Form 8-K - Current report

Share Name	Share Symbol	Market	Type
Discover Financial Services	NYSE:DFS	NYSE	Common Stock

	Price Change	% Change	Share Price	High Price	Low Price	Open Price	Shares Traded	Last Trade
	0.00	0.00%	137.06				0	09:01:43

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 8-K

Current Report

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 18, 2023

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commission File Number: 001-33378


Delaware						36-2517428
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)

2500 Lake Cook Road, Riverwoods, Illinois 60015

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(224) 405-0900

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:


☐			Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)


☐			Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)


☐			Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))


☐			Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	DFS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On October 18, 2023, Discover Financial Services (the “Company”) released financial information with respect to the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Copies of the press release, financial data supplement and financial results presentation containing this information are attached hereto as exhibits and incorporated herein by reference.

The information contained in this Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including the exhibits, is furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except as shall be expressly stated by specific reference in such filing.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits



Exhibit No.						Description
99.1						Press Release of the Company dated October 18, 2023 containing financial information for the quarter ended September 30, 2023
99.2						Financial Data Supplement of the Company for the quarter and the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
99.3						Financial Results Presentation of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2023
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File — the cover page from this Current Report on Form 8-K, formatted as Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

Dated: October 18, 2023

By:

/s/ Hope D. Mehlman

Name: Hope D. Mehlman

Title: Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

Exhibit 99.1

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES REPORTS THIRD QUARTER 2023 NET INCOME OF $683 MILLION

OR $2.59 PER DILUTED SHARE

BOARD OF DIRECTORS DECLARES QUARTERLY DIVIDEND FOR COMMON STOCK


Third Quarter 2023 Results
	2023	2022(1)	YOY Change
Total loans, end of period (in billions)	$122.7	$104.9	17%
Total revenue net of interest expense (in millions)	$4,044	$3,468	17%
Total net charge-off rate	3.52%	1.71%	181 bps
Net income/(loss) (in millions)	$683	$1,013	(33%)
Diluted EPS	$2.59	$3.56	(27%)

Note(s)

1. The comparative prior quarter ended September 30, 2022 has been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See

Reconciliation of Prior Periods in the Financial Supplement for reconciliation to previously reported results

Riverwoods, IL, October 18, 2023 - Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS) today reported net income of $683 million or $2.59 per diluted share for the third quarter of 2023, as compared to a net income of $1.0 billion or $3.56 per diluted share for the third quarter of 2022.

“The quarter was characterized by strong growth in revenues, receivables and deposits, while credit continued to season with charge-offs within expected ranges,” said John Owen, Discover’s interim CEO and President. “These results underscore the strength of our business model, the power of our brand, and our commitment to providing best-in-class customer service while enhancing our compliance and risk management capabilities, which remains our top priority.”

Segment Results

Digital Banking

Digital Banking pretax income of $803 million for the quarter was $471 million lower than the prior year period reflecting a higher provision for credit losses and higher operating expenses, partially offset by increased revenue net of interest expense.

Total loans ended the quarter at $122.7 billion, up 17% year-over-year, and up 4% sequentially. Credit card loans ended the quarter at $97.4 billion, up 16% year-over-year. Personal loans increased $1.9 billion, or 25%, and private student loans increased $99 million, or 1%, year-over-year. The organic student loan portfolio, which excludes purchased loans, increased $241 million, or 2% from the prior year period.

Net interest income for the quarter increased $479 million, or 17% driven by higher average receivables partially offset by net interest margin compression. Net interest margin was 10.95%, down 10 basis points versus the prior year. Card yield was 15.43%, up 187 basis points from the prior year primarily driven by higher prime rate and lower payment rates, partially offset by higher interest charge-offs. Interest expense as a percent of total loans increased 225 basis points from the prior year period, primarily driven by higher funding costs.

Non-interest income increased $62 million, or 12%, from the prior year period, mainly driven by higher loan fee income and discount/interchange revenue as well as lower rewards cost driven by a change in the 5% category from restaurants to gas.

The total net charge-off rate of 3.52% was 181 basis points higher versus the prior year period reflecting seasoning of recent vintages with higher delinquency trends. The credit card net charge-off rate was 4.03%, up 211 basis points from the prior year period and up 35 basis points from the prior quarter. The 30+ day delinquency rate for credit card loans was 3.41%, up 130 basis points year-over year and up 55 basis points from the prior quarter. The student loan net charge-off rate was 1.32%, up 41

basis points from the prior year and up 7 basis points from the prior quarter. Personal loans net charge-off rate of 2.63% was up 149 basis points from the prior year and up 35 basis points from the prior quarter.

Provision for credit losses of $1.7 billion increased $929 million from the prior year driven by a $297 million higher reserve build in the current quarter and a $631 million increase in net-charge offs.

Total operating expenses were up $83 million year-over year, or 6%, primarily driven by expenses for professional fees, information processing, employee compensation and marketing. The increase in professional fees was driven by continued investment in compliance and risk management initiatives. Employee compensation increased due to higher headcount. Information processing was up due to investments in technology. Marketing increased to support deposit acquisition.

Payment Services

Payment Services pretax income of $85 million was up $32 million year-over-year primarily driven by increased PULSE revenue.

Payment Services volume was $91.8 billion, up 9% year-over-year. PULSE dollar volume was up 14% primarily driven by increased debit transaction volume. Diners Club volume was up 11% year-over-year reflecting continued strength across all regions. Network Partners volume decreased 17% from the prior year primarily reflecting lower AribaPay volume.

Dividend Declaration

The Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.70 per share of common stock payable on December 7, 2023, to holders of record at the close of business on November 22, 2023.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

The company will host a conference call to discuss its third quarter results on Thursday, October 19, 2023, at 7:00 a.m. Central Time. Interested parties can listen to the conference call via a live audio webcast at https://investorrelations.discover.com.

About Discover

Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS) is a digital banking and payment services company with one of the most recognized brands in U.S. financial services. Since its inception in 1986, the company has become one of the largest card issuers in the United States. The company issues the Discover® card, America's cash rewards pioneer, and offers private student loans, personal loans, home loans, checking and savings accounts and certificates of deposit through its banking business. It operates the Discover Global Network® comprised of Discover Network, with millions of merchants and cash access locations; PULSE®, one of the nation's leading ATM/debit networks; and Diners Club International®, a global payments network with acceptance around the world. For more information, visit www.discover.com/company.

Contacts

Investors: Media:

Eric Wasserstrom, 224-405-4555 Matthew Towson, 224-405-5649

investorrelations@discover.com matthewtowson@discover.com

A financial summary follows. Financial, statistical, and business related information, as well as information regarding business and segment trends, is included in the financial supplement filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed today with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Both the earnings release and the financial supplement are available online at the SEC's website (http://www.sec.gov) and the company's website (https://investorrelations.discover.com).

