Coastal Financial Corporation Announces Third Quarter 2024 Results

Coastal Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: CCB) (the “Company”, "Coastal", "we", "our", or "us"), the holding company for Coastal Community Bank (the “Bank”), through which it operates a community-focused bank with an industry leading banking as a service ("BaaS") segment, today reported unaudited financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, including net income of $13.5 million, or $0.97 per diluted common share, compared to $11.6 million, or $0.84 per diluted common share, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. 

Management Discussion of the Quarter

“The third quarter demonstrated strong momentum across both our community bank and CCBX operating segments, despite a still challenging operating environment,” said CEO Eric Sprink. “We saw high quality net loan growth of $92.4 million despite selling $423.7 million in loans. We are implementing strategies to increase fee income and we continue to build out and invest in an infrastructure that is scalable, and that we believe will enable us to be innovative leaders in financial services.”

Key Points for Third Quarter and Our Go-Forward Strategy

• Balance Sheet Well Positioned for Lower Rates. Our balance sheet stands in a modestly liability sensitive position as of September 30, 2024, with $1.95 billion of CCBX deposits that contractually reprice lower immediately upon any reduction in the Federal Funds Rate, with $1.09 billion of CCBX loans repricing in 90 days or less following such reduction. The Federal Open Market Committee recently lowered the targeted Federal Funds rate 0.50% on September 19, 2024; a reduction of 0.50% compared to June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. The rate decrease came late in the quarter, so the full impact of this and any subsequent rate changes will be reflected in future periods.
• Expanding Relationships with CCBX Partners. We continue to focus on expanding product offerings with existing CCBX partners. We believe that launching new products with existing partners positions us to reach a wide and established customer base with modest increase in enterprise risk. Products launched in 2024 with existing partners have gained traction and are growing the balance sheet and increasing income. The pipeline for CCBX is active, although we expect to remain selective in adding new partners to manage risk and capital.
• On-going Loan Sales. We sold $423.7 million loans in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 as part of our strategy to balance credit risk, manage partner and lending limits, protect capital levels and move credit card balances to an off balance sheet fee generating model. We are retaining a portion of the fee income for our role in processing transactions on sold credit card balances. This provides an on-going and passive revenue stream with no on balance sheet risk.
• Continued Regulatory and Compliance Infrastructure Investments Position Us Well for Next Phase of Growth. We continue to utilize co-sourced personnel as a component of our risk and compliance efforts. This flexible co-sourcing approach allows us to manage the growth of our internal team while also ensuring CCBX has the resources it needs. While we remain 100% indemnified against partner fraud losses, we were encouraged to see fraudulent activity amongst our partners remains low during the current quarter, compared to the same period last year, a positive indicator of our continued investments in our risk infrastructure.
• Reorganization and Strengthening of Talent to Accommodate Growth and Plans for the Future. We recently announced the bifurcation of the President of the Bank into two roles, appointing Brian Hamilton as President of CCBX, the Fintech and BaaS segment of the Bank, with Curt Queyrouze serving as President of the community bank and corporate credit.

Third Quarter 2024 Financial Highlights

The tables below outline some of our key operating metrics.

		Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				March 31, 2024				December 31,2023				September 30,2023
Income Statement Data:
Interest and dividend income		$	105,079			$	97,487			$	90,472			$	88,243			$	88,331
Interest expense			32,892				31,250				29,536				28,586				26,102
Net interest income			72,187				66,237				60,936				59,657				62,229
Provision for credit losses			70,257				62,325				83,158				60,789				27,253
Net interest (expense)/ income after provision for credit losses			1,930				3,912				(22,222	)			(1,132	)			34,976
Noninterest income			80,068				69,918				86,955				64,694				34,579
Noninterest expense			65,616				58,809				56,018				51,703				56,501
Provision for income tax			2,926				3,425				1,915				2,847				2,784
Net income			13,456				11,596				6,800				9,012				10,270
		As of and for the Three Month Period
		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				March 31,2024				December 31,2023				September 30,2023
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	484,026			$	487,245			$	515,128			$	483,128			$	474,946
Investment securities			48,620				49,213				50,090				150,364				141,489
Loans held for sale			7,565				—				797				—				—
Loans receivable			3,418,832				3,326,460				3,199,554				3,026,092				2,967,035
Allowance for credit losses			(170,263	)			(147,914	)			(139,258	)			(116,958	)			(101,085	)
Total assets			4,065,821				3,961,546				3,865,258				3,753,366				3,678,265
Interest bearing deposits			3,047,861				2,949,643				2,888,867				2,735,161				2,637,914
Noninterest bearing deposits			579,427				593,789				574,112				625,202				651,786
Core deposits (1)			3,190,869				3,528,339				3,447,864				3,342,004				3,269,082
Total deposits			3,627,288				3,543,432				3,462,979				3,360,363				3,289,700
Total borrowings			47,847				47,810				47,771				47,734				47,695
Total shareholders’ equity			331,930				316,693				303,709				294,978				284,450
Share and Per Share Data (2):
Earnings per share – basic		$	1.00			$	0.86			$	0.51			$	0.68			$	0.77
Earnings per share – diluted		$	0.97			$	0.84			$	0.50			$	0.66			$	0.75
Dividends per share			—				—				—				—				—
Book value per share (3)		$	24.51			$	23.54			$	22.65			$	22.17			$	21.38
Tangible book value per share (4)		$	24.51			$	23.54			$	22.65			$	22.17			$	21.38
Weighted avg outstanding shares – basic			13,447,066				13,412,667				13,340,997				13,286,828				13,285,974
Weighted avg outstanding shares – diluted			13,822,270				13,736,508				13,676,917				13,676,513				13,675,833
Shares outstanding at end of period			13,543,282				13,453,805				13,407,320				13,304,339				13,302,449
Stock options outstanding at end of period			198,370				286,119				309,069				354,969				356,359
See footnotes that follow the tables below

		As of and for the Three Month Period
		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				March 31,2024				December 31,2023				September 30,2023
Credit Quality Data:
Nonperforming assets (5) to total assets			1.34	%			1.34	%			1.42	%			1.43	%			1.18	%
Nonperforming assets (5) to loans receivable and OREO			1.60	%			1.60	%			1.71	%			1.78	%			1.47	%
Nonperforming loans (5) to total loans receivable			1.60	%			1.60	%			1.71	%			1.78	%			1.47	%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans			311.5	%			278.1	%			253.8	%			217.2	%			232.2	%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans receivable			4.98	%			4.45	%			4.35	%			3.86	%			3.41	%
Gross charge-offs		$	53,305			$	55,207			$	58,994			$	47,652			$	37,879
Gross recoveries		$	4,069			$	1,973			$	1,776			$	2,781			$	1,045
Net charge-offs to average loans (6)			5.65	%			6.57	%			7.34	%			5.92	%			4.77	%
Capital Ratios:
Company
Tier 1 leverage capital			8.40	%			8.31	%			8.24	%			8.10	%			8.03	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital			9.26	%			9.03	%			8.98	%			9.10	%			9.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital			9.35	%			9.13	%			9.08	%			9.20	%			9.11	%
Total risk-based capital			11.90	%			11.70	%			11.70	%			11.87	%			11.80	%
Bank
Tier 1 leverage capital			9.29	%			9.24	%			9.19	%			9.06	%			8.99	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital			10.36	%			10.15	%			10.14	%			10.30	%			10.21	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital			10.36	%			10.15	%			10.14	%			10.30	%			10.21	%
Total risk-based capital			11.65	%			11.44	%			11.43	%			11.58	%			11.48	%

(1)  Core deposits are defined as all deposits excluding brokered and all time deposits. (2)  Share and per share amounts are based on total actual or average common shares outstanding, as applicable. (3)  We calculate book value per share as total shareholders’ equity at the end of the relevant period divided by the outstanding number of our common shares at the end of each period.(4)  Tangible book value per share is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate tangible book value per share as total shareholders’ equity at the end of the relevant period, less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of our common shares at the end of each period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets as of any of the dates indicated. As a result, tangible book value per share is the same as book value per share as of each of the dates indicated. (5)  Nonperforming assets and nonperforming loans include loans 90+ days past due and accruing interest. (6)  Annualized calculations.

