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Share Name | Share Symbol | Market | Type |
---|---|---|---|
abrdn Global Income Fund Inc | AMEX:FCO | AMEX | Common Stock |
Price Change | % Change | Share Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Shares Traded | Last Trade | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.06 | 1.01% | 5.98 | 5.99 | 5.92 | 5.99 | 32,490 | 21:00:06 |
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number: | 811-06342 | |
Exact name of registrant as specified in charter: | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | |
Address of principal executive offices: | 1900 Market Street, Suite 200 | |
Philadelphia, PA 19103 | ||
Name and address of agent for service: | Andrea Melia | |
abrdn Inc. | ||
1900 Market Street Suite 200 | ||
Philadelphia, PA 19103 | ||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: | 1-800-522-5465 | |
Date of fiscal year end: | October 31 | |
Date of reporting period: | October 31, 2022 |
Item 1. Reports to Stockholders.
1 | Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Investment returns and principal value will fluctuate and shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance quoted. Net asset value return data include investment management fees, custodial charges and administrative fees (such as Director and legal fees) and assumes the reinvestment of all distributions. |
2 | Assuming the reinvestment of dividends and distributions. |
3 | The Fund’s total return is based on the reported NAV for each financial reporting period end and may differ from what is reported on the Financial Highlights due to financial statement rounding or adjustments. |
4 | Blended Benchmark as defined in Total Investment Return section on Page 3. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 1 |
2 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
1 | If the price of a fund moves significantly over a short period of time it is said to be 'volatile' or has 'high volatility'. If the price remains relatively stable it is said to have 'low volatility'. Volatility can be used as a measure of risk. |
2 | The degree to which an asset or investment can be easily converted to cash, by sale at a fair price. Liquidity also describes the amount of cash held in a portfolio. |
3 | Companies whose bonds are rated as 'investment grade' have a lower chance of defaulting on their debt than those rated as 'non-investment grade'. Generally, these bonds are issued by long-established companies with strong balance sheets. Bonds rated BBB or above are known as Investment Grade Bonds. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 3 |
4 | A key measure of the value of a company, fund or trust – the total value of assets less liabilities, divided by the number of shares. |
5 | The Fund’s blended benchmark is composed of 10% ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch Australian Government Bond Index; 5% ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch New Zealand Government Bond Index; 25% ICE Bank of America Global High Yield Constrained Index (100% hedged to U.S. dollars); 25% iBoxx Asia Government (U.S. dollar unhedged); 35% J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond (EMBI) Global Diversified Index. |
6 | Usually refers to a fund being exposed by more than 100% of its net asset value to assets or markets; typically resulting from the use of debt or derivatives. |
7 | A portfolio holding an excess amount of a particular security (or sector or region) compared to the security’s weight in the benchmark portfolio. |
8 | Decisions made by a government, usually through its central bank, regarding the amount of money in circulation in the economy. This includes setting official interest rates. |
4 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
9 | A portfolio holding less of a particular security (or sector or region) than the security’s weight in the benchmark portfolio. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 5 |
6 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
* | The blended benchmark is summarized in the table below: |
Constituent Index | Weight |
ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch Australian Government Bond Index2 | 10.0% |
ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch New Zealand Government Bond Index3 | 5.0% |
iBoxx Asia Government (U.S. dollar unhedged)4 | 25.0% |
J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond (EMBI) Global Diversified Index5 | 35.0% |
ICE Bank of America Global High Yield Constrained Index6 | 25.0% |
1 | The Bloomberg Global Aggregate Index is a measure of global investment grade debt from 24 local currency markets. This multi-currency benchmark includes treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized fixed-rate bonds from both developed and emerging markets issuers. |
2 | The ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch Australian Government Bond Index tracks the performance of AUD denominated sovereign debt publicly issued by the Australian government in its domestic market. |
3 | The ICE Bank of America Merrill Lynch New Zealand Government Bond Index tracks the performance of NZD denominated sovereign debt publicly issued by the New Zealand government in its domestic market. |
4 | The iBoxx Asia Government (U.S. dollar unhedged) tracks the performance of local currency-denominated sovereign and quasi-sovereign debt from 11 Asian countries/territories. |
5 | The J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond (EMBI) Global Diversified Index is a comprehensive global local emerging markets index comprising liquid, fixed rate, domestic currency government bonds. |
6 | The ICE Bank of America Global High Yield Constrained Index contains all securities in the ICE BofA Global High Yield Index but caps issuer exposure at 2%. Index constituents are capitalization-weighted, based on their current amount outstanding, provided the total allocation to an individual issuer does not exceed 2%. Issuers that exceed the limit are reduced to 2% and the face value of each of their bonds is adjusted on a pro-rata basis. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 7 |
