MYR Group Inc. Announces Third-Quarter and First Nine-Months 2024 Results

MYR Group Inc. (“MYR”) (NASDAQ: MYRG)

, a holding company of leading specialty contractors serving the electric utility infrastructure, commercial and industrial construction markets in the United States and Canada, announced today its third-quarter and first nine-months 2024 financial results.

Highlights for Third Quarter 2024

• Quarterly revenues of $888.0 million
• Quarterly net income of $10.6 million, or $0.65 per diluted share
• Quarterly EBITDA of $37.2 million
• Backlog of $2.60 billion

Management CommentsRick Swartz, MYR’s President and CEO, said, “Our core markets remain active, and bidding activity continued at a robust pace during the quarter. Opportunities for long-term growth remain healthy as we continue to strategically expand our strong customer relationships across our business segments.” Mr. Swartz also said, “Our third quarter performance showed improvement over the second quarter, demonstrating strong project execution in core areas of our business as we continue to resolve unfavorable impacts from a relatively small group of projects expected to complete this year.”

Third Quarter ResultsMYR reported third-quarter 2024 revenues of $888.0 million, a decrease of $51.5 million, or 5.5 percent, compared to the third quarter of 2023. Specifically, our Transmission and Distribution (“T&D”) segment reported quarterly revenues of $481.9 million, a decrease of $66.7 million, or 12.2 percent, from the third quarter of 2023, due to a decrease of $81.0 million in revenue on transmission projects and an increase of $14.3 million in revenue on distribution projects. Our Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”) segment reported quarterly revenues of $406.2 million, an increase of $15.3 million, or 3.9 percent, from the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily due to an increase in revenue on fixed priced contracts and T&E contracts.

Consolidated gross profit decreased to $77.3 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared to $92.4 million for the third quarter of 2023. The decrease in gross profit was due to lower margin and lower revenues. Gross margin decreased to 8.7 percent for the third quarter of 2024 from 9.8 percent for the third quarter of 2023. The decrease in gross margin was primarily related to clean energy projects in T&D, the unfavorable impact of a C&I project, as well as an increase in costs associated with unfavorable job closeouts, and labor and project inefficiencies. These margin decreases were partially offset by better-than-anticipated productivity and a favorable change order. Changes in estimates of gross profit on certain projects resulted in gross margin decreases of 3.9 percent and 1.3 percent for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) decreased to $57.5 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared to $59.9 million for the third quarter of 2023. The period-over-period decrease was primarily due to a decrease in employee incentive compensation costs and a decrease in contingent compensation expense related to a prior acquisition, partially offset by an increase in employee-related expenses to support future growth.

Income tax expense was $7.9 million for the third quarter of 2024, with an effective tax rate of 42.5 percent, compared to income tax expense of $9.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, with an effective tax rate of 30.3 percent. The period-over-period change in tax rate was primarily due to higher permanent difference items mostly related to deductibility limits of contingent compensation, associated with a prior acquisition, which was successfully achieved during the third quarter of 2024, as well as higher U.S. taxes on Canadian income.

For the third quarter of 2024, net income was $10.6 million, or $0.65 per diluted share, compared to $21.5 million, or $1.28 per diluted share, for the same period of 2023. Third-quarter 2024 EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, was $37.2 million, compared to $47.0 million in the third quarter of 2023.

First Nine-Months ResultsMYR reported first nine-months 2024 revenues of $2.53 billion, a decrease of $107.2 million, or 4.1 percent, compared to the first nine months of 2023. Specifically, our T&D segment reported revenues of $1.43 billion, a decrease of $67.2 million, from the first nine months of 2023, due to a decrease of $105.0 million in revenue on transmission projects, offset by an increase of $37.8 million in revenue on distribution projects. Our C&I segment reported revenues of $1.10 billion, a decrease of $40.1 million, or 3.5 percent from the first nine months of 2023, which was primarily due to the delayed start of certain projects in 2024.

