Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

Share Name	Share Symbol	Market	Type
Kadant Inc	NYSE:KAI	NYSE	Common Stock

	Price Change	% Change	Share Price	High Price	Low Price	Open Price	Shares Traded	Last Trade
	0.00	0.00%	419.01				17	12:43:46

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission file number 001-11406

KADANT INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware									52-1762325
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)									(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Technology Park Drive

Westford, Massachusetts 01886

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(978) 776-2000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $.01 par value

KAI

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 25, 2024, the registrant had 11,745,324 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

Kadant Inc.

Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 28, 2024

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I: Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 2 8 , 2024 and December 30, 2023	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three- and nine -month periods ended September 2 8 , 2024 and September 30 , 2023	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II: Other Information

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36

Item 5.	Other Information	36

Item 6.	Exhibits	37

Table of Contents

PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements

KADANT INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

(Unaudited)


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,407	$	103,832
Restricted cash	1,327		2,621
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,888 and $4,090	154,965		133,929
Inventories	169,252		152,677
Contract assets	14,534		8,366
Other current assets	41,065		38,757
Total Current Assets	469,550		440,182
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $145,901 and $132,846	174,559		140,504
Other Assets	59,915		43,609
Intangible Assets, Net (Notes 1 and 2)	292,211		159,286
Goodwill (Notes 1 and 2)	493,105		392,084
Total Assets	$	1,489,340	$	1,175,665

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term obligations (Note 6)	$	3,263	$	3,209
Accounts payable	50,536		42,104
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	43,250		41,855
Customer deposits	46,208		62,641
Advanced billings	9,548		12,194
Other current liabilities	52,422		52,406
Total Current Liabilities	205,227		214,409
Long-Term Obligations (Note 6)	323,169		107,666
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes	41,397		36,398
Other Long-Term Liabilities	56,761		40,952

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)

Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	—		—
Common stock, $.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 14,624,159 shares issued	146		146
Capital in excess of par value	127,486		124,940
Retained earnings	839,422		763,131
Treasury stock at cost, 2,878,835 and 2,915,978 shares	(70,543)		(71,453)
Accumulated other comprehensive items (Note 8)	(44,778)		(43,062)
Total Kadant Stockholders' Equity	851,733		773,702
Noncontrolling interests (Note 2)	11,053		2,538
Total Stockholders' Equity	862,786		776,240
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	1,489,340	$	1,175,665

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

KADANT INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue (Notes 1 and 11)	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

Costs and Operating Expenses:
Cost of revenue	150,175		138,456		441,066		404,671
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	69,043		57,889		209,352		176,441
Research and development expenses	3,409		3,324		10,621		10,102
Other costs (Note 3)	—		969		—		1,043
	222,627		200,638		661,039		592,257
Operating Income	48,987		43,544		134,315		126,736
Interest Income	407		438		1,386		1,053
Interest Expense	(5,516)		(2,107)		(15,386)		(6,722)
Other Expense, Net	(16)		(20)		(48)		(62)
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes	43,862		41,855		120,267		121,005
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 5)	11,964		10,816		31,810		31,761
Net Income	31,898		31,039		88,457		89,244
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(312)		(175)		(891)		(571)
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	31,586	$	30,864	$	87,566	$	88,673

Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant (Note 4)
Basic	$	2.69	$	2.64	$	7.46	$	7.58
Diluted	$	2.68	$	2.63	$	7.44	$	7.57

Weighted Average Shares (Note 4)
Basic	11,745		11,706		11,737		11,697
Diluted	11,780		11,740		11,763		11,719

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

KADANT INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Net Income	$	31,898	$	31,039	$	88,457	$	89,244
Other Comprehensive Items:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	13,643		(9,104)		(1,781)		(3,931)
Post-retirement liability adjustments, net (net of tax of $2, $1, $3 and $(2))	4		5		7		(3)
Deferred (loss) gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $—, $(3), $13 and $(35))	—		(9)		38		(107)
Other comprehensive items	13,647		(9,108)		(1,736)		(4,041)
Comprehensive Income	45,545		21,931		86,721		85,203
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(378)		(111)		(871)		(543)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kadant	$	45,167	$	21,820	$	85,850	$	84,660

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

KADANT INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Operating Activities
Net income attributable to Kadant	$	87,566	$	88,673
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	891		571

Net income	88,457		89,244
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	36,505		24,917
Stock-based compensation expense	7,926		7,243
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	893		543

Other items, net	2,834		1,803
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(10,409)		(10,676)
Contract assets	(4,180)		2,465
Inventories	10,196		(1,461)
Other assets	(512)		667
Accounts payable	8,695		(12,913)
Customer deposits	(21,556)		(1,463)
Other liabilities	(15,474)		5,942


Net cash provided by operating activities	103,375		106,311

Investing Activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 2)	(302,024)		277
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	(15,430)		(22,094)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment	1,320		535

Other investing activities	263		1,222
Net cash used in investing activities	(315,871)		(20,060)

Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term obligations (Note 6)	305,211		—
Repayment of short- and long-term obligations	(91,378)		(71,868)
Tax withholding payments related to stock-based compensation	(5,881)		(3,915)
Dividends paid	(10,914)		(9,825)
Proceeds from issuance of Company common stock	1,605		—
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interest	(1,346)		—
Acquisition of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest (Note 2)	(523)		—
Other financing activities	—		(63)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	196,774		(85,671)

Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	(997)		(1,252)

Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	(16,719)		(672)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period	106,453		79,725
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	89,734	$	79,053

See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,

under the heading Supplemental Cash Flow Information for further details.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

KADANT INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 28, 2024
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at June 29, 2024	14,624,159	$	146	$	124,892	$	811,595	2,879,638	$	(70,563)	$	(58,359)	$	10,675	$	818,386
Net income	—	—		—		31,586		—	—		—		312		31,898
Dividend declared – Common Stock, $0.32 per share	—	—		—		(3,759)		—	—		—		—		(3,759)
Activity under stock plans	—	—		2,594		—		(803)	20		—		—		2,614



Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		—	—		13,581		66		13,647
Balance at September 28, 2024	14,624,159	$	146	$	127,486	$	839,422	2,878,835	$	(70,543)	$	(44,778)	$	11,053	$	862,786

	Nine Months Ended September 28, 2024
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at December 30, 2023	14,624,159	$	146	$	124,940	$	763,131	2,915,978	$	(71,453)	$	(43,062)	$	2,538	$	776,240
Net income	—	—		—		87,566		—	—		—		891		88,457
Dividends declared – Common Stock, $0.96 per share	—	—		—		(11,275)		—	—		—		—		(11,275)
Activity under stock plans	—	—		2,740		—		(37,143)	910		—		—		3,650
Noncontrolling interests acquired (Note 2)	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		9,319		9,319
Acquisition of subsidiary shares (Note 2)	—	—		(194)		—		—	—		—		(329)		(523)
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(1,346)		(1,346)
Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		—	—		(1,716)		(20)		(1,736)
Balance at September 28, 2024	14,624,159	$	146	$	127,486	$	839,422	2,878,835	$	(70,543)	$	(44,778)	$	11,053	$	862,786


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at July 1, 2023	14,624,159	$	146	$	120,117	$	711,664	2,918,261	$	(71,509)	$	(49,547)	$	2,154	$	713,025
Net income	—	—		—		30,864		—	—		—		175		31,039
Dividend declared – Common Stock, $0.29 per share	—	—		—		(3,395)		—	—		—		—		(3,395)
Activity under stock plans	—	—		2,327		—		(1,198)	29		—		—		2,356



Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		—	—		(9,044)		(64)		(9,108)
Balance at September 30, 2023	14,624,159	$	146	$	122,444	$	739,133	2,917,063	$	(71,480)	$	(58,591)	$	2,265	$	733,917

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	14,624,159	$	146	$	119,924	$	660,644	2,949,997	$	(72,287)	$	(54,578)	$	1,722	$	655,571
Net income	—	—		—		88,673		—	—		—		571		89,244
Dividends declared – Common Stock, $0.87 per share	—	—		—		(10,184)		—	—		—		—		(10,184)
Activity under stock plans	—	—		2,520		—		(32,934)	807		—		—		3,327



Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		—	—		(4,013)		(28)		(4,041)
Balance at September 30, 2023	14,624,159	$	146	$	122,444	$	739,133	2,917,063	$	(71,480)	$	(58,591)	$	2,265	$	733,917

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Kadant Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "KAI."

Kadant Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the Company) is a global supplier of technologies and engineered systems that drive Sustainable Industrial Processing®. Its products and services play an integral role in enhancing efficiency, optimizing energy utilization, and maximizing productivity in process industries while helping customers advance their sustainability initiatives with products that reduce waste or generate more yield with fewer inputs, particularly fiber, energy, and water. Producing more while consuming less is a core aspect of Sustainable Industrial Processing and a major element of the strategic focus of the Company's three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling.

Interim Financial Statements

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes presented have been prepared by the Company, are unaudited, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position at September 28, 2024, its results of operations, comprehensive income, and stockholders' equity for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, and its cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or for any other interim period.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 30, 2023 has been derived from the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Annual Report). The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the annual consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Annual Report.

Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements or in the application of accounting policies, if business conditions were different, or if the Company were to use different estimates and assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report describes the significant accounting estimates and policies used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 28, 2024.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash Paid for Interest	$	15,034	$	6,341
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	33,288	$	34,037

Non-Cash Investing Activities (Note 2):
Fair value of assets acquired (adjusted)	$	360,021	$	(270)
Fair value of liabilities assumed	$	35,575	$	7
Fair value of noncontrolling interest acquired	$	9,319	$	—
Fair value of contingent consideration	$	1,785	$	—
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable	$	590	$	749

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Company common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$	5,364	$	4,951
Dividends declared but unpaid	$	3,759	$	3,395

Restricted Cash

The Company's restricted cash generally serves as collateral for bank guarantees associated with providing assurance to customers that the Company will fulfill certain customer obligations entered into in the normal course of business and for certain banker's acceptance drafts issued to vendors. The majority of these restrictions will expire over the next twelve months.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet that are shown in aggregate in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of cash flows:


(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		December 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,407	$	76,793	$	103,832	$	76,371
Restricted cash	1,327		2,260		2,621		3,354
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$	89,734	$	79,053	$	106,453	$	79,725

Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Raw Materials	$	69,672	$	66,738
Work in Process	37,767		32,147
Finished Goods (includes $804 and $5,182 at customer locations)	61,813		53,792
	$	169,252	$	152,677

Intangible Assets, Net

Acquired intangible assets by major asset class are as follows:


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
September 28, 2024
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	333,966	$	(122,730)	$	(5,558)	$	205,678
Product technology	92,535		(47,816)		(2,157)		42,562
Tradenames	16,579		(4,860)		(380)		11,339
Other	24,721		(20,129)		(571)		4,021
	467,801		(195,535)		(8,666)		263,600
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(448)		28,611
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	496,860	$	(195,535)	$	(9,114)	$	292,211

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
December 30, 2023
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	218,959	$	(108,519)	$	(5,562)	$	104,878
Product technology	67,576		(43,786)		(2,367)		21,423
Tradenames	7,039		(4,262)		(388)		2,389
Other	20,320		(17,715)		(604)		2,001
	313,894		(174,282)		(8,921)		130,691
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(464)		28,595
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	342,953	$	(174,282)	$	(9,385)	$	159,286

Intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Subsequent impairment charges are reflected as a reduction in the gross balance, as applicable. Definite-lived intangible assets are stated net of accumulated amortization and currency translation in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company amortizes definite-lived intangible assets over lives that have been determined based on the anticipated cash flow benefits of the intangible asset. Intangible assets recorded in connection with the Company's 2024 acquisitions totaled $153,895,000. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details.

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows:


(In thousands)	Flow Control		Industrial Processing		Material Handling		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023
Gross balance	$	120,782	$	212,732	$	144,108	$	477,622
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	120,782		127,194		144,108		392,084
2024 Activity
Acquisitions (Note 2)	16,018		36,405		47,808		100,231
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	—		(22)		—		(22)
Currency translation	767		(680)		725		812
Total 2024 activity	16,785		35,703		48,533		101,021
Balance at September 28, 2024
Gross balance	137,567		248,435		192,641		578,643
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	$	137,567	$	162,897	$	192,641	$	493,105

Warranty Obligations

The Company's contracts covering the sale of its products include warranty provisions that provide assurance to its customers that the products will comply with agreed-upon specifications during a defined period of time. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time of sale based on historical occurrence rates and repair costs, as well as knowledge of any specific warranty problems that indicate projected warranty costs may vary from historical patterns. The Company negotiates the terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and applications.

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company's liability for warranties is included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The changes in the carrying amount of product warranty obligations are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Balance at Beginning of Year	$	8,154	$	7,283
Provision charged to expense	4,463		4,879
Usage	(2,972)		(3,391)
Acquisitions	473		—
Currency translation	37		(90)
Balance at End of Period	$	10,155	$	8,681

Revenue Recognition

Most of the Company’s revenue relates to products and services that require minimal customization and is recognized at a point in time for each performance obligation under the contract when the customer obtains control of the goods or service. The remaining portion of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time based on an input method that compares the costs incurred to date to the total expected costs required to satisfy the performance obligation. Contracts are accounted for on an over time basis when they include products which have no alternative use and an enforceable right to payment over time. Most of the contracts recognized on an over time basis are for large capital equipment projects. These projects are highly customized for the customer and, as a result, would include a significant cost to rework in the event of cancellation.

The following table presents revenue by revenue recognition method:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Point in Time	$	238,971	$	216,956	$	701,199	$	643,430
Over Time	32,643		27,226		94,155		75,563
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reportable operating segment, product type and geography as this best depicts how its revenue is affected by economic factors.

The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue by product type and geography:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue by Product Type:
Parts and consumables	$	176,961	$	149,564	$	520,836	$	454,209
Capital	94,653		94,618		274,518		264,784
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993
Revenue by Geography (based on customer location):
North America	$	172,186	$	133,780	501,220		401,618
Europe	57,309		66,491		176,289		181,273
Asia	26,724		27,393		74,248		88,030
Rest of world	15,395		16,518		43,597		48,072
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

See Note 11, Business Segment Information, for information on the disaggregation of revenue by reportable operating segment.

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents contract balances from contracts with customers:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Contract Assets	$	14,534	$	8,366
Contract Liabilities	$	58,324	$	79,397

Contract assets represent unbilled revenue associated with revenue recognized on contracts accounted for on an over time basis, which will be billed in future periods based on the contract terms. Contract liabilities consist of short- and long-term customer deposits, advanced billings, and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is included in other current liabilities, and long-term customer deposits are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue in future periods once the revenue recognition criteria are met. The majority of the contract liabilities relate to advance payments on contracts accounted for at a point in time. These advance payments will be recognized as revenue when the Company's performance obligations have been satisfied, which typically occurs when the product has shipped and control of the asset has transferred to the customer.

The Company recognized revenue of $8,897,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $9,613,000 in the third quarter of 2023, and $66,036,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and $56,841,000 in the first nine months of 2023 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The majority of the Company's contracts for capital equipment have an original expected duration of one year or less. Certain capital equipment contracts require longer lead times and could take up to 24 months to complete. For contracts with an original expected duration of over one year, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations was $25,268,000 as of September 28, 2024. The Company will recognize revenue for these performance obligations as they are satisfied, approximately 56% of which is expected to occur within the next twelve months and the remaining 44% thereafter.

Banker's Acceptance Drafts Included in Accounts Receivable

The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may sell the drafts at a discount to a third-party financial institution or transfer the drafts to vendors in settlement of current accounts payable prior to the scheduled maturity date. These drafts, which totaled $6,707,000 at September 28, 2024 and $10,826,000 at December 30, 2023, are included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet until the subsidiary sells the drafts to a bank and receives a discounted amount, transfers the banker's acceptance drafts in settlement of current accounts payable prior to maturity, or obtains cash payment on the scheduled maturity date.

Income Taxes

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), the Company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which these differences are expected to reverse. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the period in which it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.