8 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Date | AAA/Aaa % |
AA/Aa % |
A % |
BBB/Baa % |
BB/Ba % |
B % |
CCC/CC/C % |
D % |
NR % |
October 31, 2022 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 11.9 | 34.9 | 24.1 | 6.2 | 0.2 | 13.5 |
April 30, 2022 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 9.6 | 34.3 | 27.9 | 7.1 | 0.2 | 13.6 |
October 31, 2021 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 13.0 | 28.0 | 35.6 | 8.1 | 0.0 | 9.4 |
(1) | For financial reporting purposes, credit quality ratings shown above reflect the lowest rating assigned by either S&P, Moody’s or Fitch if ratings differ. These rating agencies are independent, nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and are widely used. Investment grade ratings are credit ratings of BBB/Baa or higher. Below investment grade ratings are credit ratings of BB/Ba or lower. Investments designated NR are not rated by these rating agencies. Unrated investments do not necessarily indicate low credit quality. Credit quality ratings are subject to change. The Investment Manager evaluates the credit quality of unrated investments based upon, but not limited to, credit ratings for similar investments. |
Date | Developed
Markets % |
Investment
Grade Developing Markets % |
Sub-Investment
Grade Developing Markets % |
October 31, 2022 | 51.3 | 22.2 | 26.5 |
April 30, 2022 | 49.8 | 19.7 | 30.5 |
October 31, 2021 | 44.3 | 20.1 | 35.6 |
Date | Developing
Markets % |
Investment
Grade Developing Markets % |
Sub-Investment
Grade Developing Markets % |
October 31, 2022 | 82.8 | 12.8 | 4.4 |
April 30, 2022 | 77.8 | 15.1 | 7.1 |
October 31, 2021 | 79.6 | 14.3 | 6.1 |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 9 |
Date | Under
3 Years % |
Under
3 Years % |
5
to 10 Years % |
10
Years & Over % |
October 31, 2022 | 26.0 | 17.4 | 35.0 | 21.6 |
April 30, 2022 | 20.3 | 19.0 | 34.6 | 26.1 |
October 31, 2021 | 14.3 | 24.8 | 36.2 | 24.7 |
* | Modified duration is a measure of the sensitivity of the price of a bond to the fluctuations in interest rates. |
10 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Oct–22 | Apr–22 | Oct-21 | ||
Australia | 90 day Bank Bills | 3.09% | 0.70% | 0.08% |
10 yr bond | 3.14% | 1.83% | 0.58% | |
currency local per 1USD | $1.56 | $1.41 | $1.33 | |
New Zealand | 90 day Bank Bills | 4.10% | 1.97% | 0.80% |
10 yr bond | 4.19% | 3.64% | 2.64% | |
currency local per 1USD | $1.72 | $1.54 | $1.40 | |
Malaysia | 3-month T-Bills | 2.71% | 1.80% | 1.78% |
10 yr bond | 4.37% | 4.38% | 3.58% | |
currency local per 1USD | RM4.73 | RM4.35 | RM4.14 | |
India | 3-month T-Bills | 6.42% | 4.04% | 3.52% |
10 yr bond | 7.45% | 7.14% | 6.39% | |
currency local per 1USD | ₹82.78 | ₹76.44 | ₹74.88 | |
Indonesia | 3 months deposit rate | 3.55% | 3.26% | 3.50% |
10 yr bond | 7.51% | 6.97% | 6.03% | |
currency local per 1USD | Rp15,597.50 | Rp14,497.00 | Rp14,167.50 | |
Russia | Zero Cpn 3m | 7.48% | 13.09% | 7.46% |
10 yr bond | 15.99% | 15.99% | 8.22% | |
currency local per 1USD | ₽61.70 | ₽70.83 | ₽70.96 | |
USD Denominated Bonds | Mexico (3 months) | 6.48% | 5.00% | 3.08% |
Indonesia (3 months) | 5.88% | 4.01% | 2.20% | |
Argentina (3 months) | 23.20% | 23.20% | 23.20% | |
Romania (3 months) | 5.49% | 3.45% | 1.36% |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 11 |
12 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 13 |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 15 |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 17 |
At October 31, 2022, the Fund held the following forward foreign currency contracts: |
18 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
* | Certain contracts with different trade dates and like characteristics have been shown net. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 19 |
Assets | |
Investments, at value (cost $69,687,589) | $ 55,661,842 |
Short-term investments, at value (cost $4,669,525) | 4,669,525 |
Foreign currency, at value (cost $168,541) | 143,290 |
Cash | 28,548 |
Cash at broker for forward foreign currency contracts | 320,000 |
Interest and dividends receivable | 1,022,344 |
Receivable for common shares issued | 11,645 |
Unrealized appreciation on forward foreign currency exchange contracts | 52,487 |
Prepaid expenses in connection with the at-the-market stock offering (Note 5) | 168,886 |
Prepaid expenses in connection with the shelf registration (Note 5) | 53,134 |
Prepaid expenses in connection with revolving credit facility (Note 7) | 16,992 |
Prepaid expenses | 11,517 |
Total assets | 62,160,210 |
Liabilities | |
Revolving credit facility payable (Note 7) | 17,350,000 |
Unrealized depreciation on forward foreign currency exchange contracts | 666,031 |
Payable for investments purchased | 167,049 |
Interest payable on bank loan | 54,624 |
Cash due to broker for forward foreign currency contracts | 40,000 |
Investment management fees payable (Note 3) | 33,665 |
Administration fees payable (Note 3) | 6,474 |
Investor relations fees payable (Note 3) | 2,664 |
Deferred foreign capital gains tax | 295 |
Other accrued expenses | 61,369 |
Total liabilities | 18,382,171 |
Net Assets | $43,778,039 |
Composition of Net Assets | |
Common stock (par value $0.001 per share) (Note 5) | $ 11,003 |
Paid-in capital in excess of par | 66,943,321 |
Distributable accumulated loss | (23,176,285) |
Net Assets | $43,778,039 |
Net asset value per share based on 11,002,774 shares issued and outstanding | $ 3.98 |
20 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Net Investment Income | |
Investment Income: | |
Interest and amortization of discount and premium (net of foreign withholding taxes of $24,163) | $ 3,972,286 |
Total investment income | 3,972,286 |
Expenses: | |
Investment management fee (Note 3) | 444,957 |
Directors' fees and expenses | 213,438 |
Bank loan fees and expenses | 103,131 |
Independent auditors’ fees and expenses | 90,040 |
Administration fee (Note 3) | 85,569 |
Investor relations fees and expenses (Note 3) | 55,472 |
Reports to shareholders and proxy solicitation | 46,437 |