Key Performance Ratios

Return on average assets ("ROA") was 1.34% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to 1.21% and 1.13% for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.  ROA for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, increased 0.13% and 0.21% compared to June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Noninterest expenses were higher for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 largely due to an increase in BaaS loan expense, which is directly related to the increase in the amount of interest earned on CCBX loans.

The following table shows the Company’s key performance ratios for the periods indicated.  

		Three Months Ended
(unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			March 31,2024			December 31,2023			September 30,2023
Return on average assets (1)		1.34	%		1.21	%		0.73	%		0.97	%		1.13	%
Return on average equity (1)		16.67	%		15.22	%		9.21	%		12.35	%		14.60	%
Yield on earnings assets (1)		10.79	%		10.49	%		10.07	%		9.77	%		10.08	%
Yield on loans receivable (1)		11.43	%		11.23	%		10.85	%		10.71	%		10.84	%
Cost of funds (1)		3.62	%		3.60	%		3.52	%		3.39	%		3.18	%
Cost of deposits (1)		3.59	%		3.58	%		3.49	%		3.36	%		3.14	%
Net interest margin (1)		7.41	%		7.13	%		6.78	%		6.61	%		7.10	%
Noninterest expense to average assets (1)		6.54	%		6.14	%		6.04	%		5.56	%		6.23	%
Noninterest income to average assets (1)		7.98	%		7.30	%		9.38	%		6.95	%		3.81	%
Efficiency ratio		43.10	%		43.19	%		37.88	%		41.58	%		58.36	%
Loans receivable to deposits (2)		94.46	%		93.88	%		92.42	%		90.05	%		90.19	%

(1)  Annualized calculations shown for quarterly periods presented.(2)  Includes loans held for sale.

Management Outlook; CEO Eric Sprink

“As we look ahead to the fourth quarter and 2025, we remain laser focused on building out our technology and risk management infrastructure to more efficiently support our next phase of growth within CCBX. While the balance sheet re-mix earlier this year resulted in a short-term reduction to income, we continue to make strategic decisions which are enhancing credit quality, generating passive fee income, strengthening our talent and growing relationships with established and prospective CCBX partners all of which are expected to position Coastal to be more profitable in 2025.”

Coastal Financial Corporation Overview

The Company has one main subsidiary, the Bank which consists of three segments: CCBX, the community bank and treasury & administration.  The CCBX segment includes all of our BaaS activities, the community bank segment includes all community banking activities, and the treasury & administration segment includes treasury management, overall administration and all other aspects of the Company.  

CCBX Performance Update

Our CCBX segment continues to evolve, and we have 22 relationships, at varying stages, as of September 30, 2024.  We continue to refine the criteria for CCBX partnerships, are exiting relationships where it makes sense for us to do so and are focusing on larger more established partners, with experienced management teams, existing customer bases and strong financial positions.

We are expanding product offerings with our existing CCBX partners. We believe that launching new products with existing partners positions us to reach a wide and established customer base with a modest increase in regulatory risk given we have already vetted these partners and have operational history. Products launched earlier in the year with existing partners have gained traction and are growing the balance sheet and increasing income. We continue to sell loans as part of our strategy to balance partner and lending limits, and manage the loan portfolio and credit quality. We retain a portion of the fee income for our role in processing transactions on sold credit card balances. This is expected to provide an on-going and passive revenue stream with no on balance sheet risk.

The following table illustrates the activity and evolution in CCBX relationships for the periods presented.

		As of
(unaudited)		September 30, 2024	June 30,2024	September 30, 2023
Active		19	19	18
Friends and family / testing		1	1	1
Implementation / onboarding		1	1	1
Signed letters of intent		1	0	1
Wind down - active but preparing to exit relationship		0	0	1
Total CCBX relationships		22	21	22

CCBX loans increased $106.9 million, or 7.6%, despite selling $423.7 million loans during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $1.52 billion, while we continued to enhance credit standards on new CCBX loan originations. In accordance with the program agreement for one partner, effective April 1, 2024, the portion of the CCBX portfolio that we are responsible for losses on decreased from 10% to 5%. At September 30, 2024 the portion of this portfolio for which we are responsible represented $19.8 million in loans.

The following table details the CCBX loan portfolio:

CCBX		As of
		September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024							September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines		$	103,924			6.8	%		$	109,133			7.7	%		$	114,174			9.6	%
All other commercial & industrial loans			36,494			2.4				41,731			3.0				58,869			5.0
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans			265,402			17.5				287,950			20.4				251,775			21.3
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards			633,691			41.6				549,241			38.7				440,993			37.3
Other consumer and other loans			482,228			31.7				426,809			30.2				316,987			26.8
Gross CCBX loans receivable			1,521,739			100.0	%			1,414,864			100.0	%			1,182,798			100.0	%
Net deferred origination (fees) costs			(447	)						(438	)						(424	)
Loans receivable		$	1,521,292						$	1,414,426						$	1,182,374
Loan Yield - CCBX (1)(2)			17.35	%						17.77	%						17.05	%

(1)  CCBX yield does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense.  BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.(2)  Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

The increase in CCBX loans in the quarter ended September 30, 2024, includes an increase of $139.9 million or 14.3%, in consumer and other loans, partially offset by a $22.5 million, or 7.8%, decrease in residential real estate loans and a decrease of $5.2 million, or 4.8%, in capital call lines as a result of normal balance fluctuations and business activities. We continue to monitor and manage the CCBX loan portfolio, and sold $423.7 million in CCBX loans during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to sales of $155.2 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2024. We continue to reposition ourselves by managing CCBX credit and concentration levels in an effort to optimize our loan portfolio and generate off balance sheet fee income.

Our credit card program through CCBX continues to grow in dollars and number of active cards as shown in the graph below:

The following table details the CCBX deposit portfolio:

CCBX		As of
		September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024							September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing		$	60,655			2.9	%		$	62,234			3.0	%		$	67,782			3.9	%
Interest bearing demand and money market			1,991,858			94.6				1,989,105			96.7				1,679,921			95.9
Savings			5,204			0.3				5,150			0.3				4,529			0.2
Total core deposits			2,057,717			97.8				2,056,489			100.0				1,752,232			100.0
Other deposits			47,046			2.2				—			0.0				—			—
Total CCBX deposits		$	2,104,763			100.0	%		$	2,056,489			100.0	%		$	1,752,232			100.0	%
Cost of deposits (1)			4.82	%						4.92	%						4.80	%

(1)  Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.CCBX deposits increased $48.3 million, or 2.3%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $2.10 billion. This excludes the $214.5 million in CCBX deposits that were transferred off balance sheet for increased Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage purposes, compared to $117.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. Amounts in excess of FDIC insurance coverage are transferred, using a third party facilitator/vendor sweep product, to participating financial institutions.

Community Bank Performance Update

In the quarter ended September 30, 2024, the community bank saw net loans decrease $14.5 million, or 0.8%, to $1.90 billion.