It is the Company's policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management's assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. At September 28, 2024, the Company believes that it has appropriately accounted for any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established, the statute of limitations expires for a tax jurisdiction year, or the Company is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, its effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released model rules introducing a new 15% global minimum tax for large multinational enterprises with an annual global revenue exceeding 750,000,000 euros (Pillar Two Rules). Since the release of the Pillar Two Rules, the OECD has issued four tranches of administrative guidance, as well as guidance on transitional safe harbor relief. Various countries, including the member states of the European Union, have adopted the Pillar Two Rules into their domestic laws, with certain rules coming into effect for fiscal years beginning in 2024. Some countries are in the process of drafting legislation for adoption in future years. While the Pillar Two Rules serve as a framework for implementing the minimum tax, countries may enact domestic laws that vary slightly from

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

the Pillar Two Rules and may also adjust domestic tax incentives to align with the Pillar Two Rules on different timelines. The Company continues to monitor developments of the Pillar Two Rules and evaluate the potential impact they may have on the jurisdictions in which it operates, including eligibility to qualify for transitional safe harbor relief. The Company does not expect the Pillar Two Rules to have a material impact on its effective tax rate or consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 28, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Segment Reporting - Improving Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. Under this ASU, a company is required to enhance its segment disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. This ASU also requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods. This ASU is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 28, 2024, and interim periods beginning in fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. This ASU will result in the Company including the additional disclosures in its consolidated financial statements when adopted.

Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, to improve income tax disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Acquisitions

The Company’s acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the results of the acquired businesses are included in its condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Historically, acquisitions have been made at prices above the fair value of identifiable net assets, resulting in goodwill. Acquisition costs were $469,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $2,533,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024 and are included in selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income. The Company expects several synergies in connection with the acquisitions described below, including expansion of product sales into new markets by leveraging its global sales network and relationships, broadening its product portfolio, and strengthening its position in each segment's markets. The Company funded the acquisitions primarily through borrowings under its revolving credit facility.

Key Knife, Inc.

On January 1, 2024, the Company acquired Key Knife Inc. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, Key Knife) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement dated December 22, 2023, for $153,386,000, net of cash acquired. Key Knife is a global supplier of engineered knife systems for custom chipping, planing, and flaking solutions for wood products industries, with revenue of approximately $65,000,000 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of the Company's Industrial Processing segment. Goodwill from the Key Knife acquisition was $36,203,000, of which $29,479,000 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. In addition, separately identifiable intangible assets acquired were $91,620,000, of which $77,400,000 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.

As part of the acquisition, the Company acquired a 45% interest in two of Key Knife's subsidiaries, increasing its noncontrolling interest liability by $9,319,000 based on the income valuation approach. Under a put and purchase option as outlined in the securities purchase agreement, the seller can demand the Company purchase, or the Company can demand that the seller sell to the Company, the remaining interest in these subsidiaries at any time after December 31, 2027. The purchase price would be based on a total enterprise value as defined in the original purchase agreement. See Other Acquisitions below for additional information.

KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd.

On January 24, 2024, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (KWS) for $81,247,000, subject to a post-closing adjustment. The Company paid $81,009,000 at closing and assumed a $238,000 bank overdraft. KWS is a leading manufacturer of conveying equipment for the bulk material handling industry, with revenue of approximately $45,000,000 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of the Company's Material

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Handling segment. Goodwill from the KWS acquisition was $38,207,000 and separately identifiable intangibles assets were $28,500,000, both of which are expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.

Dynamic Sealing Technologies LLC

On May 31, 2024, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of Dynamic Sealing Technologies LLC and affiliates (collectively, DSTI) for $53,661,000, net of cash acquired and subject to a post-closing adjustment. DSTI is a leading manufacturer of engineered fluid sealing and transfer solutions for rotating applications, with revenue of approximately $25,000,000 for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, and is part of the Company's Flow Control segment. Goodwill from the DSTI acquisition was $15,580,000, of which $15,251,000 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. In addition, separately identifiable intangible assets acquired were $24,290,000, all of which are expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.

Other Acquisitions

On May 2, 2024, the Company acquired a service business in Germany, which is included in the Company's Material Handling segment, for $3,352,000, net of cash acquired and subject to a post-closing adjustment.

On May 6, 2024, the Company acquired the remaining outstanding shares of a Key Knife subsidiary in which the Company previously held a noncontrolling interest for $523,000 in cash.

On August 21, 2024, the Company acquired a technology company as part of its Material Handling segment. The total purchase price was approximately $11,829,000, which included cash paid at closing of $8,623,000 net of cash acquired, an estimated post-closing adjustment of $1,421,000 to be paid within 18 months of closing, and contingent consideration with a fair value of $1,785,000. The contingent consideration is payable upon the achievement of certain revenue performance targets earned between June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2027. The maximum future value of the contingent consideration subject to payment is approximately $12,068,000, calculated using the foreign currency spot rate at September 28, 2024. The valuation of the contingent consideration is dependent on the following assumptions: the probability of successful achievement of certain revenue targets, forecasted revenue, revenue volatility, and discount rate. These assumptions were estimated based on a review of historical and projected results. See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for additional information related to the fair value of the contingent consideration assumed in the acquisition.

In August 2024, the Company acquired certain other assets for a total of $1,755,000 in cash.

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the aggregate purchase price and estimated fair values of the net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired related to the 2024 acquisitions:


(In thousands)	Total
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	11,509
Accounts Receivable	12,143
Inventories	27,461
Other Current Assets	3,472
Property, Plant, and Equipment	37,061
Other Assets	14,249
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Customer relationships	114,995
Product technology	24,959
Tradenames	9,540
Other	4,401
Goodwill	100,231
Total assets acquired	360,021

Accounts Payable	3,316
Customer Deposits	3,275
Other Current Liabilities	9,895
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes	5,455
Other Long-Term Liabilities	13,634
Total liabilities assumed	35,575
Noncontrolling interests acquired	9,319
Net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired	$	315,127

Purchase Price:
Cash Paid	$	313,533
Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Note 10)	1,785
Estimated Remaining Post-closing Adjustments, Net	(191)
	$	315,127

The final purchase accounting and purchase price allocations remain subject to change as the Company continues to refine its preliminary valuation of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed, which may result in adjustments to the assets and liabilities, including goodwill. The Company expects purchase price allocation adjustments will relate to the valuation of acquired intangibles, inventory, and deferred income taxes primarily associated with its acquisitions made in the second and third quarters of 2024. Measurement period adjustments were not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024.

The weighted-average amortization period for the definite-lived intangible assets related to the 2024 acquisitions is 17 years, including weighted-average amortization periods of 18 years for customer relationships, 12 years for product technology, and 20 years for tradenames.

Revenue and operating income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 associated with the 2024 acquisitions from their respective acquisition dates, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Three Months Ended September 28, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 28, 2024
Revenue	$	30,477	$	82,075
Operating Income (a)	$	1,651	$	4,258

(a) Includes amortization expense associated with acquired profit in inventory and backlog of $1,892,000 in the three months ended September 28, 2024 and $6,246,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024.

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Information

Had the Key Knife, KWS, and DSTI acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of 2023, the Company’s pro forma results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023 would have been as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023

Revenue	$	271,614	$	278,202	$	806,946	$	821,052
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	33,497	$	28,973	$	92,264	$	80,131
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant
Basic	$	2.85	$	2.48	$	7.86	$	6.85
Diluted	$	2.84	$	2.47	$	7.84	$	6.84

The historical consolidated pro forma financial information of the Company, Key Knife, KWS, and DSTI above has been adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are (i) directly attributable to the acquisitions and related financing arrangements, (ii) expected to have a continuing impact on the Company, and (iii) factually supportable.

Pro forma results include the following non-recurring pro forma adjustments:

•Pre-tax charge to cost of revenue of $1,181,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $4,745,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and reversal of $1,181,000 in the three months ended September 28, 2024 and $4,041,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024 for the sale of inventory revalued at the date of acquisition.

•Pre-tax charge to SG&A expenses of $412,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and $2,535,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and reversal of $680,000 in the three months ended September 28, 2024 and $1,855,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024 for intangible asset amortization related to acquired backlog.

•Pre-tax charge to SG&A expenses of $2,533,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and reversal of $469,000 in the three months ended September 28, 2024 and $2,533,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024 for acquisition costs.

•Estimated tax effects related to the pro forma adjustments.

These pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred as of the beginning of 2023, or that may result in the future.

The Company's pro forma results of operations exclude its other acquisitions in 2024 as the inclusion of its results would not have been materially different from the pro forma results presented above.

3. Other Costs

Relocation Costs

The Company incurred costs of $535,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and $609,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 within its Industrial Processing segment related to the write-down of certain fixed assets that were not moved to a new manufacturing facility in China and facility moving costs.

Restructuring and Impairment Costs

The Company initiated a restructuring plan within its Flow Control segment in the third quarter of 2023 to consolidate a small manufacturing operation into a larger facility in Germany. As part of this restructuring plan, the Company incurred restructuring and impairment costs totaling $434,000 in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023, including severance costs of $369,000 for the termination of 10 employees, asset write-downs of $36,000, and facility and other closure costs of $29,000.

The Company also incurred restructuring costs within its Flow Control segment of $366,000 in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to the termination of a contract at one of its operations in Germany.

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KADANT INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet is as follows:


(In thousands)	Severance Costs		Contract Termination Costs		Total

2023 Restructuring Plan
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	201	$	313	$	514

Usage	(195)		(303)		(498)
Currency translation	(6)		(10)		(16)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	—	$	—	$	—

4. Earnings per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) were calculated as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	31,586	$	30,864	$	87,566	$	88,673

Basic Weighted Average Shares	11,745		11,706		11,737		11,697
Effect of Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares	35		34		26		22
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	11,780		11,740		11,763		11,719

Basic Earnings per Share	$	2.69	$	2.64	$	7.46	$	7.58

Diluted Earnings per Share	$	2.68	$	2.63	$	7.44	$	7.57

The effect of outstanding and unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) of the Company’s common stock totaling 5,000 shares in the third quarter of 2024, 5,000 shares in the third quarter of 2023, 21,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and 23,000 in the first nine months of 2023 were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the respective periods as the effect would have been antidilutive or, for unvested performance-based RSUs, the performance conditions had not been met as of the end of the respective reporting periods.

5. Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $31,810,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and $31,761,000 in the first nine months of 2023.

The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2024 was higher than the Company’s statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of the Company’s worldwide earnings, nondeductible expenses, state taxes, and the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. These items were offset in part by foreign tax credits.

The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2023 was higher than the Company's statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of the Company's worldwide earnings, state taxes, and nondeductible expenses.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

6. Long-Term Obligations

Long-term obligations are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027	$	314,467	$	98,761
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028	8,330		8,330
Finance Leases, due 2024 to 2029	1,931		1,789
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028	1,704		1,995
Total	326,432		110,875
Less: Current Maturities of Long-Term Obligations	(3,263)		(3,209)
Long-Term Obligations	$	323,169	$	107,666

See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value information related to the Company's long-term obligations.

Revolving Credit Facility

The Company's unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility, originally entered into on March 1, 2017 (as amended and restated to date, the Credit Agreement) matures on November 30, 2027 and has a borrowing capacity of $400,000,000, in addition to an uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility of $200,000,000. Interest on borrowings outstanding accrues and is payable in arrears calculated at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (i) the Base Rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1.25%, or (ii) Eurocurrency Rate, Term SOFR (plus a 10 basis point credit spread adjustment), Term CORRA, and RFR, as applicable and defined, plus an applicable margin of 1.0% to 2.25%. The margin is determined based upon the ratio of the Company's total debt, net of unrestricted cash up to $50,000,000, to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization as defined in the Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee payable in arrears on the available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement, which ranges from 0.125% to 0.350%.

Obligations under the Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default under such financing arrangements, may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.75 to 1.00, or, if the Company elects, for the quarter during which a material acquisition occurs and for the three fiscal quarters thereafter, 4.25 to 1.00, and limitations on making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases).

Loans under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company.

During the first nine months of 2024, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $305,211,000 under the Credit Agreement, which was primarily used to fund the Company's 2024 acquisitions. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details.

As of September 28, 2024, the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was $314,467,000, which included $76,467,000 of euro-denominated borrowings. The Company had $85,321,000 of borrowing capacity available as of September 28, 2024, which was calculated by translating its foreign-denominated borrowings using the administrative agent's borrowing date foreign exchange rates, in addition to the $200,000,000 uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility.

The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was 5.82% as of September 28, 2024 and 5.24% as of year-end 2023.

Senior Promissory Notes

In 2018, the Company entered into an uncommitted, unsecured Multi-Currency Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (Note Purchase Agreement). Simultaneous with the execution of the Note Purchase Agreement, the Company issued senior promissory notes (Initial Notes) in an aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000, with a per annum interest rate of 4.90% payable semiannually, and a maturity date of December 14, 2028. The Company is required to prepay a portion of the principal of the Initial Notes beginning on December 14, 2023 and each year thereafter, and may optionally prepay the principal on the Initial Notes, together with any prepayment premium, at any time in accordance with the Note Purchase Agreement. The obligations of the Initial Notes may be accelerated upon an event of default as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement, which includes customary events of default under such financing arrangements.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Initial Notes are pari passu with the Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreement, and any other senior debt of the Company, subject to certain specified exceptions, and participate in a sharing agreement with respect to the obligations of the Company and its subsidiaries under the Credit Agreement. The Initial Notes are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries.

Debt Compliance

As of September 28, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants related to its debt obligations.

7. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2,627,000 in the third quarter of 2024, $2,357,000 in the third quarter of 2023, $7,926,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and $7,243,000 in the first nine months of 2023 within SG&A expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date price of the Company's common stock, reduced by the present value of estimated dividends foregone during the requisite service period. For time-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value, and net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur. For performance-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award based on the grant date fair value, net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur, and remeasured each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known. Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation totaled approximately $11,319,000 at September 28, 2024, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Non-Employee Director RSUs

On May 15, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 3,030 RSUs to its non-employee directors with an aggregate grant date fair value of $849,000, of which 50% vested on June 1, 2024, 25% vested on September 28, 2024 and the remaining 25% will vest on the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 subject to continued service as a director on the vesting date.

Performance-based RSUs

On March 6, 2024, the Company granted performance-based RSUs to certain of its officers, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 18,643 shares (target RSU amount), with an aggregate grant date fair value of $5,917,000. The RSUs are subject to adjustment based on the achievement of the performance measure selected for the fiscal year, which is a specified target for adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (target adjusted EBITDA) generated from operations for the fiscal year. The RSUs are adjusted by comparing the actual adjusted EBITDA for the performance period to the target adjusted EBITDA. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 50% and 100% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment of 50% to 100% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 100% and 115% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment using a straight-line linear scale between 100% and 150% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA in excess of 115% results in an adjustment capped at 150% of the target RSU amount. If actual adjusted EBITDA is below 50% of the target adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 fiscal year, these performance-based RSUs will be forfeited. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the probable number of performance-based RSUs expected to vest. Following the adjustment, the performance-based RSUs will be subject to additional time-based vesting, and will vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.

Time-based RSUs

On March 6, 2024, the Company granted time-based RSUs representing 14,109 shares to certain of its officers and employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $4,461,000. These time-based RSUs vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that a recipient is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items

Comprehensive income combines net income and other comprehensive items, which represent certain amounts that are reported as components of stockholders' equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive items (AOCI), net of tax, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments		Deferred Loss on Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	(43,013)	$	(11)	$	(38)	$	(43,062)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications	(1,761)		1		—		(1,760)
Reclassifications from AOCI	—		6		38		44
Net current period other comprehensive items	(1,761)		7		38		(1,716)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	(44,774)	$	(4)	$	—	$	(44,778)

9. Derivatives

The Company uses forward currency-exchange contracts that generally have maturities of twelve months or less to hedge exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the Company's subsidiaries.