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements, which speak to our expected business and financial performance, among other matters, contain words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "aim," "will," "may," "should," "could," "would," "likely," "forecast," and similar expressions. Such statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and there is no undertaking to update or revise them as more information becomes available.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements: changes in economic variables, such as the availability of consumer credit, the housing market, energy costs, the number and size of personal bankruptcy filings, the rate of unemployment, the levels of consumer confidence and consumer debt and investor sentiment; the impact of current, pending and future legislation, regulation, supervisory guidance and regulatory and legal actions, including, but not limited to, those related to accounting guidance, tax reform, financial regulatory reform, consumer financial services practices, anti-corruption and funding, capital and liquidity; the actions and initiatives of current and potential competitors; our ability to manage our expenses; our ability to successfully achieve card acceptance across our networks and maintain relationships with network participants and merchants; our ability to sustain and grow our private student loan, personal loan and home loan products; difficulty obtaining regulatory approval for, financing, closing, transitioning, integrating or managing the expenses of acquisitions of or investments in new businesses, products or technologies; our ability to manage our credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal and compliance risk and strategic risk; the availability and cost of funding and capital; access to deposit, securitization, equity, debt and credit markets; the impact of rating agency actions; the level and volatility of equity prices, commodity prices and interest rates, currency values, investments, other market fluctuations and other market indices; losses in our investment portfolio; limits on our ability to pay dividends and repurchase our common stock; limits on our ability to receive payments from our subsidiaries; fraudulent activities or material security breaches of our or others' key systems; our ability to remain organizationally effective; our ability to increase or sustain Discover card usage or attract new customers; our ability to maintain relationships with merchants; the effect of political, economic and market conditions, geopolitical events, climate change, pandemics and unforeseen or catastrophic events; our ability to introduce new products and services; our ability to manage our relationships with third-party vendors, as well as those with which we have no direct relationship such as our employees' internet service providers; our ability to maintain current technology and integrate new and acquired systems and technology; our ability to collect amounts for disputed transactions from merchants and merchant acquirers; our ability to attract and retain employees; our ability to protect our reputation and our intellectual property; our ability to comply with regulatory requirements; and new lawsuits, investigations or similar matters or unanticipated developments related to current matters. We routinely evaluate and may pursue acquisitions of or investments in businesses, products, technologies, loan portfolios or deposits, which may involve payment in cash or our debt or equity securities.

Additional factors that could cause the company's results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found under “Risk Factors,” “Business - Competition,” “Business - Supervision and Regulation” and “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, "Risk Factors" and “Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial

Condition and Results of Operations” in the company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 which are filed with the SEC and available at the SEC's internet site (http://www.sec.gov) and subsequent reports on Forms 8-K and 10-Q, including the company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed today with the SEC.


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES																		Exhibit 99.2
EARNINGS SUMMARY 1
(unaudited, in millions, except per share statistics)
	Quarter Ended													Nine Months Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2022		2023 vs. 2022
EARNINGS SUMMARY
Interest Income	$4,610		$4,290		$4,077		$3,856		$3,357		$1,253	37	%	$12,977		$9,008		$3,969	44	%
Interest Expense	1,288		1,113		945		789		514		774	151	%	3,346		1,076		2,270	NM
Net Interest Income	3,322		3,177		3,132		3,067		2,843		479	17	%	9,631		7,932		1,699	21	%
Discount/Interchange Revenue	1,164		1,158		1,046		1,154		1,146		18	2	%	3,368		3,212		156	5	%
Rewards Cost	787		788		716		797		811		(24)	(3	%)	2,291		2,189		102	5	%
Discount and Interchange Revenue, net	377		370		330		357		335		42	13	%	1,077		1,023		54	5	%
Protection Products Revenue	42		44		43		44		42		—	—	%	129		128		1	1	%
Loan Fee Income	194		186		166		182		168		26	15	%	546		450		96	21	%
Transaction Processing Revenue	82		72		67		66		65		17	26	%	221		183		38	21	%
Gains (Losses) on Equity Investments	6		1		(18)		(6)		(4)		10	NM		(11)		(208)		197	NM
Other Income	21		28		22		11		19		2	11	%	71		64		7	11	%
Total Non-Interest Income	722		701		610		654		625		97	16	%	2,033		1,640		393	24	%

Revenue Net of Interest Expense	4,044		3,878		3,742		3,721		3,468		576	17	%	11,664		9,572		2,092	22	%

Provision for Credit Losses	1,702		1,305		1,102		883		773		929	120	%	4,109		1,476		2,633	178	%

Employee Compensation and Benefits	575		588		625		573		551		24	4	%	1,788		1,566		222	14	%
Marketing and Business Development	283		268		241		313		276		7	3	%	792		722		70	10	%
Information Processing & Communications	149		150		139		143		124		25	20	%	438		370		68	18	%
Professional Fees	281		216		232		264		241		40	17	%	729		607		122	20	%
Premises and Equipment	22		20		22		48		22		—	—	%	64		70		(6)	(9	%)
Other Expense	144		162		124		154		154		(10)	(6	%)	430		386		44	11	%
Total Operating Expense	1,454		1,404		1,383		1,495		1,368		86	6	%	4,241		3,721		520	14	%

Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes	888		1,169		1,257		1,343		1,327		(439)	(33	%)	3,314		4,375		(1,061)	(24	%)
Tax Expense	205		268		289		318		314		(109)	(35	%)	762		1,026		(264)	(26	%)
Net Income/ (Loss)	$683		$901		$968		$1,025		$1,013		($330)	(33	%)	$2,552		$3,349		($797)	(24	%)
Net Income/ (Loss) Allocated to Common Stockholders	$647		$895		$931		$1,019		$975		($328)	(34	%)	$2,473		$3,267		($794)	(24	%)

Effective Tax Rate	23.1	%	23.0	%	23.0	%	23.7	%	23.6	%				23.0	%	23.4	%

Net Interest Margin	10.95	%	11.06	%	11.34	%	11.27	%	11.05	%	(10)	bps		11.11	%	10.95	%	16	bps
Operating Efficiency	36.0	%	36.2	%	36.9	%	40.2	%	39.5	%	(350)	bps		36.4	%	38.9	%	(250)	bps
ROE	19	%	26	%	27	%	28	%	29	%				24	%	33	%
ROCE	20	%	28	%	28	%	30	%	30	%				.		34	%
Capital Returned to Common Stockholders	$169		$864		$1,365		$743		$350		($181)	(52	%)	$2,397		$2,160		$237	11	%
Payout Ratio	26	%	97	%	147	%	73	%	36	%				97	%	66	%

Ending Common Shares Outstanding	250		250		257		267		273		(23)	(8	%)	250		273		(23)	(8	%)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding	250		253		262		272		273		(23)	(8	%)	255		279		(24)	(9	%)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (fully diluted)	250		253		262		273		274		(24)	(9	%)	255		279		(24)	(9	%)

PER SHARE STATISTICS
Basic EPS	$2.59		$3.54		$3.55		$3.74		$3.57		($0.98)	(27	%)	$9.70		$11.70		($2.00)	(17	%)
Diluted EPS	$2.59		$3.54		$3.55		$3.74		$3.56		($0.97)	(27	%)	$9.69		$11.69		($2.00)	(17	%)
Common Dividends Declared Per Share	$0.70		$0.70		$0.60		$0.60		$0.60		$0.10	17	%	$2.00		$1.70		$0.30	18	%
Common Stock Price (period end)	$86.63		$116.85		$98.84		$97.83		$90.92		($4.29)	(5	%)	$86.63		$90.92		($4.29)	(5	%)
Book Value per share	$56.93		$55.44		$54.79		$53.65		$51.42		$5.51	11	%	$56.93		$51.42		$5.51	11	%
1 The comparative prior quarters ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods for reconciliation to previously reported results.
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
BALANCE SHEET SUMMARY 1
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022
BALANCE SHEET SUMMARY
Assets
Cash and Investment Securities	$22,569		$22,110		$22,411		$21,105		$18,767		$3,802		20	%
Total Loan Receivables	122,676		117,906		112,674		112,120		104,908		17,768		17	%
Allowance for Credit Losses	(8,665)		(8,064)		(7,691)		(7,374)		(7,061)		(1,604)		(23	%)
Net Loan Receivables	114,011		109,842		104,983		104,746		97,847		16,164		17	%
Premises and Equipment, net	1,084		1,053		1,031		1,003		1,015		69		7	%
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net	255		255		255		255		255		—		—	%
Other Assets	5,513		4,822		4,461		4,597		4,077		1,436		35	%
Total Assets	$143,432		$138,082		$133,141		$131,706		$121,961		$21,471		18	%

Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity
Certificates of Deposits 2	21,755		21,020		18,965		16,124		14,505		7,250		50	%
Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 2, 3	59,501		56,326		56,389		54,397		51,743		7,758		15	%
Total Direct to Consumer Deposits 2, 3	$	81,256	$	77,346	$	75,354	$	70,521	$	66,248	$	15,008	23	%
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits	22,763		21,641		20,386		21,115		16,649		6,114		37	%
Deposits	104,019		98,987		95,740		91,636		82,897		21,122		25	%
Securitized Borrowings 4	10,889		11,216		9,095		10,259		11,092		(203)		(2	%)
Other Borrowings 4	8,578		9,060		9,068		9,849		9,085		(507)		(6	%)
Borrowings	19,467		20,276		18,163		20,108		20,177		(710)		(4	%)
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	5,710		4,963		5,178		5,618		4,839		871		18	%
Total Liabilities	129,196		124,226		119,081		117,362		107,913		21,283		20	%
Total Equity	14,236		13,856		14,060		14,344		14,048		188		1	%
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$143,432		$138,082		$133,141		$131,706		$121,961		$21,471		18	%

LIQUIDITY
Liquidity Portfolio	$21,186		$20,895		$21,450		$19,798		$16,042		$5,144		32	%
Private Asset-backed Securitizations	3,500		3,500		3,500		3,500		3,500		—		—	%
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowing Capacity	2,202		2,372		2,056		1,712		2,078		124		6	%
Federal Reserve Discount Window 5	48,658		45,936		43,780		42,268		39,888		8,770		22	%
Undrawn Credit Facilities 5	54,360		51,808		49,336		47,480		45,466		8,894		20	%
Total Liquidity	$75,546		$72,703		$70,786		$67,278		$61,508		$14,038		23	%

1 The comparative prior quarters ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods for reconciliation to previously reported results.

2 Includes Affinity relationships

3 Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits and reflects both interest-bearing and non-interest bearing direct to consumer deposits

4 Includes short-term and long-term borrowings

5 Excludes investments pledged to the Federal Reserve, which is included within the liquidity portfolio

Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
BALANCE SHEET STATISTICS 1
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022
BALANCE SHEET STATISTICS
Total Common Equity	$13,180		$12,800		$13,004		$13,288		$12,992		$188	1	%
Total Common Equity/Total Assets	9.2	%	9.3	%	9.8	%	10.1	%	10.7	%
Total Common Equity/Net Loans	11.6	%	11.7	%	12.4	%	12.7	%	13.3	%

Tangible Assets	$143,177		$137,827		$132,886		$131,451		$121,706		$21,471	18	%
Tangible Common Equity 2	$12,925		$12,545		$12,749		$13,033		$12,737		$188	1	%
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets 2	9.0	%	9.1	%	9.6	%	9.9	%	10.5	%
Tangible Common Equity/Net Loans 2	11.3	%	11.4	%	12.1	%	12.4	%	13.0	%
Tangible Common Equity per share 2	$51.69		$50.19		$49.68		$48.74		$46.62		$5.07	11	%

	Basel III
	Quarter Ended
REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS 3	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio	14.1	%	14.3	%	14.7	%	15.8	%	16.4	%
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio	12.5	%	12.5	%	13.0	%	14.0	%	14.7	%
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	11.0	%	11.1	%	11.4	%	12.5	%	13.2	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	11.6	%	11.7	%	12.1	%	13.1	%	13.7	%

1 The comparative prior quarters ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods for reconciliation to previously reported results.

2 Tangible Common Equity ("TCE") is a non-GAAP measure. The Company believes TCE is a more meaningful measure to investors of the net asset value of the Company. For corresponding reconciliation of TCE to a GAAP financial measure see Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP Data schedule

3 Based on the final rule published September 30, 2020. Capital ratios reflect delay in the recognition of the impact of CECL reserves on regulatory capital for two years in accordance with the final rule

Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended
	Sep 30, 2023			Jun 30, 2023			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022
AVERAGE BALANCES
Assets
Cash and Investment Securities	$21,210			$21,251			$19,579			$19,529			$16,057			$5,153		32	%
Restricted Cash	238			75			588			393			853			(615)		(72	%)
Credit Card Loans	95,796			91,825			89,460			86,396			81,445			14,351		18	%
Private Student Loans	10,274			10,343			10,546			10,284			10,132			142		1	%
Personal Loans	9,368			8,744			8,155			7,871			7,408			1,960		26	%
Other Loans	4,942			4,347			3,888			3,485			3,050			1,892		62	%
Total Loans	120,380			115,259			112,049			108,036			102,035			18,345		18	%
Total Interest Earning Assets	141,828			136,585			132,216			127,958			118,945			22,883		19	%
Allowance for Credit Losses	(8,063)			(7,691)			(7,307)			(7,059)			(6,758)			(1,305)		(19	%)
Other Assets	7,116			6,668			6,494			6,235			5,923			1,193		20	%
Total Assets	$140,881			$135,562			$131,403			$127,134			$118,110			$22,771		19	%

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Non-Interest-bearing Direct to Consumer Deposits 1	$961			$985			$1,023			$1,062			$1,122			($161)		(14	%)
Certificates of Deposits 1	21,473			20,159			17,565			15,189			14,029			7,444		53	%
Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 1	56,797			54,776			54,386			51,703			49,332			7,465		15	%
Interest-bearing Direct to Consumer Deposits 1	$	78,270		$	74,935		$	71,951		$	66,892		$	63,361		$	14,909	24	%
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits	21,336			20,457			19,267			19,165			14,722			6,614		45	%
Total Interest-bearing Deposits	99,606			95,392			91,218			86,057			78,083			21,523		28	%
Securitized Borrowings 2	11,161			10,214			9,667			9,954			10,246			915		9	%
Other Borrowings 2	8,873			9,070			9,372			9,636			9,185			(312)		(3	%)
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities	119,640			114,676			110,257			105,647			97,514			22,126		23	%
Other Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity	20,280			19,901			20,123			20,425			19,474			806		4	%
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$140,881			$135,562			$131,403			$127,134			$118,110			$22,771		19	%

AVERAGE YIELD
Assets
Cash and Investment Securities	4.19		%	4.08		%	3.89		%	3.45		%	2.31		%	188		bps
Restricted Cash	10.65		%	10.27		%	4.05		%	2.73		%	2.25		%	840		bps
Credit Card Loans	15.43		%	15.14		%	15.06		%	14.50		%	13.56		%	187		bps
Private Student Loans	10.11		%	9.87		%	9.68		%	9.02		%	8.26		%	185		bps
Personal Loans	12.94		%	12.72		%	12.35		%	12.04		%	11.83		%	111		bps
Other Loans	6.95		%	6.81		%	6.64		%	6.16		%	5.70		%	125		bps
Total Loans	14.44		%	14.17		%	14.06		%	13.53		%	12.67		%	177		bps
Total Interest Earning Assets	12.90		%	12.60		%	12.51		%	11.96		%	11.20		%	170		bps