Transfer agent’s fees and expenses | 25,013 |
Legal fees and expenses | 19,192 |
Insurance expense | 13,248 |
Miscellaneous | 30,208 |
Total operating expenses, excluding interest expense | 1,126,705 |
Interest expense (Note 7) | 417,633 |
Total operating expenses before reimbursed/waived expenses | 1,544,338 |
Less: Investor relations fee waiver (Note 3) | (31,154) |
Net expenses | 1,513,184 |
Net Investment Income | 2,459,102 |
Net Realized/Unrealized Gain/(Loss) from Investments and Foreign Currency Related Transactions: | |
Net realized gain/(loss) from: | |
Investment transactions | (5,246,287) |
Interest rate swaps | 1,400,506 |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts | (431,675) |
Foreign currency transactions | (212,486) |
(4,489,942) | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on: | |
Investments (including change in deferred capital gains tax of $9,275) | (12,054,735) |
Interest rate swaps | 465,982 |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts | (724,642) |
Foreign currency translation | (1,570,539) |
(13,883,934) | |
Net realized and unrealized loss from investments, interest rate swaps, forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currencies | (18,373,876) |
Net Decrease in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | $(15,914,774) |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 21 |
For
the Year Ended October 31, 2022 |
For
the Year Ended October 31, 2021 | |
Increase/(Decrease) in Net Assets: | ||
Operations: | ||
Net investment income | $ 2,459,102 | $ 2,690,299 |
Net realized loss from investments, interest rate swaps, forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency transactions | (4,489,942) | (58,360) |
Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on investments, interest rate swaps, forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency translation | (13,883,934) | 2,172,922 |
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | (15,914,774) | 4,804,861 |
Distributions to Shareholders From: | ||
Distributable earnings | (1,030,650) | (1,828,954) |
Tax return of capital | (7,146,830) | (5,515,678) |
Net decrease in net assets from distributions | (8,177,480) | (7,344,632) |
Proceeds from at the market stock offering resulting in the issuance of 2,114,574 and 116,834 shares of common stock, respectively (Note 5) | 12,183,264 | 934,799 |
Expenses in connection with the at-the-market stock offering (Note 5) | (99,522) | (3,372) |
Expenses in connection with the shelf offering (Note 5) | (17,907) | (1,252) |
Reinvestment of dividends resulting in the issuance of 25,019 and 15,401 shares of common stock, respectively | 138,357 | 127,348 |
Change in net assets from capital transactions | 12,204,192 | 1,057,523 |
Change in net assets | (11,888,062) | (1,482,248) |
Net Assets: | ||
Beginning of year | 55,666,101 | 57,148,349 |
End of year | $43,778,039 | $55,666,101 |
22 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Cash flows from operating activities: | |
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations | $(15,914,774) |
Adjustments
to reconcile net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|
Investments purchased | (26,115,436) |
Investments sold and principal repayments | 25,195,988 |
Increase in short-term investments, excluding foreign government | (2,827,691) |
Net amortization/accretion of premium (discount) | (8,599) |
Increase in receivable for common shares sold | (809) |
Increase in cash due to broker for forward foreign currency exchange contracts | 30,000 |
Decrease in interest and dividends receivable | 75,063 |
Net change unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on forward foreign currency exchange contracts | 724,642 |
Increase in prepaid expenses | (62,687) |
Increase in interest payable on bank loan | 36,593 |
Decrease in accrued investment management fees payable | (17,542) |
Decrease in other accrued expenses | (88,452) |
Net change in unrealized depreciation of investments | 12,054,735 |
Net change unrealized depreciation on forward foreign currency translations | 1,570,539 |
Net realized loss on investments transactions | 5,246,287 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | (102,143) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | |
Decrease in due to custodian | (41,532) |
Repayment of revolving credit facility | (4,550,000) |
Distributions paid to shareholders | (8,177,480) |
Proceeds from stock offering | 12,183,264 |
Proceeds from reinvestment of dividends | 138,357 |
Net cash paid (received) for swap contracts | (38,403) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (485,794) |
Effect of exchange rate on cash | (6,267) |
Net change in cash | (594,204) |
Unrestricted and restricted cash and foreign currency, beginning of year | 1,086,042 |
Unrestricted and restricted cash and foreign currency, end of year | $ 491,838 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |
Cash paid for interest and fees on borrowing | $ 381,040 |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 23 |
Reconciliation of unrestricted and restricted cash to the statements of assets and liabilities | ||
Year
Ended October 31, 2022 |
Year
Ended October 31, 2021 | |
Cash | $ 28,548 | $ – |
Foreign currency, at value | 143,290 | 263,242 |
Cash at broker for interest rate swaps | – | 792,800 |
Cash at broker for forward foreign currency contracts | 320,000 | 30,000 |
$491,838 | $1,086,042 |
24 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
For the Fiscal Years Ended October 31, | |||||
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE(a): | |||||
Net asset value per common share, beginning of year | $6.28 | $6.55 | $7.83 | $7.99 | $9.17 |
Net investment income | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.44 |
Net realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on investments, interest rate swaps, futures contracts and foreign currency transactions | (1.92) | 0.22 | (0.76) | 0.33 | (0.78) |
Total from investment operations applicable to common shareholders | (1.67) | 0.53 | (0.44) | 0.68 | (0.34) |