The following table details the Community Bank loan portfolio:

Community Bank		As of
		September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024							September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans		$	152,161			8.0	%		$	144,436			7.5	%		$	158,232			8.8	%
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development loans			163,051			8.6				173,064			9.0				167,686			9.4
Residential real estate loans			212,467			11.2				229,639			12.0				225,372			12.6
Commercial real estate loans			1,362,452			71.5				1,357,979			70.8				1,237,849			69.1
Consumer and other loans:
Other consumer and other loans			14,173			0.7				14,220			0.7				2,483			0.1
Gross Community Bank loans receivable			1,904,304			100.0	%			1,919,338			100.0	%			1,791,622			100.0	%
Net deferred origination fees			(6,764	)						(7,304	)						(6,961	)
Loans receivable		$	1,897,540						$	1,912,034						$	1,784,661
Loan Yield(1)			6.64	%						6.52	%						6.20	%

(1)  Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.Community bank loans had a $10.0 million decrease in construction, land and land development loans, partially offset by an increase of $7.7 million in commercial and industrial loans and an increase in commercial real estate loans of $4.5 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2024; consumer and other loans were flat.

The following table details the community bank deposit portfolio:

Community Bank		As of
		September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024							September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total			Balance				% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing		$	518,772			34.1	%		$	531,555			35.6	%		$	584,004			37.9	%
Interest bearing demand and money market			552,108			36.3				876,668			59.0				852,747			55.5
Savings			62,272			4.1				63,627			4.3				80,099			5.2
Total core deposits			1,133,152			74.5				1,471,850			98.9				1,516,850			98.6
Other deposits			373,681			24.5				1			0.0				1			0.0
Time deposits less than $100,000			6,305			0.4				6,741			0.5				8,635			0.6
Time deposits $100,000 and over			9,387			0.6				8,351			0.6				11,982			0.8
Total Community Bank deposits		$	1,522,525			100.0	%		$	1,486,943			100.0	%		$	1,537,468			100.0	%
Cost of deposits(1)			1.92	%						1.77	%						1.31	%

(1)  Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.Community bank deposits increased $35.6 million, or 2.4%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $1.52 billion. This is the second consecutive quarter of growth after allowing higher rate balances to run-off earlier in the year. The community bank segment includes noninterest bearing deposits of $518.8 million, or 34.1%, of total community bank deposits, resulting in a cost of deposits of 1.92%, which compared to 1.77% for the quarter ended June 30, 2024.

Net Interest Income and Margin Discussion

Net interest income was $72.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $5.9 million, or 9.0%, from $66.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, and an increase of $10.0 million, or 16.0%, from $62.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net interest income compared to June 30, 2024, was a result of increased interest income due to an increase in average loans receivable partially offset by an increase in cost of funds. The increase in net interest income compared to September 30, 2023 was largely related to increased yield on loans resulting from higher interest rates and growth in higher yielding loans partially offset by an increase in cost of funds relating to higher interest rates and growth in interest bearing deposits.  

Net interest margin was 7.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 7.13% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, with the increase primarily due to higher loan yields. Net interest margin was 7.10% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was largely due to an increase in loan yield partially offset by higher interest rates on interest bearing deposits. Interest and fees on loans receivable increased $8.6 million, or 9.5%, to $99.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $90.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $15.9 million, or 19.1%, compared to $83.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to an increase in outstanding balances and higher interest rates. 

Average investment securities decreased $795,000 to $49.0 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and decreased $69.0 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 as a result of maturing securities.

Cost of funds was 3.62% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, an increase of 2 basis points from the quarter ended June 30, 2024 and an increase of 44 basis points from the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Cost of deposits for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 was 3.59%, compared to 3.58% for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, and 3.14% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The increased cost of funds and deposits compared to June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was due to the continued high interest rate environment. The late September reduction in the Fed funds rate is expected to help to lower our cost of deposits in future periods.

The following table summarizes the average yield on loans receivable and cost of deposits:

		For the Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024						June 30, 2024						September 30, 2023
		Yield onLoans (2)			Cost ofDeposits (2)			Yield onLoans (2)			Cost ofDeposits (2)			Yield onLoans (2)			Cost ofDeposits (2)
Community Bank		6.64	%		1.92	%		6.52	%		1.77	%		6.20	%		1.31	%
CCBX (1)		17.35	%		4.82	%		17.77	%		4.92	%		17.05	%		4.80	%
Consolidated		11.43	%		3.59	%		11.23	%		3.58	%		10.84	%		3.14	%

(1)  CCBX yield on loans does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense.  BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit and fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans.  To determine Net BaaS loan income earned from CCBX loan relationships, the Company takes BaaS loan interest income and deducts BaaS loan expense to arrive at Net BaaS loan income which can be compared to interest income on the Company’s community bank loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.(2)  Annualized calculations for periods shown.

The following tables illustrates how BaaS loan interest income is affected by BaaS loan expense resulting in net BaaS loan income and the associated yield:

		For the Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024						June 30, 2024						September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)		Income / Expense			Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans (2)			Income / Expense			Income / expense divided byaverage CCBX loans(2)			Income / Expense			Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans (2)
BaaS loan interest income		$	67,692		17.35	%		$	60,203		17.77	%		$	56,279		17.05	%
Less: BaaS loan expense			32,612		8.36	%			29,076		8.58	%			23,003		6.97	%
Net BaaS loan income (1)		$	35,080		8.99	%		$	31,127		9.19	%		$	33,276		10.08	%
Average BaaS Loans(3)		$	1,552,443					$	1,362,343					$	1,309,380

(1) A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth at the end of this earnings release.(2) Annualized calculations shown for quarterly periods presented.(3) Includes loans held for sale.

Noninterest Income Discussion

Noninterest income was $80.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $10.2 million from $69.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and an increase of $45.5 million from $34.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.  The increase in noninterest income over the quarter ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase of $9.9 million in total BaaS income.  The $9.9 million increase in total BaaS income included a $9.3 million increase in BaaS credit enhancements related to the provision for credit losses, a $300,000 increase in BaaS fraud enhancements, and an increase of $340,000 in BaaS program income. The increase in BaaS program income is largely due to higher servicing and other BaaS fees, transaction fees and interchange fees and our primary BaaS source for recurring fee income (see “Appendix B” for more information on the accounting for BaaS allowance for credit losses and credit and fraud enhancements). Additionally, other income increased $229,000 largely due to increased incoming ACH activity.

The $45.5 million increase in noninterest income over the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to a $43.4 million increase in BaaS credit and fraud enhancements, and an increase of $2.0 million in BaaS program income.

Noninterest Expense DiscussionTotal noninterest expense increased $6.8 million to $65.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $58.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and increased $9.1 million from $56.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in noninterest expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in BaaS expense (including a $300,000 increase in BaaS fraud expense and a $3.5 million increase in BaaS loan expense). BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements, and originating & servicing CCBX loans. BaaS fraud expense represents non-credit fraud losses on partner’s customer loan and deposit accounts. A portion of this expense is realized during the quarter in which the loss occurs, and a portion is estimated based on historical or other information from our partners, partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in excise taxes (due to the recording of $1.2 million business and occupation tax credit from the State of Washington which resulted in the recognition of a net credit of $706,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, compared to expense of $762,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024). We also recorded an increase of $587,000 in data processing and software licenses as a result of our continued investment in our infrastructure and the automation of our processes so that they are scalable and an increase of $499,000 in point of sale expenses as a result of increased partner transaction activity.