Forward currency-exchange contracts that hedge forecasted accounts receivable or accounts payable are designated as cash flow hedges and unrecognized gains and losses are recorded to AOCI, net of tax. Deferred gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income in the period in which the underlying transaction occurs. The fair values of forward currency-exchange contracts that are designated as fair value hedges and forward currency-exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges are recognized currently in earnings. Gains and losses reported within SG&A expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income associated with the Company's forward currency-exchange contracts that were not designated as hedges were not material for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet:


		September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount (b)		Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in a Liability Position:
Forward currency-exchange contract	Other Current Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	(51)	$	430

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in an Asset Position:
Forward currency-exchange contracts	Other Current Assets	$	28	$	839	$	8	$	701

(a) See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.

(b) The 2024 notional amounts are indicative of the level of the Company's recurring derivative activity.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the activity in AOCI associated with the Company's foreign currency exchange contract designated as a cash flow hedge as of and for the nine months ended September 28, 2024:


(In thousands)	Total
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at December 30, 2023	$	(38)

Loss recognized in AOCI	38
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at September 28, 2024	$	—

10. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurement is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company's own assumptions.

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Fair Value as of September 28, 2024
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	15,071	$	—	$	—	$	15,071
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	6,707	$	—	$	6,707
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Liabilities:


Contingent consideration (Note 2 ) (b)	$	—	$	—	$	1,862	$	1,862


	Fair Value as of December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	14,795	$	—	$	—	$	14,795
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	10,826	$	—	$	10,826
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8
Liabilities:
Forward currency-exchange contract	$	—	$	51	$	—	$	51

(a)Included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(b)Included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial assets and liabilities, and there were no changes in valuation techniques during the first nine months of 2024. Banker's acceptance drafts are carried at face value, which approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of the negotiable instrument. The fair values of the forward currency-exchange contracts are based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. The forward currency-exchange contracts are hedges of either recorded assets or liabilities or anticipated transactions and represent the estimated amount the Company would receive or pay upon liquidation of the contracts. Changes in values of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions are not reflected in the table above.

The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration through valuation models that incorporate probability adjusted assumptions and simulations related to the achievement of milestones and the likelihood of making the related payment. The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements include the probability of successful achievement of certain revenue targets, forecasted revenue, revenue volatility, and discount rates. Projected contingent

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

consideration related to revenue-based payments are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow model. Changes to the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes to one or multiple inputs, including the discount rate, projected revenue, revenue volatility, and the assumed probabilities of successful achievement of certain revenue targets.

The following table provides a rollforward of the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration as determined by level 3 inputs:


(In thousands)	Total
Balance Measured at Inception (Note 2 )	$	1,785


Currency translation	77
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	1,862

The carrying value and fair value of debt obligations, excluding lease obligations, are as follows:


	September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt Obligations:
Revolving credit facility	$	314,467	$	314,467	$	98,761	$	98,761
Senior promissory notes	8,330		8,370		8,330		8,182
Other	1,704		1,704		1,995		1,995
	$	324,501	$	324,541	$	109,086	$	108,938

The carrying value of the Company's revolving credit facility approximates the fair value as the obligation bears variable rates of interest, which adjust frequently, based on prevailing market rates. The fair value of the senior promissory notes is primarily calculated based on quoted market rates plus an applicable margin available to the Company at the respective period end, which represent Level 2 measurements.

11. Business Segment Information

The Company has three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling. The Flow Control segment consists of the fluid-handling and doctoring, cleaning, & filtration product lines; the Industrial Processing segment consists of the wood processing and stock-preparation product lines; and the Material Handling segment consists of the conveying and vibratory, baling, and fiber-based product lines.

A description of each segment follows:

•Flow Control – Custom-engineered products, systems, and technologies that control the flow of fluids used in industrial and commercial applications to keep critical processes running efficiently in the packaging, tissue, food, metals, energy, and other industrial sectors. The Company's primary products include rotary sealing devices, steam systems, expansion joints, doctor systems, roll and fabric cleaning devices, and filtration and fiber recovery systems.

•Industrial Processing – Equipment, machinery, and technologies used to process recycled paper and timber for the packaging, tissue, wood products and alternative fuel industries, among others. The Company's primary products include stock-preparation systems and recycling equipment, chemical pulping equipment, debarkers, stranders, chippers and custom engineered knife systems. In addition, the Company provides industrial automation and digitization solutions to process industries.

•Material Handling – Products and engineered systems used to handle bulk and discrete materials for secondary processing or transport in the aggregates, mining, food, and waste management industries, among others. The Company's primary products include conveying and vibratory equipment and balers. In addition, the Company manufactures and sells biodegradable, absorbent granules used as carriers in agricultural applications and for oil and grease absorption.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following tables present financial information for the Company's reportable operating segments and include the results from the 2024 acquisitions from the date of acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Flow Control	$	97,521	$	90,798	$	276,493	$	276,048
Industrial Processing	110,696		94,220		331,310		267,729
Material Handling	63,397		59,164		187,551		175,216
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Flow Control (a)	$	24,281	$	24,246	$	69,521	$	74,256
Industrial Processing (b)	25,969		19,023		70,060		51,968
Material Handling (c)	8,793		10,345		25,522		30,006
Corporate (d)	(10,056)		(10,070)		(30,788)		(29,494)
Total operating income	48,987		43,544		134,315		126,736
Interest expense, net (e)	(5,109)		(1,669)		(14,000)		(5,669)
Other expense, net	(16)		(20)		(48)		(62)
	$	43,862	$	41,855	$	120,267	$	121,005

Capital Expenditures
Flow Control	$	1,894	$	1,195	$	5,729	$	3,889
Industrial Processing	1,209		7,299		5,943		16,007
Material Handling	1,074		350		3,737		2,170
Corporate	8		4		21		28
	$	4,185	$	8,848	$	15,430	$	22,094


	September 28,		December 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Total Assets
Flow Control	$	456,173	$	391,719
Industrial Processing	591,740		443,189
Material Handling	429,204		326,226
Corporate	12,223		14,531
	$	1,489,340	$	1,175,665

(a)Includes acquisition-related costs of $1,428,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $2,482,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024. Acquisition-related expenses include acquisition costs and amortization expense associated with acquired profit in inventory and backlog. Includes restructuring and impairment costs of $434,000 in both the third quarter and the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

(b)Includes acquisition-related costs of $631,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $2,904,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024. Includes relocation costs of $535,000 in the third quarter of 2023 and $609,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

(c)Includes acquisition-related costs of $302,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $3,393,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024.

(d)Represents general and administrative expenses.

(e)The Company does not allocate interest expense, net to its segments.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Right of Recourse

In the ordinary course of business, the Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may use these banker's acceptance drafts prior to the scheduled maturity date to settle outstanding accounts payable with vendors. Banker's acceptance drafts transferred to vendors are subject to customary right of recourse provisions prior to their scheduled maturity dates. The Company had $10,476,000 at September 28, 2024 and $9,090,000 at December 30, 2023 of banker's acceptance drafts subject to recourse, which were transferred to vendors and had not reached their scheduled maturity dates. Historically, the banker's acceptance drafts have settled upon maturity without any claim of recourse against the Company.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation may include, but is not limited to, claims and counterclaims by and against the Company for breach of contract or warranty, canceled contracts, product liability, or bankruptcy-related claims. For legal proceedings in which a loss is probable and estimable, the Company accrues a loss based on the low end of the range of estimated loss when there is no better estimate within the range. If the Company were found to be liable for any of the claims or counterclaims against it, the Company would incur a charge against earnings for amounts in excess of legal accruals.

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Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

When we use the terms "we," "us," "our," and the "Company," we mean Kadant Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless the context otherwise indicates.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents we incorporate by reference in this report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and may include statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management, using information currently available to our management. When we use words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "seeks," "should," "likely," "will," "would," "may," "continue," "could," or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Many of the important factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements, you should read carefully Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Annual Report) and as may be further amended and/or restated in subsequent filings with the SEC.

Overview

Company Background

We are a global supplier of technologies and engineered systems that drive Sustainable Industrial Processing®. Our products and services play an integral role in enhancing efficiency, optimizing energy utilization, and maximizing productivity in process industries while helping our customers advance their sustainability initiatives with products that reduce waste or generate more yield with fewer inputs, particularly fiber, energy, and water. Producing more while consuming less is a core aspect of Sustainable Industrial Processing and a major element of the strategic focus of our business.

Our financial results are reported in three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling. The Flow Control segment consists of our fluid-handling and doctoring, cleaning, & filtration product lines; the Industrial Processing segment consists of our wood processing and stock-preparation product lines; and the Material Handling segment consists of our conveying and vibratory, baling, and fiber-based product lines. A description of each segment is as follows:

•Flow Control – Custom-engineered products, systems, and technologies that control the flow of fluids used in industrial and commercial applications to keep critical processes running efficiently in the packaging, tissue, food, metals, energy, and other industrial sectors. Our primary products include rotary sealing devices, steam systems, expansion joints, doctor systems, roll and fabric cleaning devices, and filtration and fiber recovery systems.

•Industrial Processing – Equipment, machinery, and technologies used to process recycled paper and timber for the packaging, tissue, wood products, and alternative fuel industries, among others. Our primary products include stock-preparation systems and recycling equipment, chemical pulping equipment, debarkers, stranders, chippers and custom engineered knife systems. In addition, we provide industrial automation and digitization solutions to process industries.

•Material Handling – Products and engineered systems used to handle bulk and discrete materials for secondary processing or transport in the aggregates, mining, food, and waste management industries, among others. Our primary products include conveying and vibratory equipment and balers. In addition, we manufacture and sell biodegradable, absorbent granules used as carriers in agricultural applications and for oil and grease absorption.

Industry and Business Overview

Our consolidated bookings increased 15% to $240.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023, due to strong contributions from our recent acquisitions and increased demand for our parts and consumables products. While demand for our parts and consumables products remains strong, we have seen a lengthening in the timing for securing capital orders as customers are being more cautious with some delaying large capital expenditures to later in the year or into 2025. This is due to several factors, including economic uncertainty surrounding actions by central banks, macroeconomic conditions abroad, and the consolidation of some of our large customers. These sluggish market conditions led to a 2% decrease

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in organic bookings, which is defined as bookings excluding the effect of foreign currency translation and acquisitions, compared to the third quarter of 2023. We anticipate stronger capital bookings in the fourth quarter of 2024 as customers prepare for 2025 projects, which we expect will result in sequentially higher bookings. However, the timing of securing capital orders can be uncertain and could shift by quarter due to macroeconomic uncertainty or other factors. The high percentage of aftermarket business at our recent acquisitions is expected to lead to increased annual bookings from our parts and consumables products in 2024. Looking beyond 2024, we see long-term strength in our end markets as customers continue to turn to our products to help maximize productivity with more efficient production processes. In addition, we see growth opportunities from proposed and adopted legislation in the U.S. and abroad aimed at fueling investment, including those targeting environmental initiatives.

An overview of our business by segment is as follows:

•Flow Control – Our Flow Control segment bookings increased 7% compared to the third quarter of 2023, including a 12% increase from acquisitions. Organic bookings decreased 5% compared to the third quarter of 2023 led by decreased demand for our capital equipment products in Europe as a result of challenging market conditions and a slowdown in manufacturing activity. In Europe, there is continued uncertainty in the end markets we serve primarily due to geopolitical tensions and weak macroeconomic conditions. In North America, demand for our capital equipment in 2024 has been impacted by mill shutdowns and the consolidation of some of our large customers. We expect steady demand in our Flow Control segment in the fourth quarter of 2024.

•Industrial Processing – Our Industrial Processing segment bookings increased 27% compared to the third quarter of 2023, including 20% from acquisitions and 7% from organic bookings. The increase in organic bookings was led by increased demand for our parts and consumables products, especially in North America. We had stable demand for our capital equipment products in this segment in the third quarter of 2024 with increases at our stock-preparation business, offset in part by softness at our wood processing business. The number of dormant or idle lines in the North American lumber industry has remained high as lumber producers await market improvement. Demand for oriented strand board (OSB) was strong and mill operations drove solid parts and consumables bookings. Weakness in new home starts in the U.S. is expected to be offset by an uptick in home improvement projects, which will result in increased demand for OSB. lumber, and our products. We expect sequentially higher bookings in the fourth quarter of 2024 due to capital project activity.

•Material Handling – Our Material Handling segment bookings increased 10% compared to the third quarter of 2023, including a 19% increase from acquisitions. Organic bookings decreased 9% compared to the third quarter of 2023 led by weak demand at our conveying and vibratory business where market conditions have caused customers to be more cautious with large capital expenditures. However, the long-term outlook for the aggregates industry remains strong, particularly in North America, fueled by new infrastructure projects as a result of significant federal and state investment. Organic bookings increased at our baling business due to strong demand for our capital products as more industries focus on waste reduction and recycling. We expect demand in our Material Handling segment to remain stable in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Our global operations have been and continue to be impacted by complex market conditions fueled by inflationary pressures, geopolitical tensions, labor availability and uncertainty in the markets. While the U.S economy has proven more resilient than predicted, growth in the European economy has slowed due to high interest rates and elevated inflation, and China's manufacturing activity has contracted. We expect our operating environment to continue to be challenging, which creates continued uncertainty in the short-term. However, we believe that the fundamentals of our business remain strong, particularly given our solid market position in key product lines, solid global operations teams, and long-term strength of our end markets.

For more information related to these challenges, and other factors impacting our business, please see Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report and subsequent filings with the SEC.

International Sales

Slightly more than half of our sales are to customers outside the United States, mainly in Europe, Asia, and Canada. As a result, our financial performance can be materially affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. To mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction fluctuations, we generally seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred. Additionally, we may enter into forward currency exchange contracts to hedge certain firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries' functional currencies. We currently do not use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations created by the translation into the U.S. dollar of our foreign subsidiaries' results that are in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

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Global Trade

The United States imposes tariffs on certain imports from China, which has and will continue to increase the cost of some of the equipment that we import. Although we have worked to mitigate the impact of tariffs through pricing and sourcing strategies, we cannot be sure these strategies will effectively mitigate the impact of these costs. For more information on risks associated with our global operations, including tariffs, please see Risk Factors, included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report and subsequent filings with the SEC.

Acquisitions

We expect that a significant driver of our growth over the next several years will be the acquisition of businesses and technologies that complement or augment our existing products and services or may involve entry into a new process industry.

On January 1, 2024, we acquired Key Knife, Inc. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, Key Knife) for $153.4 million, net of cash acquired. Key Knife is a global supplier of engineered knife systems for custom chipping, planing, and flaking solutions for wood products industries, with revenue of approximately $65.0 million for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of our Industrial Processing segment.

On January 24, 2024, we acquired KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (KWS) for $81.2 million, subject to a post-closing adjustment. KWS is a leading manufacturer of conveying equipment for the bulk material handling industry, with revenue of approximately $45.0 million for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of our Material Handling segment.

On May 31, 2024, we acquired Dynamic Sealing Technologies LLC and affiliates (collectively, DSTI) for $53.7 million, net of cash acquired and subject to a post-closing adjustment. DSTI is a leading manufacturer of engineered fluid sealing and transfer solutions for rotating applications, with revenue of approximately $25.0 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024, and is part of our Flow Control segment.

We funded these acquisitions primarily through borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We expect several synergies in connection with the acquisitions, including expansion of product sales into new markets by leveraging our global sales network and relationships, broadening our product portfolio, and strengthening our position in the various markets we serve.

See Note 2, Acquisitions, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further information related to our 2024 acquisitions.

Results of Operations

Third Quarter 2024 Compared With Third Quarter 2023

Revenue

The following table presents the change in revenue by segment between the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, and those changes excluding the effect of foreign currency translation and acquisitions which we refer to as change in organic revenue. Organic revenue excludes the effect of acquisitions for the four quarterly reporting periods following the date of the acquisition. The presentation of the change in organic revenue is a non-GAAP measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operations consistent with how management measures and forecasts its performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measure.

