt by evaporation. The black sand aquifer units exhibit confined to semi-confined conditions. Black sands are variably interbedded with massive halite at depths ranging from 30 m to 150 m and vary laterally throughout the salar area. The enriched brine aquifer system, which hosts lithium mineralisation is well understood and defined by brine level below land surface, assays, specific conductivity profiles, downhole geophysics, and transient electromagnetic surface geophysical surveys. Drilling techniques; sampling techniques; and sample analysis method Drilling has been carried out using a combination of diamond (DD) and direct rotary (RT) drilling methods. Total drilling within the Rincon Project basin includes 277 diamond drill holes having drilled a total of 27,877 m and 95 rotary drill holes having drilled a total of 9,228 m. A total of 204 diamond holes were equipped with slotted casing to allow for future brine or water level monitoring and sampling. A total of 91 rotary holes were equipped with screened casing for aquifer testing, sampling, and monitoring.

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Notice to ASX 4 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Brine and water chemistry samples (assays) have been collected from depth-specific packer intervals. Aquifer composite samples were collected during pumping tests to assess potential changes in chemistry that could result from dilution. Brine chemistry samples were submitted for analysis of 16 elements relevant for the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves models and pilot plant test work. Undisturbed core sample were collected while still moist and submitted for laboratory analysis. The following analyses were conducted: specific yield (gravity drainable volume of interconnected pores), vertical hydraulic conductivity, and dry bulk density. Estimation methodology The hydrogeological interpretation and estimation were completed by Montgomery & Associates and Rio Tinto. The method involved the use of surface geological maps, inspection of outcrops, lithologic logging data, core sample results for specific yield and hydraulic conductivity, downhole geophysics, brine and water level data, brine and water chemistry data (or assay data), specific electrical conductivity profiles, pumping test analyses, and assessment of hydrogeologic basement. Interpretations were made in a 3D hydrogeological model using Leapfrog™ software with the Edge and Hydrogeology modules. Estimation has been carried out for critical parameters to the Mineral Resources model, Ore Reserves model, and pilot plant test work. Hydraulic parameter estimation used ordinary kriging for specific yield and hydraulic parameters critical to the Ore Reserves to serve as initial conditions prior to calibration. Estimation of hydraulic parameters was conducted by assigning parameters to hydrogeologic units (HGUs) directly correlated to logged lithology. Grade estimation used ordinary kriging algorithms to estimate block grades of lithium, total dissolved solids, boron, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and sulphate. The resource was estimated based on spatial lithium grade and the volume and drainable porosity of the differing HGUs. The regional watershed is used as the model extent and both the resource and reserve use the same grid structure to maintain a direct correlation. The grid in the salar area was laterally consistent with a 250 m by 250 m rectilinear block model cells in the horizontal direction. The grid includes 23 layers with variable cell thicknesses in the vertical direction with greater refinement in the target production layers ranging from 3 m to 12 m, and lesser refinement at the base of the model up to a cell thickness of 150 m. Outside of the salar area, the grid structure uses Voronoi polygons. Criteria used for Mineral Resources classification Confidence in hydrogeological and grade continuity has been taken into account for classification of the Mineral Resources. Classification is based on level of confidence in understanding of the conceptual model, drill hole spacing, distribution and range of continuity of lithium samples, and hydraulic parameter characterisation and range of continuity (from variograms). Approximate drill hole spacings were used as a guide, assuming that for an estimated resource to be considered Measured, spacing was no greater than 4 kilometres (km). Indicated Mineral Resources used spacing no greater than 7 km, and Inferred Mineral Resources used spacing no greater than 10 km. Measured Mineral Resources are defined only in the fractured halite and black sand aquifer units where continuity has been demonstrated by short and long-duration pumping tests. Cut-off grades and modifying factors The Mineral Resources across the Rincon Project deposits were calculated using a cut-off of 250 mg/L of lithium based on the minimum viable processing grade. The Mineral Resources are reported as the in situ total, theoretical, drainable brine volume above cut-off grade and no mining factors have been applied. As is industry standard for lithium brine deposits, the in situ Mineral Resources are reported as drainable volume and grade;

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Notice to ASX 5 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness however, not all of the reported Mineral Resources may be economically extractable due to pumping limitations and other modifying factors. Summary of information to support the Ore Reserves reporting Ore Reserves are supported by the information set out in the Appendix to this release in accordance with the Table 1 checklist in the JORC Code (2012). The following summary information is provided in accordance with rule 5.9 of the ASX Listing Rules. The Ore Reserves were estimated for the Rincon Project by the hydrogeological consulting firm of Montgomery & Associates. Economic analysis and determination of cut-off grade was conducted by Rio Tinto. Economic assumptions and study outcomes The Ore Reserves are based upon a minimum feasibility study for the mine plan and mine design including schedule covering the life of mine. Rio Tinto applies a common process to the generation of commodity price assumptions across the group. This involves generation of long-term price forecasts based on current sales contracts, industry capacity analysis, global commodity consumption and economic growth trends. Rincon Project prices are adjusted to reflect the expectation that they will be sold on cost, insurance and freight (CIF) terms. Exchange rates are also based on internal Rio Tinto modelling of expected future country exchange rates. Due to the commercial sensitivity of these assumptions, an explanation of the methodology used to determine these assumptions has been provided, rather than the actual figures. Economic evaluation using Rio Tinto long-term prices demonstrates a positive NPV for the Rincon Project Ore Reserves under a range of price, cost and productivity scenarios. Mining method and assumptions Use of production wells is conventional for extraction of lithium brines and is appropriate for the Rincon deposit because the lithium is dissolved in an aquifer brine. Modifying factors considered during the Ore Reserves estimation included the production well efficiency, wellfield placement, potential future dilution from fresh or brackish water, and hydraulic parameters that affect individual well yield. The proposed production wells will target the shallow, near-surface and unconfined fractured halite aquifer and the deeper confined to semi-confined black sand aquifer. The mining process will include extraction of brine and conveyance to a processing plant for direct lithium extraction (DLE). Spent brine (depleted of minerals extracted by processing) will be deposited in a spent brine disposal facility in the salar area subject to re-injection trials which are underway. Pilot plant test work has been ongoing during the feasibility study to test exploration well samples from different units and across the salar. Sustained production of 3 kt LCE per annum from an existing and permitted well is expected to commence in 2025 (Rincon 3000). Environmental permits for this mining are already approved. Rincon Full Potential (RFP) has submitted an environmental permit to produce an additional 50 kt per annum from the salar area. As of the date of this ASX announcement, the RFP environmental permit is under review and pending approval. The mining sequence for RFP is to primarily produce from the fractured halite during the first 15 years of the life of mine (LoM) then progressively incorporate and produce from the black sand units. First production is expected in 2027, ramping up over a 3-year period to an annualised capacity of 50 kt which will be 100% sourced from estimated Probable Ore Reserves.

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Notice to ASX 6 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Cut-off grades, estimation methodology and modifying factors The Ore Reserves estimate considers the modifying factors for converting Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves, including the wellfield design, feasible aquifer pumping, and any potential projected dilution. Wellfield extraction was simulated using a numerical groundwater flow and solute transport model (numerical model) to simulate extraction of mineral concentrations from a conceptual wellfield. Dilution is simulated by the numerical model to account for changes in brine density from migration of fluid from the salar margins to the wellfield and potential infiltration from the SBDF. Project assumptions used for the modeling simulations were agreed upon with Rio Tinto. The numerical groundwater model has assumed sufficient account for estimated ore migration through brine flow and dilution has been incorporated into the Ore Reserves model. Dilution is simulated by the numerical model to account for changes in brine density and lithium grade from migration of fluid from the salar margins to the wellfield and potential infiltration from the spent brine disposal facility (SBDF). While production well locations are selected based on areas of higher grade or improved aquifer permeability, bulk mining (minimal selectivity) will occur due to the radial flow of brine to the wells. Ore Reserves are calculated from a point of reference of processed brine (applying a process efficiency factor of 90%), rather than at the production wellheads. An estimated marginal cut-off grade was established as 250 mg/L of lithium based on preliminary economic evaluation of estimated costs for LCE production. The Rincon Project has previously obtained three environmental authorizations (i.e., Salta province Resolutions 05/2019, 071/2020, and 009/2023). Resolution 05/2019 approved the lithium brine extraction project and production of 25 kt per annum of lithium carbonate. Resolution 071/2020 gave approval for the pilot plant project. Subsequently, both resolutions were combined with due date in June 2022. Although Resolution 05/2019 approves the production of 25 kt per annum of lithium carbonate, the process currently in operation is limited to the production of lithium carbonate on a pilot scale (3 kt per annum), according to the Addendum approved by Resolution 071/2020. Rincon requested the renewal of these Resolutions and, in December 2023 obtained it, along with the approval of the Rincon 3000 project, by Resolution 009/2023. The ESIA for RFP was submitted to the Mining Secretariat in April 2024 and approval is expected by July 2025. The approval process is being closely monitored with the initial meeting with the technical team from the Mining Secretariat, Water Resources, Indigenous Secretariat and Environment Department held in June 2024. Criteria used for Ore Reserves classification The Ore Reserves estimation process converted approximately 30% of the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources to Probable Ore Reserves while approximately 70% was retained in situ or re-infiltrated. The mining method of extraction by wellfield mobilises the deposit over time and the conversion was based on the feasibility study simulated wellfield and estimate of extracted mass as of the 40-year life of mine plan. Assessment of the conversion assumes the Probable Ore Reserves estimate is based on mass originating from both the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources. Processing method and assumptions The metallurgical process proposed is DLE technology consisting of a selective lithium adsorbent, concentration and water recovery, impurity removal and conversion of the concentrated lithium chloride to a crude lithium carbonate. The crude lithium carbonate is further refined to produce a battery grade lithium carbonate quality product.

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Notice to ASX 7 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 1 Property location map

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Notice to ASX 8 / 36 8 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 2 Tenement locations

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Notice to ASX 9 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 3 Surface geology

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Notice to ASX 10 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 4 Drill hole location plan Figure 5 Pumping test locations

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Notice to ASX 11 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 6 Cross sections through the Rincon Project orebody showing the 3D hydrogeological model and drill hole traces

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Notice to ASX 12 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 7 Cross sections through the Rincon Project orebody showing the hydrogeological block model

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Notice to ASX 13 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 8 Cross sections through the Rincon Project orebody showing the hydrogeological block model coloured by Lithium grade with drill hole traces and supporting samples

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Notice to ASX 14 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 9 Cross sections through the Rincon Project orebody showing the hydrogeological block model coloured by resource category with supporting drill hole traces and samples

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Notice to ASX 15 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Figure 10 Simulated mine plan

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Notice to ASX 16 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Competent Persons’ statement The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves is based on, and fairly represents, information compiled under the supervision of Megan Zivic and Michael Rosko, each of whom is a Registered Member of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME-RM). Both have sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity to which they are undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the JORC Code. Both Megan Zivic and Michael Rosko are full-time employees of Montgomery & Associates working as a consultant to Rio Tinto, and each of them consents to the inclusion in this report of the Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves based on the information that has been prepared in the form and context in which it appears. The information in this report that relates to the metallurgical perspective of the Ore Reserves is based on, and fairly represents, information compiled under the supervision of Brendan Foster who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Brendan Foster has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity to which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the JORC Code. Brendan Foster is a full-time employee of Rio Tinto and consents to the inclusion in this report of Rincon Project Ore Reserves based on the information that has been prepared in the form and context in which it appears.

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Notice to ASX 17 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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Appendix 18 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness The Rincon Project JORC Table 1 The following table provides a summary of important assessment and reporting criteria used at the Rincon Project deposit for the reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves in accordance with the Table 1 checklist in The Australasian Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code, 2012 Edition). Criteria in each section apply to all preceding and succeeding sections. Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data Criteria Commentary Sampling techniques • Samples for lithologic logging, brine chemistry (assays), raw (fresh) water chemistry, core analysis, and geotechnical analyses were collected via drilling. • Diamond core drilling is used for lithologic characterisation of the salar sediments, obtaining undisturbed core samples for laboratory analysis, and collection of depth-specific brine chemistry samples. Recent exploration in the alluvial fan sediments has implemented the use of diamond core drilling for lithologic characterisation prior to reaming the drill hole for construction of a piezometer or drilling an adjacent well. • Rotary drilling was primarily conducted adjacent to a core hole. Where only a rotary hole was drilled for 14 sites in the alluvial fan, drill cutting samples were collected in chip trays at 1 m intervals and lithologic logging was conducted. • Intact and undisturbed core samples were selected for laboratory analysis. Core samples were packaged for shipment while still saturated to reduce the core from drying out which promotes salt crystallization and changes to pore space. Prior to shipping, the lithology was described and the sample assigned to a specific hydrogeologic unit. Analyses included specific yield (Sy) by the Relative Brine Release Capacity (RBRC) methodology, vertical hydraulic conductivity (at lab temperatures), and dry bulk density. • Depth-specific brine samples from diamond core holes were collected using bailers or single and double packers from discrete depth intervals of less than 14 m. Packer samples for intervals greater than 14 m were collected at deeper depths for a confirmatory composite sample but were not included in estimations. Packer intervals were setup such that packers inflated against the natural borehole wall to seal and isolate the tested aquifer zone. Packer intervals were purged prior to sample collection. Depth-specific samples for estimation also included brine grab sampling from surface test pits. • The following sampling methodologies were also implemented for hydrological characterisation but were excluded from estimation: HydraSleeve samples near phreatic raw water levels in the alluvial fan and grab samples from natural surface hydrological features. • Composite brine samples were also obtained via pumping from exploration wells. These “multizonal” samples are considered to be most representative of the brine to be sent directly to the plant for processing. • Brine samples were collected in clean plastic bottles filled to limit air space and clearly marked with a sample identifier. Template sampling forms were used to ensure quality control and chain of custody forms tracked sample handling. Drilling techniques • From 2007, a total of 263 diamond drill holes (27,195 m) were drilled and a total of 93 exploration wells using rotary drilling methods (9,068 m) were drilled for hydrogeological, resource, geotechnical, and environmental characterization. • Various diamond core bit diameters were used (e.g. BQ, HQ, and NQ). • Rotary holes ranged in diameter from 5 to 24 inches (excluding surface drilling). • Lubrication of drilling tools was maintained by locally sourced brine or raw water. The source fluid was appropriately selected based on the aquifer being drilled. • A total of 204 diamond holes were equipped with slotted casing to allow for future brine or water level monitoring and sampling. The diamond drill holes were often reamed to a larger diameter to facilitate installation of casing and annular materials. • A total of 91 rotary holes were equipped with screened casing for aquifer testing, sampling, and monitoring. Well designs ensured construction compliance considering the formation grain sizes (e.g. screen opening aperture, gravel pack size, etc.). • Exploration monitoring and test wells and piezometers were constructed with casing diameters ranging from 1.25 inches to 20 inches. Perforated casing materials used were slotted PVC, galvanized wire-wrap screen, or stainless steel wire-wrap screen.

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Appendix 19 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness • Following construction of exploration wells and piezometers, bailers and air-lift swabbing methods were used to develop the well by removing any drilling fluids in the annular gravel pack or adjacent formation. • Downhole acoustic borehole imaging (ABI) was conducted at select holes across the basin between 2022 and 2024 and showed flat horizontal sedimentary units. Drill sample recovery • Diamond core recovery is conventional and recorded by the geologist whilst logging the hole. Diamond drilling limits preferential loss or gain of fine or coarse materials which can bias lithologic logging and interpretation of available pore space to host brine. • Rotary holes are primarily twinned with diamond core. Where not twinned, rotary samples were collected at 1 m intervals to represent alluvial fan sediments outside of the salar area. Sample recovery for each interval was assessed by the geologist. Rotary drilling from basin- fill sediments inherently results in some loss of fine materials pertinent for hydrological characterisation and requires interpretation to assess the losses. • Drilling sample recovery is not relevant to grade for lithium brine deposits; however, significant core loss or loss of materials can bias lithologic logging and understanding of available lithium in pore space. Lithologic logging procedures made no assumption for complete core loss which was coded as no recovery, but considerations were made for loss/gain of fine/coarse materials. Logging • All diamond core was logged using discrete intervals based on significant changes to the lithology and primary porosity or secondary porosity features relevant for pore space available (e.g. degree of cementation, presence of cavities, etc.). Quantitative logging was conducted using defined material type codes based on the following depositional settings: consolidated sediments (salar), unconsolidated sediments (alluvial fan), and consolidated rock (ignimbrite, claystone, sandstone, etc.). The following characteristics were recorded for the following rock types: o Consolidated sediments: description and percent quantification of primary, secondary, and tertiary lithology; mineralogy; grain size and rounding; degree of cementation; presence of voids or compaction; degree of fracturing for halite; banding for halite. o Unconsolidated sediments: Unified Soil Classification System codes for lithology and percentages; presence of minerals; grading; plasticity; cementation; grain size and rounding. o Consolidated rock: lithology; degree of fracturing; fracture-fill material or open; aperture size. • Colour and any additional qualitative comments were also recorded. Logging information is stored in an acQuire™ database. • Each tray of core was photographed and retained in a secure onsite storage facility. The photographs are stored in an Imago™ database. • A total of 18 geotechnical drill holes were geotechnically logged. • Downhole geophysical logs were obtained at 39 drill holes during the recent exploration program and include combinations of: caliper, temperature, fluid conductivity, spectral gamma ray, resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and borehole nuclear magnetic resonance. Eight alluvial fan wells include downhole geophysics from exploration by previous parties. Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation Brine and raw water chemistry sampling: • Brine and raw water samples were not subjected to sub-sampling procedures in the field. • Each sample is essentially a sub-sample of the aquifer representing a depth interval and point in time. • Fluid is collected from these methods: purged from the packer interval in the open core hole, collected in the open borehole or constructed well (rotary) via a bailer or HydraSleeve, or purged from the constructed well during a pumping test. Samples originating from pumping tests are composite samples (or “multizonal”) representing larger screened intervals and used to assess short-term variability of chemistry from a period of extraction (i.e. not directly used in resource estimation). • 81% of downhole brine chemistry samples for resource estimation are from the packer sampling methodology. This depth-specific sampling technique is preferred during drilling operations as it allows for multiple purges of the core hole volume to achieve a representative sample of the aquifer.

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Appendix 20 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness • Sampling involves the collection of multiple litres of fluid to serve as a sample set for a full chemistry suite analysis. Additional samples were collected to submit with core samples. • Laboratory analyses commonly use only a part of the sample provided. However, because the sample is a fluid, sub-sampling has no effect on laboratory results. Core sampling for porosity properties: • Core samples by their nature are a “sub-sample” of the entire drill core. The whole core segment is tactfully removed from the core box and packaged. The average length of core sample tested is 0.19 m. No additional sub-sampling was done in the field. • Representative local brine is submitted with the core sample to analyse the movement of fluid through the media and to limit precipitation of minerals. • The laboratory, as part of their analytical procedure, will take a sub-sample coring of the submitted sample to remove the outer portions more prone to potential disturbance. • Core samples were selected based on overall representation in the dataset for the respective logged lithology and porosity to ensure sufficient samples were captured for each hydrogeological unit (e.g. lithology type, cementation, open vugs, fractures, etc.). Sample selection also required the core to be intact, undisturbed, and to be collected in a timely manner such that drying and recrystallization of halite from brine would not significantly occur. • The sampling procedures in 2023 included collecting adjacent core samples for black sands to test variability in sampling techniques and potential local variations. The outcome of results were used to improve sampling techniques. Quality of assay data and laboratory tests Depth-specific brine chemistry sample methods from diamond core holes used for estimation: • In 1988 and 1989, 43 bailer samples were collected during exploration well drilling. • In 2007, a total of 40 bailer samples were collected in the upper 40 m of the salar nucleus. • From 2010 to 2013, depth-specific brine samples obtained from 376 double packers were collected at 6 m intervals and 54 bailer samples were collected across the salar. Samples were sent to ADY Resources Ltd owned laboratory in Jujuy, Argentina. External laboratories conducted third-party duplicate analyses. These laboratories were ALS Minerals located in Mendoza, Argentina and Alex Stewart Laboratory located in Jujuy, Argentina. Field geologists collected and submitted a duplicate brine sample for every 10 samples and standard samples for quality assurance and quality control (QAQC) purposes. • During the 2020 – 2021 campaign, 24 depth-specific brine samples were collected at 2 m intervals using a single or double packer system and sent to the primary laboratory, SGS Lakefield, an external ISO 9001 accredited independent laboratory in Salta, Argentina for analysis. Standard, blank, duplicate, and split samples were included for analyses. Duplicate samples were also analysed by a secondary check laboratory: Alex Stewart International, an external ISO 9001 accredited independent laboratory in Mendoza, Argentina. • From 2022 to May 2024, 196 depth-specific brine samples were collected using single or double packer systems typically for 7 m intervals and up to 14 m. Larger intervals were conducted at depth to confirm consistent grade, but are excluded from the estimation as the interval length exceeds the basis for depth-specific. Samples were sent to primary lab Alex Stewart International, an external ISO 9001 accredited independent laboratory in Jujuy, Argentina for analysis. Standard, blank, duplicate, and split samples were also submitted for analysis. SGS laboratory served as a check lab to assess results from the primary lab. • The packer sampling procedure included: 1. selecting the test interval based on core examination, 2. flushing the borehole with brine to thin and disperse drilling fluids, 3. installing inflatable packer(s) for the test interval, 4. purging a minimum of 3 volumes of the test interval and core rods, and 5. collecting a sample. Purging duration was limited such that if 200 litres volume could not be achieved within a set timeframe (due to low aquifer permeability), the sample collection effort was abandoned. • Analysis included the following variables (not all variables were included prior to 2022): B, Ca, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, pH, density, total alkalinity, carbonates, total dissolved solids, and specific electrical conductivity. • Purge sampling from wells for the pilot processing plant were sent to the Rio Tinto laboratory in Bundoora, Australia. Characterisation included bicarbonate. A relationship was developed to convert total alkalinity from assays analysed by the primary lab to bicarbonate for estimation in the Ore Reserves block model to inform the mine plan. • Assay results are stored in the acQuire™ database.