The increase in noninterest expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was largely due to an increase of $8.8 million in BaaS partner expense (including a $9.6 million increase in BaaS loan expense partially offset by a decrease of $766,000 in BaaS fraud expense), a $1.1 million increase in data processing and software licenses due to enhancements in technology, and a $526,000 increase in occupancy expense, largely due to higher software depreciation/amortization expense, partially offset by a $986,000 decrease in salary and employee benefits largely as a result of some one-time costs that were expensed in the quarter ended September 30, 2023 for which there was no similar expense in the current quarter, and an $850,000 decrease in legal and professional expenses as a result of risk management and projects being completed.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $2.8 million for the third quarter of 2023.  The income tax provision was lower for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024 as a result of the deductibility of certain equity awards which reduced tax expense despite net income being higher and higher than the quarter ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to higher net income compared to that quarter.

The Company is subject to various state taxes that are assessed as CCBX activities and employees expand into other states, which has increased the overall tax rate used in calculating the provision for income taxes in the current and future periods. The Company uses a federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% as a basis for calculating provision for federal income taxes and 2.62% for calculating the provision for state income taxes.

Financial Condition Overview

Total assets increased $104.3 million, or 2.6%, to $4.07 billion at September 30, 2024 compared to $3.96 billion at June 30, 2024.  The increase is primarily due to stronger loan growth partially offset by lower cash balances. Total loans receivable increased $92.4 million to $3.42 billion at September 30, 2024, from $3.33 billion at June 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the capacity to borrow up to a total of $656.3 million from the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and Federal Home Loan Bank, and an additional $50.0 million from a correspondent bank no borrowings outstanding on these lines as of September 30, 2024.

The Company had a cash balance of $5.9 million as of September 30, 2024, which is retained for general operating purposes, including debt repayment, and for funding $530,000 in commitments to bank technology funds.  

Uninsured deposits were $542.2 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $532.9 million as of June 30, 2024.

Total shareholders’ equity increased $15.2 million since June 30, 2024.  The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily due to $13.5 million in net earnings, combined with an increase of $1.8 million in common stock outstanding as a result of equity awards exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company and the Bank remained well capitalized at September 30, 2024, as summarized in the following table.

(unaudited)		Coastal Community Bank			Coastal Financial Corporation			Minimum Well Capitalized Ratios under Prompt Corrective Action (1)
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)		9.29	%		8.40	%		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		10.36	%		9.26	%		6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		10.36	%		9.35	%		8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		11.65	%		11.90	%		10.00	%

(1) Presents the minimum capital ratios for an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, to be considered well capitalized under the Prompt Corrective Action framework. The minimum requirements for the Company to be considered well capitalized under Regulation Y include to maintain, on a consolidated basis, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0 percent or greater and a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0 percent or greater.

Asset Quality

The total allowance for credit losses was $170.3 million and 4.98% of loans receivable at September 30, 2024 compared to $147.9 million and 4.45% at June 30, 2024 and $101.1 million and 3.41% at September 30, 2023. The allowance for credit loss allocated to the CCBX portfolio was $150.1 million and 9.87% of CCBX loans receivable at September 30, 2024, with $20.1 million of allowance for credit loss allocated to the community bank or 1.06% of total community bank loans receivable.

The following table details the allocation of the allowance for credit loss as of the period indicated:

		As of September 30, 2024												As of June 30, 2024												As of September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Community Bank				CCBX				Total				Community Bank				CCBX				Total				Community Bank				CCBX				Total
Loans receivable		$	1,897,540			$	1,521,292			$	3,418,832			$	1,912,034			$	1,414,426			$	3,326,460			$	1,784,661			$	1,182,374			$	2,967,035
Allowance for credit losses			(20,132	)			(150,131	)			(170,263	)			(21,045	)			(126,869	)			(147,914	)			(21,316	)			(79,769	)			(101,085	)
Allowance for credit losses to total loans receivable			1.06	%			9.87	%			4.98	%			1.10	%			8.97	%			4.45	%			1.19	%			6.75	%			3.41	%

Net charge-offs totaled $49.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to $53.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 and $36.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans decreased to 5.65% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to 6.57% for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, which we believe is a result of the steps we took manage our credit quality.   CCBX partner agreements provide for a credit enhancement that covers the net-charge-offs on CCBX loans and negative deposit accounts by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses, except in accordance with the program agreement for one partner where the Company was responsible for credit losses on approximately 5% of a $400.8 million loan portfolio. At September 30, 2024, our portion of this portfolio represented $19.8 million in loans. Net charge-offs for this $19.8 million in loans were $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $579,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The following table details net charge-offs for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

		Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024												June 30, 2024												September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Community Bank				CCBX				Total				Community Bank				CCBX				Total				Community Bank				CCBX				Total
Gross charge-offs		$	398			$	52,907			$	53,305			$	2			$	55,205			$	55,207			$	3			$	37,876			$	37,879
Gross recoveries			(3	)			(4,066	)			(4,069	)			(4	)			(1,969	)			(1,973	)			(3	)			(1,042	)			(1,045	)
Net charge-offs		$	395			$	48,841			$	49,236			$	(2	)		$	53,236			$	53,234			$	—			$	36,834			$	36,834
Net charge-offs to average loans (1)			0.08	%			12.52	%			5.65	%			0.00	%			15.72	%			6.57	%			0.00	%			11.16	%			4.77	%

(1) Annualized calculations shown for periods presented.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, a $72.1 million provision for credit losses - loans was recorded for CCBX partner loans based on management’s analysis, compared to the $62.2 million provision for credit losses - loans that was recorded for CCBX for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses.

In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans and reclassified negative deposit accounts. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments is recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is relieved when credit enhancement recoveries are received from the CCBX partner. If our partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to additional credit losses. Management regularly evaluates and manages this counterparty risk.

The factors used in management’s analysis for community bank credit losses indicated that a provision recapture of $519,000 and was needed for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to a provision recapture of $341,000 and provision of $664,000 for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The recapture in the current period was largely due to a change in remaining average lives of community bank loans.

The following table details the provision expense/(recapture) for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Community bank		$	(519	)		$	(341	)		$	664
CCBX			72,104				62,231				26,493
Total provision expense		$	71,585			$	61,890			$	27,157

At September 30, 2024, our nonperforming assets were $54.7 million, or 1.34%, of total assets, compared to $53.2 million, or 1.34%, of total assets, at June 30, 2024, and $43.5 million, or 1.18%, of total assets, at September 30, 2023. These ratios are impacted by nonperforming CCBX loans that are covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements. As of September 30, 2024, $52.0 million of the $53.6 million in nonperforming CCBX loans were covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements described above.

Nonperforming assets increased $1.5 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024. This change is largely due to an increase in CCBX nonaccrual loans partially offset by a decrease in community bank nonaccrual loans. CCBX nonaccrual loans increased $8.0 million as a result of a new collection practice that places certain loans on nonaccrual status to improve collectability, $5.3 million of these loans are less than 90 days past due as of September 30, 2024. CCBX loans that are past due 90 days or more and still accruing was $45.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to $45.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. As a result of the type of loans (primarily consumer loans) originated through our CCBX partners we anticipate that balances 90 days past due or more and still accruing will generally increase as those loan portfolios grow. Installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners will continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and are reported as substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. There were no repossessed assets or other real estate owned at September 30, 2024. Our nonperforming loans to loans receivable ratio was 1.60% at September 30, 2024, compared to 1.60% at June 30, 2024, and 1.47% at September 30, 2023.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2024, there were $395,000 community bank net charge-offs and $1.1 million nonperforming community bank loans. For the quarter ended September 30, 2024 $48.8 million in net charge-offs were recorded on CCBX loans. These CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses.

The following table details the Company’s nonperforming assets for the periods indicated.