Revenue by segment in the third quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Increase			Currency Translation		Acquisitions		(Non-GAAP) Change in Organic Revenue
(In thousands, except percentages)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023				% Change					Increase (Decrease)		% Change
Flow Control	$	97,521	$	90,798	$	6,723	7%	$	(572)	$	5,574	$	1,721	2%
Industrial Processing	110,696		94,220		16,476		17%	(527)		14,926		2,077		2%
Material Handling	63,397		59,164		4,233		7%	214		10,020		(6,001)		(10)%
Consolidated	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	27,432	11%	$	(885)	$	30,520	$	(2,203)	(1)%

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Consolidated revenue increased 11% in the third quarter of 2024, while organic revenue decreased 1%. The decrease in organic revenue is largely due to decreased demand for capital equipment products at our Material Handling segment, partially offset by increased demand for our parts and consumables products, especially at our Industrial Processing segment. From a geographic perspective, the majority of the organic revenue decrease was driven by softening demand in Europe due to weak macroeconomic conditions, offset in part by higher demand in North America where the U.S. economy and industrial demand continued to demonstrate resiliency against inflationary pressures.

Revenue at our Flow Control segment increased 7% in the third quarter of 2024, including a 6% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue increased 2% in the third quarter of 2024 due to higher demand for our capital equipment products in North America driven by continued strength in the U.S. economy and underlying packaging industry and, to a lesser extent, in China where the government has implemented initiatives to encourage investment activity. This increase was offset by decreased demand for our capital equipment products in Europe as a result of challenging market conditions and a slowdown in manufacturing activity.

Revenue at our Industrial Processing segment increased 17% in the third quarter of 2024, including a 16% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue increased 2% due to increased demand for our parts and consumables products in North America. Demand for replacement parts at our wood processing business remains strong, offsetting lower capital project activity resulting from continued weakness in new home starts. At our stock-preparation business, increased demand for capital equipment products, primarily related to replacement and refurbishment projects in North America, was partially offset by decreased demand for our parts and consumable products in China and Europe.

Revenue at our Material Handling segment increased 7% in the third quarter of 2024, including a 17% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue decreased 10% due to weaker demand for our products in both North America and Europe. At our vibratory and conveying business in North America, several large projects in the third quarter of 2023 resulted in comparatively lower revenue in the third quarter of 2024. Constrained market conditions in Europe resulted in decreased demand for our baling products, especially our parts and consumables products.

Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit margin by segment in the third quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended		Basis Point Change
	September 28, 2024	September 30, 2023
Flow Control	51.8%	52.2%	(40)	bps
Industrial Processing	44.0%	39.5%	450	bps
Material Handling	35.0%	35.7%	(70)	bps
Consolidated	44.7%	43.3%	140	bps

Consolidated gross profit margin increased to 44.7% in the third quarter of 2024 compared with 43.3% in the third quarter of 2023 due to higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products across all our segments, especially at our Industrial Processing segment. This increase was partially offset by the inclusion of $1.2 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered consolidated gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.5 percentage points.

Within our operating segments, gross profit margin:

•Decreased to 51.8% at our Flow Control segment from 52.2% in the 2023 period primarily due to the inclusion of $0.7 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.8 percentage points.

•Increased to 44.0% at our Industrial Processing segment from 39.5% in the 2023 period due to higher margins achieved on both our capital equipment and parts and consumable products, and, to a lesser extent, a higher proportion of parts and consumables revenue. This was partially offset by the inclusion of $0.5 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.4 percentage points.

•Decreased to 35.0% at our Material Handling segment from 35.7% in the 2023 period primarily due to lower margins achieved on our parts and consumable products, partially offset by higher margins achieved on our capital equipment.

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Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses by segment in the third quarters of 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except percentages)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		Increase		% Change
Flow Control	$	24,791	$	21,538	$	3,253	15%
Industrial Processing	21,324		15,968		5,356		34%
Material Handling	12,874		10,332		2,542		25%
Corporate	10,054		10,051		3		—%
Consolidated	$	69,043	$	57,889	$	11,154	19%
Consolidated as a Percentage of Revenue	25%		24%

Consolidated SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 25% in the third quarter of 2024 from 24% in the third quarter of 2023 due to the impact of our acquisitions and acquisition-related costs. Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $11.2 million, or 19%, primarily due to the inclusion of $9.7 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions and an incremental $1.2 million of acquisition-related costs. Acquisition-related costs included in SG&A consist of amortization expense associated with acquired backlog and acquisition costs.

Within our operating segments, SG&A expenses:

•Increased $3.3 million at our Flow Control segment principally due to the inclusion of $2.2 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $0.7 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation expense.

•Increased $5.4 million at our Industrial Processing segment due to the inclusion of $4.8 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $0.2 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation costs and travel expenses.

•Increased $2.5 million at our Material Handling segment principally due to the inclusion of $2.7 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions and $0.3 million of acquisition-related costs, partially offset by a decrease in expense from sales incentives.

Other Costs

Other costs of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2023 included the following:

•Relocation costs of $0.5 million within our Industrial Processing segment related to the write-down of certain fixed assets that were not moved to a new manufacturing facility in China and facility moving costs.

•Restructuring and impairment costs of $0.4 million within our Flow Control segment related to the consolidation of a small manufacturing operation into a larger facility in Germany (2023 Restructuring Plan). This charge consisted of severance costs for the termination of 10 employees, asset write-downs, and facility and other closure costs.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $5.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 from $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which were primarily used to fund our acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, a higher weighted-average interest rate.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes increased to $12.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 from $10.8 million in the third quarter of 2023.

The effective tax rate of 27% in the third quarter of 2024 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of our worldwide earnings, state taxes, nondeductible expenses, the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, and tax expense associated with the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provisions. These items were offset in part by foreign tax credits.

The effective tax rate of 26% in the third quarter of 2023 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of our worldwide earnings and state taxes.

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Net Income

Net income increased to $31.9 million in the third quarter of 2024 from $31.0 million in the third quarter of 2023 primarily due to a $5.4 million increase in operating income, offset in part by a $3.4 million increase in interest expense and a $1.1 million increase in provision for income taxes (see discussions above for further details).

First Nine Months 2024 Compared With First Nine Months 2023

Revenue

The following table presents changes in revenue and organic revenue by segment between the first nine months of 2024 and 2023. Organic revenue is a non-GAAP measure as defined above in the results of operations for the third quarter of 2024 compared with the third quarter of 2023.

Revenue by segment in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Nine Months Ended							Currency Translation		Acquisitions		(Non-GAAP) Change in Organic Revenue
(In thousands, except percentages)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		Increase		% Change					Increase (Decrease)		% Change
Flow Control	$	276,493	$	276,048	$	445	—%	$	(600)	$	7,098	$	(6,053)	(2)%
Industrial Processing	331,310		267,729		63,581		24%	(2,026)		46,298		19,309		7%
Material Handling	187,551		175,216		12,335		7%	253		28,869		(16,787)		(10)%
Consolidated	$	795,354	$	718,993	$	76,361	11%	$	(2,373)	$	82,265	$	(3,531)	—%

Consolidated revenue in the first nine months of 2024 increased 11%, while organic revenue remained flat. Weaker demand at our Material Handling and Flow Control segments was largely offset by stronger demand at our Industrial Processing segment, especially for our capital equipment products. From a geographic perspective, organic revenue was impacted by softening demand in Asia and Europe due to weak macroeconomic conditions, largely offset by stronger industrial demand in North America.

Revenue at our Flow Control segment remained flat while organic revenue decreased 2% in the first nine months of 2024 due to decreased demand for our capital equipment products in Europe reflecting the challenging market conditions and slowdown in manufacturing activity. This decrease was partially offset by higher demand for our capital equipment products in North America driven by continued strength in the U.S. economy and underlying packaging industry.

Revenue at our Industrial Processing segment increased 24% in the first nine months of 2024, including a 17% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue increased 7% in the first nine months of 2024 primarily due to increased demand for our capital equipment products at our stock-preparation and wood processing businesses and for our aftermarket products at our wood processing business. Revenue from parts and consumables products increased 8% at our wood processing business due to maintenance requirements for our customers in North America. At our stock-preparation business, capital equipment revenue increased 24% due to higher completion rates on large projects recognized on an over time basis in China and increased replacement and refurbishment projects in North America.

Revenue at our Material Handling segment increased 7% in the first nine months of 2024, including a 17% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue decreased 10% driven by weaker demand for our products in North America and Europe. At our baling business in Europe, decreased demand for our capital equipment products resulted from weaker market conditions, which have lengthened quote-to-order times and delayed several large projects to later in the year. At our conveying and vibratory business, several large parts orders associated with capital projects in the first nine months of 2023 resulted in comparatively lower organic parts and consumables revenue in the first nine months of 2024.

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Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit margin by segment in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Nine Months Ended		Basis Point Change
	September 28, 2024	September 30, 2023
Flow Control	52.9%	52.3%	60	bps
Industrial Processing	42.3%	39.8%	250	bps
Material Handling	36.2%	36.2%	—	bps
Consolidated	44.5%	43.7%	80	bps

Consolidated gross profit margin increased to 44.5% in the first nine months of 2024 compared with 43.7% in the first nine months of 2023 due to higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products across all our segments, especially at our Industrial Processing segment. This increase was partially offset by the inclusion of $4.1 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered consolidated gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.6 percentage points.

Within our operating segments, gross profit margin:

•Increased to 52.9% at our Flow Control segment from 52.3% in the 2023 period primarily due to higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products. This increase was partially offset by the inclusion of $1.0 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.3 percentage points.

•Increased to 42.3% at our Industrial Processing segment from 39.8% in the 2023 period due to higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products and, to a lesser extent, a higher proportion of parts and consumables revenue. These increases were partially offset by the inclusion of $2.1 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.7 percentage points.

•Remained flat at 36.2% at our Material Handling segment. The impact of a higher proportion of parts and consumables revenue in 2024 was offset by the inclusion of $1.0 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.6 percentage points.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses by segment in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except percentages)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		Increase		% Change
Flow Control	$	72,186	$	65,955	$	6,231	9%
Industrial Processing	65,708		48,943		16,765		34%
Material Handling	40,672		32,070		8,602		27%
Corporate	30,786		29,473		1,313		4%
Consolidated	$	209,352	$	176,441	$	32,911	19%
Consolidated as a Percentage of Revenue	26%		25%

Consolidated SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 26% in the first nine months of 2024 compared with 25% in the first nine months of 2023 principally due to the impact of our acquisitions and acquisition-related costs. Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $32.9 million, or 19%, primarily due to the inclusion of $25.3 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $4.7 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation expense associated with new and existing personnel.

Within our operating segments, SG&A expenses:

•Increased $6.2 million at our Flow Control segment principally due to the inclusion of $2.9 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $1.5 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation expense.

•Increased $16.8 million at our Industrial Processing segment due to the inclusion of $14.7 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $0.8 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation expense associated with new and existing personnel. These increases were partially offset by a $0.4 million favorable effect of foreign currency translation.

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•Increased $8.6 million at our Material Handling segment primarily due to the inclusion of $7.7 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions and $2.4 million of acquisition-related costs, partially offset by a decrease in expense related to external commissions and sales incentives.

•Increased $1.3 million at Corporate due to increased compensation expense and consulting costs.

Other Costs

Other costs of $1.0 million in the first nine months of 2023 included the following:

•Relocation costs of $0.6 million within our Industrial Processing segment related to the write-down of certain fixed assets that were not moved to a new manufacturing facility in China and facility moving costs.

•Restructuring and impairment costs of $0.4 million within our Flow Control segment related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan. This charge consisted of severance costs for the termination of 10 employees, asset write-downs, and facility and other closure costs.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2024 from $6.7 million in the first nine months of 2023 due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which were primarily used to fund our acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, a higher weighted-average interest rate.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes was $31.8 million in both the first nine months of 2024 and the first nine months of 2023.

The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2024 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of our worldwide earnings, nondeductible expenses, state taxes, and the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. These items were offset in part by foreign tax credits.

The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2023 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of our worldwide earnings, state taxes, and nondeductible expenses.

Net Income

Net income decreased to $88.5 million in the first nine months of 2024 from $89.2 million in the first nine months of 2023 primarily due to a $8.7 million increase in interest expense, offset in part by a $7.6 million increase in operating income (see discussions above for further details).

Non-GAAP Key Performance Indicators

In addition to the financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including organic revenue (defined as revenue excluding the effect of foreign currency translation and acquisitions), adjusted operating income, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin (defined as adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue), and free cash flow (defined as cash flow provided by operations less capital expenditures).

We use organic revenue to understand our trends and to forecast and evaluate our financial performance and compare revenue to prior periods (see discussion in Revenue above). Adjusted operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA margin exclude amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory and backlog, acquisition costs, relocation costs, restructuring and impairment costs, and other income or expense, as indicated. These items are excluded as they are not indicative of our core operating results and are not comparable to other periods, which have differing levels of incremental costs, expenditures or income, or none at all. Additionally, we use free cash flow in order to provide insight on our ability to generate cash for acquisitions and debt repayments, as well as for other investing and financing activities.

We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our core business, operating results, or future outlook. We believe that the inclusion of such measures helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operating performance and future prospects, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to previous periods or forecasts and to the performance of our competitors. Such measures are also used by us in our financial and operating decision-making and for compensation purposes. We also believe this information is responsive to investors' requests and gives them an additional measure of our performance.

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Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered superior to or a substitute for the results of operations or cash flows prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations associated with their use as compared to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, in that they may be different from, and therefore not comparable to, similar measures used by other companies.

A reconciliation of adjusted operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA margin is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except percentages)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	31,586	$	30,864	$	87,566	$	88,673
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	312		175		891		571
Provision for Income Taxes	11,964		10,816		31,810		31,761
Interest Expense, Net	5,109		1,669		14,000		5,669
Other Expense, Net	16		20		48		62
Operating Income	48,987		43,544		134,315		126,736

Acquired Profit in Inventory Amortization (a)	1,205		—		4,065		—
Acquired Backlog Amortization (b)	687		—		2,181		—

Acquisition Costs	469		—		2,533		—
Indemnification Asset (Provision) Reversal, Net (c)	(175)		(50)		(151)		127
Relocation Costs	—		535		—		609
Restructuring and Impairment Costs	—		434		—		434

Adjusted Operating Income (non-GAAP measure)	51,173		44,463		142,943		127,906
Depreciation and Amortization	12,088		8,234		34,324		24,917
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP measure)	$	63,261	$	52,697	$	177,267	$	152,823
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (non-GAAP measure)	23.3%		21.6%		22.3%		21.3%

(a) Represents amortization expense within cost of revenue associated with acquired profit in inventory.

(b) Represents intangible amortization expense associated with acquired backlog.

(c) Represents the provision for or reversal of indemnification assets related to the establishment or release of tax reserves associated with uncertain tax positions.

A reconciliation of free cash flow from cash flow provided by operating activities is as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	52,478	$	46,967	$	103,375	$	106,311
Capital Expenditures	(4,185)		(8,848)		(15,430)		(22,094)
Free Cash Flow (non-GAAP measure)	$	48,293	$	38,119	$	87,945	$	84,217

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Consolidated working capital was $264.3 million at September 28, 2024, compared with $225.8 million at December 30, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents were $88.4 million at September 28, 2024, compared with $103.8 million at December 30, 2023, which included cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries of $74.1 million at September 28, 2024 and $94.6 million at December 30, 2023.

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Cash Flows

Cash flow information in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	103,375	$	106,311
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(315,871)		(20,060)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities	196,774		(85,671)
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	(997)		(1,252)
Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$	(16,719)	$	(672)

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities decreased to $103.4 million in the first nine months of 2024 from $106.3 million in the first nine months of 2023 primarily due to an increase in cash used for working capital. Our operating cash flows are primarily generated from cash received from customers, offset by cash payments for items such as inventory, employee compensation, operating leases, income taxes, and interest payments on outstanding debt obligations.

Significant cash outflows associated with working capital in the first nine months of 2024 related to accounts receivable, customer deposits and other liabilities. An increase in accounts receivable used cash of $10.4 million primarily due to our revenue growth, and a decrease in customer deposits used cash of $21.6 million due to a reduction in capital equipment orders. Other liabilities used cash of $15.5 million primarily related to incentive compensation payments. These uses of cash were offset in part by cash provided from the shipment of inventory of $10.2 million and increases in accounts payable of $8.7 million related to inventory purchases and the timing of payments.