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Appendix 21 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Surface brine chemistry samples from test pits: • 297 samples were collected across the salar area in 2009 and 2010 and analysed by the ADY Resources Ltd owned laboratory while independent ISO accredited Acme Analytical Laboratories served as a check laboratory. • Samples were collected once the brine was left to settle and become clear of suspended solids. • Samples were collected in brine-rinsed 1 L sample bottles filled to the top and sealed. • Duplicate samples were collected at random intervals at a rate of 1 for every 10 samples collected. Brine interface characterisation: • Sampling for laboratory analysis included shallow packer samples at the salar margins to capture lower grades and aid definition of the brine interface from brackish water. • The brine interface was further defined using in situ water quality sensing by specific electrical conductivity profiles conducted with an AquaTROLL sensor (electrical conductivity normalised for temperature). The sensor logged at 1 m intervals typically with 3 measurements per meter to allow for sensor equilibration. Core analysis: • Core samples were collected while still moist and packaged to minimise disturbance and retain moisture. • The laboratory prepared a sub-sample and re-saturated the sample using site specific brine. • In total, 524 core samples have been analysed to characterise Sy for estimation purposes. QAQC was conducted by statistically analysing results for similarly logged lithologies. Results indicated acceptable level of precision and accuracy with no indication of bias. Verification of sampling and assaying • Analysis of a small number of twinned diamond core holes indicates similar lithium grades at depth and immaterial differences in the presence of cavities in the fractured halite. For black sand aquifer zones in twinned diamond core holes, local-scale variability in the presences and thickness of black sand beds was observed, but not considered material. Pumping tests in the black sand aquifer were evaluated to identify aquifer-scale changes in transmissivity. • Field data were transferred from pre-formatted logging templates for direct upload to the drill hole database to eliminate transfer errors associated with re-typing. Lithologic logs were verified by a senior geologist. • Assay data was electronically provided by the laboratory and uploaded into the acQuire™ database. • Drill core photos are stored as image files on the site geology server and in the Imago™ database. • No adjustments are made to assay data. Location of data points • All surveyed coordinates use the Argentinian Posiciones Geodesicas Argentinas (POSGAR) 1994 coordinate system, datum Zone 3 and are considered accurate for the purposes of the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves estimation. • 80% of drill hole collars were surveyed after construction by an external licensed surveyor. The other 20% were surveyed using a handheld GPS system. • All drill holes are vertical. Downhole inclination surveying was done at 13 drill holes with a maximum deviation of 5º from vertical being observed. • The topographic surface was acquired from WorldDEMTM at a resolution of 5 m and corrected to the Argentinian Mining Development Technical Assistant Project (PASMA) framework which uses a geoid transformation for elevations and is consistent with elevations from professional land surveyors. Data spacing and distribution • Drill holes are spaced irregularly due to different exploration campaigns and drilling objectives, including: increasing the resource, increasing confidence in stratigraphic understanding, aquifer testing, targeting different aquifers for determination of aquifer parameters, local geotechnical evaluation, and environmental monitoring. • Drill hole spacing can range from < 0.1 km to 4 km in the salar area. Drill spacing is deemed sufficient by the Competent Persons to establish hydrogeological and grade continuity, and to support the applied Mineral Resources classification.

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Appendix 22 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness • Downhole compositing of drill hole samples for key hydraulic parameters and grade estimation purposes is discussed in Section 3. Orientation of data in relation to geological structure • Salar sediments are sub-horizontal and gradational beds and lenses of clastic sediments and evaporites which host brine in pore spaces. Mineralisation of lithium grade is moderately density-dependent with higher grades occurring near the terminal area of the basin and increasing aquifer depth. Vertical drill holes are perpendicular to these horizontal layers and, therefore, unit thicknesses do not need to be corrected for any dip angle. The vertical orientation of drill holes also facilitates estimations where aquifer thickness and orientation is a factor such as hydraulic gradient, transmissivity, horizontal (or radial) hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and anisotropy. Sample security • The Rincon Project employs a security team to monitor site security. • Brine sample bottles and core samples are sealed and stored in a secure location until transported to laboratories. • Chain of custody protocols are followed to ensure only dedicated personnel have access to the samples at all stages of the sampling and shipping process. • Core is stored onsite in a secure core shed. Audits or reviews • An audit of drilling and sampling data from exploration by preceding parties was conducted by senior geologists and hydrogeologists from Rio Tinto and Montgomery & Associates at the acquisition stage. The data was deemed sufficient and a few data errors were highlighted and addressed. • Internal QAQC reviews were conducted during the phased work for drilling data, assay sampling, core sampling, and testing by Rio Tinto Exploration senior geoscientists and Montgomery & Associates senior hydrogeologists and Competent Persons. Minor improvements to procedures were made following these reviews. Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results Criteria Commentary Mineral tenement and land tenure status • The lithium brine deposit is located in the southern portion of the Rincon basin. Rio Tinto’s mining tenements cover an extensive area of the basin which include the majority of the lithium brine mineralisation and a raw water aquifer. • The tenements are classified as a mineral concession with a Mining License (“Minas”) granted by the Salta Province of Argentina. The Mining License allows allow for mining, provided environmental approval is obtained. These permits have no specified time limit as long as obligations in the Argentinian National Mining Code are abided. • Rio Tinto mining tenements for the Rincon Project are summarised in the table below: Case File Mina Name Area (hectares) Location Commodity % Ownership 23515 Grupo Minero Proyecto Rincon 80,032 Salar del Rincon Lithium 100 22019 Américo 2,873 Puesto Cauchari Lithium 100 • Easement for infrastructure and water is as listed in the table below: Case File Easement Name Area (hectares) Location Potential Purpose % Ownership 17685 Laguna Seca 50 Salar del Rincon Infrastructure 100 18202 Cauchari 25 Cauchari Sur Infrastructure and Water 100 19055 Faldeo Ciénago 1 Salar del Rincon Water 100

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Appendix 23 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness 19309 Traza Gasoducto 49 Salar del Rincon Gas Pipeline 100 20608 Huaytiquina 4 Huaytiquina Water 100 Exploration done by other parties • Regional mapping in the Rincon watershed basin was completed by the Argentine Mining Geological Service in 1996 and 2015 and by the Chile National Geological and Mining Service in 1985. • Exploration drilling, collection of core samples, collection of brine or water chemistry samples, and pumping tests conducted by other parties and considered for the Mineral Resources are summarised as follows: o Exploration drilling and lithium grade sampling was completed in 1988 and 1989 in the southern part of the salar by Salta University. A total of 16 diamond drill holes were completed and 43 brine chemistry samples were collected. o In 2006 and 2007, 14 diamond drill holes were drilled by a previous owner, Admirality. A total of 7 wells were drilled, pumping tests conducted, and samples collected. o In 2009, a total of 297 brine samples were collected from hand-dug pits across the salar by previous owner Rincon Lithium. o In 2010 and 2011, the previous owner Rincon Lithium (renamed to ADY Resources Ltd. in late 2011) conducted multiple drilling and exploration campaigns throughout the salar for a total of 109 diamond drill holes and 3 brine wells were drilled with borehole depths ranging from 18 m to 311 m. A total of 162 core samples were collected for porosity testing, 306 brine chemistry samples were collected using packers, 50 brine chemistry samples were collected using bailers, borehole geophysical logs were collected at 4 sites, and 194 brine samples were collected during pumping tests. Altogether, 4 pumping tests were conducted for brine wells including one 10-day test. 2 raw water wells were constructed and pumping tests conducted in the alluvial fan sediments. o In 2012, 2 additional raw water production wells were constructed and pumping tests conducted. o In 2013, Enirgi Group Corporation (Enirgi) acquired 100% interest in the project and conducted drilling and exploration campaigns in the central area of the salar with 27 drill holes ranging in depth from 18 m to 127 m. A total of 22 core samples were collected for porosity testing, 70 brine samples were collected using packers, and 4 samples were collected using bailers. In total 5 pumping tests were conducted and 37 brine samples were collected. o In 2014, 6 holes were drilled with depths ranging from 28 m to 48.5 m by Enirgi. A long-term (30-day) pumping test was conducted at shallow well PW1 in the fractured halite. 30 samples were collected over the pumping period. o In 2015 and 2016, drilling by Enirgi focussed on brine black sand wells and characterizing raw water in the alluvial fan sediments. A total of 3 piezometers and 3 wells were constructed in the black sands and subsequently tested and sampled. Borehole depths ranged from 120 m to 128 m. A total of 11 wells were completed in the alluvial fan sediments ranging in depth from 18 m to 281 m. o In 2020 and 2021, Rincon Mining Pty Ltd (renamed from Enirgi in 2018) focussed drilling on the western edge of the salar with 8 diamond drill holes ranging in depth from 64.5 m to 121 m. 40 core samples were collected for Sy analysis and 24 brine chemistry assays were collected. • Surface geophysical surveys were conducted in 2011; however these surveys were replaced during recent exploration campaigns and are no longer relevant for the Mineral Resources estimation. Geology • Deposit type, geological setting, and hydrological conditions: o The Rincon mineralisation is dissolved lithium in brine hosted in the pore or cavity space of clastic sediments and evaporites. The interconnected nature of the pores governs the ability of the brine to gravity drain from the media and is a key factor for assessing the potential drainable lithium available and potential future extraction. o Active tectonics form and sustain numerous young Cenozoic endorheic basins in the Puna Plateau. North-south aligned thrust faults, grabens, and half grabens frequently create accommodation space, while transverse strike-slip faults or volcanism assist

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Appendix 24 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness with basin closure. Siliclastic material deposited in the basins is sourced from the surrounding geology of the catchment area, although pre-basin sediments may also occur deeper in the basin and function as aquifers. Sedimentary deposits typically include evaporite deposits dominated by halite with widespread occurrence of gypsum, and travertine from active or dormant hydrothermal springs. The arid environment limits precipitation, and waters migrate downgradient to the salar margin. The aridity and phreatic brine level near land surface promotes groundwater evaporation which concentrates the fluids to form brines enriched in various metals and salts. o Aquifers that compose the bulk of extractable lithium are interpreted as horizontal and are characterised by the fractured halite aquifer and black sand aquifer units. The fractured halite aquifer is a close to surface, unconfined aquifer composed of a thick, well-developed body of halite with open, interconnected cavities between halite crystals. The fractured halite aquifer ranges in thickness from 1 m at the edge of the salar nucleus to 30 m in the centre. The fractured and upheaved salt crust has a jagged salt surface because of the continuous process of dissolution and recrystallisation of salt by evaporation. The black sand aquifer units exhibit confined to semi-confined conditions. Black sands are variably interbedded with massive halite at depths ranging from 30 m to 150 m and vary laterally throughout the salar area. Drill hole Information • Summary of drilling data material to the understanding of the deposit exploration results are summarised by campaign in the table below (excludes samples not included in the resource estimation): Exploration Campaign Years Rotary # Constant-Rate Pumping Tests Conducted Diamond Core # Depth-Specific Brine or Water Chemistry Samples # Specific Yield (Sy) Samples from Core # Holes Metres # Holes Metres 1988 - - - 16 682 43 - 2007 7 293 7 14 646 40 - 2010 - 2011 5 382 6 109 8,054 356 162 2012 2 190 2 - - - - 2013 9 267 5 18 998 74 22 2014 1 48 1 5 209 - - 2015 - 2016 17 2,354 15 - - - 5 2020 - 2021 1 65 - 7 1,973 24 40 2022 - 2024 53 5,629 23 108 15,315 207 292 Total 95 9,228 59 277 27,877 744 521 • The summary includes all drilling and testing as providing some support for the Mineral Resources for the following reasons: o Diamond holes with lithologic logging, brine chemistry samples, and core samples for porosity support the hydrogeological modelling and grade estimation for the Mineral Resources estimate. Only depth-specific packer or bailer samples were directly used for the estimation of mineral chemistries for the brine resource or brackish to raw water. The count of depth-specific samples represents unique sampling points of reference (drill hole and depth) and excludes duplicate samples collected over time from monitoring periods. o Borehole geophysics were conducted at select drill holes across the basin. o Exploration in 2024 also includes 19 hand augered holes in the salar margin for environmental monitoring with a total 32 m. The summary includes diamond core drilling for environmental purposes. Geotechnical boreholes are included in the diamond core estimates and include 13 packer tests to estimate hydraulic conductivity in the northwest portion of the salar area. o Aquifer tests (or pumping tests) from rotary holes constructed as wells and their associated monitoring wells or piezometers contribute to the confidence of the

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Appendix 25 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Mineral Resources. These tests are critical for establishing rated well capacities, well efficiencies, and hydraulic parameters for the Ore Reserves model. o Aquifer testing has included two long-term (30-day) pumping tests conducted in the fractured halite in 2014 and black sand aquifer in 2024, respectively. Pumping test durations have otherwise ranged from < 1 to 10 days for 12 fractured halite wells, 3 to 7 days for 18 black sand wells, and < 1 to 17 days for 17 alluvial fan wells. An alluvial fan well has been in operation with sustained pumping for camp water supply. Brine or water chemistry samples are collected throughout the pumped duration to assess short-term chemistry trends. o Well purge samples were collected for pilot plant testing at different locations across the salar for the brine aquifers. o Raw water exploration wells define aquifer thickness, permeability, and chemistry results pertinent to DLE technology and basin-wide groundwater modelling assessment. Select exploration wells were permitted for water supply. • Aquifer testing was conducted in two phases: a variable-rate pumping test for 1 day and a constant-rate pumping test typically for 3-days (durations based on recent exploration testing). These tests support the Ore Reserves by defining well efficiencies, potential rated well capacities for simulation, definition of hydraulic parameters, assessment of hydraulic parameters (transmissivity and storage) and any potential changes within the drawdown radius of influence, demonstrate short-term grade stability, and serves as a measured reference for transient calibration. • Hand-dug test pits similarly provide shallow subsurface brine chemistry data and aid the brine interface delineation in the salar margins. A total of 298 brine test pit samples were collected in 2009. • Drilling and testing operations continued in 2024 after the effective date of the Mineral Resources estimate and are excluded from this statement. Data aggregation methods • Not relevant as exploration results are not being reported. Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths • The lithium-bearing brine extends across the salar and the thickness is demonstrated by drill holes and samples to a depth of 250 m. A deep exploration diamond hole drilled to a depth of 882 m confirms that mineralisation continues at depth, but was not used for the Mineral Resources estimate because continuity of deeper permeable units is not currently well understood. • Drill holes are vertical and perpendicular to relatively horizontal sedimentary layers. The drill holes thus provide true thickness of permeable units and mineralisation, although local variability may occur with black sand lenses. • The vertical thickness, or widths, of hydrogeologic units are a key factor as available lithium is determined by the properties of these units, including Sy and hydraulic conductivity. • No individual drill results are reported in this release. Diagrams • Diagrams are included in the release as below: o Figure 1 Property location map o Figure 2 Tenement location map o Figure 3 Surface geologic map o Figure 4 Drill hole location plan o Figure 5 Pumping test locations o Figures 6 to 9 Salar cross sections o Figure 10 Simulated wellfield Balanced reporting • Not relevant as exploration results are not being reported. Other substantive exploration data • In addition to the drilling, sampling, and testing data, the following items have also been completed or are continuing to progress as ongoing studies: DLE test work, local evaporation measurements, environmental studies (including surface hydrological features), and geotechnical studies. • A Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) survey was undertaken in 2022 to assess electrical resistivity in the alluvial fan sediments and ignimbrite. The TEM survey detects and delineates conductive strata potentially associated with concentrated lithium brines. Drilling and sampling

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Appendix 26 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness in 2023 and 2024 later confirmed the brine interface and strata and was used to re-interpret the TEM. • A broadband, sparce tensor, remote reference Magneto-Telluric (MT) and TEM survey was conducted in 2022 in the salar nucleus and margins. These surveys characterise basin structure to determine depth to bedrock and the brine interface along the salar margin. Drilling and sampling in 2023 and 2024 was used to re-assess and re-interpret the surveys. • In 2024, an Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) survey was conducted to assess the salar at depth, identify key structural locations, and understand key potential fluid pathways. Further work • The lithium grade and variability of target aquifer permeabilities are globally defined. Local- scale variability of interbedded black sand beds may occur. Drilling and construction of production wells as a part of the mine plan will continue to increase confidence in the Mineral Resources and improve reliability of the estimated Ore Reserves. Section 3: Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources Criteria Commentary Database integrity • All drilling data is stored in the Rio Tinto Rincon Project acQuire™ drill hole database. The system is backed up daily. • Exploration data collected prior to Rio Tinto’s acquisition was verified and validated in spreadsheets and geological modelling software prior to its inclusion in the database. • Assay and core analysis data transfer to the database is in digital form directly from digital laboratory certificates. Geological data are initially recorded on forms prior to either (1) consolidation into a spreadsheet with drop-down fields consistent with the database and then directly imported into the database or (2) directly input into database logging fields. Data have been verified and validated by the database specialist and exploration geologists. • In-built validation tools used in the database and transfer spreadsheet minimise keying errors, flag potential errors and validate entries against internal library codes. • The drill hole database used for the Mineral Resources estimation has been validated. Methods included checking of: QAQC data, duplicate drill hole locations, duplicated intervals, odd total assay values, extreme values, zero values, sample overlaps, and inconsistencies in length of drill hole surveyed and length of drill hole logged and sampled. Site visits • The Rincon Competent Persons undertook multiple site visits to the Rincon Project between July 2022 and January 2024. The initial site visit was conducted with Rio Tinto personnel to assess core from preceding exploration activities by other parties, existing well sites, and geological and environmental features in the basin. The independent primary laboratory and check laboratory facilities were also inspected. Subsequent visits evaluated ongoing drilling operations, core handling, lithologic logging, sampling for core analysis, brine packer sampling, short- and long-term pumping test operations, and pumping test sample collection. Matters pertinent to the Mineral Resources were considered and assessed on site. Geological interpretation • Hydrogeological interpretation was completed by Rio Tinto and Montgomery & Associates. The method involved the use of surface geological maps, inspection of outcrops, lithologic logging data, core sample results for Sy and hydraulic conductivity, downhole geophysics, brine and water level data, brine and water chemistry data (or assay data), specific electrical conductivity profiles (electrical conductivity normalised for temperature), pumping test analyses, and assessment of hydrogeologic basement. • Lithium-enriched brines are formed in arid environments from prolonged evaporation in a closed basin which concentrates dissolved minerals. Salar margins at the edge of the basin tend to have a discrete near-surface brackish mixing zone while sediments upgradient and distal from the salar terminal zone may contain non-saline water. The brine is hosted in pore space of salar sediments. The salar system is considered “mature” because a thick halite core has formed. • The enriched brine aquifer system, which hosts lithium mineralisation, is well understood and defined by phreatic level below land surface, assays, specific electrical conductivity profiles, downhole geophysics, and TEM surface geophysical surveys. • The hydrogeological conceptual and 3D models are well understood; the 3D hydrogeological model is considered to be robust:

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Appendix 27 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness o Detailed lithologic logging of core supported development of the hydrogeological model. Logging procedures were updated and specified for consolidated sediments, unconsolidated sediments, and consolidated rock. Discrete intervals were logged to capture changes in the predominant lithologic unit or primary and secondary porosity features relevant for hydraulic properties (e.g. degree of cementation of sands, presence of cavities, compaction, fractures, etc.). o The integration of logging from previous parties and recent exploration by Rio Tinto was adequate for the Mineral Resources. For consolidated sediments, which primarily host the Mineral Resources, both exploration logging procedures use the same lithologic codes and specify discrete intervals where the predominant lithologic unit changes. The logging procedures differed in the assignment of modifying factors relevant to hydraulic properties, and as a result, a conservative approach was undertaken to assign these factors to previous exploration logging where otherwise unspecified. o Hydrogeological units (HGUs) were assigned based on logged lithologic unit, porosity features, and measured specific yield (Sy) which is a critical property assigned to the HGU. An exploratory data analysis was periodically conducted to revise the HGUs as necessary to ensure the Sy was adequately constrained and representative for the HGU. o Meta HGUs then group and consolidate HGUs to achieve similar sequences of interbedded units and depositional horizons. A weighted average of the hydraulic parameters for the HGUs is calculated at each drill hole and then spatially interpolated across each Meta HGU. As such, overall spatial variability of permeable sediments and critical hydraulic parameters are captured for the Mineral Resources. • The following Meta HGU domains are used for establishing critical hydraulic parameters for the Mineral Resources: o Fractured halite – open crystalline structure from the salar topographic surface to a depth of approximately 20 m to 30 m with demonstrated high hydraulic conductivity. o Upper aquitard – sits below the fractured halite and consists of low permeability competent halite, clay, and gypsum. o Upper aquifer – mostly thin layers of black sands interbedded within competent halite. o Mid aquifer – black sand beds dominate. o Lower aquifer – deeper interbedded black sands in massive halite which dominates. o Lower aquitard – competent and massive halite. o Carbonate platform – travertine deposits with clays, sand and gravel. o Playa – silty sands and clays with some interbedded sands. • The primary zones for drainable yield and permeability are the fractured halite and black sand aquifer units. Horizontal and spatial distribution of the fractured halite is well defined in the upper 30 m of the salar nucleus based on current drilling and testing. The variability of interbedded black sand beds in the black sand aquifer units are generally characterised with drill hole spacing sufficient for a mature salar, although short range changes may occur. Other units are confining to semi-confining and have a considerably low drainable yield or contributing leakage. • Consolidated rock encountered in drill holes or interpreted from geophysical surveys is excluded from the Mineral Resources estimate (e.g. ignimbrite, claystone, sandstone, hydrogeologic basement etc.). • Grade estimation uses brine chemistry domains to consolidate groups of Meta HGUs to zones of similar lithium grade. • Confidence in hydrogeological and grade continuity has been considered for classification of the Mineral Resources. Measured Mineral Resources are distinguished only in the fractured halite and black sand aquifer units where continuity has been demonstrated by short and long-duration pumping tests. • The effects of alternative interpretations have not been assessed. Dimensions • Because the Mineral Resource is a mobile brine, the dimensions are effectively the identified brine aquifer located in the southern portion of the Rincon Project basin. The upper limit of the resource is defined by the depth to the brine interface. In the salar nucleus and margins, the depth to brine ranges from approximately 0.05 m to 2 m below land surface, respectively.