Consolidated gross profit decreased to $204.4 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $266.9 million in the first nine months of 2023. The decrease in gross profit was due to lower margin and lower revenues. Gross margin decreased to 8.1 percent for the first nine months of 2024 from 10.1 percent for the first nine months of 2023. The decrease in gross margin was primarily related to clean energy projects in T&D, the unfavorable impact of a C&I project, labor and project inefficiencies, an increase in costs associated with schedule compression on certain projects, an unfavorable change order and an unfavorable job closeout. These margin decreases were partially offset by better-than-anticipated productivity, favorable change orders, favorable job closeouts and favorable joint venture results. Changes in estimates of gross profit on certain projects resulted in a gross margin decreases of 4.4 percent and 1.2 percent for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

SG&A increased to $181.5 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $174.6 million for the first nine months of 2023. The period-over-period increase was primarily due to an increase in contingent compensation expense related to a prior acquisition and an increase in employee-related expenses to support future growth, partially offset by a decrease in employee incentive compensation costs.

Interest expense increased to $4.3 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $3.1 million for the first nine months of 2023. The period-over-period increase was primarily due to higher average debt balances during the first nine months of 2024 as compared to the first nine months of 2023.

Income tax expense was $5.2 million for the first nine months of 2024, with an effective tax rate of 26.6 percent, compared to income tax expense of $22.6 million for the first nine months of 2023, with an effective tax rate of 25.2 percent. The period-over-period change in tax rate was primarily due to lower pretax income and higher other permanent difference items, offset by lower stock compensation excess tax benefits. The increase in permanent difference items primarily related to deductibility limits of contingent compensation, associated with a prior acquisition, as well as higher U.S. taxes on Canadian income.

For the first nine months of 2024, net income was $14.3 million, or $0.86 per diluted share, compared to $66.9 million, or $3.98 per diluted share, for the same period of 2023.

BacklogAs of September 30, 2024, MYR's backlog was $2.60 billion, compared to $2.54 billion as of June 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, T&D backlog was $798.7 million, and C&I backlog was $1.80 billion. Total backlog at September 30, 2024 decreased $19.7 million, or 0.8 percent, from the $2.62 billion reported at September 30, 2023.

Balance SheetAs of September 30, 2024, MYR had $375.5 million of borrowing availability under its $490 million revolving credit facility.

Non-GAAP Financial MeasuresTo supplement MYR’s financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), MYR uses certain non-GAAP measures. Reconciliation to the nearest GAAP measures of all non-GAAP measures included in this press release can be found at the end of this release. MYR’s definitions of these non-GAAP measures may differ from similarly titled measures used by others. These non-GAAP measures should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

MYR believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful because they (i) provide both management and investors meaningful supplemental information regarding financial performance by excluding certain expenses and benefits that may not be indicative of recurring core business operating results, (ii) permit investors to view MYR’s performance using the same tools that management uses to evaluate MYR’s past performance, reportable business segments and prospects for future performance, (iii) publicly disclose results that are relevant to financial covenants included in MYR’s credit facility and (iv) otherwise provide supplemental information that may be useful to investors in evaluating MYR.

Conference CallMYR will host a conference call to discuss its third-quarter 2024 results on Thursday, October 31, 2024 at 8:00 a.m. Mountain time. To participate via telephone and join the call live, please register in advance here: https://register.vevent.com/register/BIcf56e5d4dfbd47ab90fa168c7ef8653c. Upon registration, telephone participants will receive a confirmation email detailing how to join the conference call, including the dial-in number and a unique passcode. Participants may access the audio-only webcast of the conference call from the Investors page of MYR Group’s website at myrgroup.com. A replay of the webcast will be available for seven days.