Significant cash outflows associated with working capital in the first nine months of 2023 related to accounts payable and accounts receivable. Decreases in accounts payable used cash of $12.9 million primarily due to the timing of payments. An increase in accounts receivable used cash of $10.7 million mainly due to our revenue growth and the timing of shipments. In addition, an increase in other liabilities provided cash of $5.9 million due in part to work performed by subcontractors and outside vendors.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $315.9 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared with $20.1 million in the first nine months of 2023. Consideration paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $302.0 million in the first nine months of 2024. Additionally, cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2024 and $22.1 million in the first nine months of 2023.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $196.8 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared with cash used in financing activities of $85.7 million in the first nine months of 2023. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility were $305.2 million in 2024, which were primarily used to fund our 2024 acquisitions. Repayments of short- and long-term obligations were $91.4 million in 2024 compared to $71.9 million in 2023. Cash dividends paid to stockholders were $10.9 million in 2024 and $9.8 million in 2023. In addition, taxes paid related to the vesting of equity awards were $5.9 million in 2024 compared to $3.9 million in 2023.

Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash represents the impact of translation of cash balances at our foreign subsidiaries. The $1.0 million decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the first nine months of 2024 related to exchange rates was primarily attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Mexican peso and, to a lesser extent, the Brazilian real and the Canadian dollar. The $1.3 million decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the first nine months of 2023 was primarily attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Chinese renminbi and, to a lesser extent, the euro and Swedish krona.

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Borrowing Capacity and Debt Obligations

Our unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility originally entered into on March 1, 2017 (as amended and restated to date, the Credit Agreement) matures on November 30, 2027 and has a total borrowing capacity of $400.0 million.

In the first nine months of 2024, we borrowed $305.2 million under our revolving credit facility, which was primarily used to fund our acquisitions.

As of September 28, 2024, our outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was $314.5 million, which included $76.5 million of euro-denominated borrowings, and we had $85.3 million of available borrowing capacity, in addition to a $200.0 million uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility. Under our debt agreements, our leverage ratio must be less than 3.75 or, if we elect, for the quarter during which a material acquisition occurs and for the three fiscal quarters thereafter, must be less than 4.25. As of September 28, 2024, our leverage ratio was 1.13 and we were in compliance with our debt covenants. See Note 6, Long-Term Obligations, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our debt obligations.

Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources

On May 16, 2024, our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our equity securities during the period from May 16, 2024 to May 16, 2025. We have not repurchased any shares of our common stock under this authorization or our previous $50.0 million authorization that expired on May 18, 2024.

We paid cash dividends of $10.9 million in the first nine months of 2024. On September 5, 2024, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share totaling $3.8 million that will be paid on November 7, 2024. Future declarations of dividends are subject to our board of directors' approval and may be adjusted as business needs or market conditions change. The declaration of cash dividends is subject to our compliance with the covenant in our Credit Agreement related to our consolidated leverage ratio.

We plan to make expenditures of approximately $10.0 to $11.0 million during the remainder of 2024 for property, plant, and equipment.

As of September 28, 2024, we had approximately $292.4 million of total unremitted foreign earnings. It is our intent to indefinitely reinvest $242.3 million of these earnings to support the current and future capital needs of our foreign operations, including debt repayments, if any. In the first nine months of 2024, we recorded withholding taxes on the earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries that we plan to repatriate in the foreseeable future. The foreign withholding taxes that would be required if we were to remit the indefinitely-reinvested foreign earnings to the United States would be approximately $5.0 million.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, along with future cash generated from operations, and our existing borrowing capacity will be sufficient to meet the capital requirements of our operations for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, current economic and market conditions, and other assumptions management believes are reasonable. We believe that our most critical accounting policies which are significant to our consolidated financial statements, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are those described in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading Application of Critical Accounting Estimates in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report. There have been no material changes to these critical accounting policies since the end of fiscal 2023 that warrant disclosure.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, under the heading Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details.

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Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates has not changed materially from our exposure as disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, of our Annual Report.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 28, 2024. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 28, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 28, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A – Risk Factors

Careful consideration should be given to the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, in addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 5 – Other Information

Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

None of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the quarter ended September 28, 2024.

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Item 6 – Exhibits


Exhibit Number
						Description of Exhibit


31.1						Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2						Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			KADANT INC.

Date: November 6, 2024			/s/ Michael J. McKenney
			Michael J. McKenney
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Jeffrey L. Powell, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 28, 2024 of Kadant Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



Date: November 6, 2024			/s/ Jeffrey L. Powell
			Jeffrey L. Powell
			President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael J. McKenney, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 28, 2024 of Kadant Inc.;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



Date: November 6, 2024			/s/ Michael J. McKenney
			Michael J. McKenney
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, Jeffrey L. Powell, Chief Executive Officer, and Michael J. McKenney, Chief Financial Officer, of Kadant Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), do hereby certify, to our best knowledge and belief, that:

The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 28, 2024 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and the information contained in this Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



Dated: November 6, 2024			/s/ Jeffrey L. Powell
			Jeffrey L. Powell
			President and Chief Executive Officer

			/s/ Michael J. McKenney
			Michael J. McKenney
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

This certification accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 28, 2024	Oct. 25, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 28, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-11406
Entity Registrant Name	KADANT INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	52-1762325
Entity Address, Address Line One	One Technology Park Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Westford
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01886
City Area Code	978
Local Phone Number	776-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.01 par value
Trading Symbol	KAI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,745,324
Entity Central Index Key	0000886346
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-28
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 88,407	$ 103,832
Restricted cash	1,327	2,621
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,888 and $4,090	154,965	133,929
Inventories	169,252	152,677
Contract assets	14,534	8,366
Other current assets	41,065	38,757
Total Current Assets	469,550	440,182
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $145,901 and $132,846	174,559	140,504
Other Assets	59,915	43,609
Intangible Assets, Net (Notes 1 and 2)	292,211	159,286
Goodwill (Notes 1 and 2)	493,105	392,084
Total Assets	1,489,340	1,175,665
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term obligations (Note 6)	3,263	3,209
Accounts payable	50,536	42,104
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	43,250	41,855
Customer deposits	46,208	62,641
Advanced billings	9,548	12,194
Other current liabilities	52,422	52,406
Total Current Liabilities	205,227	214,409
Long-Term Obligations (Note 6)	323,169	107,666
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes	41,397	36,398
Other Long-Term Liabilities	56,761	40,952
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	0	0
Common stock, $.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 14,624,159 shares issued	146	146
Capital in excess of par value	127,486	124,940
Retained earnings	839,422	763,131
Treasury stock at cost, 2,878,835 and 2,915,978 shares	(70,543)	(71,453)
Accumulated other comprehensive items (Note 8)	(44,778)	(43,062)
Total Kadant Stockholders' Equity	851,733	773,702
Noncontrolling interests (Note 2)	11,053	2,538
Total Stockholders' Equity	862,786	776,240
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 1,489,340	$ 1,175,665

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity:
Allowance for credit losses	$ 4,888	$ 4,090
Accumulated depreciation	$ 145,901	$ 132,846
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	14,624,159	14,624,159
Treasury stock (in shares)	2,878,835	2,915,978

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue (Notes 1 and 11)	$ 271,614	$ 244,182	$ 795,354	$ 718,993
Costs and Operating Expenses:
Cost of revenue	150,175	138,456	441,066	404,671
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	69,043	57,889	209,352	176,441
Research and development expenses	3,409	3,324	10,621	10,102
Other costs (Note 3)	0	969	0	1,043
Total Costs and Operating Expenses	222,627	200,638	661,039	592,257
Operating Income	48,987	43,544	134,315	126,736
Interest Income	407	438	1,386	1,053
Interest Expense	(5,516)	(2,107)	(15,386)	(6,722)
Other Expense, Net	(16)	(20)	(48)	(62)
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes	43,862	41,855	120,267	121,005
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 5)	11,964	10,816	31,810	31,761
Net Income	31,898	31,039	88,457	89,244
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(312)	(175)	(891)	(571)
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 31,586	$ 30,864	$ 87,566	$ 88,673
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant (Note 4)
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.69	$ 2.64	$ 7.46	$ 7.58
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.68	$ 2.63	$ 7.44	$ 7.57
Weighted Average Shares (Note 4)
Basic (in shares)	11,745	11,706	11,737	11,697
Diluted (in shares)	11,780	11,740	11,763	11,719

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 31,898	$ 31,039	$ 88,457	$ 89,244
Other Comprehensive Items:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	13,643	(9,104)	(1,781)	(3,931)
Post-retirement liability adjustments, net (net of tax of $2, $1, $3 and $(2))	4	5	7	(3)
Deferred (loss) gain on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $—, $(3), $13 and $(35))	0	(9)	38	(107)
Other comprehensive items	13,647	(9,108)	(1,736)	(4,041)
Comprehensive Income	45,545	21,931	86,721	85,203
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(378)	(111)	(871)	(543)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 45,167	$ 21,820	$ 85,850	$ 84,660

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Comprehensive Items:
Post-retirement liability adjustments, net, tax	$ 2	$ 1	$ 3	$ (2)
Deferred gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, tax	$ 0	$ (3)	$ 13	$ (35)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Activities
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 87,566	$ 88,673
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	891	571
Net Income	88,457	89,244
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	36,505	24,917
Stock-based compensation expense	7,926	7,243
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	893	543
Other items, net	2,834	1,803
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(10,409)	(10,676)
Contract assets	(4,180)	2,465
Inventories	10,196	(1,461)
Other assets	(512)	667
Accounts payable	8,695	(12,913)
Customer deposits	(21,556)	(1,463)
Other liabilities	(15,474)	5,942
Net cash provided by operating activities	103,375	106,311
Investing Activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 2)	(302,024)	277
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	(15,430)	(22,094)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment	1,320	535
Other investing activities	263	1,222
Net cash used in investing activities	(315,871)	(20,060)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term obligations (Note 6)	305,211	0
Repayment of short- and long-term obligations	(91,378)	(71,868)
Tax withholding payments related to stock-based compensation	(5,881)	(3,915)
Dividends paid	(10,914)	(9,825)
Proceeds from issuance of Company common stock	1,605	0
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interest	(1,346)	0
Acquisition of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest (Note 2)	(523)	0
Other financing activities	0	(63)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	196,774	(85,671)
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	(997)	(1,252)
Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	(16,719)	(672)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period	106,453	79,725
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$ 89,734	$ 79,053

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Capital in Excess of Par Value	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items	Noncontrolling Interests
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Treasury stock (in shares)					2,949,997
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		14,624,159
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 655,571	$ 146	$ 119,924	$ 660,644	$ (72,287)	$ (54,578)	$ 1,722
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	89,244			88,673			571
Dividend declared – Common Stock	(10,184)			(10,184)
Activity under stock plans (in shares)					(32,934)
Activity under stock plans	3,327		2,520		$ 807
Other comprehensive items	(4,041)					(4,013)	(28)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		14,624,159
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					2,917,063
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	733,917	$ 146	122,444	739,133	$ (71,480)	(58,591)	2,265
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Treasury stock (in shares)					2,918,261
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jul. 01, 2023		14,624,159
Beginning balance at Jul. 01, 2023	713,025	$ 146	120,117	711,664	$ (71,509)	(49,547)	2,154
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	31,039			30,864			175
Dividend declared – Common Stock	(3,395)			(3,395)
Activity under stock plans (in shares)					(1,198)
Activity under stock plans	2,356		2,327		$ 29
Other comprehensive items	(9,108)					(9,044)	(64)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		14,624,159
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					2,917,063
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 733,917	$ 146	122,444	739,133	$ (71,480)	(58,591)	2,265
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Treasury stock (in shares)					2,917,063
Treasury stock (in shares)	2,915,978				2,915,978
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 30, 2023		14,624,159
Beginning balance at Dec. 30, 2023	$ 776,240	$ 146	124,940	763,131	$ (71,453)	(43,062)	2,538
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	88,457			87,566			891
Dividend declared – Common Stock	(11,275)			(11,275)
Activity under stock plans (in shares)					(37,143)
Activity under stock plans	3,650		2,740		$ 910
Noncontrolling interests acquired (Note 2)	9,319						9,319
Acquisition of subsidiary shares (Note 2)	(523)		(194)				(329)
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interest	(1,346)						(1,346)
Other comprehensive items	$ (1,736)					(1,716)	(20)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 28, 2024		14,624,159
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 28, 2024	2,878,835				2,878,835
Ending balance at Sep. 28, 2024	$ 862,786	$ 146	127,486	839,422	$ (70,543)	(44,778)	11,053
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Treasury stock (in shares)					2,879,638
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 29, 2024		14,624,159
Beginning balance at Jun. 29, 2024	818,386	$ 146	124,892	811,595	$ (70,563)	(58,359)	10,675
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	31,898			31,586			312
Dividend declared – Common Stock	(3,759)			(3,759)
Activity under stock plans (in shares)					(803)
Activity under stock plans	2,614		2,594		$ 20
Other comprehensive items	$ 13,647					13,581	66
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 28, 2024		14,624,159
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 28, 2024	2,878,835				2,878,835
Ending balance at Sep. 28, 2024	$ 862,786	$ 146	$ 127,486	$ 839,422	$ (70,543)	$ (44,778)	$ 11,053
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Treasury stock (in shares)	2,878,835				2,878,835

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividend declared – Common Stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.32	$ 0.29	$ 0.96	$ 0.87

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Kadant Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "KAI."

Interim Financial Statements

Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies

Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash Paid for Interest	$	15,034	$	6,341
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	33,288	$	34,037

Non-Cash Investing Activities (Note 2):
Fair value of assets acquired (adjusted)	$	360,021	$	(270)
Fair value of liabilities assumed	$	35,575	$	7
Fair value of noncontrolling interest acquired	$	9,319	$	—
Fair value of contingent consideration	$	1,785	$	—
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable	$	590	$	749


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Company common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$	5,364	$	4,951
Dividends declared but unpaid	$	3,759	$	3,395

Restricted Cash


(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		December 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,407	$	76,793	$	103,832	$	76,371
Restricted cash	1,327		2,260		2,621		3,354
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$	89,734	$	79,053	$	106,453	$	79,725

Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Raw Materials	$	69,672	$	66,738
Work in Process	37,767		32,147
Finished Goods (includes $804 and $5,182 at customer locations)	61,813		53,792
	$	169,252	$	152,677

Intangible Assets, Net

Acquired intangible assets by major asset class are as follows:


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
September 28, 2024
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	333,966	$	(122,730)	$	(5,558)	$	205,678
Product technology	92,535		(47,816)		(2,157)		42,562
Tradenames	16,579		(4,860)		(380)		11,339
Other	24,721		(20,129)		(571)		4,021
	467,801		(195,535)		(8,666)		263,600
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(448)		28,611
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	496,860	$	(195,535)	$	(9,114)	$	292,211


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
December 30, 2023
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	218,959	$	(108,519)	$	(5,562)	$	104,878
Product technology	67,576		(43,786)		(2,367)		21,423
Tradenames	7,039		(4,262)		(388)		2,389
Other	20,320		(17,715)		(604)		2,001
	313,894		(174,282)		(8,921)		130,691
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(464)		28,595
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	342,953	$	(174,282)	$	(9,385)	$	159,286

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows:


(In thousands)	Flow Control		Industrial Processing		Material Handling		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023
Gross balance	$	120,782	$	212,732	$	144,108	$	477,622
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	120,782		127,194		144,108		392,084
2024 Activity
Acquisitions (Note 2)	16,018		36,405		47,808		100,231
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	—		(22)		—		(22)
Currency translation	767		(680)		725		812
Total 2024 activity	16,785		35,703		48,533		101,021
Balance at September 28, 2024
Gross balance	137,567		248,435		192,641		578,643
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	$	137,567	$	162,897	$	192,641	$	493,105

Warranty Obligations


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Balance at Beginning of Year	$	8,154	$	7,283
Provision charged to expense	4,463		4,879
Usage	(2,972)		(3,391)
Acquisitions	473		—
Currency translation	37		(90)
Balance at End of Period	$	10,155	$	8,681

Revenue Recognition

The following table presents revenue by revenue recognition method:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Point in Time	$	238,971	$	216,956	$	701,199	$	643,430
Over Time	32,643		27,226		94,155		75,563
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reportable operating segment, product type and geography as this best depicts how its revenue is affected by economic factors.