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Appendix 28 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness The depth to brine interface increases north of the salar area. The lower definition of the resource is based on a drilled and sampled depth of 250 m in the salar nucleus. Rio Tinto has mineral rights for a total of 80,032 hectares in the basin. The Mineral Resources were restricted to only brine located within the mineral rights ownership area. Estimation and modelling techniques • The estimation process was completed using Leapfrog™ Geo geological modelling software with the Edge geostatistical evaluation module and Hydrogeology module by Montgomery & Associates. • Compositing of the HGUs and associated hydraulic parameters was applied for each Meta HGU domain. • No compositing was applied to assay data. Depth-specific brine packer samples are from typically short lengths representing intervals less than 7 m. Deeper samples in areas where borehole stability posed an issue include intervals up to 14 m. The median packer interval length of all sample intervals tested was 5 m. The sampling interval lengths are considered by the Competent Persons to be adequate and representative for the zones being measured. • Brine chemistry domains were estimated in 3D space distinguished by consolidated Meta HGUs with similar lithium grades for the following: fractured halite; upper aquitard to lower aquifer; lower aquitard; and carbonate platform / playa / alluvial fan sediments (at depth). • Statistical analyses evaluated data by brine chemistry domains with attention paid to domaining similar brine densities (brine, brackish, raw water) combined with groups of similar Meta HGUs. Only Meta HGUs combined with the brine domain are used for the Mineral Resources estimation. • Mineralisation was estimated using point ordinary kriging with up to three estimation passes to account for variable drilling density that ranges approximately from 0.5 km to 3.3 km in the salar plan view. Vertical kriging was conducted at a finer resolution of 10 m to capture down hole sampling. • Variography used semi-automatic variogram fitting to maintain correlation between variables. • The Rincon Project resource model grid uses the unstructured numerical groundwater model grid established for the Ore Reserves model as the final point in reference for the Mineral Resources estimate. This ensures initial conditions for the Ore Reserves model are consistent for the hydraulic parameters, brine chemistry estimations, and confidence categories. Hydraulic parameters and brine chemistry not critical to the resource model underwent the same initial estimation process in the hydrogeological model and were calibrated further in the numerical model to measured water level elevations and pumping conditions (discussed in Section 4). An interim “QAQC grid” was used to assess ranges for hydraulic parameter and grade continuity which were carried forth to estimation and use validation tools otherwise unavailable for unstructured hydrogeological grids; this block model maintains the same structure as the resource model grid within the salar area and simplifies Voronoi polygons outside of the salar area. • The resource grid in the salar area was laterally consistent with 250 m by 250 m block model cells in the horizontal direction. The grid includes 23 layers with variable cell thicknesses in the vertical direction with greater refinement in the target production layers ranging from 3 m to 12 m, and lesser refinement at the base of the model up to a cell thickness of 150 m. • Hydraulic parameter estimation used point ordinary kriging for Sy and other hydraulic parameters critical to the Ore Reserves to serve as initial conditions prior to calibration. • Grade estimation used point ordinary kriging algorithms to estimate block grades of lithium, total dissolved solids, boron, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate. • Hard boundaries were applied to the brine chemistry domains. • Kriging neighbourhood analyses were completed to determine appropriate parameters for block size, discretisation and numbers of samples. The minimum number of samples was set to 6 and the maximum number of samples to 16, with a limit of 2 samples per drill hole. Three increasing search volumes were used for grade estimation with the primary search ranges between 3,000 m and 4,000 m and dependent upon domain. • The grade estimation was validated in the salar area using visual comparisons between drill hole data and block grades, QAQC grid kriging neighbourhood analysis (KNA) and kriging variance, and comparison to previous internal estimates. The validation showed variograms were appropriate and the derived resource categories were reasonable.

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Appendix 29 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness • The grade estimation is considered by the Competent Persons to be appropriate for the Mineral Resources estimate. • Recovery factors are not applied to the Mineral Resources model. Recovery and dilution are incorporated for the Ore Reserves using a numerical groundwater flow and transport model. • Depth-specific brine chemistry samples used for the resource estimate were compared to pumping tests samples which represent the well screened length and a larger, aquifer-scale composite length (“multizonal”). Long-term reconciliation of actual and predicted data is not informative for the resource model due to the mobilisation of brine, and given the resource is the in situ distribution of lithium representative of a single point in time. • No established mining has occurred that will allow long-term reconciliation of actual and predicted data. Moisture • Not relevant for lithium brine. Cut-off parameters • The Mineral Resources cut-off for reporting is 250 mg/L of lithium. • The cut-off grade decision is based on economic analysis of the material and processing methodology. Mining factors or assumptions • The proposed mining operation will be extraction of brine by production wells. Proposed well depths range from 30 m to 140 m depending on the depth of the aquifer target. • The Mineral Resources are reported as the in situ total, theoretical, drainable brine volume above cut-off grade and no mining factors have been applied. Not all reported Mineral Resources may be economically extractable due to pumping limitations and other modifying factors. Metallurgical factors or assumptions • Pilot processing plant test-work using DLE methods has been successful in achieving separation of lithium. Brine sourced from both the shallow fractured halite and deeper black sand aquifer units have undergone trials with locally sourced raw water for processing. Environmental factors or assumptions • The Rincon Project has received three environmental authorisations. An additional Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was submitted for regulatory review in April 2024. This assessment includes extraction from brine and raw water wells and the spent brine disposal facility (SBDF). Stakeholder engagement has continued since 2022 to maintain local relationships and understand the concerns of local communities. Social and environmental considerations are discussed further in Section 4. Bulk density • Bulk density is not a relevant critical component for lithium brine resource estimation. • A summary of drainable brine volume (using Sy), which is quantified against dry bulk density, is instead provided to satisfy these criteria: o Lithium content in brine is measured on a volumetric basis as milligrams per litre (mg/L) and applied to the available drainable brine volume measured from core samples as Sy. o Core is tested using the relative brine release capacity (RBRC) methodology from the Daniel B. Stephens Laboratory in New Mexico (United States) which estimates the total volume of fluid that can readily drain from a relatively undisturbed core sample. Each core sample was collected and packaged in a timely manner in the field to reduce drying of the sample and shipped. Core samples are tested with brine fluid representative of the location. o The HGUs represented by the Sy measurements are similar in representation to the HGUs in the resource drilling data. o In total, 521 core samples were retained from 117 drill holes since 2010 after QAQC to evaluate HGUs and assign Sy which is a critical parameter for the resource estimation. Core samples form a basis for the Sy assignment for each HGU with the exception of fractured halite and coarse clastics (gravel) which are challenging to collect an undisturbed sample and instead use literature values. 180 Sy measurements represent black sand classified as either uncemented, poorly cemented, moderately cemented, or well cemented. The average measured Sy for the black sands was 16% for uncemented, 7.7% for poorly to moderately cemented, and 4.4% for well cemented. Classification • The Rincon Project resource has been classified as Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources based on the understanding and confidence of the hydrogeological system.

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Appendix 30 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness • Resource classification required a block to be within Rio Tinto tenements, above the lithium cut-off grade of 250 mg/L, and saturated. Confidence in hydrogeological continuity, hydraulic parameters, and grade (from variogram ranges) were determining factors for all classification criteria outlined below. Confidence levels were then established based on the following criteria: o Measured  Drill hole spacing (up to 4 km) and based on the thickness of the aquifer units tested; volume reduced where Sy was more variable.  Demonstrated lithium grade from depth-specific samples.  Measured horizontal hydraulic conductivity as demonstrated by a pumping test. Potential classification of Measured is restricted to the tested intervals for the fractured halite and black sand aquifer units. o Indicated  Drill hole spacing (up to 7 km) and deepest total depth of drill holes within this range; volume reduced where Sy was more variable.  Availability of lithium grade from depth-specific samples. o Inferred  Drill hole spacing (up to 10 km) and deepest total depth of drill holes within this range; volume reduced where Sy was more variable.  Availability of lithium grade from samples. Audits or reviews • A number of Mineral Resources estimates were completed by SRK Consulting between 2012 and 2018 for the previous property owners. An audit and update of the Rincon Project resource estimate was conducted by Montgomery & Associates between 2020 and 2021. The audit found improvements needed for modelling heterogeneity of units and the resource which were then implemented as a part of the update. • These Mineral Resources prior to 2022 are considered historical and are not reported in accordance with the JORC Code; however, the audits are relevant to the data and methodology applied to the current Mineral Resources. • Updated resource models and estimates for Rincon Project were completed by hydrogeologic consulting firm Montgomery & Associates to support the pre-feasibility study (PFS) in 2022, interim evaluations, and the feasibility study (FS) in 2024. • The resource estimation methodology and criteria for the current Mineral Resources were initially developed as a collaboration by Montgomery & Associates and Rio Tinto. Reviews of the methodology, criteria, and outputs were carried out at key stages during the resource estimation process by Rio Tinto and Montgomery & Associates. • Internal resource models and estimations prepared in 2022, 2023, and 2024 were audited by the Rio Tinto Technical Evaluation Group. The audit found the methodology and estimates to be reasonable. Discussion of relative accuracy/ confidence • The Competent Persons consider that the Mineral Resources estimate has good global accuracy and a level of local accuracy that is sufficient to support mine planning studies aimed at preparing Probable Ore Reserves. • Assay grades for brine samples obtained during short (3-day) and long-duration (30-day) pumping tests have been compared to depth-specific brine samples in the same wells and are consistent, suggesting good accuracy of the depth-specific sample results.

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Appendix 31 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Section 4: Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves Criteria Commentary Mineral Resource estimate for conversion to Ore Reserves • The Mineral Resources used as the basis for the Ore Reserves estimate is based on the information in Section 3 of this Table 1. Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves. • Probable Ore Reserves are defined based on the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources. Site visits • The Competent Persons for the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves undertook multiple site visits to the Rincon Project between July 2022 to January 2024. The initial site visit was conducted with Rio Tinto geologists to assess core from preceding exploration activities, existing well sites, and geological and environmental features in the basin. Subsequent visits evaluated ongoing drilling, sampling, lithologic logging, and short and long-term pumping test operations. The core shed, camp accommodation, and office accommodation were also visited. Matters pertinent to the application of the requisite modifying factors and conversion of Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves were considered and assessed on site. • The Competent Person for Ore Reserves and Metallurgical Processing has a log established presence with the Rincon project and has knowledge of the site spanning seven years. • The site has road access and a dedicated airstrip. The site is readily accessible for power, water and additional infrastructure requirements. Camp facilities are in place with a current workforce involved in further geological sampling and early construction works for the project. Study Status • The Ore Reserves for the Rincon Project deposit is supported by a feasibility study (FS) for the mine plan and mine design covering the life of mine. The Ore Reserves are deemed technically achievable and have been tested for economic viability using input costs, metallurgical recovery and expected long term LCE price, after due allowances for royalties. • Approximately 30% of the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources were converted to Probable Ore Reserves as of the 40-year life of mine plan with the remaining 70% retained in situ. • Material meeting the acceptance criteria for DLE processing was scheduled over the life of the deposit with resulting Ore Reserves. Cut-off parameters • A cut-off grade of 250 mg/L lithium was applied for Measured and Indicated Resources. The same cut-off grade was used for estimation of the Ore Reserves at individual simulated wells. Mining factors or assumptions • Production plan: o The Rincon Project will be mined by production wells ranging in depth from about 30 m to 140 m. The mining process will include brine extraction from the production wells, buffer ponds, and pipelines from the wellfield to the processing plant-feed tanks. The brine will be processed using DLE technology which has an approximate 90% processing efficiency. Spent brine will then be conveyed and deposited at the SBDF where it will both evaporate and infiltrate into the aquifer. o The Rincon Project deposit will be mined with a planned annual sales export tonnage of 53 ktpa of LCE. o The Rincon 3000 starter plant is scheduled for completion in the first half of 2025 with a capacity of 3 ktpa. The second phase will commence in 2028 and increase production to 28 ktpa of LCE, ramping up over 36 months to an annualised capacity of 53 ktpa of LCE, all of which are categorised as Probable Ore Reserves. o Use of production wells is conventional for extraction of lithium brines and is appropriate for the Rincon Project deposit because the lithium is dissolved in aquifer brine. o Mining infrastructure requirements have been identified by Rio Tinto and will be incorporated as part of the mining project build scope. • Ore Reserves model: o Wellfield extraction was simulated using a numerical groundwater flow and solute transport model (numerical model) to simulate extraction of mineral concentrations from a conceptual wellfield located in the salar. Industry-standard groundwater modelling code using an unstructured grid was used to estimate the Ore Reserves (MODFLOW- USG). The density driven flow package (DDF) is coupled with block-centred transport (BCT) to achieve the necessary density flow and transport required for Ore Reserves modelling. The Connected Linear Network (CLN) package is applied at simulated wells to improve simulation of pumping tests to evaluate dynamic levels and drawdowns at the

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Appendix 32 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness pumping wells. With the CLN package, it is possible to estimate head losses by incorporating a pumping well efficiency. In this context, the CLN package of each production well adopted a well efficiency estimated from each respective variable-rate pumping test. o The Ore Reserves model considers modifying factors for converting Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves, including the wellfield design, feasible aquifer pumping, and any potential projected dilution. o Pseudo steady-state calibration and transient calibration were conducted for the numerical model for pre-development modelling simulations. The pseudo steady-state calibration included density driven flow and modified hydraulic parameters to ensure simulated groundwater levels reasonably matched measured levels. Statistics of the pseudo steady-state calibration were acceptable and within international modelling guidelines. The transient calibration assessed dynamic drawdown and recovery responses demonstrated by brine pumping tests with priority given to long-term tests. The transient calibration was considered reasonable. o A water balance defines the underlying hydrological processes in the basin. Inflows (or recharge) to the main aquifers are estimated based on the quantification of total precipitation which directly infiltrates the ground or flows laterally on top of the surface to recharge another area. Outflow is estimated as evaporation discharge from the system. Recharge and evaporation modelling estimated availability of raw water and the dilution of brine density and lithium grade along salar margins and was deemed acceptable for the Ore Reserves estimate. o The numerical model has assumed sufficient account for estimated ore migration through brine flow and potential dilution. Dilution is simulated by the numerical model to account for changes in brine density and lithium grade from migration of fluid from the salar margins and potential infiltration from the SBDF. o The numerical model has lateral block size spacing of 250 m by 250 m and variable vertical block spacing of 3 m to 20 m for the production aquifer depths in the salar area. While production well locations are selected based on areas of higher grade or improved aquifer permeability, bulk mining (minimal selectivity) will occur due to the radial flow of brine to the wells. o Ore Reserves are calculated from a point of reference of processed brine (applying a process efficiency factor of 90% for lithium), rather than at the production wellheads. o Inferred Mineral Resources are not converted to Ore Reserves. o The numerical model also assessed transport of boron, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate for the mine plan. • Modifying factors: o Modifying factors considered during the Ore Reserves estimation included production well efficiency, wellfield placement, potential future dilution from direct recharged of raw water (precipitation)or brackish water as lateral recharge from salar margins, and hydraulic parameters that affect well yield. The Ore Reserves model encompasses the entire Rincon watershed basin to also incorporate stress or changes to the hydrological system from raw water extraction, assumed pumping from adjacent properties, estimated climate change factors, and infiltration from the SBDF. o Modifying factors of hydrological processes relevant to the water balance (inflows and outflows of the basin) are estimated from the following: 3 meteorological stations in the basin and publicly available stations in adjacent salars, estimates from satellite data, snowmelt estimates, geological units dictating infiltration capability, remote sensing of seasonal images to delineate where evapotranspiration occurs and estimated magnitudes, and local seasonal dome evaporation measurements across the basin. o A geotechnical investigation was conducted for the SBDF design to assess the underlying sediments and their infiltration capacity. A liner will be emplaced along the SBDF embankment for stability but will otherwise be unlined which will allow for some infiltration of the spent brine to the underlying aquifer. This may result in some dilution of lithium grade in the local aquifer brine near the SBDF. o The production wellfield is planned in an area that was previously explored by drilling, sampling, and pumping tests. A monitoring program will document any changes that may occur during operation of the wellfield.