Distributions to common shareholders from: | |||||
Net investment income | (0.10) | (0.21) | (0.17) | (0.36) | (0.16) |
Tax return of capital | (0.74) | (0.63) | (0.67) | (0.48) | (0.68) |
Total distributions | (0.84) | (0.84) | (0.84) | (0.84) | (0.84) |
Capital Share Transactions: | |||||
Impact of shelf offering | 0.21 | 0.04 | – | – | – |
Net asset value per common share, end of year | $3.98 | $6.28 | $6.55 | $7.83 | $7.99 |
Market price, end of year | $4.50 | $8.35 | $6.80 | $8.41 | $8.22 |
Total Investment Return Based on(b): | |||||
Market price | (37.38%) | 36.38% | (8.35%) | 13.46% | 1.27% |
Net asset value | (26.36%) | 6.49% | (5.18%) | 8.68% | (3.81%) |
Ratio to Average Net Assets Applicable to Common Shareholders/Supplementary Data: | |||||
Net assets applicable to common shareholders, end of year (000 omitted) | $43,778 | $55,666 | $57,148 | $68,335 | $69,693 |
Average net assets applicable to common shareholders (000 omitted) | $48,635 | $58,918 | $60,738 | $69,229 | $76,372 |
Net operating expenses, net of fee waivers | 3.11% | 2.62% | 2.89% | 3.45% | 3.03% |
Net operating expenses, excluding fee waivers | 3.18% | 2.66% | 2.93% | 3.46% | 3.06% |
Net operating expenses, excluding interest expense, net of fee waivers | 2.25% | 2.19% | 2.11% | 2.04% | 1.89% |
Net Investment income | 5.06% | 4.57% | 4.63% | 4.47% | 5.04% |
Portfolio turnover | 39% | 44% | 75% | 59% | 45% |
Revolving credit facility outstanding (000 omitted) | $17,350 | $21,900 | $20,300 | $29,300 | $28,600 |
Asset coverage ratio on revolving credit facility at year end | 352% | 354% | 382% | 333% | 344% |
Asset coverage per $1,000 on revolving credit facility at year end(c) | $3,523 | $3,542 | $3,815 | $3,332 | $3,437 |
(a) | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Total investment return based on market value is calculated assuming that shares of the Fund’s common stock were purchased at the closing market price as of the beginning of the period, dividends, capital gains and other distributions were reinvested as provided for in the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan and then sold at the closing market price per share on the last day of the period. The computation does not reflect any sales commission investors may incur in purchasing or selling shares of the Fund. The total investment return based on the net asset value is similarly computed except that the Fund’s net asset value is substituted for the closing market value. |
(c) | Asset coverage ratio is calculated by dividing net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes by the amount of any borrowings. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 25 |
26 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Security Type | Standard Inputs |
Debt and other fixed-income securities | Reported trade data, broker-dealer price quotations, benchmark yields, issuer spreads on comparable securities, credit quality, yield, and maturity. |
Forward foreign currency contracts | Forward exchange rate quotations. |
Swap agreements | Market information pertaining to the underlying reference assets, i.e., credit spreads, credit event probabilities, fair values, forward rates, and volatility measures. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 27 |
Investments, at Value | Level
1 – Quoted Prices |
Level
2 – Other Significant Observable Inputs |
Level
3 – Significant Unobservable Inputs |
Total |
Assets | ||||
Investments in Securities | ||||
Corporate Bonds | $ – | $ 38,257,785 | $– | $ 38,257,785 |
Government Bonds | – | 17,404,057 | – | 17,404,057 |
Warrants | – | – | – | – |
Short-Term Investment | 4,669,525 | – | – | 4,669,525 |
Total Investments | $4,669,525 | $55,661,842 | $– | $ 60,331,367 |
Other Financial Instruments | ||||
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | $ – | $ 52,487 | $– | $ 52,487 |
Total Assets | $4,669,525 | $55,714,329 | $– | $60,383,854 |
Liabilities | ||||
Other Financial Instruments | ||||
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | $ – | $ (666,031) | $– | $ (666,031) |
Total Liabilities | $ – | $ (666,031) | $– | $ (666,031) |
28 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 29 |
Risk Exposure Category | ||||||
Interest Rate Contracts |
Foreign Currency Contracts |
Credit Contracts |
Equity Contracts |
Commodity Contracts |
Total | |
Assets: | ||||||
Unrealized appreciation on: | ||||||
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | $– | $ 52,487 | $– | $– | $– | $ 52,487 |
Total | $– | $ 52,487 | $– | $– | $– | $ 52,487 |
Liabilities: | ||||||
Unrealized depreciation on: | ||||||
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | $– | $ 666,031 | $– | $– | $– | $ 666,031 |
Total | $– | $666,031 | $– | $– | $– | $666,031 |
30 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 31 |
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abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 33 |
34 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Maturity Date | Interest Rate |
Notional/ Carrying Amount |
Estimated Fair Value |
February 27, 2023 | 4.29 | $17,350,000 | $17,264,617 |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 35 |
36 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Tax
Cost of Securities |
Unrealized Appreciation |
Unrealized Depreciation |
Net Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation) |
$74,749,790 | $566,265 | $(15,019,791) | $(14,453,526) |
October 31, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | |
Distributions paid from: | ||
Ordinary Income | $1,030,650 | $ 1,828,954 |
Return of Capital | 7,146,830 | 5,515,678 |
Total tax character of distributions | $8,177,480 | $7,344,632 |
Undistributed Ordinary Income | $ - |
Undistributed Long-Term Capital Gains | - |
Total undistributed earnings | $ - |
Capital loss carryforward | $ (8,821,209)* |
Other currency gains | — |
Other Temporary Differences | 98,450 |
Unrealized Appreciation/(Depreciation) | (14,453,526)** |
Total accumulated earnings/(losses) – net | $(23,176,285) |