AVERAGE RATES
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Certificates of Deposits 1	3.84		%	3.35		%	2.65		%	1.83		%	1.31		%	253		bps
Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 1	4.30		%	3.84		%	3.41		%	2.76		%	1.60		%	270		bps
Interest-bearing Direct to Consumer Deposits 1	4.18		%	3.71		%	3.23		%	2.55		%	1.53		%	265		bps
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits	4.43		%	4.15		%	3.87		%	3.50		%	2.71		%	172		bps
Total Interest-bearing Deposits	4.23		%	3.80		%	3.36		%	2.76		%	1.76		%	247		bps
Securitized Borrowings 2	4.60		%	4.24		%	3.67		%	3.33		%	2.79		%	181		bps
Other Borrowings 2	4.32		%	4.43		%	4.40		%	4.37		%	4.17		%	15		bps
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities	4.27		%	3.89		%	3.48		%	2.96		%	2.09		%	218		bps
Net Interest Margin	10.95		%	11.06		%	11.34		%	11.27		%	11.05		%	(10)		bps
Net Yield on Interest-earning Assets	9.29		%	9.33		%	9.61		%	9.51		%	9.48		%	(19)		bps
1 Includes Affinity relationships
2 Includes short-term and long-term borrowings
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
LOAN STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended													Nine Months Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2022		2023 vs. 2022
TOTAL LOAN RECEIVABLES
Ending Loans 1	$122,676		$117,906		$112,674		$112,120		$104,908		$17,768	17	%	$122,676		$104,908		$17,768	17	%
Average Loans 1	$120,380		$115,259		$112,049		$108,036		$102,035		$18,345	18	%	$115,926		$96,855		$19,071	20	%

Interest Yield	14.44	%	14.17	%	14.06	%	13.53	%	12.67	%	177	bps		14.23	%	12.17	%	206	bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Rate	4.24	%	4.01	%	3.50	%	2.87	%	2.56	%	168	bps		3.93	%	2.65	%	128	bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate	3.52	%	3.22	%	2.72	%	2.13	%	1.71	%	181	bps		3.16	%	1.71	%	145	bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)	3.06	%	2.57	%	2.48	%	2.30	%	1.94	%	112	bps		3.06	%	1.94	%	112	bps
Delinquency Rate (90 or more days)	1.34	%	1.16	%	1.14	%	0.98	%	0.80	%	54	bps		1.34	%	0.80	%	54	bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Dollars	$1,287		$1,153		$966		$781		$659		$628	95	%	$3,406		$1,921		$1,485	77	%
Net Principal Charge-off Dollars	$1,070		$924		$750		$581		$439		$631	144	%	$2,744		$1,236		$1,508	122	%
Net Interest and Fee Charge-off Dollars	$223		$202		$169		$126		$98		$125	128	%	$594		$277		$317	114	%
Loans Delinquent 30 or more days	$3,756		$3,027		$2,791		$2,578		$2,034		$1,722	85	%	$3,756		$2,034		$1,722	85	%
Loans Delinquent 90 or more days	$1,637		$1,361		$1,290		$1,101		$837		$800	96	%	$1,637		$837		$800	96	%

Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)	$8,665		$8,064		$7,691		$7,374		$7,061		$1,604	23	%	$8,665		$7,061		$1,604	23	%
Reserve Change Build/ (Release) 2	$601		$373		$385		$313		$304		$297			$1,359		$239		$1,120
Reserve Rate	7.06	%	6.84	%	6.83	%	6.58	%	6.73	%	33	bps		7.06	%	6.73	%	33	bps

CREDIT CARD LOANS
Ending Loans	$97,389		$93,955		$89,755		$90,113		$83,630		$13,759	16	%	$97,389		$83,630		$13,759	16	%
Average Loans	$95,796		$91,825		$89,460		$86,396		$81,445		$14,351	18	%	$92,383		$76,832		$15,551	20	%

Interest Yield	15.43	%	15.14	%	15.06	%	14.50	%	13.56	%	187	bps		15.21	%	13.01	%	220	bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Rate	4.85	%	4.59	%	3.99	%	3.20	%	2.88	%	197	bps		4.49	%	2.99	%	150	bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate	4.03	%	3.68	%	3.10	%	2.37	%	1.92	%	211	bps		3.62	%	1.93	%	169	bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)	3.41	%	2.86	%	2.76	%	2.53	%	2.11	%	130	bps		3.41	%	2.11	%	130	bps
Delinquency Rate (90 or more days)	1.57	%	1.35	%	1.34	%	1.14	%	0.92	%	65	bps		1.57	%	0.92	%	65	bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Dollars	$1,171		$1,051		$879		$697		$592		$579	98	%	$3,101		$1,720		$1,381	80	%
Net Principal Charge-off Dollars	$973		$842		$684		$516		$395		$578	146	%	$2,499		$1,107		$1,392	126	%
Loans Delinquent 30 or more days	$3,324		$2,689		$2,477		$2,278		$1,761		$1,563	89	%	$3,324		$1,761		$1,563	89	%
Loans Delinquent 90 or more days	$1,527		$1,269		$1,204		$1,028		$770		$757	98	%	$1,527		$770		$757	98	%

Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)	$7,070		$6,525		$6,135		$5,883		$5,561		$1,509	27	%	$7,070		$5,561		$1,509	27	%
Reserve Change Build/ (Release) 2	$545		$390		$318		$322		$254		$291			$1,253		$288		$965
Reserve Rate	7.26	%	6.94	%	6.84	%	6.53	%	6.65	%	61	bps		7.26	%	6.65	%	61	bps
Total Discover Card Volume	$58,965		$58,774		$54,129		$59,153		$58,561		$404	1	%	$171,868		$165,324		$6,544	4	%
Discover Card Sales Volume	$54,952		$55,229		$50,588		$55,663		$54,793		$159	—	%	$160,769		$154,982		$5,787	4	%
Rewards Rate	1.42	%	1.42	%	1.41	%	1.42	%	1.47	%	(5)	bps		1.42	%	1.40	%	2	bps

1 Total Loans includes Home Equity and other loans
2 Excludes any build/release of the liability for expected credit losses on unfunded commitments as the offset is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of financial condition
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
LOAN STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended													Nine Months Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2022		2023 vs. 2022
PRIVATE STUDENT LOANS
Organic Student Loans	$9,963		$9,723		$9,927		$9,718		$9,722		$241	2	%	$9,963		$9,722		$241	2	%
Purchased Student Loans	485		518		553		590		627		(142)	(23	%)	485		627		(142)	(23	%)
Total Private Student Loans	$10,448		$10,241		$10,480		$10,308		$10,349		$99	1	%	$10,448		$10,349		$99	1	%

Interest Yield	10.11	%	9.87	%	9.68	%	9.02	%	8.26	%	185	bps		9.88	%	7.81	%	207	bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate	1.32	%	1.25	%	1.04	%	1.33	%	0.91	%	41	bps		1.21	%	0.89	%	32	bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)	2.62	%	2.13	%	2.02	%	2.05	%	1.94	%	68	bps		2.62	%	1.94	%	68	bps

Reserve Rate	8.29	%	8.29	%	8.32	%	8.14	%	8.01	%	28	bps		8.29	%	8.01	%	28	bps

PERSONAL LOANS
Ending Loans	$9,559		$9,106		$8,374		$7,998		$7,674		$1,885	25	%	$9,559		$7,674		$1,885	25	%

Interest Yield	12.94	%	12.72	%	12.35	%	12.04	%	11.83	%	111	bps		12.69	%	11.92	%	77	bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate	2.63	%	2.28	%	1.94	%	1.49	%	1.14	%	149	bps		2.30	%	1.16	%	114	bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)	1.24	%	1.00	%	0.91	%	0.80	%	0.69	%	55	bps		1.24	%	0.69	%	55	bps

Reserve Rate	6.83	%	6.83	%	7.43	%	7.44	%	8.08	%	(125)	bps		6.83	%	8.08	%	(125)	bps



Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
SEGMENT RESULTS AND VOLUME STATISTICS 1
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended													Nine Months Ended
	Sep 30, 2023		Jun 30, 2023		Mar 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022		Sep 30, 2022		Sep 30, 2023 vs. Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2022		2023 vs. 2022
DIGITAL BANKING
Interest Income	$4,610		$4,290		$4,077		$3,856		$3,357		$1,253	37	%	$12,977		$9,008		$3,969	44	%
Interest Expense	1,288		1,113		945		789		514		774	151	%	3,346		1,076		2,270	NM
Net Interest Income	3,322		3,177		3,132		3,067		2,843		479	17	%	9,631		7,932		1,699	21	%
Non-Interest Income	592		586		522		567		530		62	12	%	1,700		1,551		149	10	%
Revenue Net of Interest Expense	3,914		3,763		3,654		3,634		3,373		541	16	%	11,331		9,483		1,848	19	%
Provision for Credit Losses	1,702		1,305		1,102		883		773		929	120	%	4,109		1,476		2,633	178	%
Total Operating Expense	1,409		1,359		1,342		1,445		1,326		83	6	%	4,110		3,604		506	14	%
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$803		$1,099		$1,210		$1,306		$1,274		($471)	(37	%)	$3,112		$4,403		($1,291)	(29	%)

Net Interest Margin	10.95	%	11.06	%	11.34	%	11.27	%	11.05	%	(10)	bps		11.11	%	10.95	%	16	bps
Pretax Return on Loan Receivables	2.65	%	3.82	%	4.38	%	4.80	%	4.94	%	(229)	bps		3.59	%	6.08	%	(249)	bps

Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)	$8,665		$8,064		$7,691		$7,374		$7,061		$1,604	23	%	$8,665		$7,061		$1,604	23	%
Reserve Change Build/ (Release)	$601		$373		$385		$313		$304		$297			$1,359		$239		$1,120

PAYMENT SERVICES
Interest Income	$—		$—		$—		$—		$—		$—	NM		$—		$—		$—	NM
Interest Expense	—		—		—		—		—		—	NM		—		—		—	NM
Net Interest Income	—		—		—		—		—		—	NM		—		—		—	NM
Non-Interest Income (Loss)	130		115		88		87		95		35	37	%	333		89		244	NM
Revenue Net of Interest Expense	130		115		88		87		95		35	37	%	333		89		244	NM
Provision for Credit Losses	—		—		—		—		—		—	NM		—		—		—	NM
Total Operating Expense	45		45		41		50		42		3	7	%	131		117		14	12	%
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$85		$70		$47		$37		$53		$32	NM		$202		($28)		$230	NM

TRANSACTIONS PROCESSED ON NETWORKS
Discover Network	964		940		850		946		924		40	4	%	2,754		2,671		83	3	%
PULSE Network	2,011		1,761		1,625		1,666		1,611		400	25	%	5,397		4,534		863	19	%
Total	2,975		2,701		2,475		2,612		2,535		440	17	%	8,151		7,205		946	13	%

NETWORK VOLUME
PULSE Network	$72,146		$69,008		$65,268		$66,807		$63,437		$8,709	14	%	$206,422		$186,265		$20,157	11	%
Network Partners	9,899		10,408		10,628		10,433		11,894		(1,995)	(17	%)	30,935		34,109		(3,174)	(9	%)
Diners Club International 2	9,723		9,897		9,211		9,155		8,793		930	11	%	28,831		24,350		4,481	18	%
Total Payment Services	91,768		89,313		85,107		86,395		84,124		7,644	9	%	266,188		244,724		21,464	9	%
Discover Network - Proprietary	57,228		57,099		51,826		58,138		56,633		595	1	%	166,153		160,600		5,553	3	%
Total	$148,996		$146,412		$136,933		$144,533		$140,757		$8,239	6	%	$432,341		$405,324		$27,017	7	%

1 The comparative prior quarters ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods for reconciliation to previously reported results.
2 Volume is derived from data provided by licencees for Diners Club branded cards issued outside of North America and is subject to subsequent revision or amendment
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES - GLOSSARY OF FINANCIAL TERMS

Balance Sheet & Regulatory Capital Terms
Liquidity Portfolio represents cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash-in-process) and other investments

Regulatory Capital Ratios are preliminary
•			Total Risk Based Capital Ratio represents total capital divided by risk-weighted assets
•			Tier 1 Capital Ratio represents tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets
•			Tier 1 Leverage Ratio represents tier 1 capital divided by average total assets
•			Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio represents common equity tier 1 capital divided by risk weighted assets

Tangible Assets represents total assets less goodwill and intangibles

Tangible Common Equity ("TCE"), a non-GAAP financial measure, represents total common equity less goodwill and intangibles. The Company believes TCE is a meaningful measure to investors of the net asset value of the Company. For corresponding reconciliation of TCE to a GAAP financial measure, see Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Data

Tangible Common Equity/Net Loans, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by total loans less the allowance for credit losses (period end)

Tangible Common Equity per Share, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by ending common shares outstanding

Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by total assets less goodwill and intangibles

Undrawn Credit Facilities represents asset-backed conduit funding facilities and Federal Reserve discount window (excluding investments pledged to the Federal Reserve, which are included within the liquidity investment portfolio)

Credit Related Terms
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days) represents loans delinquent thirty days or more divided by ending loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Delinquency Rate (90 or more days) represents loans delinquent ninety days or more divided by ending loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Gross Principal Charge-off Rate represents gross principal charge-off dollars (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Net Principal Charge-off Rate represents net principal charge-off dollars (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Reserve Rate represents the allowance for credit losses divided by total loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Earnings and Shareholder Return Terms
Book Value per share represents total equity divided by ending common shares outstanding

Capital Returned to Common Stockholders represents common stock dividends declared and treasury share repurchases, excluding common stock issued under employee benefit plans and stock based compensation

Earnings Per Share represents net income allocated to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding

Interest Yield represents interest income on loan receivables (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)

Net Income Allocated to Common Stockholders represents net income less preferred stock dividends and income allocated to participating securities

Net Interest Margin represents net interest income (annualized) divided by average total loans for the period

Net Yield on Interest Earning Assets represents net interest income (annualized) divided by average total interest earning assets for the period

Operating Efficiency represents total operating expense divided by revenue net of interest expense

Pretax Return on Loan Receivables represents income before income taxes (annualized) divided by total average loans for the period

Payout Ratio represents capital returned to common stockholders divided by net income allocated to common stockholders

Return on Common Equity represents net income available for common stockholders (annualized) divided by average total common equity for the reporting period

Return on Equity represents net income (annualized) divided by average total equity for the reporting period

Rewards Rate represents Credit Card rewards cost divided by Discover Card sales volume

Volume Terms
Discover Card Sales Volume represents Discover card activity related to sales net of returns

Discover Card Volume represents Discover card activity related to sales net of returns, balance transfers, cash advances and other activity

Discover Network Proprietary Volume represents gross Discover Card sales volume on the Discover Network


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP DATA 1
(unaudited, in millions)
	Quarter Ended
	Sep 30, 2023	Jun 30, 2023	Mar 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Sep 30, 2022
GAAP Total Common Equity	$13,180	$12,800	$13,004	$13,288	$12,992
Less: Goodwill	(255)	(255)	(255)	(255)	(255)
Less: Intangibles	—	—	—	—	—
Tangible Common Equity 2	$12,925	$12,545	$12,749	$13,033	$12,737

GAAP Book Value Per Share	$56.93	$55.44	$54.79	$53.65	$51.42
Less: Goodwill	(1.02)	(1.03)	(1.00)	(0.96)	(0.94)
Less: Intangibles	—	—	—	—	—
Less: Preferred Stock	(4.22)	(4.22)	(4.11)	(3.95)	(3.86)
Tangible Common Equity Per Share	$51.69	$50.19	$49.68	$48.74	$46.62

1 The comparative prior quarters ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods for reconciliation to previously reported results.