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Appendix 33 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Metallurgical factors or assumptions • The metallurgical process proposed is DLE technology consisting of a selective lithium adsorbent, concentration and water recovery, impurity removal and conversion of the concentrated lithium chloride to a crude lithium carbonate. The crude lithium carbonate is further refined to produce a battery grade lithium carbonate quality product. • The lithium adsorption process is assumed to have an 86% recovery. The overall plant recovery for lithium is 90%. • The Rincon Project estimated Ore Reserves has an average extracted grade of 350 mg/L lithium over the life of mine. • The feasibility study has validated the process design and residual risks are considered acceptable. Metallurgical test work during the feasibility study mainly focussed on the following areas: o Reduction in water consumption and therefore water supply risk. o Optimising of unit operations and reagent consumptions. o Definition and sensitivity of the flowsheet to the operating envelope. • Test work is appropriate for this type of deposit to reduce potential environmental impact (a portion of depleted brine should re-infiltrate and recharge the aquifer at the SBDF). The following efforts have progressed to investigate artificial recharge and potential mitigation strategies: o Shallow gravity-fed infiltration trials have been completed to assess the suitability of re- injection trials. o A larger scale re-injection trial is proposed and basic engineering design is prepared. The plan was submitted to the Mining Secretariat and seeking approval. Environmental factors or assumptions • Activities are underway for the construction of authorized camps and auxiliary infrastructure necessary for the development of the Rincon 3000 project (authorized Resolution No. 009/2023), as well as the facilities for Rincon 3000. • The ESIA for Rincon Full Potential (RFP) was submitted to the Mining Secretariat in April 2024 and approval is expected by July 2025. The approval process is being closely monitored. An initial meeting was held on June 2024 with the technical team from the Mining Secretariat, Water Resources, Indigenous Secretariat and Environment Department. • Waste facilities are summarised as follows: o Spent brine disposal facility (SBDF) 250 Mm3 capacity. o Filtered waste storage facility (FWSF) 0.7 Mm3 (wet) capacity fully lined. Infrastructure • Site access to the Rincon Project is by chartered flights from Salta to a private airstrip onsite developed in 2023 or via a series of paved and unpaved sections of National Road 51 (RN51) west of the city of Salta. Total driving distance between Salta and the Project is 270 km and takes approximately five hours by light vehicle. The project is also accessible from Antofagasta, Chile, a driving distance of approximately 450 km. • The infrastructure in the region is underdeveloped; the region has poor quality roads (while higher intensity of truck traffic is expected as more mining projects are developed), low availability of railway transportation, poor communications and insufficient services. • The project development consists of two wellfields (brine and raw water) and associated pipelines, ponds, processing plant, camp, non-processing infrastructure, spent brine deposition facility (SBDF), filtered waste storage facility (FWSF) and grid power connection. • Wellfield – one wellfield in the salar and one wellfield in the alluvial fan: o Initially 12 shallow brine production wells in the salar (year 1-3) with an additional 7 added in subsequent years. o Additional 137 brine production wells during life of mine in the salar. o 28 new water supply production wells and 8 existing production wells in the alluvial fan. • Process plant – DLE technology: o 3 ktpa pilot plant (Rincon 3000). o 2 trains of 25 ktpa capacity each (RFP). • SBDF– downstream raise embankment: o 250 Mm3 capacity for spent brine storage (considering Rincon 3000 and RFP annual production and projected LoM). o 0.7 Mm3 capacity for filtered waste storage (considering Rincon 3000 and RFP annual production and projected LoM). • Infrastructure – connection to existing networks: o On-site access roads (120 km). o 2 x 33 kV power lines (26 km each).

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Appendix 34 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness o New construction camp for 1,500 workers (for a total construction workforce of up to 2,100 workers, with the balance accommodated in the existing camps). • Brine wellfield (salar): o Pumping rate (average for LoM) is estimated as approximately 1,060 L/s. • Raw water wellfield demand (Catua alluvial fan): o Base case is estimated as 140 L/s supply (peak). o Upper case 210 L/s supply (peak). • Land acquisition is not required. Costs • The capital expenditure (CAPEX) was estimated for RFP based on a 50 ktpa facility in two near identical trains and pilot plant. • The capital cost estimate meets the requirements for a feasibility study estimate with a final accuracy target of -10% to +15%. • Operating expenditure (OPEX) costs were estimated for the steady state operation of a plant producing 50 ktpa of LCE split into two similar trains. Costs vary from year to year and can be influenced by the production rates of the plant, and by the number of days in the working year. Costs were calculated on a nominal basis and no cost escalation or inflation have been included. • The cost for electrical power varies over the first five years as the Project moves from grid power to greener forms of power. • The OPEX estimate has an expected accuracy of +15% to -10%. This estimate does not include contingency. The OPEX was calculated on a product sale Free on Board (FOB) basis. The financial model will include cost, insurance and freight (CIF) charges. • The steady state, when the plant is operating at full capacity, production is 50 ktpa. • Taxes and royalties: o VAT: The VAT paid on capital expenditures is calculated by applying a weighted average of 15% tax rate. For exports subject to VAT, a 21% tax rate is applied to determine the VAT refunded. o In operations phase, the rate of 21% is applied to the locally procured portion of operating costs to determine VAT paid with the refund obtained in 3 months. o Royalties: The province of Salta imposes the royalty payment of 5% of mining proceeds reduced by operating costs. • Export duties: o Export duty of 4.5% is applicable to mining operations in Argentina. As of November 2023, an export duty rebate of 1.5% was reinstated for lithium producers, reducing the export duty amount to 3%. Under the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (Régimen de Incentivo para Grandes Inversiones or RIGI) benefits, the Rincon Project will be exempt from paying the export duty 3 years after registration. o Income tax: General income tax rate in Argentina is 35%, reducing to 25% under the RIGI regime. Revenue factors • Rio Tinto applies a common process to the generation of commodity price assumptions across the group. This involves generation of long-term price forecasts based on current sales contracts, industry capacity analysis, global commodity consumption and economic growth trends. Rincon Project prices are adjusted to reflect the expectation that they will be sold on CIF terms. • Exchange rates are also based on internal Rio Tinto modelling of expected future country exchange rates. Due to the commercial sensitivity of these assumptions, an explanation of the methodology used to determine these assumptions has been provided, rather than the actual figures. Market Assessment • Rio Tinto is confident in the long-term outlook for lithium, with more than 10% compound annual growth rate in lithium demand expected through to 2040 leading to a supply deficit (source: Benchmark Mineral Intelligence (BMI) benchmark supply and demand forecast as of September 2024).. The growth in electric vehicles (EVs) and subsequent boom in lithium-ion batteries is the key growth driver. With a base case production of 53 ktpa of battery-grade lithium carbonate, the Rincon Project will account for ~2% of global lithium carbonate equivalent demand and will be a crucial supply source for Europe and the United States due to forecast supply shortfalls. • In terms of the sales portfolio, The Rincon Project intends to sell battery-grade lithium carbonate to customers across the value chain, diversified across continents. At present, most cathode makers are based in Asia (i.e. China, South Korea and Japan) but the project pipeline in the West is gradually expanding due to the push for localised supply chains. The shipping of lithium

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Appendix 35 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness carbonate is relatively straight forward via standard 20 or 40-foot containers out of Chile and Argentina ports to worldwide destinations as has been done by existing producers for more than 30 years. The cost of shipping lithium carbonate is low compared to market prices. Compared to ‘mature’ commodities such as copper and aluminium (with forecast demand growth of ~1% to 3% over the longer term), lithium is still very much in its infancy in terms of product volume and price transparency. The projected demand growth and price forecasts for lithium products could significantly deviate from current forecasts depending on market developments on EV policies, recycling growth and battery technology breakthroughs. Economic • Rio Tinto long-term prices have been used as the basis for the financial evaluation (NPV, IRR). The assumptions used in this economic analysis are macroeconomic, marketing, mine plan, operating costs, capital costs, closure costs, working capital and taxation. • Rio Tinto Economics supplies price and cost information on a real basis for use in NPV calculations. Rio Tinto specifies the discount rate to be used. Project NPVs are confidential information however, economic evaluation using Rio Tinto long-term prices demonstrates a positive NPV for the Rincon Project Ore Reserves under a range of price, cost and productivity scenarios Social • The ESIA for RFP was submitted to the Mining Secretariat in April 2024 and approval is expected by July 2025. The approval process is being closely monitored. An initial meeting was held on June 2024 with the technical team from the Mining Secretariat, Water Resources, Indigenous Secretariat and Environment Department. • The government and key stakeholders have a general understanding of the role of Rio Tinto, the lithium industry, and the Rincon Project. To date, stakeholder management has been focussed on achieving major objectives such as obtaining relevant permits, gaining support for necessary infrastructure and providing information about Rio Tinto’s ESG practices. • The current national government supports the mining industry, and has a market-friendly approach, prioritizing private investment and a reduction of state-intervention in the economy. • The business unit and project team have established good levels of engagement with government, communities and other stakeholders, and this will continue during project execution. • A solid framework for cooperation with the Provincial Government of Salta was established, through consistent contacts, engagement, and communication. High level meetings with relevant authorities of the Federal Government have also already taken place. Other • There are no known current impediments to the progression of the project or foreseen encumbrances to the granting of a licence to operate. Classification • The Ore Reserves classified as Probable corresponds to Measured and Indicated Resources in Rio Tinto owned properties. The classification of Probable captures the natural uncertainty of the draw point for the material being extracted due to the mixing of brine and long-term evolution of pumping. Audits or reviews • An Ore Reserves estimate was completed by Schlumberger Water Services in 2016 for the previous property owners. An audit and update of the Rincon Project Ore Reserves estimate was conducted by Montgomery & Associates between 2020 and 2021. The audit showed a number of improvements required which were incorporated into the subsequent update prepared by Montgomery & Associates in 2021 for the previous owner. • The Ore Reserves estimates prior to 2022 are considered historical and are not reported in accordance with the JORC Code; however, the audits are relevant to the data and methodology applied to the current Ore Reserves. • Updated Ore Reserves models and estimates for the Rincon Project were completed by hydrogeologic consulting firm Montgomery & Associates to support the pre-feasibility study (PFS) in 2022, interim evaluations, and the feasibility study (FS) in 2024. A model sensitivity analysis was conducted in 2024 to assess the parameters most sensitive for Ore Reserves estimation and potential production targets. • Internal Ore Reserve models and estimations prepared in 2022, 2023, and 2024 were audited by the Rio Tinto Technical Evaluation Group. Actions from the findings of these reviews were subsequently addressed and are ongoing from the recent 2024 audit. Reviews concluded the model and estimation was suitable for the current study.

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Appendix 36 / 36 RioTintoNonBusiness Discussion of relative accuracy/ confidence • The Competent Persons consider that the Ore Reserves estimate has good global accuracy sufficient to support mine planning and assessments for environmental studies. The numerical model uses density driven flow and adequately captures hydrological processes in the basin. Calibration for the pseudo steady-state showed residual mean errors for groundwater levels within acceptable tolerances by international modelling guidelines. Transient calibration included multiple short-term pumping tests across the salar and a long-term pumping test in the black sands to demonstrate suitability of the numerical model to assess aquifer yield and grade for the Ore Reserves estimate. • To the extent known by the Competent Persons, there are no known environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socioeconomic, political or other relevant factors that could affect the Ore Reserves.

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Notice to ASX/LSE Rio Tinto investing for a stronger, more diversified portfolio 4 December 2024 Rio Tinto will today hold its 2024 Investor Seminar in London, where it will provide updates on its strategy of investing for a stronger, more diversified and growing portfolio to ensure the long-term delivery of attractive shareholder returns. Rio Tinto Chief Executive Jakob Stausholm said: “We have all the building blocks we need to become a global leader in energy transition materials, and we have a clear plan for a decade of profitable growth. “We remain focused on our four objectives which ensure our progress is aligned with societies’ interests. We are moving the dial on impeccable ESG, our ability to excel in development and we continue to deepen our social licence, while we intensify our efforts to become Best Operator to ensure we can deliver growth safely, efficiently and profitably for our stakeholders. “As we ramp up the Oyu Tolgoi underground copper mine, deliver the Simandou high-grade iron ore project in Guinea, and build out our lithium business through the proposed acquisition of Arcadium1, we are underwriting a decade of profitable growth. We plan to utilise our strong balance sheet to unlock and accelerate Arcadium’s tier one projects, timed to meet future demand growth. “We have reached a new era in our decarbonisation journey. This year we have committed to carbon abatement projects representing more than 3 million tonnes of annual emissions, accelerating our progress toward our targets while also investing for the necessary net zero breakthroughs. “We are executing our strategy of delivering a stronger, more diversified, and growing business, underpinned by our belief in the demand for materials which are essential for the global energy transition. With improved performance we can afford both growth and our decarbonisation, and continue our dividend policy and practice while preserving a strong balance sheet.” Executives will detail progress made in 2024 and outline their ambition for a period of sustained growth over three time horizons until 2033, with an expected Compound Annual Growth Rate of ~3%. Progress in shaping Rio Tinto’s portfolio for the future includes: • Iron Ore: Driving a system wide improvement at our cornerstone Pilbara business to achieve Best Operator. Our Safe Production System has been rolled out across all iron ore operating assets and is on track to deliver a further 5 million tonne year-on-year uplift in 2024 and 2025, a cumulative 15 million tonne uplift over three years. • Aluminium: We have stabilised our assets and have a clear pathway to deliver greater returns through growth and decarbonisation. • Copper: Targeting annual production of 1 million tonnes of copper by the end of this decade underpinned by an increase in output from Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia where production is expected to increase more than 50% next year. EXHIBIT 99.5

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• Minerals: • Potential to accelerate investment in near-term production assets of Arcadium in Argentina and Canada following completion of the transaction. • Advancing the Rincon 3000 starter project in Argentina which delivered first lithium2 last week ahead of a final investment decision for the full 60,000 tonne per annum3 Rincon project expected by year-end. • Simandou: Significant progress in construction of mine, port and rail infrastructure at Simandou in Guinea, which remains on-track for first ore next year and to reach full capacity by 2028. • Decarbonisation: Substantial progress has been made toward meeting our targets4. Guidance of capital spending on decarbonisation projects to 2030 is maintained at $5 to $6 billion (lower end). Production guidance across Rio Tinto’s portfolio is being released for 2025. Production guidance - Rio Tinto share unless otherwise stated 2024 2025 Pilbara iron ore5 (shipments, 100% basis) (Mt) 323 – 338 323 – 338 Copper Mined copper6 (consolidated basis) (kt) 660 - 720 780 - 8507 Aluminium Bauxite (Mt) Alumina (Mt) Aluminium (Mt) 53 – 56 7.0 – 7.3 3.2 – 3.4 57 – 59 7.4 – 7.8 3.25 – 3.45 Minerals Titanium dioxide slag (Mt) IOC pellets and concentrate8 (Mt) Boric acid equivalent (Mt) 0.9 – 1.1 9.8 – 11.5 ~0.5 1.0 – 1.2 9.7 – 11.4 ~0.5 Capex guidance 2024 2025 Mid-term (per year) Total Group ~$9.5bn ~$11.0bn ~$10-11.0bn The presentation slides and the live webcast, which begins at 0800 GMT | 1900 AEDT, can be accessed at https://www.riotinto.com/en/invest/investor-seminars. 1. Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Arcadium Lithium plc is conditional upon approval by Arcadium Lithium shareholders and the Royal Court of Jersey and customary regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. Closing is expected in mid-2025. 2. First battery grade lithium production expected in 2025. 3. Subject to the receipt of permits. Capacity of 60ktpa is comprised of 3ktpa starter plant, 50ktpa full scale plant and 7ktpa additional optimisation. 4. Reduction of Scope 1 and 2 emissions of 50% by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2050. 5. Pilbara shipments guidance remains subject to weather, market conditions and management of cultural heritage. 6. Includes Oyu Tolgoi on a 100% consolidated basis and continues to reflect our 30% share of Escondida. 7. For 2025, we are updating our methodology to report copper production as a single metric. 8. Iron Ore Company of Canada.

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Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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Investor Seminar 2024 EXHIBIT 99.6

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2 Cautionary statements This presentation has been prepared by Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited (together with their subsidiaries, “Rio Tinto”). By accessing/attending this presentation you acknowledge that you have read and understood the following statements. Forward-looking statements This presentation includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including, without limitation, those regarding Rio Tinto’s financial position, business strategy, plans and objectives of management for future operations (including development plans and objectives relating to Rio Tinto’s products, production forecasts and reserve and resource positions), are forward-looking statements. The words “intend”, “aim”, “project”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “plan”, “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “target”, “set to” or similar expressions, commonly identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Rio Tinto, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, particularly in light of the current economic climate and the significant volatility, uncertainty and disruption arising in connection with the Ukraine conflict. Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Rio Tinto’s present and future business strategies and the environment in which Rio Tinto will operate in the future. Among the important factors that could cause Rio Tinto’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: an inability to live up to Rio Tinto’s values and any resultant damage to its reputation; the impacts of geopolitics on trade and investment; the impacts of climate change and the transition to a low-carbon future; an inability to successfully execute and/or realise value from acquisitions and divestments; the level of new ore resources, including the results of exploration programmes and/or acquisitions; disruption to strategic partnerships that play a material role in delivering growth, production, cash or market positioning; damage to Rio Tinto’s relationships with communities and governments; an inability to attract and retain requisite skilled people; declines in commodity prices and adverse exchange rate movements; an inability to raise sufficient funds for capital investment; inadequate estimates of ore resources and reserves; delays or overruns of large and complex projects; changes in tax regulation; safety incidents or major hazard events; cyber breaches; physical impacts from climate change; the impacts of water scarcity; natural disasters; an inability to successfully manage the closure, reclamation and rehabilitation of sites; the impacts of civil unrest; the impacts of the Ukraine conflict; breaches of Rio Tinto’s policies, standard and procedures, laws or regulations; trade tensions between the world’s major economies; increasing societal and investor expectations, in particular with regard to environmental, social and governance considerations; the impacts of technological advancements; and such other risks and uncertainties identified in Rio Tinto’s most recent Annual Report and accounts in Australia and the United Kingdom and Rio Tinto’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2023, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on 23 February 2024, or Form 6-Ks furnished to, or filed with, the SEC. Forward-looking statements should, therefore, be construed in light of such risk factors and undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Rio Tinto expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking (except as required by applicable law, the UK Listing Rules, the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority and the Listing Rules of the Australian Securities Exchange) to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in Rio Tinto’s expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Nothing in this presentation should be interpreted to mean that future earnings per share of Rio Tinto plc or Rio Tinto Limited will necessarily match or exceed its historical published earnings per share. Past performance cannot be relied on as a guide to future performance. Disclaimer Neither this presentation, nor the question and answer session, nor any part thereof, may be recorded, transcribed, distributed, published or reproduced in any form, except as permitted by Rio Tinto. By accessing/ attending this presentation, you agree with the foregoing and, upon request, you will promptly return any records or transcripts at the presentation without retaining any copies. This presentation contains a number of non-IFRS financial measures. Rio Tinto management considers these to be key financial performance indicators of the business and they are defined and/or reconciled in Rio Tinto’s annual results press release, Annual Report and accounts in Australia and the United Kingdom and/or Rio Tinto’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2023, which was filed with the SEC on 23 February 2024, or Form 6-Ks furnished to, or filed with, the SEC. Reference to consensus figures are not based on Rio Tinto’s own opinions, estimates or forecasts and are compiled and published without comment from, or endorsement or verification by, Rio Tinto. The consensus figures do not necessarily reflect guidance provided from time to time by Rio Tinto where given in relation to equivalent metrics, which to the extent available can be found on the Rio Tinto website. By referencing consensus figures, Rio Tinto does not imply that it endorses, confirms or expresses a view on the consensus figures. The consensus figures are provided for informational purposes only and are not intended to, nor do they, constitute investment advice or any solicitation to buy, hold or sell securities or other financial instruments. No warranty or representation, either express or implied, is made by Rio Tinto or its affiliates, or their respective directors, officers and employees, in relation to the accuracy, completeness or achievability of the consensus figures and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, no responsibility or liability is accepted by any of those persons in respect of those matters. Rio Tinto assumes no obligation to update, revise or supplement the consensus figures to reflect circumstances existing after the date hereof. ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 3 Agenda ​Safety share (Rincon) Guillermo Caló Overview Jakob Stausholm (presenter) Peter Cunningham and Nigel Steward (contributing) Best Operator Mark Davies Excel in Development Mark Davies Lithium / Minerals update Sinead Kaufman Iron Ore update Simon Trott Q&A 1 All above Break Culture panel Isabelle Deschamps / James Martin / Kellie Parker / Simon Trott Copper update Katie Jackson Aluminium update Jérôme Pécresse Markets and Decarbonisation panel Bold Baatar / Jérôme Pécresse / Mark Davies Financials Peter Cunningham Wrap up Jakob Stausholm Q&A 2 All Close followed by lunch All Topic Presenter

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Executing our strategy for long-term value Jakob Stausholm

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Safety Share Guillermo Caló Managing Director, Rincon Lithium project Rincon, Argentina

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On 23 January 2024, four colleagues from our Diavik Diamond mine and two airline crew members died in a plane crash near Fort Smith, Northwest Territories Canada. We are awaiting findings from an investigation into the plane crash. On 26 October 2024, Morlaye Camara, an employee of one of our contractors at the SimFer Port Project in Morebaya, part of our Simandou operation, was injured, and subsequently passed away from his injuries. Morlaye Camara was a grinder operator and had worked on the SimFer Port Project for five months. We are committed to learn from these tragic incidents. Safety remains our highest priority ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 6 Simandou, Guinea

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Investor Seminar presenters Simon Trott Chief Executive Iron Ore Jérôme Pécresse Chief Executive Aluminium Isabelle Deschamps Chief Legal, Governance and Corporate Affairs Officer Kellie Parker Chief Executive Australia James Martin Chief People Officer Peter Cunningham Chief Financial Officer Jakob Stausholm Chief Executive Mark Davies Chief Technical Officer Bold Baatar Chief Commercial Officer Nigel Steward Chief Scientist Katie Jackson Chief Executive Copper Sinead Kaufman Chief Executive Minerals 7 The full Executive Committee and our Chief Scientist