* | On October 31, 2022, the Fund had a net capital loss carryforward of $(8,821,209) which will be available to offset like amounts of any future taxable gains. The Fund is permitted to carry forward capital losses for an unlimited period and capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. The breakdown of capital loss carryforwards are as follows: |
Amounts | Expires |
$ 685,740 | Unlimited (Short-Term) |
8,135,469 | Unlimited (Long-Term) |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 37 |
38 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
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40 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
• | so-called “fallout benefits” to the Advisers and their affiliates, including indirect benefits. The Directors considered any possible conflicts of interest associated with these fallout and other benefits, and the reporting, disclosure and other processes in place to disclose and monitor such possible conflicts of interest. |
• | whether the Fund has operated in accordance with its investment objective and the Fund’s record of compliance with its investment restrictions, and the compliance programs of the Advisers. The Directors also considered the compliance-related resources the Advisers and their affiliates were providing to the Fund. |
• | the effect of any market and economic volatility on the performance, asset levels and expense ratios of the Fund. |
• | the nature, quality, cost and extent of administrative services provided by abrdn Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Manager, under a separate agreement covering administrative services. |
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60 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 61 |
62 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 63 |
64 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Number
of Funds in Fund Complex* Overseen by Director |
Other Directorships Held by Director** |
Interested Directors | |||||
Stephen
Bird† co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1967 |
Class II Director | Term as Director expires 2024; Director since 2021 | Mr. Bird joined the Board of abrdn plc in July 2020 as Chief Executive-Designate, and was formally appointed Chief Executive Officer in September 2020. Previously, Mr. Bird served as chief executive officer of global consumer banking at Citigroup from 2015, retiring from the role in November 2019. His responsibilities encompassed all consumer and commercial banking businesses in 19 countries, including retail banking and wealth management, credit cards, mortgages, and operations and technology supporting these businesses. Prior to this, Mr. Bird was chief executive for all of Citigroup’s Asia Pacific business lines across 17 markets in the region, including India and China. Mr. Bird joined Citigroup in 1998, and during his 21 years with the company he held a number of leadership roles in banking, operations and technology across its Asian and Latin American businesses. Before this, he held management positions in the UK at GE Capital – where he was director of UK operations from 1996 to 1998 – and at British Steel. | 28 | None. |
Independent Directors | |||||
Radhika
Ajmera co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1964 |
Class III Director | Term expires 2025; Director since 2021 | Ms. Ajmera was appointed Chair of abrdn Japan Equity Fund Inc in 2017, having served as a director since 2014. She has been an independent nonexecutive director of abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund VCC since 2015. She is also an independent non-executive director of abrdn Funds since 2020 and abrdn Global Income Fund Inc, abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund Inc and abrdn Australia Equity Fund Inc since 2021. She has over 20 years’ experience in fund management, predominantly in emerging markets. She has also held a number of UK closed end fund non-executive directorships. Ms. Ajmera is a graduate of the London School of Economics. | 23 | None. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 65 |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Number
of Funds in Fund Complex* Overseen by Director |
Other Directorships Held by Director** |
P.
Gerald Malone co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1950 |
Chairman of the Board; Class I Director | Term expires 2023; Director since 2005 | Mr. Malone is, by profession, a lawyer of over 40 years. Currently, he is a non-executive director of a number of U.S. companies, including Medality Medical (medical technology company) since 2018. He is also Chairman of many of the open and closed end funds in the Fund Complex. He previously served as a non-executive director of U.S. healthcare company Bionik Laboratories Corp. (2018 - July 2022), as Independent Chairman of UK companies Crescent OTC Ltd (pharmaceutical services) until February 2018; and fluidOil Ltd. (oil services) until June 2018; U.S. company Rejuvenan llc (wellbeing services) until September 2017 and as chairman of UK company Ultrasis plc (healthcare software services company) until October 2014. Mr. Malone was previously a Member of Parliament in the U.K. from 1983 to 1997 and served as Minister of State for Health in the U.K. government from 1994 to 1997. | 28 | None. |
William
J. Potter co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1948 |
Class II Director | Term expires 2024; Director since 1992 | Mr. Potter has been the Chairman of Arsenal Square Holdings (consulting and advisory) since 2018, a Director of Alexandria Bancorp (international banking and trustee services) since 1989, a Director of the National Foreign Trade Council (international trade) 1983-2017, director of Howell Biopharma Ltd (healthcare) since 2018, director and chairman of Arrow Robotics Ltd (technology) since 2018, and advisory board member of Nuvve Holding Corporation (technology) since 2020. He also serves on the boards or advisory boards of a number of private companies and charities including the Queen Elizabeth September 11th Garden and the National Foundation for Cancer Research. | 3 | None. |
Moritz
Sell co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1967 |