The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue by product type and geography:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue by Product Type:
Parts and consumables	$	176,961	$	149,564	$	520,836	$	454,209
Capital	94,653		94,618		274,518		264,784
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993
Revenue by Geography (based on customer location):
North America	$	172,186	$	133,780	501,220		401,618
Europe	57,309		66,491		176,289		181,273
Asia	26,724		27,393		74,248		88,030
Rest of world	15,395		16,518		43,597		48,072
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

See Note 11, Business Segment Information, for information on the disaggregation of revenue by reportable operating segment.

The following table presents contract balances from contracts with customers:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Contract Assets	$	14,534	$	8,366
Contract Liabilities	$	58,324	$	79,397

Banker's Acceptance Drafts Included in Accounts Receivable

Income Taxes

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Key Knife, Inc.

KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd.

Dynamic Sealing Technologies LLC

Other Acquisitions

On May 6, 2024, the Company acquired the remaining outstanding shares of a Key Knife subsidiary in which the Company previously held a noncontrolling interest for $523,000 in cash.

In August 2024, the Company acquired certain other assets for a total of $1,755,000 in cash.

Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the aggregate purchase price and estimated fair values of the net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired related to the 2024 acquisitions:


(In thousands)	Total
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	11,509
Accounts Receivable	12,143
Inventories	27,461
Other Current Assets	3,472
Property, Plant, and Equipment	37,061
Other Assets	14,249
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Customer relationships	114,995
Product technology	24,959
Tradenames	9,540
Other	4,401
Goodwill	100,231
Total assets acquired	360,021

Accounts Payable	3,316
Customer Deposits	3,275
Other Current Liabilities	9,895
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes	5,455
Other Long-Term Liabilities	13,634
Total liabilities assumed	35,575
Noncontrolling interests acquired	9,319
Net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired	$	315,127

Purchase Price:
Cash Paid	$	313,533
Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Note 10)	1,785
Estimated Remaining Post-closing Adjustments, Net	(191)
	$	315,127

Revenue and operating income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 associated with the 2024 acquisitions from their respective acquisition dates, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Three Months Ended September 28, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 28, 2024
Revenue	$	30,477	$	82,075
Operating Income (a)	$	1,651	$	4,258

Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Information


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023

Revenue	$	271,614	$	278,202	$	806,946	$	821,052
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	33,497	$	28,973	$	92,264	$	80,131
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant
Basic	$	2.85	$	2.48	$	7.86	$	6.85
Diluted	$	2.84	$	2.47	$	7.84	$	6.84

Pro forma results include the following non-recurring pro forma adjustments:

•Estimated tax effects related to the pro forma adjustments.

Other Costs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Other Costs

Relocation Costs

Restructuring and Impairment Costs

The Company also incurred restructuring costs within its Flow Control segment of $366,000 in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to the termination of a contract at one of its operations in Germany.

A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet is as follows:


(In thousands)	Severance Costs		Contract Termination Costs		Total

2023 Restructuring Plan
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	201	$	313	$	514

Usage	(195)		(303)		(498)
Currency translation	(6)		(10)		(16)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	—	$	—	$	—

Earnings per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) were calculated as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	31,586	$	30,864	$	87,566	$	88,673

Basic Weighted Average Shares	11,745		11,706		11,737		11,697
Effect of Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares	35		34		26		22
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	11,780		11,740		11,763		11,719

Basic Earnings per Share	$	2.69	$	2.64	$	7.46	$	7.58

Diluted Earnings per Share	$	2.68	$	2.63	$	7.44	$	7.57

Provision for Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Provision for Income Taxes	Sep. 28, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for Income Taxes	Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes was $31,810,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and $31,761,000 in the first nine months of 2023. The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2024 was higher than the Company’s statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of the Company’s worldwide earnings, nondeductible expenses, state taxes, and the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. These items were offset in part by foreign tax credits. The effective tax rate of 26% in the first nine months of 2023 was higher than the Company's statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of the Company's worldwide earnings, state taxes, and nondeductible expenses.

Long-Term Obligations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Obligations

Long-term obligations are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027	$	314,467	$	98,761
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028	8,330		8,330
Finance Leases, due 2024 to 2029	1,931		1,789
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028	1,704		1,995
Total	326,432		110,875
Less: Current Maturities of Long-Term Obligations	(3,263)		(3,209)
Long-Term Obligations	$	323,169	$	107,666

See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value information related to the Company's long-term obligations.

Revolving Credit Facility

Loans under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company.

The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was 5.82% as of September 28, 2024 and 5.24% as of year-end 2023.

Senior Promissory Notes

Debt Compliance

As of September 28, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants related to its debt obligations.

Stock-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation	Sep. 28, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2,627,000 in the third quarter of 2024, $2,357,000 in the third quarter of 2023, $7,926,000 in the first nine months of 2024 and $7,243,000 in the first nine months of 2023 within SG&A expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date price of the Company's common stock, reduced by the present value of estimated dividends foregone during the requisite service period. For time-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value, and net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur. For performance-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award based on the grant date fair value, net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur, and remeasured each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known. Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation totaled approximately $11,319,000 at September 28, 2024, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. Non-Employee Director RSUs On May 15, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 3,030 RSUs to its non-employee directors with an aggregate grant date fair value of $849,000, of which 50% vested on June 1, 2024, 25% vested on September 28, 2024 and the remaining 25% will vest on the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 subject to continued service as a director on the vesting date. Performance-based RSUs On March 6, 2024, the Company granted performance-based RSUs to certain of its officers, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 18,643 shares (target RSU amount), with an aggregate grant date fair value of $5,917,000. The RSUs are subject to adjustment based on the achievement of the performance measure selected for the fiscal year, which is a specified target for adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (target adjusted EBITDA) generated from operations for the fiscal year. The RSUs are adjusted by comparing the actual adjusted EBITDA for the performance period to the target adjusted EBITDA. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 50% and 100% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment of 50% to 100% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 100% and 115% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment using a straight-line linear scale between 100% and 150% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA in excess of 115% results in an adjustment capped at 150% of the target RSU amount. If actual adjusted EBITDA is below 50% of the target adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 fiscal year, these performance-based RSUs will be forfeited. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the probable number of performance-based RSUs expected to vest. Following the adjustment, the performance-based RSUs will be subject to additional time-based vesting, and will vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates. Time-based RSUs On March 6, 2024, the Company granted time-based RSUs representing 14,109 shares to certain of its officers and employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $4,461,000. These time-based RSUs vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that a recipient is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items

Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive items (AOCI), net of tax, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments		Deferred Loss on Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	(43,013)	$	(11)	$	(38)	$	(43,062)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications	(1,761)		1		—		(1,760)
Reclassifications from AOCI	—		6		38		44
Net current period other comprehensive items	(1,761)		7		38		(1,716)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	(44,774)	$	(4)	$	—	$	(44,778)

Derivatives

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet:


		September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount (b)		Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in a Liability Position:
Forward currency-exchange contract	Other Current Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	(51)	$	430

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in an Asset Position:
Forward currency-exchange contracts	Other Current Assets	$	28	$	839	$	8	$	701

(a) See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.

(b) The 2024 notional amounts are indicative of the level of the Company's recurring derivative activity.


(In thousands)	Total
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at December 30, 2023	$	(38)

Loss recognized in AOCI	38
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at September 28, 2024	$	—

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company's own assumptions.

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Fair Value as of September 28, 2024
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	15,071	$	—	$	—	$	15,071
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	6,707	$	—	$	6,707
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Liabilities:


Contingent consideration (Note 2 ) (b)	$	—	$	—	$	1,862	$	1,862


	Fair Value as of December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	14,795	$	—	$	—	$	14,795
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	10,826	$	—	$	10,826
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8
Liabilities:
Forward currency-exchange contract	$	—	$	51	$	—	$	51

(a)Included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(b)Included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The following table provides a rollforward of the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration as determined by level 3 inputs:


(In thousands)	Total
Balance Measured at Inception (Note 2 )	$	1,785


Currency translation	77
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	1,862

The carrying value and fair value of debt obligations, excluding lease obligations, are as follows:


	September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt Obligations:
Revolving credit facility	$	314,467	$	314,467	$	98,761	$	98,761
Senior promissory notes	8,330		8,370		8,330		8,182
Other	1,704		1,704		1,995		1,995
	$	324,501	$	324,541	$	109,086	$	108,938

Business Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment Information

A description of each segment follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Flow Control	$	97,521	$	90,798	$	276,493	$	276,048
Industrial Processing	110,696		94,220		331,310		267,729
Material Handling	63,397		59,164		187,551		175,216
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Flow Control (a)	$	24,281	$	24,246	$	69,521	$	74,256
Industrial Processing (b)	25,969		19,023		70,060		51,968
Material Handling (c)	8,793		10,345		25,522		30,006
Corporate (d)	(10,056)		(10,070)		(30,788)		(29,494)
Total operating income	48,987		43,544		134,315		126,736
Interest expense, net (e)	(5,109)		(1,669)		(14,000)		(5,669)
Other expense, net	(16)		(20)		(48)		(62)
	$	43,862	$	41,855	$	120,267	$	121,005

Capital Expenditures
Flow Control	$	1,894	$	1,195	$	5,729	$	3,889
Industrial Processing	1,209		7,299		5,943		16,007
Material Handling	1,074		350		3,737		2,170
Corporate	8		4		21		28
	$	4,185	$	8,848	$	15,430	$	22,094


	September 28,		December 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Total Assets
Flow Control	$	456,173	$	391,719
Industrial Processing	591,740		443,189
Material Handling	429,204		326,226
Corporate	12,223		14,531
	$	1,489,340	$	1,175,665

(c)Includes acquisition-related costs of $302,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $3,393,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024.

(d)Represents general and administrative expenses.

(e)The Company does not allocate interest expense, net to its segments.

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 28, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Right of Recourse In the ordinary course of business, the Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may use these banker's acceptance drafts prior to the scheduled maturity date to settle outstanding accounts payable with vendors. Banker's acceptance drafts transferred to vendors are subject to customary right of recourse provisions prior to their scheduled maturity dates. The Company had $10,476,000 at September 28, 2024 and $9,090,000 at December 30, 2023 of banker's acceptance drafts subject to recourse, which were transferred to vendors and had not reached their scheduled maturity dates. Historically, the banker's acceptance drafts have settled upon maturity without any claim of recourse against the Company. Litigation From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation may include, but is not limited to, claims and counterclaims by and against the Company for breach of contract or warranty, canceled contracts, product liability, or bankruptcy-related claims. For legal proceedings in which a loss is probable and estimable, the Company accrues a loss based on the low end of the range of estimated loss when there is no better estimate within the range. If the Company were found to be liable for any of the claims or counterclaims against it, the Company would incur a charge against earnings for amounts in excess of legal accruals.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 31,586	$ 30,864	$ 87,566	$ 88,673

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 28, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies	Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements or in the application of accounting policies, if business conditions were different, or if the Company were to use different estimates and assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash The Company's restricted cash generally serves as collateral for bank guarantees associated with providing assurance to customers that the Company will fulfill certain customer obligations entered into in the normal course of business and for certain banker's acceptance drafts issued to vendors. The majority of these restrictions will expire over the next twelve months.
Intangible Assets, Net	Intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Subsequent impairment charges are reflected as a reduction in the gross balance, as applicable. Definite-lived intangible assets are stated net of accumulated amortization and currency translation in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company amortizes definite-lived intangible assets over lives that have been determined based on the anticipated cash flow benefits of the intangible asset.
Warranty Obligations	Warranty Obligations The Company's contracts covering the sale of its products include warranty provisions that provide assurance to its customers that the products will comply with agreed-upon specifications during a defined period of time. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time of sale based on historical occurrence rates and repair costs, as well as knowledge of any specific warranty problems that indicate projected warranty costs may vary from historical patterns. The Company negotiates the terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and applications. The Company's liability for warranties is included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Most of the Company’s revenue relates to products and services that require minimal customization and is recognized at a point in time for each performance obligation under the contract when the customer obtains control of the goods or service. The remaining portion of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time based on an input method that compares the costs incurred to date to the total expected costs required to satisfy the performance obligation. Contracts are accounted for on an over time basis when they include products which have no alternative use and an enforceable right to payment over time. Most of the contracts recognized on an over time basis are for large capital equipment projects. These projects are highly customized for the customer and, as a result, would include a significant cost to rework in the event of cancellation. The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reportable operating segment, product type and geography as this best depicts how its revenue is affected by economic factors. Contract assets represent unbilled revenue associated with revenue recognized on contracts accounted for on an over time basis, which will be billed in future periods based on the contract terms. Contract liabilities consist of short- and long-term customer deposits, advanced billings, and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is included in other current liabilities, and long-term customer deposits are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue in future periods once the revenue recognition criteria are met. The majority of the contract liabilities relate to advance payments on contracts accounted for at a point in time. These advance payments will be recognized as revenue when the Company's performance obligations have been satisfied, which typically occurs when the product has shipped and control of the asset has transferred to the customer.
Banker's Acceptance Drafts Included in Accounts Receivable	Banker's Acceptance Drafts Included in Accounts Receivable The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may sell the drafts at a discount to a third-party financial institution or transfer the drafts to vendors in settlement of current accounts payable prior to the scheduled maturity date.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), the Company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which these differences are expected to reverse. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the period in which it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance will be adjusted. It is the Company's policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management's assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. At September 28, 2024, the Company believes that it has appropriately accounted for any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established, the statute of limitations expires for a tax jurisdiction year, or the Company is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, its effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Segment Reporting - Improving Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. Under this ASU, a company is required to enhance its segment disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. This ASU also requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods. This ASU is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 28, 2024, and interim periods beginning in fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. This ASU will result in the Company including the additional disclosures in its consolidated financial statements when adopted. Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, to improve income tax disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Acquisitions	AcquisitionsThe Company’s acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the results of the acquired businesses are included in its condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Historically, acquisitions have been made at prices above the fair value of identifiable net assets, resulting in goodwill.
Stock-Based Compensation	The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date price of the Company's common stock, reduced by the present value of estimated dividends foregone during the requisite service period. For time-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value, and net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur. For performance-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award based on the grant date fair value, net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur, and remeasured each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known.The RSUs are subject to adjustment based on the achievement of the performance measure selected for the fiscal year, which is a specified target for adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (target adjusted EBITDA) generated from operations for the fiscal year. The RSUs are adjusted by comparing the actual adjusted EBITDA for the performance period to the target adjusted EBITDA. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 50% and 100% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment of 50% to 100% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 100% and 115% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment using a straight-line linear scale between 100% and 150% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA in excess of 115% results in an adjustment capped at 150% of the target RSU amount. If actual adjusted EBITDA is below 50% of the target adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 fiscal year, these performance-based RSUs will be forfeited. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the probable number of performance-based RSUs expected to vest. Following the adjustment, the performance-based RSUs will be subject to additional time-based vesting, and will vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
Forward Currency-Exchange Contracts	The Company uses forward currency-exchange contracts that generally have maturities of twelve months or less to hedge exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the Company's subsidiaries. Forward currency-exchange contracts that hedge forecasted accounts receivable or accounts payable are designated as cash flow hedges and unrecognized gains and losses are recorded to AOCI, net of tax. Deferred gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income in the period in which the underlying transaction occurs. The fair values of forward currency-exchange contracts that are designated as fair value hedges and forward currency-exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges are recognized currently in earnings.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value measurement is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows: •Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly. •Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company's own assumptions. The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial assets and liabilities, and there were no changes in valuation techniques during the first nine months of 2024. Banker's acceptance drafts are carried at face value, which approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of the negotiable instrument. The fair values of the forward currency-exchange contracts are based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. The forward currency-exchange contracts are hedges of either recorded assets or liabilities or anticipated transactions and represent the estimated amount the Company would receive or pay upon liquidation of the contracts. Changes in values of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions are not reflected in the table above. The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration through valuation models that incorporate probability adjusted assumptions and simulations related to the achievement of milestones and the likelihood of making the related payment. The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements include the probability of successful achievement of certain revenue targets, forecasted revenue, revenue volatility, and discount rates. Projected contingent consideration related to revenue-based payments are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow model. Changes to the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes to one or multiple inputs, including the discount rate, projected revenue, revenue volatility, and the assumed probabilities of successful achievement of certain revenue targets. The carrying value of the Company's revolving credit facility approximates the fair value as the obligation bears variable rates of interest, which adjust frequently, based on prevailing market rates. The fair value of the senior promissory notes is primarily calculated based on quoted market rates plus an applicable margin available to the Company at the respective period end, which represent Level 2 measurements.
Litigation	Litigation From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation may include, but is not limited to, claims and counterclaims by and against the Company for breach of contract or warranty, canceled contracts, product liability, or bankruptcy-related claims. For legal proceedings in which a loss is probable and estimable, the Company accrues a loss based on the low end of the range of estimated loss when there is no better estimate within the range. If the Company were found to be liable for any of the claims or counterclaims against it, the Company would incur a charge against earnings for amounts in excess of legal accruals.