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9©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Net zero requires unprecedented changes to energy systems Global growth Current energy system (2023) Net zero requirement (2050) 4,662 GW Global renewable + nuclear 21% electricity Share in final energy $1.3 trillion Global power sector investment 42,345 GW Estimated global renewable + nuclear capacity needed US$2.7 trillion p.a. Power sector investment needed per annum >70% electricity Electricity share in final energy 1. Includes feedstocks with no combustion and limited CCS | Source: IEA, BNEF, UN, Energy Transition Commission and Rio Tinto estimates 3-4x more copper than ICE vehicle 5x more copper per MW, 2-3x aluminium per MW, 2x steel per MW as conventional generation Onshore wind Electric vehicles + ~2x ~9x 80% fossil fuels1 In primary energy <10% fossil fuels1 In primary energyPopulation increase from 8.0 billion people to 9.6 billion people by 2050 Energy demand estimated to rise by 74% by 2050 14 million Electric vehicle sales >100 million Electric vehicle sales ~7x

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 10 Cracking the code on energy system transformation remains work in progress but the science is evolving fast Climate Variation time horizons Potential solutions Renewable energy generation So la r W in d Day vs. night Minute-to- minute Daily Weekly Seasonal Annual DecadalHourly Batteries LAES, Flow Batteries, Metal-Air Biomass Hydropower Geothermal and nuclear A portfolio of technologies will be required to support the renewables build out Variations in renewables generation due to climate variations drive the need for energy storage over different time horizons, and zero carbon baseload firming for longer time horizons

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Fragmentation Integration H ig h Lo w Geopolitical Forces and Industrial Policy Te ch no lo gy a nd C lim at e Ac tio n Pr og re ss Today 2035 2050 76% 22 Gt 50% 49 Gt 18% 55 Gt Wind and solar share of electricity generation Net global GHG emissions (CO2e) ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 11 Our scientific and economic insights guide our strategy Pace of the Energy Transition Other key themes Rise of the Global South Resource access and ESG requirements Processing and supply chains Rise of recycling

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Traditional demand fundamentals around urbanisation and industrialisation remain strong… 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 0 5 10 15 20 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 World China India Africa US Europe ASEAN Consumption per capita tends to peak when income levels reach around $15,000 to $20,000 (Real $2015) 1. Historical data from Oxford Economics and forecast based on long run consensus estimates of GDP growth. 2. Includes residential and non-residential building investment and infrastructure investment. 3. Source: UN Urbanization Prospects 2018 | 4. Includes Eastern Europe. | 5. Global South includes India and the rest of developing Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Central & South America. 35-53% % urbanisation 2023-20503 45-59% 76-84%4 83-89% ~65-80% 57-68%China China Metals intensity per unit of GDP tends to peak at income levels of ~$5,000 per capita (Real $2015) ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 12 Global GDP per capita evolution1 Real 2015$k per person - Market Exchange Rates Construction investment outlook2 $bn investment index (1=2023) Global South5 52-66%

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 13 …but we are convinced demand will be enhanced materially by the energy transition 2023 2050 Demand growth1 Attractive long-term demand fundamentals 1 Based on Rio Tinto’s Conviction Scenario. Copper ~1.8x32Mt Aluminium ~1.8x97Mt Lithium >6.0x1Mt Finished steel ~1.2x1.8Bt

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 16 Our deep analysis informs where we operate Si REE4 S Mo PGMs MgC3 Co Zr V Ti B Nb Mn Sn U Bubbles indicate current industry size in terms of turnover1 Al Cu Zn Ni K (Potash) Li Iron Ore Producing2 No current exposure 1 Market sizes are based on volume-weighted 2024 price estimates. Volumes are based on primary production. 2 First battery grade lithium production expected in 2025. 3 Natural graphite market size. 4 Rare Earth Elements Energy transition materials Market size / industry structure Supply security

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 17 The growth rate in lithium demand makes it a highly attractive industry Al Cu Zn Ni K (Potash) Li Iron Ore Producing 2 No current exposure 2035 industry size in terms of turnover (based on consensus) Our growing lithium footprint gives us significant exposure to four of the largest commodity industries next decade Lithium demand / supply Mtpa LCE 3 1 Market sizes are based on volume-weighted 2024 price estimates. Volumes are based on primary production. 2 First battery grade lithium production expected in 2025. 3 Benchmark Mineral Intelligence supply and demand forecast for lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) as of September 2024. Bubbles indicate current industry size in terms of turnover 1 0 2 4 6 2025 2030 2035 2040 CAGR > 10% Demand Supply

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Cauchari Rincon Olaroz Catamarca province Salta province Fenix Sal de Vida Jujuy province Development of super sites in Argentina with production costs in the lower quartile of cost curve 1 Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Arcadium Lithium plc is conditional upon approval by Arcadium Lithium shareholders and the Royal Court of Jersey and customary regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. Closing is expected in mid-2025. | 2 Mineral Resources are shown on an attributable basis. See slide 92 and 93 for the supporting material in relation to these Mineral Resources estimates, including for the basis of conversion to Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE). | 3 Rincon Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves. | 4 Arcadium Mineral Resources are reported on this slide inclusive of Ore Reserves (contrasting with slide 34 where they are reported exclusive of Ore Reserves). | 5 Regulation of the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (“RIGI”) promotes investment in projects that qualify as large long-term investments in Argentina and pertain to activities within certain sectors, by granting a series of tax, customs, and exchange incentives, as well as an efficient system for the protection of rights and dispute resolution. Asset footprint in Northwest Argentina Arcadium1 Rio Tinto 19Mt LCE4 (attributable Resource2, incl. Reserve) 12Mt LCE3 (attributable Resource, incl. Reserve) 23Mt LCE4 (attributable Resource2, incl. Reserve) • Tier 1 resource base • At the bottom of cost curve • Leading DLE technology • Impeccable ESG • Improving investment environment (RIGI5) ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 18

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 19 A decade of ~3% CAGR driven by Oyu Tolgoi, Simandou and our new lithium portfolio 1%2 YoY 1% YoY 3% YoY ~3%3 CAGR (incorporates lithium) Horizon 1 Stabilising our operations Horizon 2 Lithium drives growth, accounting for ~2% Capital capacity available to invest in other organic options, increasing growth by a further ~1% Rio Tinto CuEq1 production 1. Copper equivalent production based on Rio Tinto share of volumes and long-term consensus pricing 2. 2024F copper equivalent production is a forecast based on mid-point production guidance or top / bottom of the range as noted in our Third Quarter Operations Review 3. Ambition for compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for copper equivalent production from 2024 to 2033. ~3%3 CAGR (excluding lithium) Horizon 3 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024F 2025F 2026F 2027F 2028F 2029F 2030F 2031F 2032F 2033F Delivering groundbreaking Oyu Tolgoi and Simandou projects Creep in existing business through deployment of Best Operator Adding lithium increases CAGR to ~4%

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 20 We remain committed to our four objectives and are intensifying efforts to achieve Best Operator Excel in development Oyu Tolgoi and Simandou on track Rincon first lithium Social licence Ngarluma renewables Committed to sustained culture change Impeccable ESG Gladstone renewables ELYSIS and BioIron Best Operator Step change in bauxite production Consistent Pilbara production Staying the course on cultural changeGrowing value and future dividend potential Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 21 During our long history, we have constantly evolved our portfolio 18% 31% 42% 5% 4% 1996 (post DLC) 2033 38% 8%25% 15% 14% 9% 11% 77% 3% 47% 15% 21% 13% 4% Rio Tinto EBITDA1 (%) 1. Incorporates RTZ and CRA in all data prior to their merger in 1995. 1970 and 1996 based on net earnings 2. Other includes Molybdenum, Silver, Uranium, Borates, Diamonds, Salt, Coal and TiO2 3. Based on long run consensus pricing Finding better ways to provide the materials the world needs 2019 – 2023 average1970 Fe Al Cu Other2 Pb & Zn Li Longer-dated3

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Significant value-creating growth Deep analysis informs our strategy Accelerate learning through strong execution of major global growth projects Consistent roll out of Safe Production System ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 22 Strong scientific and economic base Excel in development Best Operator

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Intensifying our efforts to achieve Best Operator Mark Davies Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG Pilbara, Australia

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 24 Intensifying our efforts to achieve Best Operator unlocks value Safe Production System in 2024 • On track for another ~5Mt uplift in 2024 attributable to SPS at Pilbara Iron Ore in addition to the ~5Mt delivered in 2023 • Maintained the 10% improvement in AIFR achieved in 2023 • 79% of employee satisfaction drivers improved at mature SPS sites2 • 25% fewer equipment failures that stop production at mature SPS sites2 within Pilbara Iron Ore Alma, Canada Alumina silo shutdown ↓ from 3 months to 5 days Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia ↑ 8.5khrs of labour capacity in the concentrator1 IOC, Canada ↓ 27%1 shut overrun in concentrator Hope Downs, Australia ↓ 39%1 unscheduled loss on conveyor breakdowns Kaizen results 1. YoY change vs previous year 2. Where we have deployed for two years or longer

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Excel in development Mark Davies Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG

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Nuevo Cobre Winu ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 26 We are exploring for 8 commodities in 17 countries 90 projects ~$250m1 annual spend Bauxite Heavy mineral sands Iron Ore Copper Diamonds Nickel Lithium Brownfield Greenfield 1. Greenfield exploration expenditure Potash

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Current as of November 2024 Centrale Isle Maligne Power Station Argyle Closure Rincon 3000 and Full Potential Simandou Pilbara 5 mine replacement projects Rhodes Ridge 2 sustaining projects Jadar AP60 Resolution Ranger Rehabilitation Gove Closure BioIronTM ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 27 Mobilising projects to deliver compelling growth 22 projects 26 studies Aluminium Minerals Closure Energy & Climate Iron Ore Copper Karratha Solar and East Pilbara Battery Storage Oyu Tolgoi Underground Project

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 28 Advantaged by our in-house capability Safe and sustainable Embedded HSE and CSP protocols Safe and efficient project delivery Strong foundation for operations SPS principles applied Optimised value Studies to drive value, competitiveness New projects office in China to leverage end-to-end supply chain Innovation Decades of in-house R&D capability Bundoora Technical Development Centre • Jadar flowsheet • Direct Lithium Extraction Digital tools, AI, big data, remote sensing

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Crusher pad Rail track installation TSV wharf trestle Milo Bridge 2 (275m) 29 Simandou construction on plan, embedding lessons learned Rapid delivery Simple, modular construction, off the shelf solutions Efficient fabrication, rapid replication Digital delivery, data science, machine learning People Talent development Transfers between projects: from Oyu Tolgoi to Simandou, Rincon and Resolution Globally mobile workforce ESG Embedded HSE and CSP AI potential for species monitoring Agility to succeed in a complex environment ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Excel in development Rincon, Argentina Competitive advantage through in-house capability Finding, studying and building more efficiently, while continuously embedding lessons Developing strong technical and construction talent Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG 30

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Minerals – optimising operations and unlocking lithium Sinead Kaufman

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32 Providing minerals essential to a low-carbon future Integrated business | Global footprint | Downstream expertise | Processing excellence Portfolio of market-leading, high-value specialty products integrated across the supply chain Iron & TitaniumIron Ore Company of CanadaBoron Global leader in TiO2 (14% market share) with capacity to grow Western leader in refined borates, supplying ~30% of global demand Producer of high-grade (>65% Fe1) and low-impurity iron ore Diavik Optimising value of remaining production in partnership with iconic brands 1 See supporting references for Iron Ore Company of Canada grades on slide 94

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 33 First lithium achieved at Rincon with expansion to 60ktpa1 pending permits and Board approval Acquired in March 2022 Rapid progress and significant learnings since acquisition of early-stage project • Delivered first lithium from the 3ktpa pilot plant just 32 months after acquisition • Learnings related to infrastructure permitting, engineering, logistics and construction to be leveraged for full-scale operation • Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) conserves water and reduces waste, with faster production and better consistency • Work to date has informed Arcadium acquisition and given us confidence in our ability to scale-up operations • Targeting capacity of 60ktpa1 subject to Board approval and receipt of permits 1 Capacity of 60ktpa is comprised of 3ktpa starter plant, 50ktpa full scale plant and 7ktpa additional optimisation. Progress by October 2024

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34 Multi-generational asset base with significant production upside Large-scale and high-grade assets with expansion potential 9Mt LCE Reserves 37Mt LCE Resources2 1. Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are shown on an attributable basis. See slide 93 for the supporting material in relation to these Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves estimates, including for the basis of conversion to Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE). 2. Arcadium Mineral Resources are reported on this slide exclusive of Ore Reserves (contrasting with slide 18 where they are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves). Excludes additional Arcadium capacity to be unlocked by Rio Tinto. 3. Rincon Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves. 4. Jadar Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Mineral Reserves. Proven success in resource expansion Rincon 2Mt LCE Reserves 12Mt LCE Resources3 Industry leading resource endowment1 … ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Jadar 6Mt LCE Resources4

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Arcadium acquisition delivers a Tier 1 asset footprint 2035 lithium cost curve1 $/t LCE • Combined assets represent the top lithium resource endowment in the world, well positioned on the cost curve • Downstream capability with multiple product offerings and flexibility to meet customer needs • Acquisition expected to close in mid-2025 Q4Q3Q2Q1 O la ro z Fe ni x Sa l d e Vi da Brines Hard-rock Other Ja da r R in co n Arcadium and Rio Tinto assets expected to generate strong returns through the cycle ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 35 1. C3 costs include C1 costs, depreciation, interest and royalties but excludes capital charge Source: Lithium C3 cost curve from Benchmark Minerals Intelligence W ha bo uc hi G al ax y

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36 Our financial strength and project delivery expertise will enable us to realise Arcadium’s growth post-acquisition Arcadium1 and Rio Tinto projects Nameplate capacity2 ktpa LCE 75 Arcadium 2024 nameplate capacity Arcadium stated capacity growth Fenix 1b & Galaxy3 Rincon Horizon 2 Arcadium stated capacity growth Unlock capacity Jadar Horizon 3 ~225 ~460 Accelerate Galaxy & Fenix 1b Unlock capacity with DLE expansion Horizon 2: 2025-28 Rio Tinto uplift Rio Tinto projects Horizon 3: 2029-2033Horizon 1: 2021-2024 1. Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Arcadium is conditional upon approval by Arcadium Lithium shareholders and the Royal Court of Jersey and customary regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. Closing is expected in mid-2025. 2. Capacity on 100% basis. Source: Arcadium Investor Day presentation and Rio Tinto. Production will not correlate directly with installed capacity due to timing of ramp-up. 3. Fenix 1b and Galaxy projects are part of Arcadium’s “Wave 1” growth pipeline. 2028 original plan by Arcadium. ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Further upside potential from exploration projects in Chile, Canada and Rwanda

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Cauchari Rincon Olaroz Catamarca province Salta province Fenix Sal de Vida Jujuy province Development of Argentina super sites with production costs in the lower quartile of cost curve 1 Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Arcadium Lithium plc is conditional upon approval by Arcadium Lithium shareholders and the Royal Court of Jersey and customary regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. Closing is expected in mid-2025. | 2 Mineral Resources are shown on an attributable basis. See slide 92 and 93 for the supporting material in relation to these Mineral Resources estimates, including for the basis of conversion to Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE). | 3 Rincon Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves. | 4 Arcadium Mineral Resources are reported on this slide inclusive of Ore Reserves (contrasting with slide 34 where they are reported exclusive of Ore Reserves). | 5 Regulation of the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (“RIGI”) promotes investment in projects that qualify as large long-term investments in Argentina and pertain to activities within certain sectors, by granting a series of tax, customs, and exchange incentives, as well as an efficient system for the protection of rights and dispute resolution. Asset footprint in Northwest Argentina Arcadium1 Rio Tinto 19Mt LCE4 (attributable Resource2, incl. Reserve) 12Mt LCE3 (attributable Resource, incl. Reserve) 23Mt LCE4 (attributable Resource2, incl. Reserve) ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 37 Opportunities for economies of scale and regional approach • Our strong balance sheet permits acceleration of Fenix 1b • Superior DLE capability and advancement in reinjection technology to unlock additional capacity • Optimise supply chain and logistics for key raw materials • Improving investment environment supported by RIGI policies5

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Lithium portfolio: future global optionality Exploration Encouraging initial drilling results at the Galinée pegmatite project in Quebec Pursuing attractive brine opportunities in Chile Multiple pegmatites identified from early reconnaissance in Rwanda Jadar Spatial plan reinstated by the Government of Serbia Progressing Environmental Impact Assessments Ongoing public consultations and community engagement 38©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Image is conceptual only

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Optimising value from our Minerals operations Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG Growth options from long-life, Tier 1, low-cost lithium assets Our Minerals business 39 2025 production guidance: TiO2 1.0 to 1.2Mt | IOC 9.7 to 11.4Mt | Borates ~0.5Mt Rincon, Argentina

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Iron Ore – advancing our cornerstone business Simon Trott

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41 Our priorities are unchanged Impeccable ESG Excel in developmentBest Operator Social licence Values-based performance culture Equal highest employee satisfaction score2, and progress on Everyday Respect >50% reduction in Potentially Fatal Incidents 2018-2023 5Mt uplift from Safe Production System Electric Smelting Furnace pilot plant with BHP and BlueScope 80MW solar farm partnership with Ngarluma BioIronTM pilot plant / research and development facility Western Range first ore expected H1 2025 Rhodes Ridge PFS on track for 2025 Gudai-Darri approaching sustainable 50Mtpa run-rate Resource co-design and development Coastal desalination plant on track for 2026 start-up >20% increase in Traditional Owner spend year-on-year3 ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 1. Metrics, milestones and achievements in 2024 unless otherwise stated 2. Q4 2024 RTIO Employee Satisfaction score 3. Underlying figures have not been audited and are subject to final verification and adjustments We are committed to being the ‘Most Valued’ resource business with strong progress in 20241

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 42 Our global operations produce an unrivalled product suite Capacity IOC 23Mt1 (Rio Tinto share 14 Mt) Simandou 60Mt2 (Rio Tinto share 27Mt) Pilbara 332Mt7 (Rio Tinto share 281Mt) Access to Markets Access to Infrastructure Access to Resources 1. Iron Ore Company of Canada (100% basis) based on concentrator nameplate capacity 2. Simandou blocks 3 and 4 expected annualised capacity 3. 2023 lump and fines production volumes displayed at iron ore fines grades 4. 2023 weighted average China imported iron ore fines grades (source: vessel tracking / customs data and Rio Tinto) 5. Robe Valley and Hamersley Iron Yandi products 6. Projected Simandou Blast Furnace sinter feed prior to 2030 7. Pilbara 2023 shipments (100% basis) IOC Concentrate Simandou6 Pilbara Blend SP10 Pisolite5 60% Fe 63.5% Fe Our Pilbara products are the baseload for key customers3 Fe Pilbara products SiO2+Al2O3 2023 average China imports4 IOC BF Pellets IOC DR Pellets 20Mtpa Lower iron Mid iron Higher iron Simandou and IOC products

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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 Bn 1.6 Bn 32% 17% 13% 10% 9% 8% 6% 3% 3% Growth 2000-2020 Growth 2020-2040 South & Central Africa China India Other ASEAN MENA Latin America North America Europe 43 The long-term outlook for our global iron ore portfolio is robust Crude steel production by region2 Billion tonnes As much steel will be made in the next 20 years as the last 30 years2 Global urbanisation remains significant, matching historical levels Advancing projects remains challenging across the industry Growth in global urban population, 2020 to 2040 Billion and percentage of total ~36% growth to 20401 ~0.2Bt steel output to 2040 >40% of supply to be replaced3 Developed Approvals timeframes for major projects have increased by 12-18 months since 20184 Chinese blast furnaces ~13yrs old vs 50-70yrs in developed regions5 CO2 abatement driving DRI growth Current scrap recycling weaker than industry expectations 92% 56% 8% 44% 2025 ~2034 2012 2020 2030 2040 ASEAN Other India China 2040 2.1Bt 2023 1.9Bt Approved tonnes for major producers3 Percent of total production Approved In construction / development ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 1. From 4.4bn global urban population to 6.0bn (Source: Oxford Economics) 2. Average of forecasts from Wood Mackenzie, CRU and MineSpans. Historical data: World Steel Association and Rio Tinto 3. Production to be replaced in the next 10-years from major producers Rio Tinto (Pilbara), BHP (Pilbara), FMG, HanRoy and Vale (Source: Rio Tinto analysis of public information) 4. Increase in Western Australian approvals timeframes for major mine projects since 2018 (Source: Rio Tinto) 5. Source OECD Urban population growth is the engine to support further steel demand growth Iron ore supply pressures remain