Class I Director | Term expires 2023; Director since 2018 | Mr. Sell currently serves as a Principal at Edison Holdings GmbH (commercial real estate and venture capital) (since October 2015). In addition, Mr. Sell served as Senior Advisor to Markston International LLC, an Independent Investment manager (from 2014 through 2019). | 3 | Swiss Helvetia Fund (since June 2017) and High Income Securities Fund (since June 2018). |
* | As of October 31, 2022, the Fund Complex consists of: abrdn Income Credit Strategies Fund, abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc., abrdn Australia Equity Fund, Inc., abrdn Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund, Inc., abrdn Japan Equity Fund, Inc., The India Fund, Inc., abrdn Global Dynamic Dividend Fund, abrdn Total Dynamic Dividend Fund, abrdn Global Premier Properties Fund, abrdn Global Infrastructure Income Fund, abrdn Funds (which consists of 19 portfolios) and abrdn ETFs (which consists of 3 portfolios). For the purposes of listing the number of funds in the Fund Complex overseen by each Board member, each portfolio of abrdn Funds and abrdn ETFs is counted individually. |
** | Current directorships (excluding Fund Complex) as of October 31, 2022 held in (1) any other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, (2) any company with a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) or (3) any company subject to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. |
† | Mr. Bird is considered to be an “interested person” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act because of his affiliation with the Investment Manager. |
66 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term
of Office* and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Kenneth
Akintewe** co abrdn Asia Limited 21 Church Street #01-01 Capital Square Two Singapore 049480 Year of Birth: 1980 |
Vice President | Since 2014 | Currently, Head of Asian Sovereign Debt on the Asian Fixed Income Team at abrdn. Mr. Akintewe joined abrdn in 2002. |
Joseph
Andolina** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1978 |
Chief Compliance Officer; Vice President –Compliance | Since 2017 | Currently, Chief Risk Officer – Americas for abrdn Inc. and serves as the Chief Compliance Officer for abrdn Inc. Prior to joining the Risk and Compliance Department, he was a member of abrdn Inc.'s Legal Department, where he served as US Counsel since 2012. |
Mark
Baker** co abrdn Asia Limited 21 Church Street #01-01 Capital Square Two Singapore 049480 Year of Birth: 1981 |
Vice President | Since 2019 | Currently, Head of Fixed Income – Hong Kong on the Asian Fixed Income Team at abrdn. Mr. Baker joined abrdn in 2012. |
Chris
Demetriou** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1983 |
Vice President | Since 2020 | Currently, Chief Executive Officer – UK, EMEA and Americas. Mr. Demetriou joined abrdn Inc. in 2013, as a result of the acquisition of SVG, a FTSE 250 private equity investor based in London. |
Sharon
Ferrari** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1977 |
Vice President | Since 2009 | Currently, Senior Product Manager for abrdn Inc. Prior to that she was a Senior Fund Administration Manager for abrdn Inc. Ms. Ferrari joined the company in June 2008. |
Alan
Goodson** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1974 |
Vice President | Since 2009 | Currently, Executive Director, Product & Client Solutions – Americas for abrdn Inc., overseeing Product Management & Governance , Product Development and Client Solutions for registered and unregistered investment companies in the U.S., Brazil and Canada. Mr. Goodson is Director and Vice President of abrdn Inc. and joined abrdn Inc. in 2000. |
Heather
Hasson** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1982 |
Vice President | Since 2021 | Currently, Senior Product Solutions and Implementation Manager for abrdn Inc. Ms. Hasson joined the company in November 2006. |
Robert
Hepp** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1986 |
Vice President | Since 2021 | Currently, Senior Product Governance Manager – US for abrdn Inc. Mr. Hepp joined abrdn Inc. as a Senior Paralegal in 2016. |
Megan
Kennedy** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1974 |
Vice President and Secretary | Since 2008 | Currently, Director, Senior Product Governance for abrdn Inc. Ms. Kennedy joined abrdn Inc. in 2005. |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 67 |
Name,
Address and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Fund |
Term
of Office* and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Andrew
Kim** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1983 |
Vice President | Since 2021 | Currently, Senior Product Governance Manager – US for abrdn Inc. Mr. Kim joined abrdn Inc. as a Product Manager in 2013. |
Brian
Kordeck** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1978 |
Vice President | Since 2021 | Currently, Senior Product Manager – US for abrdn Inc. Mr. Kordeck joined abrdn Inc. as a Senior Fund Administrator in 2013. |
Michael
Marsico** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1980 |
Vice President | Since 2021 | Currently, Senior Product Manager – US for abrdn Inc. Mr. Marsico joined abrdn Inc. as a Fund Administrator in 2014. |
Adam
McCabe** co abrdn Asia Limited 21 Church Street #01-01 Capital Square Two Singapore 049480 Year of Birth: 1979 |
Vice President | Since 2011 | Currently, Head of Fixed Income – Asia Pacific at abrdn. Mr. McCabe joined abrdn in 2009 following the acquisition of certain asset management businesses from Credit Suisse. |
Andrea
Melia** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1969 |
Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer | Since 2009 | Currently, Vice President and Senior Director, Product Management for abrdn Inc. Ms. Melia joined abrdn Inc. in September 2009. |
Christian
Pittard** c/o abrdn Investments Limited 280 Bishopsgate London, EC2M 4AG Year of Birth: 1973 |
President | Since 2009 | Currently, Group Head of Product Opportunities at abrdn and a Director of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC since 2010. Mr. Pittard joined abrdn from KPMG in 1999. |