2 Tangible Common Equity ("TCE"), a non-GAAP financial measure, represents common equity less goodwill and intangibles. A reconciliation of TCE to common equity, a GAAP financial measure, is shown above. Other financial services companies may also use TCE and definitions may vary, so users of this information are advised to exercise caution in comparing TCE of different companies. TCE is included because management believes that common equity excluding goodwill and intangibles is a more meaningful measure to investors of the true net asset value of the Company

Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES

RECONCILIATION OF PRIOR PERIOD RESTATED FINANCIAL RESULTS



The following pages present a reconciliation for certain information disclosed in the financial data supplement.

Beginning around mid-2007, Discover incorrectly classified certain credit card accounts into its highest merchant and merchant acquirer pricing tier. The Company determined the revenue impact of the incorrect card product classification was immaterial to the consolidated financial statements for the prior periods presented in this disclosure. For comparative purposes, the Company has made these immaterial corrections to the consolidated financial statements in the prior periods presented.


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
RECONCILIATION OF PRIOR PERIOD RESTATED FINANCIAL RESULTS
(unaudited, in millions, except per share statistics)
	As Previously Reported												Restatement Impacts												As Restated
	Quarter Ended									Nine Months Ended			Quarter Ended									Nine Months Ended			Quarter Ended									Nine Months Ended
	Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Sep 30, 2022
EARNINGS SUMMARY
Discount/Interchange Revenue	$	1,057		$	1,165		$	1,157		$	3,245		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(33)		$	1,046		$	1,154		$	1,146		$	3,212
Discount and Interchange Revenue, net	341			368			346			1,056			(11)			(11)			(11)			(33)			330			357			335			1,023
Total Non-Interest Income	621			665			636			1,673			(11)			(11)			(11)			(33)			610			654			625			1,640
Revenue Net of Interest Expense	$	3,753		$	3,732		$	3,479		$	9,605		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(33)		$	3,742		$	3,721		$	3,468		$	9,572

Other Expense	$	124		$	154		$	174		$	406		$	—		$	—		$	(20)		$	(20)		$	124		$	154		$	154		$	386
Total Operating Expense	$	1,383		$	1,495		$	1,388		$	3,741		$	—		$	—		$	(20)		$	(20)		$	1,383		$	1,495		$	1,368		$	3,721

Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$	1,268		$	1,354		$	1,318		$	4,388		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	9		$	(13)		$	1,257		$	1,343		$	1,327		$	4,375
Tax Expense	292			321			312			1,029			(3)			(3)			2			(3)			289			318			314			1,026
Net Income/ (Loss)	$	976		$	1,033		$	1,006		$	3,359		$	(8)		$	(8)		$	7		$	(10)		$	968		$	1,025		$	1,013		$	3,349

Net Income/ (Loss) Allocated to Common Stockholders	$	939		$	1,027		$	967		$	3,277		$	(8)		$	(8)		$	8		$	(10)		$	931		$	1,019		$	975		$	3,267

Operating Efficiency	36.8		%	40.0		%	39.9		%	39.0		%	10		bps	20		bps	(40)		bps	(10)		bps	36.9		%	40.2		%	39.5		%	38.9		%
ROE	27		%	28		%	29		%	33		%	—		bps	—		bps	—		bps	—		bps	27		%	28		%	29		%	33		%
Payout Ratio	145		%	72		%	36		%	66		%	200		bps	100		bps	—		bps	—		bps	147		%	73		%	36		%	66		%

PER SHARE STATISTICS
Basic EPS	$	3.58		$	3.77		$	3.54		$	11.74		$	(0.03)		$	(0.03)		$	0.03		$	(0.04)		$	3.55		$	3.74		$	3.57		$	11.70
Diluted EPS	$	3.58		$	3.77		$	3.54		$	11.73		$	(0.03)		$	(0.03)		$	0.02		$	(0.04)		$	3.55		$	3.74		$	3.56		$	11.69
Book Value per share	$	55.79		$	54.57		$	52.29		$	52.29		$	(1.00)		$	(0.92)		$	(0.87)		$	(0.87)		$	54.79		$	53.65		$	51.42		$	51.42

SEGMENT RESULTS
Digital Banking
Non-Interest Income	$	533		$	578		$	541		$	1,584		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(33)		$	522		$	567		$	530		$	1,551
Revenue Net of Interest Expense	$	3,665		$	3,645		$	3,384		$	9,516		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	(33)		$	3,654		$	3,634		$	3,373		$	9,483

Total Operating Expense	$	1,342		$	1,445		$	1,346		$	3,624		$	—		$	—		$	(20)		$	(20)		$	1,342		$	1,445		$	1,326		$	3,604
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes	$	1,221		$	1,317		$	1,265		$	4,416		$	(11)		$	(11)		$	9		$	(13)		$	1,210		$	1,306		$	1,274		$	4,403
Pretax Return on Loan Receivables	4.42		%	4.84		%	4.91		%	6.09		%	(4)		bps	(4)		bps	3		bps	(1)		bps	4.38		%	4.80		%	4.94		%	6.08		%


DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
RECONCILIATION OF PRIOR PERIOD RESTATED FINANCIAL RESULTS
(unaudited, in millions, except per share statistics)
	As Previously Reported									Restatement Impacts									As Restated
	Quarter Ended									Quarter Ended									Quarter Ended
	Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022			Mar 31, 2023			Dec 31, 2022			Sep 30, 2022
BALANCE SHEET SUMMARY
Assets
Other Assets	$	4,381		$	4,519		$	4,002		$	80		$	78		$	75		$	4,461		$	4,597		$	4,077
Total Assets	$	133,061		$	131,628		$	121,886		$	80		$	78		$	75		$	133,141		$	131,706		$	121,961

Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities	$	4,843		$	5,294		$	4,526		$	335		$	324		$	313		$	5,178		$	5,618		$	4,839
Total Liabilities	118,746			117,038			107,600			335			324			313			119,081			117,362			107,913
Total Equity	14,315			14,590			14,286			(255)			(246)			(238)			14,060			14,344			14,048
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	133,061		$	131,628		$	121,886		$	80		$	78		$	75		$	133,141		$	131,706		$	121,961

BALANCE SHEET STATISTICS
Total Common Equity	$	13,259		$	13,534		$	13,230		$	(255)		$	(246)		$	(238)		$	13,004		$	13,288		$	12,992
Total Common Equity/Total Assets	10.0		%	10.3		%	10.9		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	9.8		%	10.1		%	10.7		%
Total Common Equity/Net Loans	12.6		%	12.9		%	13.5		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	12.4		%	12.7		%	13.3		%

Tangible Assets	$	132,806		$	131,373		$	121,631		$	80		$	78		$	75		$	132,886		$	131,451		$	121,706
Tangible Common Equity	$	13,004		$	13,279		$	12,975		$	(255)		$	(246)		$	(238)		$	12,749		$	13,033		$	12,737
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets	9.8		%	10.1		%	10.7		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	9.6		%	9.9		%	10.5		%
Tangible Common Equity/Net Loans	12.4		%	12.7		%	13.3		%	(30)		bps	(30)		bps	(30)		bps	12.1		%	12.4		%	13.0		%
Tangible Common Equity per share	$	50.68		$	49.66		$	47.49		$	(1.00)		$	(0.92)		$	(0.87)		$	49.68		$	48.74		$	46.62

REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio	14.9		%	16.0		%	16.7		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(30)		bps	14.7		%	15.8		%	16.4		%
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio	13.2		%	14.3		%	14.9		%	(20)		bps	(30)		bps	(20)		bps	13.0		%	14.0		%	14.7		%
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	11.6		%	12.7		%	13.4		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	11.4		%	12.5		%	13.2		%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	12.3		%	13.3		%	13.9		%	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	(20)		bps	12.1		%	13.1		%	13.7		%

The following slides are part of a presentation by Discover Financial Services (the "Company") in connection with reporting quarterly financial results and are intended to be viewed as part of that presentation. No representation is made that the information in these slides is complete. For additional financial, statistical, and business related information, as well as information regarding business and segment trends, see the earnings release and financial supplement included as exhibits to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed today and available on the Company’s website (www.discover.com) and the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). The presentation contains forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made, which reflect management’s estimates, projections, expectations or beliefs at that time, and which are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. For a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties that may affect the future results of the Company, please see "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," "Risk Factors," "Business – Competition," "Business – Supervision and Regulation" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, "Risk Factors" and “Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, which are filed with the SEC and available at the SEC's website (www.sec.gov) and subsequent reports on Forms 8-K and 10-Q, including the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed today with the SEC. The Company does not undertake to update or revise forward- looking statements as more information becomes available. Notice 2

3Q23 Highlights 3 • 3Q23 net income of $683MM; diluted EPS of $2.59; and return on equity of 19% • Financial performance remains solid ◦ Healthy loan growth generates strong revenue growth ◦ Deposit growth continues to be robust ◦ Charge offs performing within target ranges • Compliance remains a top priority ◦ Continuing to enhance our compliance and risk management capabilities ◦ Engaging in discussions with merchants on the card product misclassification issue • Continue to advance critical operating initiatives ◦ Maintaining award-winning products and customer service ◦ Seeing positive results after soft launch of Cashback Debit product ◦ Launching new national brand campaign "Especially for Everyone"

• Revenue net of interest expense was $4.0Bn, up 17%, due to higher net interest income, net discount and interchange revenue, and loan fee income • Expenses increased $86MM, or 6%, primarily driven by investments in compliance and risk management • Provision for credit losses increased by $929MM reflecting a $297MM increase in reserve build and a $631MM increase in net charge-offs 3Q23 Summary Financial Results Key Points 4 $1,013 $479 $97 $(929) $(86) $109 $683 3Q22 Net Income Net Interest Income Non- Interest Income Provision for Credit Losses Operating Expense Income Tax/ Capital Action 3Q23 Net Income Year-Over-Year Net Income & EPS ($MM, except EPS) 3Q23 $ 3,322 $ 722 $ 1,702 $ 1,454 $ 205 3Q22 $ 2,843 $ 625 $ 773 $ 1,368 $ 314 B/(W) $ 479 $ 97 $ (929) $ (86) $ 109 EPS $ 3.56 $ 1.34 $ 0.27 $ (2.59) $ (0.24) $ 0.25 $ 2.59 (1) Note(s) 1. The comparative prior quarter ended September 30, 2022 has been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods in the Financial Supplement for reconciliation to previously reported results

• NIM on loans was 10.95%, down 11bps QOQ as higher net funding costs were slightly offset by favorable loan yields • Total loan yield was up 27bps QOQ primarily due to higher prime rate and lower payment rates, partially offset by higher interest charge-offs • The net funding rate increased by 38bps QOQ, reflecting higher consumer deposit pricing • Consumer deposits were up 4% QOQ and up 23% YOY 3Q23 Net Interest Income Drivers 5 Key Points Note(s) 1. Includes checking and reflects both interest-bearing and non-interest bearing consumer deposits 2. Net Funding Rate reflects interest expense, net of interest income from other interest-earning assets, as a percentage of average receivables 11.05% 11.27% 11.34% 11.06% 10.95% 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 NIM on Loans Loan Growth ($Bn) Funding Mix (%), Average Balance $83.6 $90.1 $89.8 $94.0 $97.4 $9.7 $9.7 $9.9 $9.7 $10.0$7.7 $8.0 $8.4 $9.1 $9.6 $3.9 $4.3 $4.6 $5.1 $5.8 Card +16% YOY Organic Student +2% YOY Personal +25% YOY Other + 49% YOY 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 65% 64% 66% 66% 66% 15% 18% 17% 18% 18% 10% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10% 9% 8% 7% 7% DTC and Affinity Deposits Brokered & Other Deposits Securitized Borrowing Unsecured Borrowing 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 Total Loan Yield 12.67% 13.53% 14.06% 14.17% 14.44% Net Funding Rate (2) 1.62% 2.26% 2.72% 3.11% 3.49% (1)

Note(s) 1. The comparative prior quarter ended September 30, 2022 has been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods in the Financial Supplement for reconciliation to previously reported results 2. Rewards rate represents credit card rewards cost divided by Discover Card sales volume • Net interest income increased primarily due to higher loan receivables partially offset by margin rate decreases • Net discount and interchange revenue was up 13% primarily driven by lower rewards costs • Loan fee income increased from higher late fee instances due to recent new account growth • The rewards rate was 1.42%, down 5bps YOY driven by a change in the 5% category 3Q23 Gas & Digital Wallets 3Q22 Restaurants & PayPal 3Q23 Revenue 6 Key Points Inc / (Dec) ($MM) 3Q23 3Q22 $ % Net Interest Income 3,322 2,843 479 17% Net Discount/Interchange Revenue 377 335 42 13% Protection Products Revenue 42 42 0 —% Loan Fee Income 194 168 26 15% Transaction Processing Revenue 82 65 17 26% Gain/(Loss) on Equity Investment 6 (4) 10 NM Other Income 21 19 2 11% Total Non-Interest Income 722 625 97 16% Revenue Net of Interest Expense $4,044 $3,468 $576 17% Change 3Q23 3Q22 QOQ YOY Discover Card Sales Volume ($MM) $54,952 $54,793 (1) % —% Rewards Rate (2) 1.42 % 1.47 % —bps (5)bps $3,468 $479 $42 $— $26 $17 $10 $2 $4,044 3Q22 Rev Net of Int Exp Net Interest Income Net Discount/ Interchange Protection Products Loan Fee Income Transaction Processing Gain/(Loss) on Equity Investments Other Income 3Q23 Rev Net of Int Exp Year-Over-Year Revenue ($MM) (1) (1)

Note(s) 1. Defined as reported total operating expense divided by revenue net of interest expense 2. The comparative prior quarter ended September 30, 2022 has been restated to reflect immaterial corrections to the financial statements. See Reconciliation of Prior Periods in the Financial Supplement for reconciliation to previously reported results • Employee compensation increased due to higher headcount • Marketing increased to support deposit acquisition • Information processing was up due to investments in technology • Professional fees increased driven by continued investment in compliance and risk management initiatives 3Q23 Operating Expense Inc / (Dec) ($MM) 3Q23 3Q22 $ % Employee Compensation and Benefits $575 $551 24 4% Marketing and Business Development 283 276 7 3% Information Processing & Communications 149 124 25 20% Professional Fees 281 241 40 17% Premises and Equipment 22 22 0 —% Other Expense 144 154 (10) (6%) Total Operating Expense $1,454 $1,368 $86 6% Operating Efficiency(1)(2) 36.0 % 39.5 % (350) bps 7 Key Points Year-Over-Year Expense ($MM) $1,368 $24 $7 $25 $40 $(10) $1,454 3Q22 Expense Employee Comp Marketing Info Processing Professional Fees All Other 3Q23 Expense