Consolidated		As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans		$	198			$	—			$	2
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development			—				—				—
Residential real estate			44				213				176
Commercial real estate			831				7,731				7,145
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards			7,987				—				—
Total nonaccrual loans			9,060				7,944				7,323
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans			1,593				1,278				1,387
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans			3,025				2,722				1,462
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards			34,562				36,465				24,807
Other consumer and other loans			6,412				4,779				8,561
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more			45,592				45,244				36,217
Total nonperforming loans			54,652				53,188				43,540
Real estate owned			—				—				—
Repossessed assets			—				—				—
Total nonperforming assets		$	54,652			$	53,188			$	43,540
Total nonaccrual loans to loans receivable			0.27	%			0.24	%			0.25	%
Total nonperforming loans to loans receivable			1.60	%			1.60	%			1.47	%
Total nonperforming assets to total assets			1.34	%			1.34	%			1.18	%

The following tables detail the CCBX and community bank nonperforming assets which are included in the total nonperforming assets table above.

CCBX		As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Nonaccrual loans:
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		$	7,987			$	—			$	—
Total nonaccrual loans			7,987				—				—
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans			1,593				1,278				1,387
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans			3,025				2,722				1,462
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards			34,562				36,465				24,807
Other consumer and other loans			6,412				4,779				8,561
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more			45,592				45,244				36,217
Total nonperforming loans			53,579				45,244				36,217
Other real estate owned			—				—				—
Repossessed assets			—				—				—
Total nonperforming assets		$	53,579			$	45,244			$	36,217
Total CCBX nonperforming assets to total consolidated assets			1.32	%			1.14	%			0.98	%

Community Bank		As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans		$	198			$	—			$	2
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development			—				—				—
Residential real estate			44				213				176
Commercial real estate			831				7,731				7,145
Total nonaccrual loans			1,073				7,944				7,323
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more			—				—				—
Total nonperforming loans			1,073				7,944				7,323
Other real estate owned			—				—				—
Repossessed assets			—				—				—
Total nonperforming assets		$	1,073			$	7,944			$	7,323
Total community bank nonperforming assets to total consolidated assets			0.03	%			0.20	%			0.20	%

About Coastal Financial

Coastal Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: CCB) (the “Company”), is an Everett, Washington based bank holding company whose wholly owned subsidiaries are Coastal Community Bank (“Bank”) and Arlington Olympic LLC.  The $4.07 billion Bank provides service through 14 branches in Snohomish, Island, and King Counties, the Internet and its mobile banking application.  The Bank provides banking as a service to broker-dealers, digital financial service providers, companies and brands that want to provide financial services to their customers through the Bank's CCBX segment.  To learn more about the Company visit www.coastalbank.com. 

CCB-ER

Contact

Eric Sprink, Chief Executive Officer, [phone]Joel Edwards, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, [phone]

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. Any statements about our management’s expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “intends” and similar words or phrases. Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this earnings release may turn out to be inaccurate. The inclusion of or reference to forward-looking information in this earnings release should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent period filed and in any of our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATIONCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)
ASSETS
		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				March 31,2024				December 31,2023				September 30,2023
Cash and due from banks		$	45,327			$	59,995			$	32,790			$	31,345			$	29,984
Interest earning deposits with other banks			438,699				427,250				482,338				451,783				444,962
Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value			38				39				41				99,504				98,939
Investment securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost			48,582				49,174				50,049				50,860				42,550
Other investments			10,757				10,664				10,583				10,227				11,898
Loans held for sale			7,565				—				797				—				—
Loans receivable			3,418,832				3,326,460				3,199,554				3,026,092				2,967,035
Allowance for credit losses			(170,263	)			(147,914	)			(139,258	)			(116,958	)			(101,085	)
Total loans receivable, net			3,248,569				3,178,546				3,060,296				2,909,134				2,865,950
CCBX credit enhancement asset			167,251				143,485				137,276				107,921				91,867
CCBX receivable			16,060				11,520				10,369				9,088				10,623
Premises and equipment, net			25,833				24,526				22,995				22,090				20,543
Lease right-of-use assets			5,427				5,635				5,756				5,932				6,126
Accrued interest receivable			23,664				23,617				24,681				26,819				23,428
Bank-owned life insurance, net			13,255				13,132				12,991				12,870				12,970
Deferred tax asset, net			3,083				2,221				2,221				3,806				4,404
Other assets			11,711				11,742				12,075				11,987				14,021
Total assets		$	4,065,821			$	3,961,546			$	3,865,258			$	3,753,366			$	3,678,265
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits		$	3,627,288			$	3,543,432			$	3,462,979			$	3,360,363			$	3,289,700
Subordinated debt, net			44,256				44,219				44,181				44,144				44,106
Junior subordinated debentures, net			3,591				3,591				3,590				3,590				3,589
Deferred compensation			369				405				442				479				513
Accrued interest payable			1,070				999				1,061				892				1,056
Lease liabilities			5,609				5,821				5,946				6,124				6,321
CCBX payable			39,188				34,536				33,095				33,651				38,229
Other liabilities			12,520				11,850				10,255				9,145				10,301
Total liabilities			3,733,891				3,644,853				3,561,549				3,458,388				3,393,815
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock			134,769				132,989				131,601				130,136				129,244
Retained earnings			197,162				183,706				172,110				165,311				156,299
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(1	)			(2	)			(2	)			(469	)			(1,093	)
Total shareholders’ equity			331,930				316,693				303,709				294,978				284,450
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	4,065,821			$	3,961,546			$	3,865,258			$	3,753,366			$	3,678,265

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATIONCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)
		Three Months Ended
		September 30,2024			June 30,2024				March 31,2024				December 31,2023				September 30,2023
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Interest and fees on loans		$	99,590		$	90,944			$	84,621			$	81,159			$	83,652
Interest on interest earning deposits with other banks			4,781			5,683				4,780				5,687				3,884
Interest on investment securities			675			686				1,034				1,225				766
Dividends on other investments			33			174				37				172				29
Total interest income			105,079			97,487				90,472				88,243				88,331
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits			32,083			30,578				28,867				27,916				25,451
Interest on borrowed funds			809			672				669				670				651
Total interest expense			32,892			31,250				29,536				28,586				26,102
Net interest income			72,187			66,237				60,936				59,657				62,229
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES			70,257			62,325				83,158				60,789				27,253
Net interest income/(expense) after provision for credit losses			1,930			3,912				(22,222	)			(1,132	)			34,976
NONINTEREST INCOME
Deposit service charges and fees			952			946				908				957				998
Loan referral fees			—			—				168				—				1
Gain on sales of loans, net			—			—				—				—				107
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, net			2			9				15				80				5
Other income			486			257				308				60				291
Noninterest income, excluding BaaS program income and BaaS indemnification income			1,440			1,212				1,399				1,097				1,402
Servicing and other BaaS fees			1,044			1,525				1,131				1,015				997
Transaction fees			1,696			1,309				1,122				1,006				1,036
Interchange fees			1,853			1,625				1,539				1,272				1,216
Reimbursement of expenses			1,843			1,637				1,033				1,076				1,152
BaaS program income			6,436			6,096				4,825				4,369				4,401
BaaS credit enhancements			70,108			60,826				79,808				58,449				25,926
BaaS fraud enhancements			2,084			1,784				923				779				2,850
BaaS indemnification income			72,192			62,610				80,731				59,228				28,776
Total noninterest income			80,068			69,918				86,955				64,694				34,579
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits			17,101			17,005				17,984				16,490				18,087
Occupancy			1,750			1,686				1,518				1,340				1,224
Data processing and software licenses			3,511			2,924				2,892				2,417				2,366
Legal and professional expenses			3,597			3,631				3,672				2,649				4,447
Point of sale expense			1,351			852				869				899				1,068
Excise taxes			762			(706	)			320				449				541
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") assessments			740			690				683				665				694
Director and staff expenses			559			470				400				478				529
Marketing			67			14				53				138				169
Other expense			1,482			1,383				1,867				1,089				1,523
Noninterest expense, excluding BaaS loan and BaaS fraud expense			30,920			27,949				30,258				26,614				30,648
BaaS loan expense			32,612			29,076				24,837				24,310				23,003
BaaS fraud expense			2,084			1,784				923				779				2,850
BaaS loan and fraud expense			34,696			30,860				25,760				25,089				25,853
Total noninterest expense			65,616			58,809				56,018				51,703				56,501
Income before provision for income taxes			16,382			15,021				8,715				11,859				13,054
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES			2,926			3,425				1,915				2,847				2,784
NET INCOME		$	13,456		$	11,596			$	6,800			$	9,012			$	10,270
Basic earnings per common share		$	1.00		$	0.86			$	0.51			$	0.68			$	0.77
Diluted earnings per common share		$	0.97		$	0.84			$	0.50			$	0.66			$	0.75
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic			13,447,066			13,412,667				13,340,997				13,286,828				13,285,974
Diluted			13,822,270			13,736,508				13,676,917				13,676,513				13,675,833