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash Paid for Interest	$	15,034	$	6,341
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	33,288	$	34,037

Non-Cash Investing Activities (Note 2):
Fair value of assets acquired (adjusted)	$	360,021	$	(270)
Fair value of liabilities assumed	$	35,575	$	7
Fair value of noncontrolling interest acquired	$	9,319	$	—
Fair value of contingent consideration	$	1,785	$	—
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable	$	590	$	749


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Company common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$	5,364	$	4,951
Dividends declared but unpaid	$	3,759	$	3,395

Cash and Cash Equivalents


(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		December 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,407	$	76,793	$	103,832	$	76,371
Restricted cash	1,327		2,260		2,621		3,354
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$	89,734	$	79,053	$	106,453	$	79,725

Restricted Cash


(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		December 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,407	$	76,793	$	103,832	$	76,371
Restricted cash	1,327		2,260		2,621		3,354
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$	89,734	$	79,053	$	106,453	$	79,725

Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Raw Materials	$	69,672	$	66,738
Work in Process	37,767		32,147
Finished Goods (includes $804 and $5,182 at customer locations)	61,813		53,792
	$	169,252	$	152,677

Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired intangible assets by major asset class are as follows:


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
September 28, 2024
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	333,966	$	(122,730)	$	(5,558)	$	205,678
Product technology	92,535		(47,816)		(2,157)		42,562
Tradenames	16,579		(4,860)		(380)		11,339
Other	24,721		(20,129)		(571)		4,021
	467,801		(195,535)		(8,666)		263,600
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(448)		28,611
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	496,860	$	(195,535)	$	(9,114)	$	292,211


(In thousands)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Currency Translation		Net
December 30, 2023
Definite-Lived
Customer relationships	$	218,959	$	(108,519)	$	(5,562)	$	104,878
Product technology	67,576		(43,786)		(2,367)		21,423
Tradenames	7,039		(4,262)		(388)		2,389
Other	20,320		(17,715)		(604)		2,001
	313,894		(174,282)		(8,921)		130,691
Indefinite-Lived
Tradenames	29,059		—		(464)		28,595
Acquired Intangible Assets	$	342,953	$	(174,282)	$	(9,385)	$	159,286

Changes in the Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows:


(In thousands)	Flow Control		Industrial Processing		Material Handling		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023
Gross balance	$	120,782	$	212,732	$	144,108	$	477,622
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	120,782		127,194		144,108		392,084
2024 Activity
Acquisitions (Note 2)	16,018		36,405		47,808		100,231
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	—		(22)		—		(22)
Currency translation	767		(680)		725		812
Total 2024 activity	16,785		35,703		48,533		101,021
Balance at September 28, 2024
Gross balance	137,567		248,435		192,641		578,643
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(85,538)		—		(85,538)
Net balance	$	137,567	$	162,897	$	192,641	$	493,105

Changes in the Carrying Amount of Product Warranty Obligations

The changes in the carrying amount of product warranty obligations are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Balance at Beginning of Year	$	8,154	$	7,283
Provision charged to expense	4,463		4,879
Usage	(2,972)		(3,391)
Acquisitions	473		—
Currency translation	37		(90)
Balance at End of Period	$	10,155	$	8,681

Revenue Recognition Method and Disaggregation of Revenue by Product Type and Geography

The following table presents revenue by revenue recognition method:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Point in Time	$	238,971	$	216,956	$	701,199	$	643,430
Over Time	32,643		27,226		94,155		75,563
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue by product type and geography:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue by Product Type:
Parts and consumables	$	176,961	$	149,564	$	520,836	$	454,209
Capital	94,653		94,618		274,518		264,784
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993
Revenue by Geography (based on customer location):
North America	$	172,186	$	133,780	501,220		401,618
Europe	57,309		66,491		176,289		181,273
Asia	26,724		27,393		74,248		88,030
Rest of world	15,395		16,518		43,597		48,072
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

Contract Balances From Contracts With Customers

The following table presents contract balances from contracts with customers:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Contract Assets	$	14,534	$	8,366
Contract Liabilities	$	58,324	$	79,397

Acquisition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Summary of Net Assets and Noncontrolling Interests Acquired

The following table summarizes the aggregate purchase price and estimated fair values of the net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired related to the 2024 acquisitions:


(In thousands)	Total
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	11,509
Accounts Receivable	12,143
Inventories	27,461
Other Current Assets	3,472
Property, Plant, and Equipment	37,061
Other Assets	14,249
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Customer relationships	114,995
Product technology	24,959
Tradenames	9,540
Other	4,401
Goodwill	100,231
Total assets acquired	360,021

Accounts Payable	3,316
Customer Deposits	3,275
Other Current Liabilities	9,895
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes	5,455
Other Long-Term Liabilities	13,634
Total liabilities assumed	35,575
Noncontrolling interests acquired	9,319
Net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired	$	315,127

Purchase Price:
Cash Paid	$	313,533
Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Note 10)	1,785
Estimated Remaining Post-closing Adjustments, Net	(191)
	$	315,127

Revenue and Operating Income

Revenue and operating income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2024 associated with the 2024 acquisitions from their respective acquisition dates, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Three Months Ended September 28, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 28, 2024
Revenue	$	30,477	$	82,075
Operating Income (a)	$	1,651	$	4,258

Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Information


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023

Revenue	$	271,614	$	278,202	$	806,946	$	821,052
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	33,497	$	28,973	$	92,264	$	80,131
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant
Basic	$	2.85	$	2.48	$	7.86	$	6.85
Diluted	$	2.84	$	2.47	$	7.84	$	6.84

Other Costs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Accrued Restructuring Costs Included in Other Current Liabilities

A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet is as follows:


(In thousands)	Severance Costs		Contract Termination Costs		Total

2023 Restructuring Plan
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	201	$	313	$	514

Usage	(195)		(303)		(498)
Currency translation	(6)		(10)		(16)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	—	$	—	$	—

Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) were calculated as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 28, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$	31,586	$	30,864	$	87,566	$	88,673

Basic Weighted Average Shares	11,745		11,706		11,737		11,697
Effect of Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares	35		34		26		22
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	11,780		11,740		11,763		11,719

Basic Earnings per Share	$	2.69	$	2.64	$	7.46	$	7.58

Diluted Earnings per Share	$	2.68	$	2.63	$	7.44	$	7.57

Long-Term Obligations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Obligations

Long-term obligations are as follows:


	September 28, 2024		December 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027	$	314,467	$	98,761
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028	8,330		8,330
Finance Leases, due 2024 to 2029	1,931		1,789
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028	1,704		1,995
Total	326,432		110,875
Less: Current Maturities of Long-Term Obligations	(3,263)		(3,209)
Long-Term Obligations	$	323,169	$	107,666

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items

Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive items (AOCI), net of tax, are as follows:


(In thousands)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments		Deferred Loss on Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance at December 30, 2023	$	(43,013)	$	(11)	$	(38)	$	(43,062)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications	(1,761)		1		—		(1,760)
Reclassifications from AOCI	—		6		38		44
Net current period other comprehensive items	(1,761)		7		38		(1,716)
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	(44,774)	$	(4)	$	—	$	(44,778)

Derivatives (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet:


		September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount (b)		Asset (Liability) (a)		Notional Amount
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in a Liability Position:
Forward currency-exchange contract	Other Current Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	(51)	$	430

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Derivatives in an Asset Position:
Forward currency-exchange contracts	Other Current Assets	$	28	$	839	$	8	$	701

(a) See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.

(b) The 2024 notional amounts are indicative of the level of the Company's recurring derivative activity.

Activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items (AOCI)


(In thousands)	Total
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at December 30, 2023	$	(38)

Loss recognized in AOCI	38
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at September 28, 2024	$	—

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Fair Value as of September 28, 2024
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	15,071	$	—	$	—	$	15,071
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	6,707	$	—	$	6,707
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Liabilities:


Contingent consideration (Note 2 ) (b)	$	—	$	—	$	1,862	$	1,862


	Fair Value as of December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$	14,795	$	—	$	—	$	14,795
Banker's acceptance drafts (a)	$	—	$	10,826	$	—	$	10,826
Forward currency-exchange contracts	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8
Liabilities:
Forward currency-exchange contract	$	—	$	51	$	—	$	51

(a)Included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(b)Included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

The following table provides a rollforward of the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration as determined by level 3 inputs:


(In thousands)	Total
Balance Measured at Inception (Note 2 )	$	1,785


Currency translation	77
Balance at September 28, 2024	$	1,862

Carrying Value and Fair Value of Debt Obligations

The carrying value and fair value of debt obligations, excluding lease obligations, are as follows:


	September 28, 2024				December 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt Obligations:
Revolving credit facility	$	314,467	$	314,467	$	98,761	$	98,761
Senior promissory notes	8,330		8,370		8,330		8,182
Other	1,704		1,704		1,995		1,995
	$	324,501	$	324,541	$	109,086	$	108,938

Business Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment Reporting Information


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28,		September 30,		September 28,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue
Flow Control	$	97,521	$	90,798	$	276,493	$	276,048
Industrial Processing	110,696		94,220		331,310		267,729
Material Handling	63,397		59,164		187,551		175,216
	$	271,614	$	244,182	$	795,354	$	718,993

Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Flow Control (a)	$	24,281	$	24,246	$	69,521	$	74,256
Industrial Processing (b)	25,969		19,023		70,060		51,968
Material Handling (c)	8,793		10,345		25,522		30,006
Corporate (d)	(10,056)		(10,070)		(30,788)		(29,494)
Total operating income	48,987		43,544		134,315		126,736
Interest expense, net (e)	(5,109)		(1,669)		(14,000)		(5,669)
Other expense, net	(16)		(20)		(48)		(62)
	$	43,862	$	41,855	$	120,267	$	121,005

Capital Expenditures
Flow Control	$	1,894	$	1,195	$	5,729	$	3,889
Industrial Processing	1,209		7,299		5,943		16,007
Material Handling	1,074		350		3,737		2,170
Corporate	8		4		21		28
	$	4,185	$	8,848	$	15,430	$	22,094


	September 28,		December 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Total Assets
Flow Control	$	456,173	$	391,719
Industrial Processing	591,740		443,189
Material Handling	429,204		326,226
Corporate	12,223		14,531
	$	1,489,340	$	1,175,665

(c)Includes acquisition-related costs of $302,000 in the third quarter of 2024 and $3,393,000 in the nine months ended September 28, 2024.

(d)Represents general and administrative expenses.

(e)The Company does not allocate interest expense, net to its segments.

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Number of reportable operating segments \| segment			3
Number of operating segments \| segment			3
Bank guarantees, expiration period (in months)			12 months
Revenue recognized	$ 8,897	$ 9,613	$ 66,036	$ 56,841
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	25,268		$ 25,268
Banker's acceptance drafts, maturity period (in months)			6 months
Banker's acceptance drafts	6,707		$ 6,707		$ 10,826
2024 Acquisitions
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Intangible assets from acquisition	$ 153,895		$ 153,895
Certain Capital Contracts
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Lead time for for certain capital contracts (up to) (in months)			24 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-09-29
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percent	56.00%		56.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months		12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-09-28
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percent	44.00%		44.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash Paid for Interest	$ 15,034	$ 6,341
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	33,288	34,037
Non-Cash Investing Activities (Note 2):
Fair value of assets acquired (adjusted)	360,021	(270)
Fair value of liabilities assumed	35,575	7
Fair value of noncontrolling interest acquired	9,319	0
Fair value of contingent consideration	1,785	0
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable	590	749
Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Company common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	5,364	4,951
Dividends declared but unpaid	$ 3,759	$ 3,395

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 88,407	$ 103,832	$ 76,793	$ 76,371
Restricted cash	1,327	2,621	2,260	3,354
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	$ 89,734	$ 106,453	$ 79,053	$ 79,725

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Raw Materials	$ 69,672	$ 66,738
Work in Process	37,767	32,147
Finished Goods (includes $804 and $5,182 at customer locations)	61,813	53,792
Total Inventories	169,252	152,677
Finished goods, at customer locations	$ 804	$ 5,182

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Definite-Lived
Gross	$ 467,801	$ 313,894
Accumulated Amortization	(195,535)	(174,282)
Currency Translation	(8,666)	(8,921)
Net	263,600	130,691
Acquired Intangible Assets
Gross	496,860	342,953
Accumulated Amortization	(195,535)	(174,282)
Currency Translation	(9,114)	(9,385)
Net	292,211	159,286
Tradenames
Indefinite-Lived
Gross	29,059	29,059
Currency Translation	(448)	(464)
Net	28,611	28,595
Customer relationships
Definite-Lived
Gross	333,966	218,959
Accumulated Amortization	(122,730)	(108,519)
Currency Translation	(5,558)	(5,562)
Net	205,678	104,878
Acquired Intangible Assets
Accumulated Amortization	(122,730)	(108,519)
Product technology
Definite-Lived
Gross	92,535	67,576
Accumulated Amortization	(47,816)	(43,786)
Currency Translation	(2,157)	(2,367)
Net	42,562	21,423
Acquired Intangible Assets
Accumulated Amortization	(47,816)	(43,786)
Tradenames
Definite-Lived
Gross	16,579	7,039
Accumulated Amortization	(4,860)	(4,262)
Currency Translation	(380)	(388)
Net	11,339	2,389
Acquired Intangible Assets
Accumulated Amortization	(4,860)	(4,262)
Other
Definite-Lived
Gross	24,721	20,320
Accumulated Amortization	(20,129)	(17,715)
Currency Translation	(571)	(604)
Net	4,021	2,001
Acquired Intangible Assets
Accumulated Amortization	$ (20,129)	$ (17,715)

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Gross balance, beginning balance	$ 477,622
Accumulated impairment losses	(85,538)
Net balance, beginning balance	392,084
Acquisitions (Note 2)	100,231
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	(22)
Currency translation	812
Total 2024 activity	101,021
Gross balance, ending balance	578,643
Accumulated impairment losses	(85,538)
Net balance, ending balance	493,105
Operating Segment \| Flow Control
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Gross balance, beginning balance	120,782
Accumulated impairment losses	0
Net balance, beginning balance	120,782
Acquisitions (Note 2)	16,018
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	0
Currency translation	767
Total 2024 activity	16,785
Gross balance, ending balance	137,567
Accumulated impairment losses	0
Net balance, ending balance	137,567
Operating Segment \| Industrial Processing
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Gross balance, beginning balance	212,732
Accumulated impairment losses	(85,538)
Net balance, beginning balance	127,194
Acquisitions (Note 2)	36,405
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	(22)
Currency translation	(680)
Total 2024 activity	35,703
Gross balance, ending balance	248,435
Accumulated impairment losses	(85,538)
Net balance, ending balance	162,897
Operating Segment \| Material Handling
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Gross balance, beginning balance	144,108
Accumulated impairment losses	0
Net balance, beginning balance	144,108
Acquisitions (Note 2)	47,808
Measurement period adjustment for 2023 acquisition	0
Currency translation	725
Total 2024 activity	48,533
Gross balance, ending balance	192,641
Accumulated impairment losses	0
Net balance, ending balance	$ 192,641