About MYR Group Inc. MYR Group is a holding company of leading, specialty electrical contractors providing services throughout the United States and Canada through two business segments: Transmission & Distribution (T&D) and Commercial & Industrial (C&I). MYR Group subsidiaries have the experience and expertise to complete electrical installations of any type and size. Through their T&D segment they provide services on electric transmission, distribution networks, substation facilities, clean energy projects and electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Their comprehensive T&D services include design, engineering, procurement, construction, upgrade, maintenance and repair services. T&D customers include investor-owned utilities, cooperatives, private developers, government-funded utilities, independent power producers, independent transmission companies, industrial facility owners and other contractors. Through their C&I segment, they provide a broad range of services which include the design, installation, maintenance and repair of commercial and industrial wiring generally for airports, hospitals, data centers, hotels, stadiums, commercial and industrial facilities, clean energy projects, manufacturing plants, processing facilities, water/waste-water treatment facilities, mining facilities, intelligent transportation systems, roadway lighting, signalization and electric vehicle charging infrastructure. C&I customers include general contractors, commercial and industrial facility owners, government agencies and developers. For more information, visit myrgroup.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsVarious statements in this announcement, including those that express a belief, expectation, or intention, as well as those that are not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements may include projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of specific projects and our future production, revenue, income, capital spending, segment improvements and investments. Forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “possible,” “potential,” “should,” “unlikely,” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. The forward-looking statements in this announcement speak only as of the date of this announcement. We disclaim any obligation to update these statements (unless required by securities laws), and we caution you not to rely on them unduly. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While our management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual results may differ materially from those projected. Forward-looking statements in this announcement should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect MYR's business, particularly those mentioned in the risk factors and cautionary statements in Item 1A. of MYR's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and in any risk factors or cautionary statements contained in MYR's subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

MYR Group Inc. Contact:Kelly M. Huntington, Chief Financial Officer, 847-290-1891, [e-mail]

Investor Contact:David Gutierrez, Dresner Corporate Services, 312-780-7204, [e-mail]

Financial tables follow…

MYR GROUP INC.Consolidated Balance SheetsAs of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023

(in thousands, except share and per share data)	September 30,2024				December 31,2023
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,569			$	24,899
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $977 and $1,987, respectively		571,342				521,893
Contract assets, net of allowances of $582 and $610, respectively		411,843				420,616
Current portion of receivable for insurance claims in excess of deductibles		9,056				8,267
Refundable income taxes		6,280				4,034
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		25,532				46,535
Total current assets		1,031,622				1,026,244
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $388,180 and $380,465, respectively		279,634				268,978
Operating lease right-of-use assets		40,665				35,012
Goodwill		115,970				116,953
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $34,036 and $30,534, respectively		79,077				83,516
Receivable for insurance claims in excess of deductibles		34,925				33,739
Investment in joint ventures		5,835				8,707
Other assets		5,331				5,597
Total assets	$	1,593,059			$	1,578,746
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	4,364			$	7,053
Current portion of operating lease obligations		11,136				9,237
Current portion of finance lease obligations		1,168				2,039
Accounts payable		329,971				359,363
Contract liabilities		262,557				240,411
Current portion of accrued self-insurance		25,394				28,269
Accrued income taxes		—				237
Other current liabilities		127,846				100,593
Total current liabilities		762,436				747,202
Deferred income tax liabilities		47,722				48,230
Long-term debt		88,822				29,188
Accrued self-insurance		54,262				51,796
Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities		29,529				25,775
Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities		2,312				314
Other liabilities		19,467				25,039
Total liabilities		1,004,550				927,544
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock—$0.01 par value per share; 4,000,000 authorized shares; none issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		—				—
Common stock—$0.01 par value per share; 100,000,000 authorized shares; 16,121,901 and 16,684,492 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		161				167
Additional paid-in capital		156,799				162,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(6,216)				(3,880)
Retained earnings		437,765				492,529
Total shareholders’ equity		588,509				651,202
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,593,059			$	1,578,746

MYR GROUP INC.Unaudited Consolidated Statements of OperationsThree and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

	Three months endedSeptember 30,								Nine months endedSeptember 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)		2024				2023				2024				2023
Contract revenues	$	888,043			$	939,476			$	2,532,495			$	2,639,708
Contract costs		810,755				847,093				2,328,121				2,372,806
Gross profit		77,288				92,383				204,374				266,902
Selling, general and administrative expenses		57,456				59,879				181,528				174,618
Amortization of intangible assets		1,221				1,231				3,666				3,686
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(1,750)				(754)				(4,745)				(3,293)
Income from operations		20,361				32,027				23,925				91,891
Other income (expense):
Interest income		73				226				296				740
Interest expense		(2,016)				(1,319)				(4,311)				(3,059)
Other income (expense), net		112				(91)				(421)				(61)
Income before provision for income taxes		18,530				30,843				19,489				89,511
Income tax expense		7,881				9,331				5,178				22,563
Net income	$	10,649			$	21,512			$	14,311			$	66,948
Income per common share:
—Basic	$	0.65			$	1.29			$	0.86			$	4.01
—Diluted	$	0.65			$	1.28			$	0.86			$	3.98
Weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding:
—Basic		16,283				16,710				16,582				16,678
—Diluted		16,324				16,829				16,647				16,821