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 44 Product strategy review underway Enhancing utilisation of our leading Pilbara resource base Pilbara mines & infrastructure strength support a consistent product Our product mix will remain fundamental to key markets Short and long-term production uplift Development flexibility and cost benefits Base load for Chinese steel mills Collaboration with customers and partners Current pit boundary 01 Redefining ore within existing pits 03 Accessing new pits 02 Extending approved pit shells High grade ore Lower grade ore Low grade ore High volumes, low variability Port infrastructure in place for ore blending Essential contributor to customers’ burden mix2 Products technical profile Conceptual iron ore pit representation Products blended from multiple sources1 ShippedMined Al2O3 SiO2 Contributes iron units while balancing high silica of domestic concentrates Preferred mix Pilbara Blend Fines China domestic concentrate ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 1. Some bedded ore mines supply multiple ore types; 2. Chart represents typical North China burden mix (Source: Rio Tinto Iron Ore Marketing value-in-use Model) IronAlumina & SilicaPhosphorous 7 Brockman Ore Mines 7 Marra Mamba Mines 3 Pisolite Mines 13Mt Pilbara port blending capacity

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 45 We are driving system wide improvement to achieve Best Operator Organisation design & workflowsKey enablers Operational routines Digital applications Load & Haul Processing Rail & Ports 6% Reduction in Fixed Plant Unscheduled Loss2 3% Increase in volume per train2 Development 6% Improvement in Drill Productivity2 12Mt → 19Mt Expected depletion in 2024 and 2025 2.5t Increase in Average Payload (~9Mtpa)2 SPS is fully deployed in the Pilbara1 2023 2022 2024 2 x site trials 80% coverage1 100% coverage1 Strong operational performance is offsetting headwinds, providing a platform for system level improvement Moving focus to system wide improvement to optimise our integrated supply chain Port Mine Remote Rail 17 Mines 1,900 Kms of rail network 4 Port terminals Cape LambertDampier Robe Valley Hope DownsWest Angelas Paraburdoo Yandicoogina Gudai-Darri Tom Price Brockman P I L B A R A P E R T H Operations Centre 1. Coverage of operating assets Includes sites in earlier phases of implementation 2. Full year 2023 compared to September YTD 2024 12% Reduction in Operating Standby2 6% Increase in CLA Plant Utilisation2 4% Increase in Spatial Conformance to Plan2

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2025 2025 2026 2026 2027 2027 2028 2028 2029 46 Our replacement projects and Rhodes Ridge are advancing Western Range Hope Downs 1 West Angelas Brockman 4 Greater Nammuldi2 Replacement mine capital intensity outlook1 $/t installed capacity Study phaseIn development Rhodes Ridge pre-feasibility study due in 2025 Excel in development 40+ Mtpa Phase 1 Replicating Gudai-Darri plant Social licence Traditional Owner engagement informing co-design Pit Stockpile Processing hub Primary crusher Overland conveyor Initial mining area Rhodes Ridge ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 1. Timing displayed to the nearest year, and subject to the timing of approvals for planned mining areas and heritage clearance; Based on latest study stage gate or Notice to Proceed approval 2. Greater Nammuldi project has deviated from the original development schedule 2025 - 2028

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 47 Shipments guidance unchanged in 2025 Shipments guidance and mid-term capacity2 (Mt, 100% basis) Replacement projects 323 338 345 360 2025 Mid-term capacity Guidance and product mix • 2025 shipments guidance 323 – 338Mt • SP10 65 – 70Mt in 2024 • Year-to-date SP10 price realisation >93% of 62% index Productivity and mine capacity depletion • Safe Production System: 5Mt uplift in each of 2023, 2024 & 2025 • Depletion: 19Mt in 2025, 5 – 10Mt in 2026 & 2027 Outlook • 345 – 360Mtpa mid-term capacity • ~$20/t mid-term3 unit costs Capacity OutlookProduction Guidance Western Range (first ore H1 2025) West Angelas Hope Downs 1 Brockman 4 Greater Nammuldi ~130Mtpa capacity1 1. Subject to timing of full capacity; 2. Subject to the timing of approvals for planned mining areas and heritage clearance; 3. Mid-term unit cost - AUD:USD FX 0.67, real 2023 basis, subject to inflationary pressures;

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Our Iron Ore business Progress towards Best Operator Effective partnerships Values-based performance culture Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG 48 2025 shipments guidance: 323 to 338Mt

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Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia 49 Q&A

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Break Horse racing festival, Mongolia 50

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Panel 1: Culture panel Isabelle Deschamps James Martin Kellie Parker Simon Trott 51Arvida, Canada

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Copper – targeting 1Mtpa this decade Katie Jackson

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53 Strong copper market fundamentals Source: Wood Mackenzie 2050 primary supply gap estimated at 25Mt 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2020 2030 2035 2040 2045 20502025 10Mt 25Mt Primary demand Semis demand Scrap consumption Mine supply gap Existing Mines In construction MT Primary demand Robust demand growth • Demand for semis to nearly double by 2050 • Renewable electricity generation and vehicle electrification to drive ~50% of demand growth • Material increase in primary supply required • Supplemented by rising scrap supply Persistent supply-side challenges • Challenging geographies, declining grades, impurities, and shift to underground • Social license, environmental footprint (water scarcity and tailings), permitting and regulatory constraints • Rising capital intensity and operating costs ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia On track to deliver 500ktpa copper production1 ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 54 Well positioned portfolio of core assets and growth projects Targeting 1Mtpa of copper this decade • Attractive ore bodies underpin sustainable and profitable growth • Record annual copper production expected in 20252 • Oyu Tolgoi drives medium-term production • Addressing near-term geotechnical challenges at Kennecott. Options to extend mine life and expand underground • Progressing projects: Winu, Nuton industrial scale deployment, Resolution and Nuevo Cobre • Industry-leading partners and capabilities across the value chain Geographically diversified asset base 1 See supporting references for the 500ktpa Oyu Tolgoi production target and the Kennecott Ore Reserves categorisation and reporting on slide 94 2 Based on historical production from current portfolio Escondida, Chile Near-term momentum strong, mid-term investment planned Growth projects Resolution, Winu, Nuton , Nuevo Cobre and La Granja Kennecott, USA Near-term reset, attractive total Ore Reserves of 834Mt1

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 55 Best Operator focus: >50% Oyu Tolgoi production growth in 2025 Underground infrastructure to complete next year • Panel 0 operational excellence, cave performing above expectation • Conveyor to Surface operational to meet 2025 plan levels • Concentrator Conversion and Primary Crusher 2 completion in 2025 • Focus shifts to development of next cave panels Panel 0 Material Handling System complete First ore on Conveyor to Surface belt in October 2024 Investing in Khanbogd and Umnugovi regional development Partnering with Mongolia’s Forestry Department to plant 100 million trees by 2030 Catalyst for national development and future growth • 97% Mongolian employees, $18.4bn total in country spend1 • >85% water recycling, investing in water security and biodiversity • Delivering impactful investment in South Gobi region • Focused on outstanding shareholder issues to secure mid- and long-term development pathways 1 2010 to Q3 2024 inclusive. Salaries, payments to Mongolian suppliers, taxes and other payments to the Government of Mongolia.

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Near-term measures • Access to primary ore face reduced by worsening geotechnical conditions in 2024 • Revised mine plan for 2025/26 • Reducing fixed costs and optimising capital expenditure • Supplementing smelter feed with third-party concentrate • Underground to add over 30ktpa by 20271 56 Kennecott reset to address near-term mine constraints – long-term optionality remains Long-term conviction • Attractive Total Ore Reserves2 at a fully permitted brownfield site • Exploring underground potential beyond current Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves3 • 1 of only 2 operating copper smelters in the US • Among the lowest carbon footprints of any US copper mine, 80% lower emissions since 2018 1 See supporting references for the 30ktpa Kennecott underground production target on slide 94 2 Kennecott Total Ore Reserves: 834Mt @0.38% Cu; see supporting references for the Kennecott Ore Reserves categorisation and reporting on slide 94 3 Kennecott underground Mineral Resources 26Mt @2.62% Cu and Ore Reserves: 5Mt @2.22% Cu; see supporting references for the Kennecott underground Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves categorisation and reporting on slide 94 North Rim Skarns underground ramping up Smelter rebuilt in 2023 99.99% pure copper cathodeBingham Canyon open pit ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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57 Advancing Winu: new joint venture with Sumitomo Metal Mining Attractive asset profile Low-risk, long-life, copper-gold deposit Highly prospective for expansion 2025 focus Finalisation of definitive agreement H1 2025 Deepening relations with Nyangumarta and Martu Traditional Owners to deliver mutual benefit Environmental Review Document submission for initial processing capacity up to 10Mtpa, expected H2 2025 High calibre joint venture partner SMM to acquire 30% equity share for $399m including $204m deferred conditional consideration1 Derisks investment and delivers technical, processing and commercial synergies Broader strategic partnership 1 Total investment to date $438m (100%) as at June 2024, includes all exploration and project spend

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58 Strong growth pipeline of global projects with a range of partners Resolution, USA Nuton technologyWinu, Australia First copper from industrial scale deployment at Johnson Camp Mine expected in 2025 Demonstration 40x scale of prior pilot. Leach pad construction underway Second industrial scale deployment for potential implementation in 2025 World-class deposit, 1.9Bt of Mineral Resources at 1.52% Cu1, potential to meet up to 25% of US demand 2025 focus on Final Environmental Impact Statement and actions necessary for the land exchange Advancing partnership discussions with Native American Tribes Attractive starter operation with potential for growth Stable jurisdiction, co-located near Pilbara iron ore assets in copper-rich Paterson Province Ongoing consultations with Traditional Owner Groups to advance agreements La Granja, Peru Joint venture with First Quantum Minerals (FQM) working to unlock one of the largest undeveloped copper deposits in the world FQM progressing community engagement and engineering study Nuevo Cobre, Chile Good progress in exploration joint venture with Codelco in prospective Atacama region Ongoing geological field programs, environmental studies and community engagement ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved1 See supporting references for the Resolution Mineral Resources categorisation and reporting on slide 94

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Our Copper business Maximising value from our existing assets Delivering profitable growth Investing in quality partnerships Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG 59 2025 production guidance: 780 to 850kt

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Aluminium – stabilised, growing and decarbonising Jérôme Pécresse

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 61 We have a global footprint of world- class, primarily low- carbon, aluminium assets • Journey to Best Operator • Repowering of Pacific Operations • Robust technology foundation • Access into most attractive market with a strong commercial position in North America We have strong relationships with governments and communities where we operate We have stabilised our assets and have a clear pathway to deliver greater returns Aluminium is a key differentiator for Rio Tinto

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1st quartile 2nd quartile 3rd quartile 4th quartile ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 62 Our smelters are competitively positioned on the cost curve, with repowering providing an opportunity to further improve 2024 aluminium cost curve1 We own our hydro power assets in Canada, sustained by long-standing water rights Quebec Operations • 6 powerhouses and 3 reservoirs, with a total installed capacity of 3GW • Serves >90% of our regional energy needs Kitimat: Kemano hydro installed capacity of 1GW which is above smelter load ISAL: energy supplied entirely by hydro power Atlantic: Sustaining our advantage in renewable energy Pacific: Repowering and moving down the cost curve • Secured 2.2GW of renewable energy for Boyne Island smelter through PPAs, with the remaining requirements and associated firming in progress • Concluded a new 20-year renewable electricity supply agreement for Tiwai Point smelter in New Zealand RTA RoW China RTA Atlantic average RTA Pacific average 1 Source CRU. Weighted average RTA costs are based on internal data.1 Low-carbon repowering

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We have secured the long-term future of our Tiwai Point smelter in New Zealand Concluded 20-year renewable energy supply agreement, securing long term supply and derisking with competitive renewable energy With the repowering contract, there has been a structural change in the competitiveness of NZAS Completed acquisition of Sumitomo Chemical’s 20.64% interest in NZAS, it is now wholly owned; ~70kt full-year production increase Strengthens relationship with Ngāi Tahu, local community and New Zealand government Best Operator practices and innovation allow us to continuously improve our flex-power capabilities ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 63 2024 smelter cost curve1 NZAS RoW China 1st quartile 2nd quartile 3rd quartile 4th quartile New energy contracts 1 Source CRU.

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64 We have stabilised our operations and are delivering strong performance in 2024 Markets2024 production guidance 3.2 to 3.4Mt Aluminium On track to deliver guidance 7.0 to 7.3Mt Alumina Expect to achieve upper end of guidance Alumina force majeure lifted, with return to 95% gas supply in Gladstone. Refineries back to full capacity by year-end 53 to 56Mt Bauxite Expect to exceed top end of guidance on back of record production, especially at Amrun ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Benefiting from China’s import and geographical diversification needs Strong underlying fundamentals despite short term uncertainties Alumina markets expected to remain tight in the short-run

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 65 Our continued focus on Best Operator objective is delivering Successful materials handling Kaizen has improved feed stability • Procedure developed to address feed instabilities • Automation enhancements were implemented at crude ore circuit • Shear beam added to the apron feeder to improve feed stability After 3 6 9 Q 1 21 Q 2 21 Q 3 21 Q 4 21 Q 1 22 Q 2 22 Q 3 22 Q 4 22 Q 1 23 Q 2 23 Q 3 23 Q 4 23 Q 1 24 Q 2 24 Q 3 24 +11% Now operating above nameplate Production, Mt per quarter (dry) Feed instability Shear beam installed Feed stability re-established Record Q2 at Amrun SPS case study: Amrun mine1 9% Increasing plant feed rate2 229hr p.a. Reducing scheduled losses 1. Our Weipa operations includes three bauxite mines: East Weipa, Andoom and Amrun 2. Feed rate increase seen in April to June 2024 Before

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 66 We are growing in aluminium Matalco: growth in North America with primary and recycled value- added products through 50% joint venture with Giampaolo Group 7 casthouses with 640kt billet and 160kt slab annual effective capacity1 AP60: expanding production line, delivering some of the most efficient and lowest emission aluminium Project on budget and on track for first hot metal in 2026 1 Figures shown on a 100% basis. Rio Tinto Matalco share 50%, Rio Tinto markets all Matalco production. 900ktpa installed capacity with effective utilisation rate of 88% produces 640kt of billet and 160kt of slab. 2 2024F and 2025F are based on published guidance. CuEq production incorporates margin-adjusted production for Matalco 2022 2023 2024F 2025F Consolidated bauxite, alumina and aluminium production to achieve ~3% CuEq CAGR from 2022 to 20252 Low-carbon business underpins our growth 3% CAGR

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Expanding our low-carbon footprint in Europe Greenfield primary aluminium opportunity in Kokkola, Finland Partnership with Vargas, Mitsubishi and local partners We intend to be a significant investor and commercial off-taker Strengthens our global leadership in low-carbon aluminium First project of its kind in continental Europe for over 30 years First deployment of AP60 outside Quebec Assessing sourcing of low- carbon competitive electricity from Fortum. Other partners include TESI Feasibility study and environmental impact assessment to follow ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 67 AP60 simulation Partnership StrategyOverview

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 68 Our Aluminium business Clear vision to be the leader in sustainable and low-carbon western aluminium production Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG Backed by our competitive advantages including our superior product offering Focused strategic priorities anchored in our four Group objectives 2025 production guidance: Bauxite 57 to 59Mt | Alumina 7.4 to 7.8Mt | Aluminium 3.25 to 3.45Mt

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Saguenay hydropower, Canada 69 Panel 2: Markets and Decarbonisation Bold Baatar Mark Davies Jérôme Pécresse

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A new era in decarbonisation commitments 2023 emissions1 % by source Annual abatement commitments Mt CO2e equity basis 1. Emissions baseline updated to reflect increased equity at BSL, NZAS 27% 14% 13% 6% 17% 21% 1% PacOps Electricity Other Electricity Diesel Minerals Process Heat Alumina Process Heat Aluminium Anodes Land Management 34.0Mt 2021 2022 2023 2024 0.2 1.9 3.6 ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 70

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 71 We have been making large scale investments for many years, positioning Rio Tinto for the future Repowering our assets to transition to a sustainable future Developing industry breakthroughs Partnering to invest in value chain decarbonisation NZAS future secured 20 year low-carbon arrangements supporting local grid and new wind development Blast furnace basic oxygen furnace Commissioned low-carbon sintering demonstration plant with Shougang Renewable diesel production Pongamia seed biofuel farming trial in Australia Shipping carbon intensity Achieved 40% reduction across fleet, ahead of company and industry targets 140MW Khangela Emoyeni wind farm Second major PPA for RBM in South Africa Hydrogen calcination pilot Construction is underway at Yarwun for this world first technology Battery electric truck pilots Rio Tinto – BHP industry collaboration and SPIC battery swap trial Pilbara renewables Progressing solar projects with Ngarluma (80MW) and Yindjibarndi (75MW) BioIron R&D facility $143m pilot in low carbon steelmaking technology in Western Australia 2.2GW PPAs for Boyne Bringing online new renewables equivalent to 10% of Queensland’s power demand Évolys Québec biocarbon Partnership with Aymium for renewable metallurgical biocarbon Investing in low-carbon technology Supplying high-grade direct reduction iron ore pellets to GravitHy from 2028

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 72 Delivering projects to achieve our Scope 1, 2 and 3 objectives Wind and solar PV Diavik GreenIron Stegra (formerly H2 Green Steel) Sweden Solar PV BOO Kennecott Évolys BlueSmelting RTIT Quebec Ops Wind & Solar PPA + BESS QMM BioIron R&D facility Baowu HBI study Iron ore beneficiation pilot study Western AustraliaSustainable grasslands and conservation KwaZulu-Natal Renewable power NZAS Solar PV PPA Gove Solar PV PPA & BESS Amrun BlueScope-BHP collaboration Location TBD Savanna fire management, human-induced regeneration, environmental planting Multiple locations, Australia Wind & Solar PV PPAs RBM Battery electric haul truck trials Pilbara RECs and PPAs Oyu Tolgoi Baowu collaboration Shougang collaboration China POSCO collaboration South KoreaElectric boiler IOC RECs & VPPA Multiple locations, US Renewable diesel Kennecott Renewable diesel Boron Reforestation and clean cooking Guinea ELYSIS Alma Nippon Steel collaboration Japan BSL repowering Double digestion QAL Hydrogen calcination Yarwun Tomago repowering Reforestation, clean cooking and conservation Madagascar Electric calcination Vaudreuil Repowering Pacific Operations Renewable energy Diesel transition Minerals processing Alumina processing Aluminum anodes Nature-based solutions Scope 3 Various renewable energy projects Multiple locations, Pilbara Solar PV & BESS Weipa BESS: Battery Energy Storage System; BOO: Build, Own, Operate; HBI: Hot Briquetted Iron; PPA: Power Purchase Agreement; PV: Photovoltaic; RECs: Renewable Energy Certificates; VPPA: Virtual Power Purchase Agreement.