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATIONAVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – QUARTERLY(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)
		For the Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024										June 30, 2024										September 30, 2023
		Average Balance				Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			Average Balance				Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			Average Balance				Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits with other banks		$	350,915			$	4,781		5.42	%		$	418,165			$	5,683		5.47	%		$	285,596			$	3,884		5.40	%
Investment securities, available for sale (2)			40				—		—				43				—		3.13				100,283				543		2.15
Investment securities, held to maturity (2)			48,945				675		5.49				49,737				686		5.55				17,703				223		5.00
Other investments			11,140				33		1.18				10,592				174		6.61				11,943				29		0.96
Loans receivable (3)			3,464,871				99,590		11.43				3,258,042				90,944		11.23				3,062,214				83,652		10.84
Total interest earning assets			3,875,911				105,079		10.79				3,736,579				97,487		10.49				3,477,739				88,331		10.08
Noninterest earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses			(151,292	)									(138,472	)									(100,329	)
Other noninterest earning assets			268,903										255,205										220,750
Total assets		$	3,993,522									$	3,853,312									$	3,598,160
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits		$	2,966,527			$	32,083		4.30	%		$	2,854,575			$	30,578		4.31	%		$	2,515,093			$	25,451		4.01	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings			9,717				140		5.73				1,648				3		0.73				—				—		—
Subordinated debt			44,234				598		5.38				44,197				598		5.44				44,084				580		5.22
Junior subordinated debentures			3,591				71		7.87				3,590				71		7.95				3,589				71		7.85
Total interest bearing liabilities			3,024,069				32,892		4.33				2,904,010				31,250		4.33				2,562,766				26,102		4.04
Noninterest bearing deposits			588,178										584,661										698,532
Other liabilities			60,101										58,267										57,865
Total shareholders' equity			321,174										306,374										278,997
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	3,993,522									$	3,853,312									$	3,598,160
Net interest income						$	72,187									$	66,237									$	62,229
Interest rate spread									6.46	%									6.17	%									6.04	%
Net interest margin (4)									7.41	%									7.13	%									7.10	%

(1)  Yields and costs are annualized.(2) For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.(3)  Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.(4)  Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by the average total interest earning assets.

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATIONSELECTED AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – BY SEGMENT - QUARTERLY(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)
		For the Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024									June 30, 2024									September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)		AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)
Community Bank
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable (2)		$	1,912,428		$	31,898		6.64	%		$	1,895,699		$	30,741		6.52	%		$	1,752,834		$	27,373		6.20	%
Total interest earning assets			1,912,428			31,898		6.64				1,895,699			30,741		6.52				1,752,834			27,373		6.20
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits			982,280			7,264		2.94	%			938,033			6,459		2.77	%			920,707			5,067		2.18	%
Intrabank liability			406,641			5,540		5.42				429,452			5,836		5.47				223,221			3,036		5.40
Total interest bearing liabilities			1,388,921			12,804		3.67				1,367,485			12,295		3.62				1,143,928			8,103		2.81
Noninterest bearing deposits			523,507									528,214									608,906
Net interest income					$	19,094								$	18,446								$	19,270
Net interest margin(3)								3.97	%								3.91	%								4.36	%
CCBX
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable (2)(4)		$	1,552,443		$	67,692		17.35	%		$	1,362,343		$	60,203		17.77	%		$	1,309,380		$	56,279		17.05	%
Intrabank asset			496,475			6,764		5.42				610,646			8,299		5.47				374,632			5,095		5.40
Total interest earning assets			2,048,918			74,456		14.46				1,972,989			68,502		13.96				1,684,012			61,374		14.46
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits			1,984,247			24,819		4.98	%			1,916,542			24,119		5.06	%			1,594,386			20,384		5.07	%
Total interest bearing liabilities			1,984,247			24,819		4.98				1,916,542			24,119		5.06				1,594,386			20,384		5.07
Noninterest bearing deposits			64,671									56,447									89,626
Net interest income					$	49,637								$	44,383								$	40,990
Net interest margin(3)								9.64	%								9.05	%								9.66	%
Net interest margin, net of Baas loan expense (5)								3.31	%								3.12	%								4.24	%

		For the Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2024									June 30, 2024									September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)		AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)			AverageBalance			Interest &Dividends			Yield / Cost (1)
Treasury & Administration
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits with other banks		$	350,915		$	4,781		5.42	%		$	418,165		$	5,683		5.47	%		$	285,596		$	3,884		5.40	%
Investment securities, available for sale (6)			40			—		—				43			—		3.13				100,283			543		2.15
Investment securities, held to maturity (6)			48,945			675		5.49				49,737			686		5.55				17,703			223		5.00
Other investments			11,140			33		1.18				10,592			174		6.61				11,943			29		0.96
Total interest earning assets			411,040			5,489		5.31	%			478,537			6,543		5.50	%			415,525			4,679		4.47	%
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
FHLB advances and borrowings		$	9,717		$	140		5.73	%			1,648			3		0.73	%			—			—		—	%
Subordinated debt			44,234			598		5.38	%			44,197			598		5.44	%			44,084			580		5.22	%
Junior subordinated debentures			3,591			71		7.87				3,590			71		7.95				3,589			71		7.85
Intrabank liability, net (7)			89,834			1,224		5.42				181,194			2,463		5.47				151,411			2,059		5.40
Total interest bearing liabilities			147,376			2,033		5.49				230,629			3,135		5.47				199,084			2,710		5.40
Net interest income					$	3,456								$	3,408								$	1,969
Net interest margin(3)								3.34	%								2.86	%								1.88	%

(1)  Yields and costs are annualized. (2)  Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans. (3)  Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by the average total interest earning assets. (4)  CCBX yield does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield. (5)  Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense includes the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements, originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release. (6) For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. (7)  Intrabank assets and liabilities are consolidated for period calculations and presented as intrabank asset, net or intrabank liability, net in the table above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such financial performance.

However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for an analysis based on GAAP measures. As other companies may use different calculations for these adjusted measures, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled adjusted measures reported by other companies.

The following non-GAAP measures are presented to illustrate the impact of BaaS loan expense on net loan income and yield on CCBX loans and the impact of BaaS loan expense on net interest income and net interest margin.

Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact BaaS loan expense on net BaaS loan income and the yield on CCBX loans. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is yield on CCBX loans.