MYR GROUP INC.Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsNine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

	Nine months endedSeptember 30,
(in thousands)		2024				2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	14,311			$	66,948
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment		45,131				39,848
Amortization of intangible assets		3,666				3,686
Stock-based compensation expense		6,198				6,562
Deferred income taxes		(144)				—
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(4,745)				(3,293)
Other non-cash items		1,044				564
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(50,193)				(76,349)
Contract assets, net		8,212				(109,803)
Receivable for insurance claims in excess of deductibles		(1,975)				1,558
Other assets		21,687				21,503
Accounts payable		(20,607)				62,276
Contract liabilities		22,294				3,941
Accrued self-insurance		(402)				(1,119)
Other liabilities		21,519				12,070
Net cash flows provided by operating activities		65,996				28,392
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		6,815				3,998
Purchases of property and equipment		(63,634)				(63,791)
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(56,819)				(59,793)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under revolving lines of credit		584,070				354,467
Repayments under revolving lines of credit		(520,076)				(328,085)
Payment of principal obligations under equipment notes		(7,049)				(4,597)
Payment of principal obligations under finance leases		(2,083)				(872)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		—				20
Repurchase of common stock		(75,000)				—
Debt refinancing costs		(34)				(2,129)
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation		(5,866)				(7,936)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities		(26,038)				10,868
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(469)				(36)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(17,330)				(20,569)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period		24,899				51,040
End of period	$	7,569			$	30,471

MYR GROUP INC.Unaudited Consolidated Selected Data,Unaudited Performance Measure and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP MeasureFor the Three, Nine and Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 andAs of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022

	Three months endedSeptember 30,								Last twelve months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)		2024				2023				2024					2023
Summary Statement of Operations Data:
Contract revenues	$	888,043			$	939,476			$	3,536,692				$	3,503,664
Gross profit	$	77,288			$	92,383			$	301,869				$	363,171
Income from operations	$	20,361			$	32,027			$	61,127				$	128,676
Income before provision for income taxes	$	18,530			$	30,843			$	54,982				$	125,285
Income tax expense	$	7,881			$	9,331			$	16,629				$	33,764
Net income	$	10,649			$	21,512			$	38,353				$	91,521
Tax rate		42.5%				30.3%				30.2%					26.9%
Per Share Data:
Income per common share:
- Basic	$	0.65			$	1.29			$	2.31		(1)		$	5.49		(1)
- Diluted	$	0.65			$	1.28			$	2.29		(1)		$	5.45		(1)
Weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding:
- Basic		16,283				16,710				16,611		(2)			16,653		(2)
- Diluted		16,324				16,829				16,702		(2)			16,812		(2)

(in thousands)	September 30,2024			December 31,2023			September 30,2023			September 30,2022
Summary Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	1,593,059		$	1,578,746		$	1,560,733		$	1,329,956
Total shareholders’ equity	$	588,509		$	651,202		$	625,459		$	535,877
Goodwill and intangible assets	$	195,047		$	200,469		$	199,518		$	204,275
Total funded debt (3)	$	93,186		$	36,241		$	62,338		$	85,912