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16.5Mt 4.2Mt 15.0Mt Renewable electricity Diesel transition Processing minerals and metals ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 73 Roadmap to net zero 1. Totals shown represent 2018 baseline emissions, reflecting increased equity at BSL, NZAS 2. Baseline emissions extended post-2040 using assumed asset life extensions 3. Represents net emissions reduction vs 2018 baseline. 4. We anticipate the use of high-integrity offsets (including compliance credits) towards our 2030 target (up to 10% of 2018 baseline). 2018 2030 2040 20502023 Group decarbonisation pathway1 (Mt CO2e equity basis, 2018 baseline) Diesel Processing breakthroughsElectricity Nature-based solutions Organic growth without decarbonisation2 KUC renewable diesel RBM PPAs QAL double digestion BSL repowering Pilbara fleet Pilbara renewables Alumina heat electrification ELYSISTM 50%3 Pathway to 2030 targets underpinned by repowering of electricity supply Net zero requires scale up and economic deployment of technology breakthroughs Nature-based solutions play a role in addressing climate change and nature loss, offset use limited to 10% of our 2018 baseline4

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 74 Decarbonisation Record year of commitments - >3Mt CO2e in 2024; >110Mt CO2e over 20 years1 Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG On track for our 2030 operational emissions targets – targeting 50% net reduction Advancing a strong R&D pipeline towards our net zero goal 1. Calculation is based on full rate of decarbonisation over 20 years

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Compelling investment drives diversification Peter Cunningham 75Operations Centre, Western Australia

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Strategy execution delivering strong cash flow ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 76 Enhancing cash flows through: Best Operator Profitable growth Disciplined decarbonisation Underpinned by: Consistent capital allocation Strong balance sheet

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77 Deepening our Best Operator journey Pilbara • +5Mtpa production in 2023, 2024 and 2025 Bauxite • Amrun operating above nameplate • +9% increase in plant feed Aluminium • +5pp structural uplift in ROCE by 2030 • On track for 500ktpa average copper production1 IOC - focus on stability • Clear pathway to 23Mtpa concentrator capacity RTIT - unlock of products • Improving ROCE from 6% to 15% by 2030 with volume enhancement and by-product optimisation Kennecott - long-term conviction • Addressing near-term geotechnical challenges • Attractive orebody, underground optionality (>30ktpa by 20271) Average EBITDA (2019-2023) 9% Oyu Tolgoi copper in concentrate (LHS) and head grade (RHS)1 Best Operator at Oyu Tolgoi supporting ramp-up of underground Opportunities to unlock valueStrong progress at primary cash generation assets ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved - 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 - 100 200 300 400 500 600 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 P la n 20 25 P la n 20 26 P la n 20 27 P la n Av 2 02 8- 20 36 Production of Copper in concentrates Copper grade % 77% 11% 1. See supporting references for the 500ktpa Oyu Tolgoi production target and production profiles and the 30ktpa Kennecott underground production target on slide 94 9% 1 77% 3% Fe Other/Minerals Cu Al

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78 Profitable growth at Oyu Tolgoi delivering diversification 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 F 20 25 F 20 26 F 20 27 F 20 28 F ↑ ~1%2 YoY ↑ 1% YoY 9% 11% 77% 3% ↑ 3% YoY 55% 17% 22% 6% ↑ ~3%3 CAGR (excluding lithium) Growing in CuEq1 terms in the near term With existing asset improvements and organic growth Diversifying portfolio Total % of EBITDA excluding lithium 1. Copper equivalent production based on long-term consensus pricing 2. 2024F copper equivalent production is a forecast based on mid-point production guidance or top / bottom of the range 3. Ambition for compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for copper equivalent production from 2024 to 2028 from existing portfolio and projects already in execution 4. This statement is an indicative target and is not intended to be a profit forecast. 5. Average EBITDA margin over past 5 years 6. Based on long-run consensus pricing 7. Other includes Molybdenum, Silver, Borates, Diamonds, Salt, TiO2 2019 – 2023 Average Enhanced cash flow in 20284 ~3% CAGR in CuEq terms (equity share) Long term copper price @ 48% margin5 ~$3bn EBITDA uplift Mid-term6 ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Fe Al Cu Other/Minerals7

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54% 17% 21% 4% 4% 79 Lithium options underpin growth for the next decade Growing in CuEq1 terms for the next decade With inorganic lithium a key driver 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 F 20 25 F 20 26 F 20 27 F 20 28 F 20 29 F 20 30 F 20 31 F 20 32 F 20 33 F ↑ ~1%2 YoY ↑ 1% YoY ↑ 3% YoY ↑ ~4%3 CAGR (including lithium) ↑ ~3%3 CAGR (including lithium) Diversifying portfolio % of EBITDA including lithium Mid-term5 Longer-dated5 1. Copper equivalent production based on long-term consensus pricing 2. 2024F copper equivalent production is a forecast based on mid-point production guidance or top / bottom of the range. 3. Ambition for compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for copper equivalent production from 2024 to 2033 4. Other includes Molybdenum, Silver, Borates, Diamonds, Salt, TiO2 5. Based on long-run consensus pricing ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Fe Al Cu Li Other/Minerals4 47% 15% 21% 13% 4%

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 80 Continuous optimisation for carbon reduction and shareholder value 2021 2024 50% by 2030 50% by 2030 $5bn-$6bn (lower end) Seeking further opportunities to lower capex intensity $7.5bn WACC1 for Rio Tinto 12-15% IRR2 Portfolio allocation Carbon price evolution >30 partnerships Target Capex Returns Delivery 1. In 2021 returns from our decarbonisation investments were expected to align with Rio Tinto’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) 2. IRRs stated on a post-tax, real basis inclusive of carbon pricing under Rio Tinto’s Conviction Scenario. Returns applicable to 2030 delivery portfolio only

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81 Consistent and disciplined capital allocation 4.0 2.5 3.0 0.5 2024 prior guidance 2024F 2025F Mid-term Growth Replacement Decarbonisation Sustaining 10.0 ~9.5 ~11.0 ~10.0 - 11.0 2025F 2026F 2027F ~3 ~3 ~3 Capacity to absorb lithium developments Uncommitted Committed Enhanced investment in replacement capacity $bn Growth capital $bn ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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Balance sheet remains strong 8.5 19.6 12.5 13.8 9.6 3.8 -0.3 3.7 0.7 -1.6 4.2 4.2 11.8 0.44x 0.91x 0.64x 1.09x 0.71x 0.21x -0.01x 0.17x 0.03x -0.04x 0.16x 0.18x 0.49x 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Pro forma H1 2024 Net Debt (US$bn) Net Debt / Underlying EBITDA (x) S&P Moody’s A- A A3 Baa1 A3 A2 A1 Credit rating 1 1. Pro forma H1 2024 includes an assumed fully debt funded $6.7bn for Arcadium. Pro forma H1 2024 Underlying EBITDA has been annualised based on the past 12 months. ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 82

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Attractive operating cash flows and margin $bn (RHS), % (LHS) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 83 Robust financial health as investments support future cash flows Operating cash flow EBITDA margin 48%1 average EBITDA margin $17bn1 average cash flow Continuing to deliver attractive shareholder returns3 Payout ratio (%) ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 60 60 60 60 60 10 12 19 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Ordinary dividend Additional return 1. 2019-2023 average | 2. 2024 FY consensus | 3. Shareholder returns on a declared basis, excluding divestment proceeds returned to shareholders 2 Consistent track record: 60% payout for full year dividend

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Executing our strategy for long-term value Jakob Stausholm

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 85 Unlocking the full potential of our assets through Best Operator Care Courage Curiosity Excel in development Best Operator Impeccable ESG Shaping our portfolio of the materials the world needs A decade of ~3% CAGR driven by Oyu Tolgoi, Simandou and our new lithium portfolio Executing our strategy

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Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia 86 Q&A

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Guidance ©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 87

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 88 Production guidance 1 Pilbara shipments guidance remains subject to weather, market conditions and management of cultural heritage 2 Includes Oyu Tolgoi on a 100% consolidated basis and continues to reflect our 30% share of Escondida 3 Around the bottom end 4 From Q1 2025, we will report copper production and guidance as one metric, in order to simplify reporting and align with peer practices. Further details on slide 90 5 Expected to exceed the top end of guidance. | 6 Iron Ore Company of Canada | 7 Expect to achieve upper end guidance. 2023 Actual 2024 Guidance 2025 Guidance Pilbara iron ore shipments1 (100% basis) 331.8Mt 323 – 338Mt 323 – 338Mt Copper Mined Copper (consolidated basis)2 Refined Copper 620kt 175kt 660 – 720kt3 230 – 260kt 780 – 850kt4 Aluminium Bauxite Alumina Aluminium 54.6Mt 7.5Mt 3.3Mt 53 – 56Mt5 7.0 – 7.3Mt7 3.2 – 3.4Mt 57 – 59Mt 7.4 – 7.8Mt 3.25 – 3.45Mt Minerals TiO2 IOC pellets and concentrate6 B2O3 1.1Mt 9.7 Mt 0.5Mt 0.9 – 1.1Mt 9.1 – 9.6Mt ~0.5Mt 1.0 – 1.2Mt 9.7 – 11.4Mt ~0.5Mt

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 89 Group level financial guidance 2024F 2025F Mid-term (per year) Capex Total Group ~$9.5bn ~$11bn ~$10-11bn Growth capital ~$3.0bn ~$3.0bn Sustaining capital ~$4.0bn ~$4.0bn Including Pilbara sustaining1 ~$1.8bn ~$2.0bn Replacement capital ~$2.5bn ~$3-4bn Decarbonisation capital ~$0.3bn ~$0.3bn Effective tax rate ~30% ~30% ~30% Shareholder returns Total returns of 40 – 60% of underlying earnings through the cycle 1 Subject to ongoing inflationary pressure

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Updated methodology to report copper production and guidance • Single combined metric for simplified reporting • Alignment with peer practices • New approach will be adopted for 2025 production guidance and included in reporting from our Q1 2025 quarterly operations report onwards • 2025 production guidance of 780 – 850kt total copper production provided using new approach New approach: a single metric for copper production Current approach: separate reporting for mined and refined copper Production share 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Q3 YTD Mined Copper Kennecott Production of metal in copper concentrates 100% 140 159 179 152 92 Escondida Mill production (metal in concentrates) 30% 287 245 258 265 236 Recoverable copper in ore stacked for leaching 30% 51 35 41 35 18 Oyu Tolgoi Production of metal in concentrates 100% 150 163 129 168 149 Total Mined Copper (kt) 627 602 607 620 495 Refined Copper Kennecott Production of refined metal 100% 85 143 148 109 138 Escondida Refined production from leach plants 30% 70 59 61 67 42 Total Refined Copper (kt) 155 202 209 175 180 Production share 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Q3 YTD Kennecott Production of refined metal 100% 85 143 148 109 138 Escondida Mill production (metal in concentrates) 30% 287 245 258 265 236 Refined production from leach plants 30% 70 59 61 67 42 Oyu Tolgoi Production of metal in concentrates 100% 150 163 129 168 149 Total Copper Production 592 610 596 608 565 90©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 91 Simandou high-grade iron ore project advancing at pace Project milestones 20252024 20282026 Simfer spur line completion 2027 Main rail line completion Ramp-up to 60Mtpa 1 complete Construction milestone Production milestone Mine Rail Port and shipping First ore (mine gate)Early crusher Simfer port (TSVs) capacity at 40Mtpa Simfer port (TSVs) at full capacity of 60Mtpa 1 Shipping through WCS port (barges) 1See supporting references for the Simandou production target on slide 94

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Supporting statements Arcadium - Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves on slide 18 and 37 Arcadium Lithium’s lithium Mineral Resources for Olaroz and Cauchari referenced on slides 18 and 37 are a LCE estimate based on: 1. the 16.87 Mt LCE lithium brine Mineral Resources as reported in the Allkem Olaroz NI43-101 Technical Reporting dated 27 October 2023, which comprise 8.33 Mt LCE of Measured Resources, 2.66 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 5.88 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources; and 2. the 5.95 Mt LCE lithium brine Mineral Resources as reported in the Allkem Cauchari NI43-101 Technical Reporting dated 27 October 2023, which comprise 1.85 Mt LCE of Measured Resources, 2.60 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 1.50 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources. Arcadium Lithium’s lithium Mineral Resources for Sal de Vida and Fenix referenced on slide 18 and 37 are an LCE estimate based on: 1. the 7.17 Mt LCE lithium brine Mineral Resources as reported in the Allkem Sal de Vida NI43-101 Technical Reporting dated 27 October 2023, which comprise 3.52 Mt LCE of Measured Resources, 3.00 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 0.65 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources; and 2. the 11.8 Mt LCE lithium brine Mineral Resources as reported in Livent Salar de Hombre Meurto (Fenix) Feasibility Study amended 14 November 2023, which comprise 2.78 Mt LCE of Measured Resources, 4.29 Mt LCE of Indicated Resources and 4.75 Mt LCE of Inferred Resources. In reporting Arcadium Lithium’s lithium brine Mineral Resources as LCE, lithium metal is converted to LCE by multiplying by a factor of 5.323. Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves. 92

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Supporting statements (cont.) Arcadium - Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves on slide 34 Arcadium Lithium’s lithium Mineral Resources referenced on slide 34 are a LCE estimate based on: 1. the 85.9 Mt of hard-rock lithium Mineral Resources as reported in Arcadium Lithium’s Form 10-K annual report filed with the US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) for the year ended 31 December 2023 (Arcadium Lithium’s 2023 Form 10-K), which comprise 0.1 Mt of Measured Resources @ 1.00% Li2O, 25.2 Mt of Indicated Resources @ 1.23% Li2O and 60.6 Mt of Inferred Resources @ 1.30% Li2O; and 2. the 6.4 Mt of lithium brine Mineral Resources (expressed as lithium metal) as reported in Arcadium Lithium’s 2023 Form 10-K annual report, which comprise 2.8 Mt of Measured Resources, 1.2 Mt of Indicated Resources and 2.4 Mt of Inferred Resources. Arcadium Lithium’s lithium Mineral Reserves referenced on slide 34 are an LCE estimate based on: 1. the 62.1 Mt of hard-rock lithium Mineral Reserves at 1.28% Li2O as reported in Arcadium Lithium’s 2023 Form 10-K, which comprise 5.4 Mt of Proven Reserves @ 1.38% Li2O and 56.7 Mt of Probable Reserves @ 1.27% Li2O; and 2. the 1.4 Mt of lithium brine Mineral Reserves (expressed as lithium metal) @ 658 mg/L as reported in Arcadium Lithium’s 2023 Form 10-K annual report, which comprise 0.3 Mt of Proven Reserves and 1.1 Mt of Probable Reserves. These Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K ("Subpart 1300"), issued by the SEC. In reporting Arcadium Lithium’s hard-rock lithium Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves as LCE, Li2O is converted to LCE by multiplying by 2.473. In reporting Arcadium Lithium’s lithium brine Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves as LCE, lithium metal is converted to LCE by multiplying by a factor of 5.323. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Mineral Reserves. Mineral Reserves as reported under Regulation S-K are the equivalent term to Ore Reserves under the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2012 edition (JORC Code). Jadar – Mineral Resources Rio Tinto’s Jadar lithium Mineral Resources referenced on slide 34 are an LCE estimate based on the Mineral Resources at Rio Tinto’s Jadar project in Serbia as reported in Rio Tinto’s 2023 Annual Report released to the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) on 21 February 2024 and available at riotinto.com. The Jadar Mineral Resources comprise 85 Mt of Indicated Resources @ 1.76% Li2O and 58 Mt of Inferred Resources @ 1.87% Li2O for a total of 144 Mt @ 1.80% Li2O. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the 2023 Annual Report that relates to the Jadar project’s Mineral Resources are Ivana Misailovic and Dusan Tanaskovic, both of whom are members of the European Federation of Geologists. These Mineral Resources have been reported in accordance with the JORC Code and the Listing Rules of the ASX. Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the Jadar Mineral Resources estimate reported in the 2023 Annual Report, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimate continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified. In reporting the Jadar Mineral Resource as LCE, Li2O is converted to LCE by multiplying by 2.473. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Ore Reserves. Rincon Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves Rio Tinto’s Rincon lithium Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves referenced on slide 34 are LCE estimates based on the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves at Rio Tinto’s Rincon lithium brine project in Argentina as reported to the ASX on 4 December 2024 and available at riotinto.com. The Rincon Mineral Resources comprise 748 Mm3 brine volume @ 394 mg/L of Measured Resources for 0.29 Mt lithium metal, 3,419 Mm3 brine volume @432 mg/L Indicated Resources for 1.48 Mt of lithium metal and 1,148 Mm3 brine volume @ 374 mg/L Inferred Resources for 0.43 Mt lithium metal. The Rincon Ore Reserves comprise 1,340 Mm3 brine volume @ 350 mg/L of Probable Reserves for 0.39 Mt lithium metal. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the release that relates to the Rincon Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are Megan Zivic and Michael Rosko, both of whom are Registered Members of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME-RM). The Competent Person responsible for the metallurgical perspective of the Ore Reserves is Brendan Foster who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). These Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves have been reported in accordance with the JORC Code and the Listing Rules of the ASX. Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the Rincon Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves estimates, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified In reporting Rincon’s lithium brine Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves as LCE, lithium metal is converted to LCE by multiplying by a factor of 5.323. Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves. 93

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved Supporting statements (cont.) Oyu Tolgoi - Production Targets The 500ktpa copper production target (stated as recoverable metal) and associated production profiles for the Oyu Tolgoi underground and open pit mines for the years 2028 to 2036 referenced in slides 54 and 77 were previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 11 July 2023 “Investor site visit to Oyu Tolgoi copper mine, Mongolia”. All material assumptions underpinning that production target and those production profiles continue to apply and have not materially changed. Kennecott – Production Targets The 30ktpa copper production target (stated as recoverable metal) for the Kennecott underground referenced in slides 56 and 77 was previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 27 September 2022 “Rio Tinto to start underground mining at Kennecott copper operations”. All material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed. Simandou – Production Targets The estimated annualised capacity of approximately 60 million dry tonnes per annum (27 million dry tonnes Rio Tinto Share) iron ore for the Simandou life of mine schedule referenced in slide 91 was previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 6 December 2023 titled “Investor Seminar 2023”. Rio Tinto confirms that all material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed. Iron Ore Company of Canada – Ore Reserves The grades referenced on slide 32 for the Iron Ore Company of Canada are based on the Ore Reserves as reported in accordance with the JORC Code and the ASX Listing Rules in Rio Tinto’s 2023 Annual Report released to the ASX on 21 February 2024 (Rio Tinto's 2023 Annual Report) and available at riotinto.com The Iron Ore Company of Canada Ore Reserves comprise 149 Mt of Proved Ore Reserves @ 65.0% Fe and 2.8% SiO2 and 275 Mt of Probable Ore Reserves @ 65.0% Fe and 2.8% SiO2 for a total of 423 Mt @ 65.0% Fe and 2.8% SiO2. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the 2023 Annual Report that relates to Iron Ore Company of Canada Ore Reserves are Rodney Williams and Stephane Roche whom are both Members of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the 2023 Annual Report, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the 2023 Annual Report continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Ore Reserves. Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are reported on a 100% basis. Copper Portfolio - Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves The Kennecott and Resolution Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves referenced on slides 54, 56 and 58 are based on the Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves as reported in accordance with the JORC Code and the ASX Listing Rules in Rio Tinto’s 2023 Annual Report released to the ASX on 21 February 2024 (Rio Tinto's 2023 Annual Report) and available at riotinto.com. The Kennecott open pit Mineral Resources comprise 38 Mt of Measured Mineral Resources @ 0.47% Cu and 0.15 g/t Au, 22 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources @ 0.39% Cu and 0.16 g/t Au, and 12 Mt Inferred Mineral Resources @ 0.26% Cu and 0.20 g/t Au for a total of 72 Mt @ 0.41% Cu and 0.16 g/t Au. The Kennecott underground Mineral Resources comprise 0.2 Mt of Measured Mineral Resources @ 2.52% Cu and 1.27 g/t Au, 12 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources @ 2.75% Cu and 1.17 g/t Au, and 14 Mt Inferred Mineral Resources @ 2.51% Cu and 0.91 g/t Au for a total of 26 Mt @ 2.62% Cu and 1.03 g/t Au. The Kennecott open pit Ore Reserves comprise 470 Mt of Proved Ore Reserves @ 0.37% Cu and 0.18 g.t Au and 360 Mt of Probable Ore Reserves @ 0.36% Cu and 0.18 g/t Au for a total of 829 Mt @ 0.37% Cu and 0.18 g/t Au. The Kennecott underground Ore Reserves comprise 5 Mt of Probable Ore Reserves @ 2.22% Cu and 1.39 g/t Au. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the 2023 Annual Report that relates to Kennecott Mineral Resources are Ryan Hayes, Ana Chiquini and Pancho Rodriguez, whom are all MAusIMM. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the 2023 Annual Report that relates to Kennecott Ore Reserves are Charles McArthur and Brady Pett whom are all MAusIMM. The Resolution Mineral Resources comprise 724 Mt of Indicated Mineral Resources @ 1.89% Cu and 1,134 Mt Inferred Mineral Resources @ 1.28% Cu for a total of 1,859 Mt Mineral Resources@ 1.52% Cu. The Competent Persons responsible for the information in the 2023 Annual Report that relates to Resolution Mineral Resources are Hamish Martin, Joanna Marshall and Adam Schwarz, whom are all MAusIM. Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the 2023 Annual Report, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the 2023 Annual Report continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified. Mineral Resources are reported exclusive of Ore Reserves. Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are reported on a 100% basis. 94