• Higher credit card net charge-off rate driven by seasoning of recent vintages with higher delinquency trends • Student loan net charge-offs reflect macroeconomic conditions • Personal loan net charge-offs migrating toward historical performance reflecting normalization and credit strategy changes 3Q23 Key Credit Metrics 8 Key PointsChange 3Q22 2Q23 3Q23 QOQ YOY Credit Card Loans Ending Loan Balance ($MM) $83,630 $93,955 $97,389 4% 16% Net Principal Charge-off Rate 1.92% 3.68% 4.03% 35 bps 211 bps 30-Day Delinquency Rate 2.11% 2.86% 3.41% 55 bps 130 bps Private Student Loans Ending Loan Balance ($MM) $10,349 $10,241 $10,448 2% 1% Net Principal Charge-off Rate 0.91% 1.25% 1.32% 7 bps 41 bps 30-Day Delinquency Rate 1.94% 2.13% 2.62% 49 bps 68 bps Personal Loans Ending Loan Balance ($MM) $7,674 $9,106 $9,559 5% 25% Net Principal Charge-off Rate 1.14% 2.28% 2.63% 35 bps 149 bps 30-Day Delinquency Rate 0.69% 1.00% 1.24% 24 bps 55 bps Total Loans Ending Loan Balance ($MM) $104,908 $117,906 $122,676 4% 17% Net Principal Charge-off Rate 1.71% 3.22% 3.52% 30 bps 181 bps 30-Day Delinquency Rate 1.94% 2.57% 3.06% 49 bps 112 bps

9 ($MM) Credit Card Student Loans Personal Loans Other Total Loans Balance at June 30, 2023 $6,525 $849 $622 $68 $8,064 Reserve rate 6.94% 8.29% 6.83% N/A 6.84% Provision for credit losses 1,518 52 93 8 1,671 Net Charge-offs 973 35 62 — 1,070 Balance at September 30, 2023 $7,070 $866 $653 $76 $8,665 Reserve rate 7.26% 8.29% 6.83% N/A 7.06% Total Loan Reserve Rate 6.73% 6.58% 6.83% 6.84% 7.06% 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 Allowance for Credit Losses

10 Capital Return(3)Capital Position Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio (%) Note(s) 1. Capital for years ended 2022 and prior have been restated for comparative purposes and considers the impacts of the immaterial corrections to the financial statements; years 2018-2021 reflect a best estimate 2. Based on the final rule published September 30, 2020. Capital ratios reflect delay in the recognition of the impact of CECL reserves on regulatory capital for two years in accordance with the final rule 3. Quarterly dividend per share figures for 2018 through 2022 represent year-end levels; YTD represents current quarter end level 10.9% 11.0% 12.9% 14.5% 13.1% 11.6% 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 3Q23 • The Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of 11.6% declined 10bps sequentially • Declared quarterly cash dividend of $0.70 per share of common stock Key Point $2.1 $1.8 $0.3 $2.3 $2.4 $1.9 $0.40 $0.44 $0.44 $0.50 $0.60 $0.70 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 YTD 2023 Capital Position & Capital Return Trends Share Repurchases ($Bn) Quarterly Dividend per Share (1) (2)

11 2023 Perspective Previous Current Loan Growth • Expect loan growth to be low to mid-teens • Expect loan growth to be mid-teens Net Interest Margin • Expect NIM to be around 11% for full year 2023 • No change Operating Expense • Expect total operating expense to be up low double digits from prior year • No change Net Charge-offs • Expect full year average net charge-off rate of 3.4-3.6% • No change Capital Management • Pausing our share repurchase program • No change

Appendix

3Q23 Asset Yield & Liabilities Rate 3Q23 2Q23 3Q22 Interest-Earning Assets ($Bn) Avg Bal Yield Avg Bal Yield Avg Bal Yield Total Loans $120.4 14.44 % $115.3 14.17 % $102.0 12.67 % Other Interest-Earning Assets 21.4 4.26 % 21.3 4.11 % 16.9 2.30 % Total Interest-Earning Assets $141.8 12.90 % $136.6 12.60 % $118.9 11.20 % 3Q23 2Q23 3Q22 Interest-Bearing Liabilities ($Bn) Avg Bal Rate Avg Bal Rate Avg Bal Rate Direct to Consumer Deposits (1) (2) $78.3 4.18 % $74.9 3.71 % $63.4 1.53 % Brokered Deposits and Other 21.3 4.43 % 20.5 4.15 % 14.7 2.71 % Interest Bearing-Deposits 99.6 4.23 % 95.4 3.80 % 78.1 1.76 % Borrowings 20.0 4.49 % 19.3 4.33 % 19.4 3.45 % Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities $119.6 4.27 % $114.7 3.89 % $97.5 2.09 % 13 Note(s) 1. Includes Affinity relationships 2. Excludes checking which is a non-interest bearing deposit product

Total Company Loans Credit Card Loans Private Student Loans Personal Loans 2.12 1.46 1.37 1.61 1.80 1.71 2.13 2.72 3.22 3.52 1.34 1.40 1.55 1.64 1.63 1.94 2.30 2.48 2.57 3.06 NCO rate (%) 30+ day DQ rate (%) 2Q21 3Q21 4Q21 1Q22 2Q22 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 2.45 1.65 1.50 1.84 2.01 1.92 2.37 3.10 3.68 4.03 1.43 1.48 1.66 1.77 1.76 2.11 2.53 2.76 2.86 3.41 NCO rate (%) 30+ day DQ rate (%) 2Q21 3Q21 4Q21 1Q22 2Q22 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 1.80 1.11 1.21 1.12 1.21 1.14 1.49 1.94 2.28 2.63 0.69 0.71 0.69 0.69 0.63 0.69 0.80 0.91 1.00 1.24 NCO rate (%) 30+ day DQ rate (%) 2Q21 3Q21 4Q21 1Q22 2Q22 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 0.53 0.68 0.80 0.69 1.08 0.91 1.33 1.04 1.25 1.32 1.34 1.55 1.55 1.62 1.66 1.94 2.05 2.02 2.13 2.62 NCO rate (%) 30+ day DQ rate (%) 2Q21 3Q21 4Q21 1Q22 2Q22 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 Credit Performance Trends 14

YOY YOY YOY YOY 3Q23 Payments Volume ($Bn) Discover Network • Discover Network volume was up 1% reflecting the modest increase in Discover card sales volume • PULSE volume was up 14% driven by an increase in debit transaction volume • Diners volume was up 11% reflecting strength across all regions • Network Partners was down 17% YOY driven by lower AribaPay volume Key Points $56.6 $58.1 $51.8 $57.1 $57.2 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 $63.4 $66.8 $65.3 $69.0 $72.1 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 $8.8 $9.2 $9.2 $9.9 $9.7 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 $11.9 $10.4 $10.6 $10.4 $9.9 3Q22 4Q22 1Q23 2Q23 3Q23 Diners (1) PULSE Network Partners 1% 14% 11% (17%) Note(s) 1. Volume is derived from data provided by licensees for Diners Club branded cards issued outside of North America and is subject to subsequent revision or amendment Total Network Volume up 6% YOY 15

Document and Entity Information Document	Oct. 18, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	8-K
Document Period End Date	Oct. 18, 2023
Entity Registrant Name	DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
Entity File Number	001-33378
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-2517428
Entity Address, Address Line One	2500 Lake Cook Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Riverwoods
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60015
City Area Code	224
Local Phone Number	405-0900
Written Communications	false
Soliciting Material	false
Pre-commencement Tender Offer	false
Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	DFS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001393612
Amendment Flag	false

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