	Three months endedSeptember 30,														Nine months endedSeptember 30,
(dollars in thousands)		2024							2023							2024							2023
Segment Results:	Amount				Percent			Amount				Percent			Amount				Percent			Amount				Percent
Contract revenues:
Transmission & Distribution	$	481,876			54.3%			$	548,595			58.4%			$	1,430,480			56.5%			$	1,497,655			56.7%
Commercial & Industrial		406,167			45.7%				390,881			41.6%				1,102,015			43.5%				1,142,053			43.3%
Total	$	888,043			100.0%			$	939,476			100.0%			$	2,532,495			100.0%			$	2,639,708			100.0%
Operating income:
Transmission & Distribution	$	17,568			3.6%			$	36,262			6.6%			$	39,104			2.7%			$	106,817			7.1%
Commercial & Industrial		20,309			5.0%				13,932			3.6%				33,340			3.0%				37,182			3.3%
Total	$	37,877			4.3%			$	50,194			5.3%			$	72,444			2.9%			$	143,999			5.5%
Corporate		(17,516)			(2.0)%				(18,167)			(1.9)%				(48,519)			(1.9)%				(52,108)			(2.0)%
Consolidated	$	20,361			2.3%			$	32,027			3.4%			$	23,925			1.0%			$	91,891			3.5%

See notes at the end of this earnings release

MYR GROUP INC.Unaudited Performance Measures and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP MeasuresThree and Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

	Three months endedSeptember 30,								Last twelve months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share, per share data, ratios and percentages)		2024				2023				2024				2023
Financial Performance Measures (4):
EBITDA (5)	$	37,166			$	46,975			$	125,130			$	187,343
EBITDA per Diluted Share (6)	$	2.27			$	2.79			$	7.49			$	11.14
EBIA, net of taxes (7)	$	12,468			$	23,132			$	45,776			$	98,368
Free Cash Flow (8)	$	17,952			$	(9,513)			$	24,041			$	29,825
Book Value per Period End Share (9)	$	36.41			$	37.17
Tangible Book Value (10)	$	393,462			$	425,941
Tangible Book Value per Period End Share (11)	$	24.34			$	25.31
Funded Debt to Equity Ratio (12)		0.16				0.10
Asset Turnover (13)										2.27				2.63
Return on Assets (14)										2.5%				6.9%
Return on Equity (15)										6.1%				17.1%
Return on Invested Capital (16)										6.9%				15.8%
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures:
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA:
Net income	$	10,649			$	21,512			$	38,353			$	91,521
Interest expense, net		1,943				1,093				5,747				3,518
Income tax expense		7,881				9,331				16,629				33,764
Depreciation and amortization		16,693				15,039				64,401				58,540
EBITDA (5)	$	37,166			$	46,975			$	125,130			$	187,343
Reconciliation of Net Income per Diluted Share to EBITDA per Diluted Share:
Net income per share	$	0.65			$	1.28			$	2.29			$	5.45
Interest expense, net, per share		0.12				0.07				0.34				0.21
Income tax expense per share		0.48				0.55				1.00				2.00
Depreciation and amortization per share		1.02				0.89				3.86				3.48
EBITDA per Diluted Share (6)	$	2.27			$	2.79			$	7.49			$	11.14
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP measure:
Net income	$	10,649			$	21,512			$	38,353			$	91,521
Interest expense, net		1,943				1,093				5,747				3,518
Amortization of intangible assets		1,221				1,231				4,887				5,848
Tax impact of interest and amortization of intangible assets		(1,345)				(704)				(3,211)				(2,519)
EBIA, net of taxes (7)	$	12,468			$	23,132			$	45,776			$	98,368
Calculation of Free Cash Flow:
Net cash flow from operating activities	$	35,625			$	12,548			$	108,620			$	122,150
Less: cash used in purchasing property and equipment		(17,673)				(22,061)				(84,579)				(92,325)
Free Cash Flow (8)	$	17,952			$	(9,513)			$	24,041			$	29,825

See notes at the end of this earnings release.MYR GROUP INC.Unaudited Performance Measures and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP MeasuresAs of September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022

(in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
Reconciliation of Book Value to Tangible Book Value:
Book value (total shareholders' equity)	$	588,509			$	625,459
Goodwill and intangible assets		(195,047)				(199,518)
Tangible Book Value (10)	$	393,462			$	425,941
Reconciliation of Book Value per Period End Share to Tangible Book Value per Period End Share:
Book value per period end share	$	36.41			$	37.17
Goodwill and intangible assets per period end share		(12.07)				(11.86)
Tangible Book Value per Period End Share (11)	$	24.34			$	25.31
Calculation of Period End Shares:
Shares outstanding		16,122				16,710
Plus: common equivalents		41				119
Period End Shares (17)		16,163				16,829

(in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
Reconciliation of Invested Capital to Shareholders Equity:
Book value (total shareholders' equity)	$	588,509			$	625,459			$	535,877
Plus: total funded debt		93,186				62,338				85,912
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(7,569)				(30,471)				(35,767)
Invested Capital	$	674,126			$	657,326			$	586,022
Average Invested Capital (18)	$	665,726			$	621,674

See notes at the end of this earnings release.