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©2024, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved 95 Common acronyms $ United States dollar DLE Direct lithium extraction LAES Liquid air energy storage RTIT Rio Tinto Iron Titanium Calculated abatement carbon price The levelised marginal cost of abatement at a zero carbon price Calculation: Discounted sum of all abatement costs over time at a zero carbon price / Discounted sum of all abated emissions over time Discounted at the hurdle rate RT uses for all investment decisions AIFR All Injury Frequency Rate DR Direct Reduction LCE Lithium Carbonate Equivalent RTIO Rio Tinto Iron Ore AI Artificial Intelligence DRI Direct Reduction Iron LHS Left hand side RTZ Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation AL2O3 Aluminium oxide EBITDA Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation Mt Million tonnes SiO2 Silica dioxide ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ESG Environmental, Social, and Governance Mtpa Million tonnes per annum SPIC China's State Power Investment Corporation ASX Australian Securities Exchange F Forecast MW Megawatt SPS Safe Production System AUD Australian dollar FQM First Quantum Minerals NZAS New Zealand Aluminium Smelters Limited SQM Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile B2O3 Boric oxide FX Foreign Exchange OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development T Tonne BESS Battery energy storage system GDP Gross Domestic Product P.a. Per annum tCO2 e Tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent BF Blast furnace GHG Greenhouse gas PGM Platinum-group metals TiO2 Titanium dioxide Bn Billion GW Gigawatt PPA Power Purchasing Agreement TSV Transshipment vessel BNEF BloombergNEF H1 Half year (first half) PV Photovoltaic TWh Terawatt hour BOO Build, Own, Operate H2 Half year (second half) QAL Queensland Alumina Limited UN United Nations BSL Boyne Smelter Limited HBI Hot briquetted iron R&D Research and Development US United States Bt Billion tonnes Hr Hour RBM Richards Bay Minerals USA United States America CAGR Compound annual growth rate HSE Health, Safety and Enviroment RE Renewable Energy USD United States dollar CCS Carbon Capture and Storage ICE Internal combustion engine REC Renewable Energy Certificate VPPA Virtual power purchase agreement CLA Cape Lambert Port A IEA International Energy Agency REE Rare earth elements WACC Weighted average cost of capital CO2 Carbon dioxide IOC Iron Ore Company of Canada RHS Right hand side WCS Winning Consortium Simandou CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent IRR Internal rate of return RIGI Regulation of the Incentive Regime for Large Investments YoY Year on Year CRA Conzinc Rio Tinto of Australia Limited k thousand ROCE Return on capital employed Yrs Years CSP Communities and Social Performance km kilometre RoW Rest of world YTD Year to date CuEq Copper equivalent Ktpa Kilo tonnes per annum RTA Rio Tinto Aluminium Definitions

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Notice to ASX/LSE Rio Tinto and Sumitomo Metal Mining to partner on Winu copper-gold project 4 December 2024 Rio Tinto and Sumitomo Metal Mining (SMM) have signed a Term Sheet for a Joint Venture to deliver the Winu copper-gold project, located in the Great Sandy Desert region of Western Australia. Under the Term Sheet, which includes exclusivity obligations to work towards a binding Definitive Agreement, Rio Tinto will continue to develop and operate Winu as managing partner and SMM will pay Rio Tinto $399 million for a 30% equity share of the project. This includes $195 million upfront and $204 million in deferred considerations contingent on milestones and adjustments to be agreed. The parties have also entered into a letter of intent to develop a broader strategic partnership to work together to explore opportunities for commercial, technical and strategic collaboration across copper, other base metals and lithium. The Winu project is an attractive low-risk, long-life copper-gold deposit discovered by Rio Tinto in 2017, that is highly prospective for expansion beyond the initial development1. It is located in proximity to Rio Tinto’s Pilbara iron ore assets. Rio Tinto and SMM will now work to finalise definitive agreements for the Winu project joint venture in the first half of 2025, along with formalising the broader strategic partnership. Rio Tinto will also continue to focus on its partnership with the Nyangumarta Traditional Owners, including progressing Project Agreement negotiations2. A pre-feasibility study for the Winu project with an initial development of processing capacity of up to 10 mtpa is expected to be completed in 2025, along with the submission of an Environmental Review Document under the EPA Environmental Impact Assessment process. Rio Tinto Copper Chief Executive Katie Jackson said: “We share a long history with Sumitomo Metal Mining as partners and deeply value the commitment they will bring to the Winu project. This is a unique opportunity to derisk our investment, as we work with an experienced partner. We look forward to working more broadly as strategic partners to find new ways to deliver value across the metals and minerals supply chain. “Progress in 2024 including the attractive partnership proposal from Sumitomo Metal Mining has cemented the path forward for Winu to deliver profitable growth. We will continue to advance the Winu project in close partnership with the Nyangumarta Traditional Owners and the Karlkayn airstrip with the Martu Traditional Owners, in a way that benefits all parties.” Sumitomo Metal Mining General Manager of Mineral Resources Division Hideyuki Okamoto said: “We look forward to renewing our long-standing relationship with Rio Tinto by partnering on the highly attractive Winu Project. We are also excited to explore further opportunities for collaboration given the strong alignment between our companies.” 1 $438 million total investment to June 2024, including all exploration and project spend. 2 Project Agreements are being progressed with the Nyangumarta Traditional Owner Group for the Winu project and the Martu Traditional Owner Group for the Karlkayn airstrip. EXHIBIT 99.7

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Notice to ASX/LSE The closing of the transaction will be subject to obtaining any necessary consents and approvals, and the satisfaction of customary conditions.

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Notice to ASX/LSE Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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Notice to ASX/LSE Shareholdings of persons discharging managerial responsibility (PDMR) / Key Management Personnel (KMP) 4 December 2024 As part of its dual listed company structure, Rio Tinto notifies dealings in Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited securities by PDMRs / KMPs to both the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Bonus Deferral Awards (“BDA”) granted under the Rio Tinto 2018 Equity Incentive Plan 50% of the annual bonuses of the participating executives are delivered as BDA in the form of deferred ordinary shares of Rio Tinto plc or Rio Tinto Limited (“shares”), as applicable. The BDA vests in December of the third year after the end of the performance year to which the annual bonus relates. On 2 December 2024, the following PDMR / KMP received their vested BDA in the form of shares, of which sufficient were sold, in accordance with standing elections, to pay applicable withholding tax and other deductions. Security Name of PDMR / KMP Conditional Awards Granted Number of shares vested* Number of shares sold Price per share sold Number of shares retained Rio Tinto plc shares Baatar, Bold 6,956 8,199 3,578 GBP 49.879758 4,621 Rio Tinto plc shares Cunningham, Peter 5,203 6,132 2,860 GBP 49.879758 3,272 Rio Tinto Limited shares Kaufman, Sinead 4,711 5,364 2,514 AUD 118.942 2,850 Rio Tinto plc shares Stausholm, Jakob 13,017 15,343 6,489 GBP 49.879758 8,854 Rio Tinto Limited shares Trott, Simon 5,494 6,255 2,931 AUD 118.942 3,324 *The number of shares vested includes additional shares calculated to reflect dividends declared during the vesting period on the original matching shares awarded, in accordance with the plan rules. FCA notifications in accordance with the EU Market Abuse Regulation have been issued to the London Stock Exchange contemporaneously with this release. LEI: 529900X2VMAQT2PE0V24 EXHIBIT 99.8

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Notice to ASX/LSE 2 / 2 Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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			EXHIBIT 99.9

Media Release

    

Rio Tinto signs new partnership agreement to study low carbon aluminium project in Finland

04 December 2024

LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Rio Tinto has entered into a partnership agreement with the Swedish investment company Vargas, Mitsubishi Corporation and other international and local industry partners to study a low carbon aluminium greenfield opportunity in Finland.

As the strategic industrial partner, Rio Tinto will provide the Arctial partnership with access to its proven industry-leading AP60 technology and assist in what would be the first AP60 deployment in an aluminium smelter outside Quebec, Canada. Developed by Rio Tinto, AP60 is amongst the most efficient aluminium smelting technologies currently available at commercial scale.

As a first step, Arctial will conduct a feasibility study and environmental impact assessment for a potential greenfield aluminium project in Kokkola, Finland.

The project, if successful, would be the first primary aluminium development in continental Europe for over 30 years. Together with Fortum, the leading carbon-free energy provider in the Nordics, the project will assess sourcing competitive low-carbon energy from existing and new production assets. Other local and industry partners include the Finnish Industry Investment (TESI) and international technology leaders.

Rio Tinto Aluminium chief executive Jérôme Pécresse said: “We aim at being a significant investor and off-taker in this partnership, which is aligned with our strategy to strengthen our global leadership in low-carbon aluminium.

“Combining our AP60 technology with electricity not based on fossil fuels presents an attractive opportunity to provide low carbon aluminium, which will boost Europe’s industrial base and support the manufacturing capabilities required for the energy transition.”

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241203885876/en/

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Contacts

Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail]

Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone]			Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone]			Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone]
Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks   M [phone]  Wei Wei Hu   M [phone]			Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone]			Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough  M [phone]
Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885			Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404

Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 1 / 6 Announcement Summary Entity name RIO TINTO LIMITED Date of this announcement Friday December 06, 2024 The +securities the subject of this notification are: Total number of +securities to be issued/transferred ASX +security code Security description Total number of +securities to be issued/transferred Issue date RIO ORDINARY FULLY PAID 41,122 02/12/2024 Refer to next page for full details of the announcement Unquoted options that have been exercised or other unquoted +convertible securities that have been converted EXHIBIT 99.10

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Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 2 / 6 Part 1 - Entity and announcement details 1.1 Name of entity RIO TINTO LIMITED We (the entity named above) give notice of the issue, conversion or payment up of the following unquoted +securities. 1.2 Registered number type ABN Registration number 96004458404 1.3 ASX issuer code RIO 1.4 The announcement is 1.5 Date of this announcement 6/12/2024 New announcement

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Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 3 / 6 Part 2 - Issue details 2.1 The +securities the subject of this notification are: 2.2b The +securities being issued, transferred or re-classified as a result of the options being exercised or other +convertible securities being converted are: securities that have already been quoted on ASX ("existing class") Unquoted options that have been exercised or other unquoted +convertible securities that have been converted

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Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 4 / 6 Part 3B - number and type of +securities the subject of this notification (existing class) where issue has not previously been notified to ASX in an Appendix 3B The right of the holder of the options or other +convertible securities to receive the +underlying securities is being satisfied by: The underlying securities being received by the holder are: Existing +securities converting into an existing class FROM (Existing Class) ASX +Security code and description RIOAL : SHARE RIGHTS TO (Existing Class) ASX +Security code and description RIO : ORDINARY FULLY PAID Please state the number of options that were exercised or other +convertible securities that were converted 41,122 The first date the options were exercised or other +convertible securities were converted 2/12/2024 The last date the options were exercised or other +convertible securities were converted 2/12/2024 Is this all of the options or other +convertible securities on issue of that type? Were the options being exercised or other +convertible securities being converted issued under an +employee incentive scheme? Are any of the options being exercised or other +convertible securities being converted held by +key management personnel (KMP) or an +associate? Provide details of the KMP or +associates who are exercising options or converting +convertible securities. Name of KMP Name of registered holder Number of +securities Sinead Kaufman Computershare Trustees (Jersey) Limited on behalf of Ms Kaufman 5,364 Simon Trott Computershare Trustees (Jersey) Limited on behalf of Mr Trott 6,255 Date the +securities the subject of this notification were issued/transferred 2/12/2024 Any other information the entity wishes to provide about the +securities the subject of this notification Yes Yes Yes Already quoted by ASX A transfer of existing +securities

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Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 5 / 6 Issue details Number of +securities 41,122

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Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities Appendix 3G - Notification of issue, conversion or payment up of unquoted equity securities 6 / 6 Part 4 - +Securities on issue Following the issue, conversion or payment up of the +securities the subject of this notification, the +securities of the entity will comprise: The figures in parts 4.1 and 4.2 below are automatically generated and may not reflect the entity's current issued capital if other Appendix 2A, Appendix 3G or Appendix 3H forms are currently with ASX for processing. 4.1 Quoted +securities (Total number of each +class of +securities issued and quoted on ASX) ASX +security code and description Total number of +securities on issue RIO : ORDINARY FULLY PAID 371,216,214 4.2 Unquoted +securities (Total number of each +class of +securities issued but not quoted on ASX) ASX +security code and description Total number of +securities on issue RIOAI : SPECIAL VOTING SHARE 1 RIOAK : DLC DIVIDEND SHARE 1 RIOAL : SHARE RIGHTS 4,211,880

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			EXHIBIT 99.11

Media Release

    

Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment report released

06 December 2024

MELBOURNE, Australia - As a member of the Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment (PMLIA) Oversight Committee, Rio Tinto today welcomed the release of the PMLIA report as a critical step forward in building understanding of the long-term legacy impacts of the former mine in Bougainville.

The independent report assesses the environmental impacts and directly connected social and human rights impacts caused by the Panguna mine since Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL) ceased operations in 1989.

Conducted by independent consultants Tetra Tech Coffey over the past two years, the entire PMLIA process was overseen by the Oversight Committee, which is made up of representatives from the Government of Papua New Guinea, Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG), landowner and community representatives, BCL, Rio Tinto and the Human Rights Law Centre (HRLC). The PMLIA involved comprehensive field studies; extensive soil, water and food sampling; hydrology and geo-morphology analysis; and in-depth household surveys and interviews with community members.

The report identifies a range of actual and potential environmental impacts, including unstable buildings and landforms, mine-related flooding and sediment movement, contamination of soil and water around some areas that were used for processing or chemical storage, and also from waste rock and tailings. The report describes how the environmental impacts are affecting or may affect the human rights of residents living in these areas.

In November, Rio Tinto, BCL and ABG signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to discuss ways forward. This group plans to address the PMLIA findings and develop a remedy mechanism consistent with UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

Ongoing and continuing efforts already underway to address issues with ageing infrastructure, and other priorities identified by the PMLIA, include a MoU signed in August by Rio Tinto, BCL and the ABG for works on four sites that pose severe and imminent risks to nearby communities. Rio Tinto is also in discussions with the ABG regarding geo-technical hazards

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identified by the PMLIA, to ensure that local communities and small-scale miners are made aware of the risks.

Rio Tinto Chief Executive, Australia, Kellie Parker said: “The Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment is the most comprehensive assessment of the environmental and associated human rights impacts from the Panguna mine since 1989, when civil war forced the cessation of operations.

"The publication of this report marks an important milestone towards understanding the long-term impacts of the Panguna mine, and we acknowledge the work of Tetra Tech Coffey, the Oversight Committee and the HRLC in helping us reach it.

“While we continue to review the report, we recognise the gravity of the impacts identified and accept the findings.

“We know this will take time, but we remain committed to working closely with stakeholders to ensure that the legacy of the Panguna mine is addressed in a fair and equitable manner for the benefit of impacted communities.

"We thank the communities within the study area for their support and contribution to the independent assessment. We are continuing to focus on active consultation and engagement with community leaders and affected stakeholders, the HRLC, BCL and the ABG to work together to develop and implement long-term solutions.”

While the nature and scope of the next phase of the PMLIA will depend on the views of all parties, Rio Tinto supports further investigation to enhance understanding of the report’s findings and options to address identified impacts.

The PMLIA report can be found here: http://tanorama.com/pangunasecretariat.html

Further information

Bougainville Copper Ltd, majority-owned by Rio Tinto, operated the Panguna Mine on Bougainville from 1972 until 1989, when operations were suspended due to an uprising against the mine and a decade-long civil war. Rio Tinto has not had access to the mine since that time.

The independent assessment of the legacy impacts of the Panguna Mine commenced in 2022.

The objective of the Panguna Mine Legacy Impact Assessment process is to identify and assess the actual and potential environmental impacts caused by the Panguna mine since mining ceased in 1989. The PMLIA also identifies and assesses the social and human rights impacts directly connected to these environmental impacts.

The independent assessment was overseen by an Oversight Committee that included representatives from local communities, the Government of Papua New Guinea, the

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Autonomous Bougainville Government, Bougainville Copper Limited, Rio Tinto and the Human Rights Law Centre.

In conjunction with the Legacy Impact Assessment and efforts to address ageing infrastructure, Rio Tinto is supporting a water and sanitation project in Central Bougainville, in cooperation with the Autonomous Bougainville Government.

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Contacts

Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail]

Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone]			Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone]			Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone]
Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks   M [phone]  Wei Wei Hu   M [phone]			Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone]			Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough  M [phone]
Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885			Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404

Notice to ASX/LSE Rio Tinto to invest $2.5 billion to expand Rincon lithium project capacity to 60,000 tonnes per year 12 December 2024 Rio Tinto has approved $2.5 billion1 to expand the Rincon project in Argentina, the company’s first commercial scale lithium operation, demonstrating its commitment to building a world-class battery materials portfolio. Rincon's capacity of 60,000 tonnes of battery grade lithium carbonate per year is comprised of the 3,000- tonne starter plant and 57,000-tonne expansion plant. Rincon’s mine life is expected to be 40 years2, with construction of the expanded plant scheduled to begin in mid-2025, subject to permitting. First production is expected in 2028 followed by a three-year ramp up to full capacity, generating significant job creation and economic opportunities for local businesses. Rio Tinto Chief Executive Jakob Stausholm said: “The attractive long-term outlook for lithium driven by the energy transition underpins our investment in Rincon. We are dedicated to developing this tier 1, world-class resource at scale at the low end of the cost curve. We are equally committed to meeting the highest ESG standards, leveraging our advanced technology to halve the amount of water used in processing, while continuing to grow our mutually beneficial partnerships with local communities and Salta province. “Building on Argentina's supportive economic policies, skilled workforce, and exceptional resources we are positioning ourselves to become one of the top lithium producers globally. This investment alongside our proposed Arcadium acquisition ensures that lithium will become one of the key pillars of our commodity portfolio for decades to come.” Located in the heart of the ‘lithium triangle’ in Argentina, the Rincon project consists of brine extraction using a production wellfield, processing and waste facilities, as well as associated infrastructure. The project uses direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology, a process that supports water conservation, reduces waste and produces lithium carbonate more consistently than other methods. Rincon is a large3, long-life asset, with Ore Reserves 60% higher than we assumed at the time of acquisition. It is expected to be in the first quartile of the cost curve, demonstrating resilience and ability to operate profitably through the cycle. This investment supports Argentina’s ongoing ambitions to become a world-leading lithium producer. Argentina's economic reforms and the new Incentive Regime for Large Investments (‘RIGI’) provide a favourable environment for investment, offering benefits such as lower tax rates, accelerated depreciation, and regulatory stability for 30 years, protecting the project from future policy changes, as well as enhanced investor protections. 1 Included in the Group’s capital expenditure guidance provided at Rio Tinto’s Investor Seminar on 4 December 2024. 2 The production target of approximately 53 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year for a period of 40 years was previously reported in a release to the ASX dated 4 December 2024 titled “Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Table 1”. Rio Tinto confirms that all material assumptions underpinning that production target continue to apply and have not materially changed. Plans are in place to build for a capacity of 60 kt of battery grade lithium carbonate per year with debottlenecking and improvement programs scheduled to unlock this additional throughput. 3 See ASX release dated 4 December 2024 titled “Rincon Project Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves: Table 1" for details of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. EXHIBIT 99.12

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Notice to ASX/LSE LEI: 529900X2VMAQT2PE0V24 Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary.

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Notice to ASX/LSE riotinto.com

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Notice to ASX/LSE Rio Tinto appoints new Chief People Officer 19 December 2024 Rio Tinto has appointed Georgie Bezette as its new Chief People Officer, succeeding James Martin, who will retire at the end of this year. Georgie, who joined the organisation in 2008, is currently Chief Operating Officer, People, responsible for the transformation of the People function in support of Rio Tinto’s ambitious cultural change journey. She will start in her new role on 1 January 2025 and be based in London. Rio Tinto Chief Executive Jakob Stausholm said: “As I have come to know Georgie, it is clear she is passionate about talent development, culture change, and creating inclusive environments that foster growth and innovation. This, combined with her operational experience, strong leadership capability and ability to make positive change a reality, will be a huge asset to the Executive Committee and to the business. “I would like to thank James Martin for his leadership through a period of significant cultural change for our organisation. He has had a huge impact at Rio Tinto, and so I am pleased that he has agreed to stay on in an advisory capacity for another year”. Georgie Bezette said: “I am delighted to be stepping up into the role of Chief People Officer as we embark on a decade of growth. The Company has made great strides to enact meaningful cultural change across the industry over the last couple of years, and I look forward to working with my colleagues across the globe to continue that important work, whilst helping the business to deliver on its wider strategy.” EXHIBIT 99.13

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Notice to ASX/LSE Contacts Please direct all enquiries to [e-mail] Media Relations, United Kingdom David Outhwaite M [phone] Media Relations, Australia Matt Chambers M [phone] Michelle Lee M [phone] Rachel Pupazzoni M [phone] Media Relations, Canada Simon Letendre M [phone] Malika Cherry M [phone] Vanessa Damha M [phone] Media Relations, US Jesse Riseborough M [phone] Investor Relations, United Kingdom David Ovington M [phone] Laura Brooks M [phone] Wei Wei Hu M [phone] Investor Relations, Australia Tom Gallop M [phone] Amar Jambaa M [phone] Rio Tinto plc 6 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4AD United Kingdom T [phone] Registered in England No. 719885 Rio Tinto Limited Level 43, 120 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 Australia T [phone] Registered in Australia ABN 96 004 458 404 This announcement is authorised for release to the market by Andy Hodges, Rio Tinto’s Group Company Secretary. riotinto.com

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