Lucia
Sitar** co abrdn Inc. 1900 Market Street Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Year of Birth: 1971 |
Vice President | Since 2008 | Currently, Vice President and Head of Product Management and Governance for abrdn Inc. since 2020. Previously, Ms. Sitar was Managing U.S. Counsel for abrdn Inc. She joined abrdn Inc. as U.S. Counsel in July 2007. |
* | Officers hold their positions with the Fund until a successor has been duly elected and qualifies. Officers are elected annually at a meeting of the Board of Directors. |
** | Each officer may hold officer position(s) in one or more other funds which are part of the Fund Complex. |
68 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
Common Shareholder transaction expenses | |
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price)(1) | 1.50% |
Offering expenses (as a percentage of offering price)(2) | 1.32% |
Dividend reinvestment and optional cash purchase plan fees (per share for open-market purchases of common shares)(3) | |
Fee for Open Market Purchases of Common Shares | $0.02 (per share) |
Fee for Optional Shares Purchases | $5.00 (max) |
Sales of Shares Held in a Dividend Reinvestment Account | $0.12
(per share) and $25.00 (max) |
Total Transaction Expenses (as a percentage offering price)(1) | 2.82% |
Annual
expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares) | |
Advisory fee(4) | 0.91% |
Interest expenses on bank borrowings(5) | 0.77% |
Other expenses | 1.34% |
Total annual expenses | 3.02% |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 69 |
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
$ 31 | $ 93 | $ 159 | $ 334 |
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
$ 58 | $ 119 | $ 182 | $ 353 |
Fiscal Period Ended | Title of Security | Total
Principal Amount Outstanding |
Asset
Coverage Per $1,000 of Principal Amount |
|
October 31, 2022 | Senior Securities | $ 17,350,000 | $ 3,523 | |
October 31, 2021 | Senior Securities | $ 21,900,000 | $ 3,542 | |
October 31, 2020 | Senior Securities | $ 20,300,000 | $ 3,815 | |
October 31, 2019 | Senior Securities | $ 29,300,000 | $ 3,332 | |
October 31, 2018 | Senior Securities | $ 28,600,000 | $ 3,437 | |
October 31, 2017 | Senior Securities | $ 31,500,000 | $ 3,540 | |
October 31, 2016 | Senior Securities | $ 31,500,000 | $ 3,559 | |
October 31, 2015 | Senior Securities | $ 31,500,000 | $ 3,633 | |
October 31, 2014 | Senior Securities | $ 40,000,000 | $ 3,641 | |
October 31, 2013 | Senior Securities | $ 40,000,000 | $ 3,880 |
70 | abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. |
NYSE Market Price(1) | NAV at NYSE Market Price(1) | Market
Premium/(Discount) to NAV on Date of NYSE Market Price(1) |
||||
Quarter Ended (2) | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low |
October 31, 2022 | $5.35 | $4.30 | $4.59 | $3.88 | 18.63% | 8.04% |
July 31, 2022 | $5.90 | $4.95 | $4.92 | $4.23 | 21.62% | 14.58% |
April 30, 2022 | $7.35 | $5.55 | $5.90 | $4.91 | 25.64% | 9.90% |
January 31, 2022 | $8.44 | $6.78 | $6.30 | $5.84 | 34.82% | 11.15% |
October 31, 2021 | $9.71 | $7.70 | $6.61 | $6.28 | 48.50% | 21.80% |
July 31, 2021 | $9.33 | $8.36 | $6.82 | $6.53 | 42.90% | 23.50% |
April 30, 2021 | $8.79 | $7.98 | $7.04 | $6.67 | 29.26% | 14.16% |
January 31, 2021 | $8.10 | $7.45 | $7.10 | $6.55 | 14.08% | 8.13% |
October 31, 2020 | $7.60 | $6.31 | $6.81 | $6.53 | 12.02% | 3.37% |
July 31, 2020 | $6.85 | $5.52 | $6.71 | $6.08 | 2.24% | (10.76)% |
April 30, 2020 | $8.38 | $4.53 | $7.94 | $5.42 | 5.54% | (16.42)% |
January 31, 2020 | $8.48 | $7.78 | $7.99 | $7.70 | 7.61% | 0.39% |
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | 71 |
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
(a) | As of October 31, 2022, abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. (the “Fund” or the “Registrant”) had adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to the Registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, regardless of whether these individuals are employed by the Registrant or a third party (the “Code of Ethics”). |
(b) | Definitional. |
(c) | There have been no amendments, during the period covered by this report, to a provision of the Code of Ethics. |
(d) | During the period covered by this report, there were no waivers to the provisions of the Code of Ethics. |
(e) | Not applicable |
(f) | A copy of the Code of Ethics has been filed as an exhibit to this Form N-CSR. |
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The Registrant's Board of Directors has determined that Moritz Sell, a member of the Board of Directors’ Audit Committee, possesses the attributes, and has acquired such attributes through means, identified in instruction 2 of Item 3 to Form N-CSR to qualify as an “audit committee financial expert,” and has designated Mr. Sell as the Audit Committee’s financial expert. Mr. Sell is considered to be an “independent” director, as such term is defined in paragraph (a)(2) of Item 3 to Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
(a) – (d) Below is a table reflecting the fee information requested in Items 4(a) through (d):
Fiscal
Year Ended |
(a) Audit Fees1 |
(b) Audit-Related Fees2 |
(c) Tax Fees3 |
(d) All Other Fees4 |
||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 | $ | 125,780 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
Percentage approved pursuant to pre-approval exception5 | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||
October 31, 2021 | $ | 81,656 | $ | 50,000 | $ | 7,980 | $ | 0 | ||||||||
Percentage approved pursuant to pre-approval exception5 | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
1 “Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services for the audit of the Fund’s annual financial statements and services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
2 “Audit Related Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of financial statements that are not reported under “Audit Fees”. These fees include offerings related to the Fund’s common shares.