(1) Last-twelve-months earnings per share is the sum of earnings per share reported in the last four quarters.(2) Last-twelve-months weighted average basic and diluted shares were determined by adding the weighted average shares reported for the last four quarters and dividing by four.(3) Funded debt includes outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our outstanding equipment notes.(4) These financial performance measures are provided as supplemental information to the financial statements. These measures are used by management to evaluate our past performance, our prospects for future performance and our ability to comply with certain material covenants as defined within our credit agreement, and to compare our results with those of our peers. In addition, we believe that certain of the measures, such as book value, tangible book value, free cash flow, asset turnover, return on equity, and debt leverage are measures that are monitored by sureties, lenders, lessors, suppliers and certain investors. Our calculation of each measure is described in the following notes; our calculation may not be the same as the calculations made by other companies.(5) EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to net cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Certain material covenants contained within our credit agreement are based on EBITDA with certain additional adjustments, including our interest coverage ratio and leverage ratio, which we must comply with to avoid potential immediate repayment of amounts borrowed or additional fees to seek relief from our lenders. In addition, management considers EBITDA a useful measure because it provides MYR Group Inc. and its investors with an additional tool to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes to not directly reflect the company’s core operations. Management further believes that EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our financial statements in evaluating the company’s operating performance and cash flow because EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, useful lives placed on assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.(6) EBITDA per diluted share is calculated by dividing EBITDA by the weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding for the period. EBITDA per diluted share is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to income per diluted share.(7) EBIA, net of taxes is defined as net income plus net interest plus amortization of intangible assets, less the tax impact of net interest and amortization of intangible assets. The tax impact of net interest and amortization of intangible assets is computed by multiplying net interest and amortization of intangible assets by the effective tax rate. Management uses EBIA, net of taxes, to measure our results exclusive of the impact of financing and amortization of intangible assets costs.(8) Free cash flow, which is defined as cash flow provided by operating activities minus cash flow used in purchasing property and equipment, is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to net income, cash flow from operations or the change in cash on the balance sheet. Management views free cash flow as a measure of operational performance, liquidity and financial health.(9) Book value per period end share is calculated by dividing total shareholders’ equity at the end of the period by the period end shares outstanding.(10) Tangible book value is calculated by subtracting goodwill and intangible assets outstanding at the end of the period from shareholders’ equity. Tangible book value is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to book value or shareholders’ equity.(11) Tangible book value per period end share is calculated by dividing tangible book value at the end of the period by the period end number of shares outstanding. Tangible book value per period end share is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to income per diluted share.(12) The funded debt to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total funded debt at the end of the period by total shareholders’ equity at the end of the period.(13) Asset turnover is calculated by dividing the current period revenue by total assets at the beginning of the period.(14) Return on assets is calculated by dividing net income for the period by total assets at the beginning of the period.(15) Return on equity is calculated by dividing net income for the period by total shareholders’ equity at the beginning of the period.(16) Return on invested capital is calculated by dividing EBIA, net of taxes, less any dividends, by average invested capital. Return on invested capital is not recognized under GAAP, and is a key metric used by management to determine our executive compensation.(17) Period end shares is calculated by adding average common stock equivalents for the quarter to the period end balance of common stock outstanding. Period end shares is not recognized under GAAP and does not purport to be an alternative to diluted shares. Management views period end shares as a better measure of shares outstanding as of the end of the period.(18) Average invested capital is calculated by adding net funded debt (total funded debt less cash and marketable securities) to total shareholders’ equity and calculating the average of the beginning and ending of each period.