Net interest income net of BaaS loan expense is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact BaaS loan expense on net interest income. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net interest income.

Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact of BaaS loan expense on net interest rate margin. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net interest margin.

Reconciliations of the GAAP and non-GAAP measures are presented below.

		As of and for the Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans:
CCBX loan yield (GAAP)(1)			17.35	%			17.77	%			17.05	%
Total average CCBX loans receivable		$	1,552,443			$	1,362,343			$	1,309,380
Interest and earned fee income on CCBX loans (GAAP)			67,692				60,203				56,279
BaaS loan expense			(32,612	)			(29,076	)			(23,003	)
Net BaaS loan income		$	35,080			$	31,127			$	33,276
Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans (1)			8.99	%			9.19	%			10.08	%
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense:
CCBX interest margin (1)			9.64	%			9.05	%			9.66	%
CCBX earning assets			2,048,918				1,972,989				1,684,012
Net interest income			49,637				44,383				40,990
Less: BaaS loan expense			(32,612	)			(29,076	)			(23,003	)
Net interest income, net of BaaS loan expense		$	17,025			$	15,307			$	17,987
CCBX net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense (1)			3.31	%			3.12	%			4.24	%

(1) Annualized calculations for periods presented.

APPENDIX A - As of September 30, 2024

Industry Concentration

We have a diversified loan portfolio, representing a wide variety of industries. Our major categories of loans are commercial real estate, consumer and other loans, residential real estate, commercial and industrial, and construction, land and land development loans. Together they represent $3.43 billion in outstanding loan balances. When combined with $2.29 billion in unused commitments the total of these categories is $5.72 billion.

Commercial real estate loans represent the largest segment of our loans, comprising 39.8% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of September 30, 2024. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $41.5 million, and the combined total in commercial real estate loans represents $1.40 billion, or 24.6% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our commercial real estate portfolio as of September 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Outstanding Balance			Available Loan Commitments			Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment			% of Total Loans(Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)			Average Loan Balance			Number of Loans
Apartments		$	382,498		$	5,685		$	388,183		6.8	%		$	3,714		103
Hotel/Motel			155,441			189			155,630		2.7				6,758		23
Convenience Store			142,366			614			142,980		2.5				2,296		62
Office			123,423			8,204			131,627		2.3				1,371		90
Warehouse			102,818			2,000			104,818		1.8				1,743		59
Retail			107,934			620			108,554		1.9				1,018		106
Mixed use			93,490			5,273			98,763		1.7				1,154		81
Mini Storage			79,395			14,330			93,725		1.7				3,452		23
Strip Mall			44,089			—			44,089		0.8				6,298		7
Manufacturing			34,599			1,200			35,799		0.6				1,193		29
Groups < 0.70% of total			96,393			3,392			99,785		1.8				1,205		80
Total		$	1,362,446		$	41,507		$	1,403,953		24.6	%		$	2,055		663

Consumer loans comprise 33.0% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of September 30, 2024. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $1.07 billion, and the combined total in consumer and other loans represents $2.20 billion, or 38.4% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments. As illustrated in the table below, our CCBX partners bring in a large number of mostly smaller dollar loans, resulting in an average consumer loan balance of just $900. CCBX consumer loans are underwritten to CCBX credit standards and underwriting of these loans is regularly tested, including quarterly testing for partners with portfolio balances greater than $10.0 million.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our consumer and other loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Outstanding Balance			Available Loan Commitments			Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment (1)			% of Total Loans(Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)			Average Loan Balance			Number of Loans
CCBX consumer loans
Credit cards		$	633,691		$	1,055,684		$	1,689,375		29.5	%		$	1.7		369,404
Installment loans			471,813			7,112			478,925		8.4				0.9		513,897
Lines of credit			1,362			—			1,362		0.0				2.4		558
Other loans			9,053			—			9,053		0.2				—		365,834
Community bank consumer loans
Installment loans			1,291			1			1,292		0.0				51.6		25
Lines of credit			194			365			559		0.0				6.1		32
Other loans			12,688			3,000			15,688		0.3				32.5		390
Total		$	1,130,092		$	1,066,162		$	2,196,254		38.4	%		$	0.9		1,250,140

(1)  Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits.

Residential real estate loans comprise 13.9% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of September 30, 2024. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $522.8 million, and the combined total in residential real estate loans represents $1.00 billion, or 17.5% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our residential real estate loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Outstanding Balance			Available Loan Commitments			Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment (1)			% of Total Loans(Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)			Average Loan Balance			Number of Loans
CCBX residential real estate loans
Home equity line of credit		$	265,402		$	472,385		$	737,787		12.9	%		$	25		10,742
Community bank residential real estate loans
Closed end, secured by first liens			176,066			2,961			179,027		3.1				555		317
Home equity line of credit			25,427			46,515			71,942		1.3				106		239
Closed end, second liens			10,974			925			11,899		0.2				366		30
Total		$	477,869		$	522,786		$	1,000,655		17.5	%		$	42		11,328

(1)  Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits.

Commercial and industrial loans comprise 8.5% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of September 30, 2024. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $598.4 million, and the combined total in commercial and industrial loans represents $891.0 million, or 15.6% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments. Included in commercial and industrial loans is $103.9 million in outstanding capital call lines, with an additional $504.6 million in available loan commitments which is limited to a $350.0 million portfolio maximum. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms through one of our CCBX BaaS clients. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every capital call line.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our commercial and industrial loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Outstanding Balance			Available Loan Commitments			Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment (1)			% of Total Loans(Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)			Average Loan Balance			Number of Loans
Consolidated C&I loans
Capital Call Lines		$	103,924		$	504,561		$	608,485		10.6	%		$	764		136
Construction/Contractor Services			27,463			34,658			62,121		1.1				136		202
Financial Institutions			48,648			—			48,648		0.9				4,054		12
Retail			33,003			5,725			38,728		0.7				15		2,247
Manufacturing			6,124			5,460			11,584		0.2				149		41
Medical / Dental / Other Care			6,864			2,731			9,595		0.2				528		13
Groups < 0.20% of total			66,553			45,299			111,852		2.0				58		1,143
Total		$	292,579		$	598,434		$	891,013		15.6	%		$	77		3,794

(1)  Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits.

Construction, land and land development loans comprise 4.8% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of September 30, 2024. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $63.5 million, and the combined total in construction, land and land development loans represents $226.6 million, or 4.0% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table details our loan commitment for our construction, land and land development portfolio as of September 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Outstanding Balance			Available Loan Commitments			Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment			% of Total Loans(Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)			Average Loan Balance			Number of Loans
Commercial construction		$	97,798		$	41,521		$	139,319		2.5	%		$	7,523		13
Residential construction			35,822			16,846			52,668		0.9				1,990		18
Developed land loans			14,863			723			15,586		0.3				743		20
Undeveloped land loans			8,606			4,086			12,692		0.2				574		15
Land development			5,968			345			6,313		0.1				597		10
Total		$	163,057		$	63,521		$	226,578		4.0	%		$	2,145		76

Exposure and risk in our construction, land and land development portfolio is in line with our average historically, compared to June 30, 2024 when the balance was elevated as indicated in the following table:

		Outstanding Balance as of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			March 31,2024			December 31,2023			September 30,2023
Commercial construction		$	97,798		$	110,372		$	102,099		$	81,489		$	91,396
Residential construction			35,822			34,652			28,751			34,213			33,971
Undeveloped land loans			8,606			8,372			8,190			7,890			8,310
Developed land loans			14,863			13,954			14,307			20,515			21,369
Land development			5,968			5,714			7,515			12,993			12,640
Total		$	163,057		$	173,064		$	160,862		$	157,100		$	167,686

Commitments to extend credit total $2.29 billion at September 30, 2024,   however we do not anticipate our customers using the $2.29 billion that is showing as available.