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warranty Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Changes in the carrying amount of accrued warranty costs [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 8,154	$ 7,283
Provision charged to expense	4,463	4,879
Usage	(2,972)	(3,391)
Acquisitions	473	0
Currency translation	37	(90)
Balance at End of Period	$ 10,155	$ 8,681

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition Method and Disaggregation of Revenue by Product Type and Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 271,614	$ 244,182	$ 795,354	$ 718,993
North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	172,186	133,780	501,220	401,618
Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	57,309	66,491	176,289	181,273
Asia
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	26,724	27,393	74,248	88,030
Rest of world
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	15,395	16,518	43,597	48,072
Parts and consumables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	176,961	149,564	520,836	454,209
Capital
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	94,653	94,618	274,518	264,784
Point in Time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	238,971	216,956	701,199	643,430
Over Time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 32,643	$ 27,226	$ 94,155	$ 75,563

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue from Contract with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Contract Assets	$ 14,534	$ 8,366
Contract Liabilities	$ 58,324	$ 79,397

Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands							3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 21, 2024	May 31, 2024	May 06, 2024	May 02, 2024	Jan. 24, 2024	Jan. 01, 2024	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Aug. 31, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired									$ 302,024	$ (277)
Revenue							$ 271,614	$ 244,182	795,354	718,993
Goodwill							493,105		493,105					$ 392,084
Noncontrolling interest acquired									9,319
Acquisition of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest									523	$ 0
Key Knife, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue												$ 65,000
KWS
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue												$ 45,000
DSTI
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue											$ 25,000
2024 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition transaction costs							469		2,533
Goodwill							100,231		100,231
Consideration transferred									315,127
Cash paid for acquisition									313,533
Other assets							14,249		$ 14,249
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)									17 years
2024 Acquisitions \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)									18 years
2024 Acquisitions \| Product technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)									12 years
2024 Acquisitions \| Tradenames
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)									20 years
Key Knife, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired						$ 153,386
Goodwill							36,203		$ 36,203
Goodwill, expected to be tax deductible						$ 29,479
Goodwill, expected deductible term (in years)						15 years
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired							91,620		91,620
Intangible assets other than goodwill, expected tax deductible amount						$ 77,400
Intangible assets other than goodwill, expected deductible term (in years)						15 years
Percentage acquired						45.00%
Noncontrolling interest acquired						$ 9,319
Acquisition of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest			$ 523
KWS
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill							38,207		38,207
Goodwill, expected to be tax deductible					$ 38,207
Goodwill, expected deductible term (in years)					15 years
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired					$ 28,500
Intangible assets other than goodwill, expected tax deductible amount					28,500
Consideration transferred					81,247
Cash paid for acquisition					81,009
Overdraft					$ 238
DSTI
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired		$ 53,661
Goodwill							15,580		15,580
Goodwill, expected to be tax deductible		$ 15,251
Goodwill, expected deductible term (in years)		15 years
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired							$ 24,290		$ 24,290
Intangible assets other than goodwill, expected tax deductible amount		$ 24,290
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired				$ 3,352
Consideration transferred	$ 11,829
Cash paid for acquisition	8,623
Post closing adjustments	$ 1,421
Post-closing adjustment period (in months)	18 months
Contingent consideration, liability	$ 1,785
Contingent consideration	$ 12,068
Other assets													$ 1,755

Acquisitions - Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 21, 2024	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Aug. 31, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 493,105			$ 392,084
Purchase Price:
Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Note 10)		1,785	$ 0
2024 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and Cash Equivalents		11,509
Accounts Receivable		12,143
Inventories		27,461
Other Current Assets		3,472
Property, Plant, and Equipment		37,061
Other Assets		14,249
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		153,895
Goodwill		100,231
Total assets acquired		360,021
Accounts Payable		3,316
Customer Deposits		3,275
Other Current Liabilities		9,895
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes		5,455
Other Long-Term Liabilities		13,634
Total liabilities assumed		35,575
Noncontrolling interests acquired		9,319
Net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired		315,127
Purchase Price:
Cash Paid		313,533
Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Note 10)		1,785
Estimated Remaining Post-closing Adjustments, Net		(191)
Consideration transferred		315,127
2024 Acquisitions \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		114,995
2024 Acquisitions \| Product technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		24,959
2024 Acquisitions \| Tradenames
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		9,540
2024 Acquisitions \| Other
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets		$ 4,401
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other Assets				$ 1,755
Purchase Price:
Cash Paid	$ 8,623
Consideration transferred	$ 11,829

Acquisitions - Revenue and Operating Income (Details) - 2024 Acquisitions - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 28, 2024
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 30,477	$ 82,075
Operating Income	1,651	4,258
Amortization expense associated with acquired profit in inventory and backlog	$ 1,892	$ 6,246

Acquisitions - Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in cost of revenue	$ 150,175	$ 138,456	$ 441,066	$ 404,671
Increase (decrease) in selling, general, and administrative expenses	69,043	57,889	209,352	176,441
2024 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	271,614	278,202	806,946	821,052
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 33,497	$ 28,973	$ 92,264	$ 80,131
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.85	$ 2.48	$ 7.86	$ 6.85
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.84	$ 2.47	$ 7.84	$ 6.84
2024 Acquisitions \| Fair Value Adjustment to Inventory
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in cost of revenue		$ 1,181		$ 4,745
2024 Acquisitions \| Adjustment, Fair Value Adjustment To Inventory
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in cost of revenue	$ (1,181)		$ (4,041)
2024 Acquisitions \| Acquisition-Related Costs And Intangible Asset Amortization
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in selling, general, and administrative expenses		$ 412		2,535
2024 Acquisitions \| Adjustment, Acquisition-Related Costs And Intangible Asset Amortization
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in selling, general, and administrative expenses	(680)		(1,855)
2024 Acquisitions \| Acquisition-related Costs
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in selling, general, and administrative expenses				$ 2,533
2024 Acquisitions \| Adjustment, Acquisition-Related Costs
Pro Forma Information
Increase (decrease) in selling, general, and administrative expenses	$ (469)		$ (2,533)

Other Costs (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
Other Costs (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) employee	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) employee
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and related cost	$ 0		$ 969	$ 0	$ 1,043
2023 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance				514
Usage				(498)
Currency translation				(16)
Ending balance	0	$ 514		0
Industrial Processing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and related cost			535		609
Flow Control
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and impairment costs			$ 434		$ 434
Restructuring costs		366
Number of positions eliminated related to restructuring (employee) \| employee			10		10
Asset write-downs			$ 36		$ 36
Severance Costs \| 2023 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance				201
Usage				(195)
Currency translation				(6)
Ending balance	0	201		0
Severance Costs \| Flow Control
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			369		369
Facility And Other Closure Costs \| Flow Control
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs			$ 29		$ 29
Contract Termination Costs \| 2023 Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance				313
Usage				(303)
Currency translation				(10)
Ending balance	$ 0	$ 313		$ 0

Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Amounts Attributable to Parent, Disclosures [Abstract]
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 31,586	$ 30,864	$ 87,566	$ 88,673
Basic Weighted Average Shares	11,745	11,706	11,737	11,697
Effect of Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares	35	34	26	22
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	11,780	11,740	11,763	11,719
Basic Earnings per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.69	$ 2.64	$ 7.46	$ 7.58
Diluted Earnings per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.68	$ 2.63	$ 7.44	$ 7.57

Earnings per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Amount of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of EPS (in shares)	5	5	21	23

Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 11,964	$ 10,816	$ 31,810	$ 31,761
Effective tax rate			26.00%	26.00%

Long-Term Obligations - Schedule of Long-Term Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance Leases, due 2024 to 2029	$ 1,931	$ 1,789
Total	326,432	110,875
Less: Current Maturities of Long-Term Obligations	(3,263)	(3,209)
Long-Term Obligations	323,169	107,666
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	314,467	98,761
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	8,330	8,330
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028	$ 1,704	$ 1,995

Long-Term Obligations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Long-Term Obligations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 30, 2023	Dec. 29, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowings under Credit Agreement	$ 305,211,000	$ 0
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 314,467,000		$ 98,761,000
Weighted average interest rate for revolving credit facility (as a percentage)	5.82%		5.24%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity available under committed portion	$ 400,000,000
Additional borrowing capacity under uncommitted portion	200,000,000
Maximum amount of unrestricted cash	$ 50,000,000
Maximum consolidated leverage ratio	3.75
Maximum consolidated leverage ratio upon material acquisition	4.25
Borrowings under Credit Agreement	$ 305,211,000
Long-term debt	314,467,000
Remaining borrowing capacity	85,321,000
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Euro-Denominated Borrowing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 76,467,000
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Minimum \| Credit Agreement \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	0.125%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Maximum \| Credit Agreement \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	0.35%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Base Rate \| Minimum \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percentage)	0.00%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Base Rate \| Maximum \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percentage)	1.25%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Eurocurrency Rate, Term SOFR, Term CORRA, And RFR \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percentage)	0.10%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Eurocurrency Rate, Term SOFR, Term CORRA, And RFR \| Minimum \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percentage)	1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 \| Eurocurrency Rate, Term SOFR, Term CORRA, And RFR \| Maximum \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percentage)	2.25%
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 8,330,000		$ 8,330,000
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028 \| Note Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 10,000,000
Fixed interest rate				4.90%

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 15, 2024	Mar. 06, 2024	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 2,627	$ 2,357	$ 7,926	$ 7,243
Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock awards			$ 11,319		$ 11,319
Weighted average period (in years)					1 year 8 months 12 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted in period (in shares)	3,030
Aggregate grant date fair value	$ 849
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentages	50.00%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentages	25.00%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentages	25.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted in period (in shares)		18,643
Grant date fair value of shares granted		$ 5,917
Vesting period (in years)		3 years
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Minimum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award Component One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		50.00%
Adjustment to RSU		50.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Minimum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Component Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		100.00%
Adjustment to RSU		100.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Minimum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Component Four
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		50.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Maximum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award Component One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		100.00%
Adjustment to RSU		100.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Maximum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Component Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		115.00%
Adjustment to RSU		150.00%
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units \| Maximum \| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Component Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of actual adjusted EBITDA		115.00%
Adjustment to RSU		150.00%
Time Based Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted in period (in shares)		14,109
Grant date fair value of shares granted		$ 4,461
Vesting period (in years)		3 years

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items - Components of AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 818,386	$ 713,025	$ 776,240	$ 655,571
Other comprehensive items	13,647	(9,108)	(1,736)	(4,041)
Ending balance	862,786	733,917	862,786	733,917
Total
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(58,359)	(49,547)	(43,062)	(54,578)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications			(1,760)
Reclassifications from AOCI			44
Other comprehensive items	13,581	(9,044)	(1,716)	(4,013)
Ending balance	(44,778)	$ (58,591)	(44,778)	$ (58,591)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			(43,013)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications			(1,761)
Reclassifications from AOCI			0
Other comprehensive items			(1,761)
Ending balance	(44,774)		(44,774)
Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			(11)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications			1
Reclassifications from AOCI			6
Other comprehensive items			7
Ending balance	(4)		(4)
Deferred Loss on Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance			(38)
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications			0
Reclassifications from AOCI			38
Other comprehensive items			38
Ending balance	$ 0		$ 0

Derivatives - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
Derivatives - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 28, 2024
Cash Flow Hedging \| Forward Currency-Exchange Contract \| Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Period over which entity manages its level of exposure of risk	12 months

Derivatives - Fair Value of Derivative Instruments (Details) - Forward currency-exchange contract - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives in a Liability Position:
Derivative liability, fair value, gross liability	$ 0	$ (51)
Derivative liability, notional amount	0	430
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives in an Asset Position:
Derivative asset, fair value, gross asset	28	8
Derivative asset, notional amount	$ 839	$ 701

Derivatives - Activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items (OCI) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 776,240
Ending balance	862,786
Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(38)
Loss recognized in AOCI	(38)
Ending balance	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	$ 15,071	$ 14,795
Banker's acceptance drafts	6,707	10,826
Forward currency-exchange contracts	28	8
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	1,862
Forward currency-exchange contracts		51
Level 1
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	15,071	14,795
Banker's acceptance drafts	0	0
Forward currency-exchange contracts	0	0
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Forward currency-exchange contracts		0
Level 2
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	0	0
Banker's acceptance drafts	6,707	10,826
Forward currency-exchange contracts	28	8
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0
Forward currency-exchange contracts		51
Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds and time deposits	0	0
Banker's acceptance drafts	0	0
Forward currency-exchange contracts	0	0
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$ 1,862
Forward currency-exchange contracts		$ 0

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Contingent Consideration (Details) - Contingent Consideration Liability $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance Measured at Inception	$ 1,785
Currency translation	77
Ending Balance Measured at Inception	$ 1,862

Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Carrying Value and Fair Value of Debt Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Carrying Value
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	$ 324,501	$ 109,086
Carrying Value \| Revolving credit facility
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	314,467	98,761
Carrying Value \| Senior promissory notes
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	8,330	8,330
Carrying Value \| Other
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	1,704	1,995
Fair Value
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	324,541	108,938
Fair Value \| Revolving credit facility
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	314,467	98,761
Fair Value \| Senior promissory notes
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	8,370	8,182
Fair Value \| Other
Debt Obligations:
Debt obligations	$ 1,704	$ 1,995

Business Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Business Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 28, 2024 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable operating segments \| segment			3
Number of operating segments \| segment			3
Revenue
Revenue	$ 271,614	$ 244,182	$ 795,354	$ 718,993
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Total operating income	48,987	43,544	134,315	126,736
Interest expense, net	(5,109)	(1,669)	(14,000)	(5,669)
Other expense, net	(16)	(20)	(48)	(62)
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes	43,862	41,855	120,267	121,005
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures	4,185	8,848	15,430	22,094
Total Assets
Total assets	1,489,340		1,489,340		$ 1,175,665
Relocation cost	0	969	0	1,043
Flow Control
Total Assets
Acquisition transaction costs, inclusive of acquisition costs, amortization expense with acquired profit in inventory and backlog	1,428		2,482
Restructuring and impairment costs		434		434
Industrial Processing
Total Assets
Acquisition transaction costs, inclusive of acquisition costs, amortization expense with acquired profit in inventory and backlog	631		2,904
Relocation cost		535		609
Material Handling
Total Assets
Acquisition transaction costs, inclusive of acquisition costs, amortization expense with acquired profit in inventory and backlog	302		3,393
Operating Segment \| Flow Control
Revenue
Revenue	97,521	90,798	276,493	276,048
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Total operating income	24,281	24,246	69,521	74,256
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures	1,894	1,195	5,729	3,889
Total Assets
Total assets	456,173		456,173		391,719
Operating Segment \| Industrial Processing
Revenue
Revenue	110,696	94,220	331,310	267,729
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Total operating income	25,969	19,023	70,060	51,968
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures	1,209	7,299	5,943	16,007
Total Assets
Total assets	591,740		591,740		443,189
Operating Segment \| Material Handling
Revenue
Revenue	63,397	59,164	187,551	175,216
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Total operating income	8,793	10,345	25,522	30,006
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures	1,074	350	3,737	2,170
Total Assets
Total assets	429,204		429,204		326,226
Corporate
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
Total operating income	(10,056)	(10,070)	(30,788)	(29,494)
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures	8	$ 4	21	$ 28
Total Assets
Total assets	$ 12,223		$ 12,223		$ 14,531

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 28, 2024	Dec. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Banker's acceptance drafts, maturity period (in months)	6 months
Banker's acceptance drafts with recourse	$ 10,476	$ 9,090

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