The following table presents outstanding commitments to extend credit as of September 30, 2024:

Consolidated
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		As of September 30, 2024
Commitments to extend credit:
Commercial and industrial loans		$	93,873
Commercial and industrial loans - capital call lines			504,561
Construction – commercial real estate loans			46,007
Construction – residential real estate loans			17,514
Residential real estate loans			522,786
Commercial real estate loans			41,507
Credit cards			1,055,684
Consumer and other loans			10,478
Total commitments to extend credit		$	2,292,410

We have individual CCBX partner portfolio limits with our each of our partners to manage loan concentration risk, liquidity risk, and counter-party partner risk. For example, as of September 30, 2024, capital call lines outstanding balance totaled $103.9 million, and while commitments totaled $504.6 million, the commitments are limited to a maximum of $350.0 million by agreement with the partner. If a CCBX partner goes over their individual limit, it would be a breach of their contract and the Bank may impose penalties and would not be required to fund the loan.

See the table below for CCBX portfolio maximums and related available commitments:

CCBX
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		Balance				Percent of CCBX loans receivable		Available Commitments (1)			Maximum Portfolio Size		Cash Reserve/Pledge Account Amount (2)
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines		$	103,924			6.8	%	$	504,561		$	350,000	$	—
All other commercial & industrial loans			36,494			2.4			16,922			285,153		675
Real estate loans:
Home equity lines of credit (3)			265,402			17.5			472,385			375,000		35,597
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards - cash secured			180						—					—
Credit cards - unsecured			633,511						1,055,684					37,065
Credit cards - total			633,691			41.6			1,055,684			807,263		37,065
Installment loans - cash secured			129,138						7,112					—
Installment loans - unsecured			342,675						—					2,222
Installment loans - total			471,813			31.0			7,112			1,630,027		2,222
Other consumer and other loans			10,415			0.7			—			7,557		383
Gross CCBX loans receivable			1,521,739			100.0	%		2,056,664			3,455,000	$	75,942
Net deferred origination fees			(447	)
Loans receivable		$	1,521,292

(1) Remaining commitment available, net of outstanding balance.(2) Balances are as of October 4, 2024.(3) These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card, but are classified as 1-4 family residential properties per regulatory guidelines.

APPENDIX B -As of September 30, 2024

CCBX – BaaS Reporting Information

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, $70.1 million was recorded in BaaS credit enhancements related to the provision for credit losses - loans and reserve for unfunded commitments for CCBX partner loans and negative deposit accounts. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement provided by the partner which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses. In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans, unfunded commitments and negative deposit accounts. When the provision for credit losses - loans and provision for unfunded commitments is recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements) in recognition of the CCBX partner legal commitment to indemnify or reimburse losses. The credit enhancement asset is relieved as credit enhancement payments and recoveries are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. Agreements with our CCBX partners also provide protection to the Bank from fraud by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred fraud losses. BaaS fraud includes noncredit fraud losses on loans and deposits originated through partners. Fraud losses are recorded when incurred as losses in noninterest expense, and the enhancement received from the CCBX partner is recorded in noninterest income, resulting in a net impact of zero to the income statement. Many CCBX partners also pledge a cash reserve account at the Bank which the Bank can collect from when losses occur that is then replenished by the partner on a regular interval. Although agreements with our CCBX partners provide for credit enhancements that provide protection to the Bank from credit and fraud losses by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred credit and fraud losses, if our partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligation then the bank would be exposed to additional loan and deposit losses if the cash flows on the loans were not sufficient to fund the reimbursement of loan losses, as a result of this counterparty risk. If a CCBX partner does not replenish their cash reserve account the Bank may consider an alternative plan for funding the cash reserve. This may involve the possibility of adjusting the funding amounts or timelines to better align with the partner's specific situation. If a mutually agreeable funding plan is not agreed to, the Bank could declare the agreement in default, take over servicing and cease paying the partner for servicing the loan and providing credit enhancements. The Bank would evaluate any remaining credit enhancement asset from the CCBX partner in the event the partner failed to determine if a write-off is appropriate. If a write-off occurs, the Bank would retain the full yield and any fee income on the loan portfolio going forward, and our BaaS loan expense would decrease once default occurred and payments to the CCBX partner were stopped.

The Bank records contractual interest earned from the borrower on CCBX partner loans in interest income, adjusted for origination costs which are paid or payable to the CCBX partner. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit and fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. To determine net revenue (Net BaaS loan income) earned from CCBX loan relationships, the Bank takes BaaS loan interest income and deducts BaaS loan expense to arrive at Net BaaS loan income (A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the preceding section of this earnings release.) which can be compared to interest income on the Company’s community bank loans.

The following table illustrates how CCBX partner loan income and expenses are recorded in the financial statements:

Loan income and related loan expense		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024				June 30,2024				September 30,2023
Yield on loans (1)			17.35	%			17.77	%			17.05	%
BaaS loan interest income		$	67,692			$	60,203			$	56,279
Less: BaaS loan expense			32,612				29,076				23,003
Net BaaS loan income (2)		$	35,080			$	31,127			$	33,276
Net BaaS loan income divided by average BaaS loans (1)(2)			8.99	%			9.19	%			10.08	%

(1) Annualized calculation for quarterly periods shown.(2) A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the preceding section of this earnings release.

An increase in average CCBX loans receivable resulted in increased interest income on CCBX loans during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase in average CCBX loans receivable was primarily due to growth in the CCBX loan portfolio as part of our strategy to optimize the CCBX loan portfolio and strengthen our balance sheet through originating higher quality new loans and enhanced credit standards. Increased interest rates and growth in CCBX loans and deposits has resulted in increases in interest income and expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

The following tables are a summary of the interest components, direct fees, and expenses of BaaS for the periods indicated and are not inclusive of all income and expense related to BaaS.

Interest income		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			September 30,2023
Loan interest income		$	67,692		$	60,203		$	56,279
Total BaaS interest income		$	67,692		$	60,203		$	56,279

Interest expense		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			September 30,2023
BaaS interest expense		$	24,819		$	24,119		$	20,384
Total BaaS interest expense		$	24,819		$	24,119		$	20,384

BaaS income		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			September 30,2023
BaaS program income:
Servicing and other BaaS fees		$	1,044		$	1,525		$	997
Transaction fees			1,696			1,309			1,036
Interchange fees			1,853			1,625			1,216
Reimbursement of expenses			1,843			1,637			1,152
BaaS program income			6,436			6,096			4,401
BaaS indemnification income:
BaaS credit enhancements			70,108			60,826			25,926
BaaS fraud enhancements			2,084			1,784			2,850
BaaS indemnification income			72,192			62,610			28,776
Total noninterest BaaS income		$	78,628		$	68,706		$	33,177

Servicing and other BaaS fees decreased $481,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024 while transaction fees and interchange fees increased $387,000 and $228,000, respectively. We expect servicing and other BaaS fees to decrease and transaction and interchange fees to increase as partner activity grows and contracted minimum fees are replaced with recurring fees and then exceed those minimum fees.

BaaS loan and fraud expense:		Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		September 30,2024			June 30,2024			September 30,2023
BaaS loan expense		$	32,612		$	29,076		$	23,003
BaaS fraud expense			2,084			1,784			2,850
Total BaaS loan and fraud expense		$	34,696		$	30,860		$	25,853

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/2d50cba0-18d9-4c78-8e96-0418250a8658