3 “Tax Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services for tax advice, tax compliance, and tax planning. These fees include: federal and state income tax returns, review of excise tax distribution calculations and federal excise tax return.
4 “All Other Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for products and services other than “Audit Fees”, “Audit-Related Fees” and “Tax Fees”.
5 Pre-approval exception under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X. The pre-approval exception for services provided directly to the Fund waives the pre-approval requirement for services other than audit, review or attest services if: (A) the aggregate amount of all such services provided constitutes no more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Fund to its accountant during the fiscal year in which the services are provided; (B) the Fund did not recognize the services as non-audit services at the time of the engagement; and (C) the services are promptly brought to the Audit Committee’s attention, and the Committee (or its delegate) approves the services before the audit is completed.
(e)(1) | The Registrant’s Audit Committee (the “Committee”) has adopted a Charter that provides that the Committee shall annually select, retain or terminate, and recommend to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, retention or termination, the Registrant’s independent auditor and, in connection therewith, to evaluate the terms of the engagement (including compensation of the independent auditor) and the qualifications and independence of the independent auditor, including whether the independent auditor provides any consulting, auditing or tax services to the Registrant’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”) or any sub-adviser, and to receive the independent auditor’s specific representations as to their independence, delineating all relationships that may affect the independent auditor’s independence, including the disclosures required by PCAOB Rule 3526 or any other applicable auditing standard. PCAOB Rule 3526 requires that, at least annually, the auditor: (1) disclose to the Committee in writing all relationships between the auditor and its related entities and the Registrant and its related entities that in the auditor’s professional judgment may reasonably be thought to bear on independence; (2) confirm in the letter that, in its professional judgment, it is independent of the Registrant within the meaning of the Securities Acts administered by the SEC; and (3) discuss the auditor’s independence with the audit committee. The Committee is responsible for actively engaging in a dialogue with the independent auditor with respect to any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the independent auditor and for taking, or recommending that the full Board take, appropriate action to oversee the independence of the independent auditor. The Committee Charter also provides that the Committee shall review in advance, and consider approval of, any and all proposals by Management or the Adviser that the Registrant, the Adviser or their affiliated persons, employ the independent auditor to render “permissible non-audit services” to the Registrant and to consider whether such services are consistent with the independent auditor’s independence. “Permissible non-audit services” include any professional services, including tax services, provided to the Registrant by the independent auditor, other than those provided to the Registrant in connection with an audit or a review of the financial statements of the Registrant. Permissible non-audit services may not include: (i) bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the Registrant; (ii) financial information systems design and implementation; (iii) appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions or contribution-in-kind reports; (iv) actuarial services; (v) internal audit outsourcing services; (vi) management functions or human resources; (vii) broker or dealer, investment adviser or investment banking services; (viii) legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit; and (ix) any other service the PCAOB determines, by regulation, is impermissible. Pre-approval by the Committee of any permissible non-audit services is not required so long as: (i) the aggregate amount of all such permissible non-audit services provided to the Registrant constitutes not more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid by the Registrant to its auditor during the fiscal year in which the permissible non-audit services are provided; (ii) the permissible non-audit services were not recognized by the Registrant at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee and approved by the Committee or its Delegate(s) prior to the completion of the audit. The Committee may delegate to one or more of its members (“Delegates”) authority to pre-approve permissible non-audit services to be provided to the Registrant. Any pre-approval determination of a Delegate shall be presented to the full Committee at its next meeting. Any pre-approval determination of a Delegate shall be presented to the full Committee at its next meeting. Pursuant to this authority, the Registrant’s Committee delegates to the Committee Chair, subject to subsequent ratification by the full Committee, up to a maximum amount of $25,000, which includes any professional services, including tax services, provided to the Registrant by its independent registered public accounting firm other than those provided to the Registrant in connection with an audit or a review of the financial statements of the Registrant. The Committee shall communicate any pre-approval made by it or a Delegate to the Adviser, who will ensure that the appropriate disclosure is made in the Registrant’s periodic reports required by Section 30 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and other documents as required under the federal securities laws. |
(e)(2) | None of the services described in each of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this Item involved a waiver of the pre-approval requirement by the Audit Committee pursuant to Rule 2-01 (c)(7)(i)(C) of Regulation S-X. |
(f) | Not applicable. |
(g) | Non-Audit Fees |
The following table shows the amount of fees that KPMG LLP billed during the Fund’s last two fiscal years for non-audit services to the Registrant, and to the Adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Fund (“Affiliated Fund Service Provider”):
Fiscal Year Ended | Total Non-Audit Fees Billed to Fund |
Total Non-Audit Fees billed to Adviser and Affiliated Fund Service Providers (engagements related directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Fund) |
Total Non-Audit Fees billed to Adviser and Affiliated Fund Service Providers (all other engagements) |
Total | ||||||||||||
October 31, 2022 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,108,929 | $ | 1,108,929 | ||||||||
October 31, 2021 | $ | 7,980 | $ | 0 | $ | 1,547,556 | $ | 1,555,536 |
“Non-Audit Fees billed to Fund” for both fiscal years represent “Tax Fees” and “All Other Fees” billed to Fund in their respective amounts from the previous table.
(h) | Not applicable. |
(i) | Not applicable. |
(j) | Not applicable. |
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
(a) | The Registrant has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(A)). |
As of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Audit Committee members were:
Radhika Ajmera
P. Gerald Malone
William J. Potter
Moritz Sell
(b) | Not applicable. |
Item 6. Schedule of Investments.
(a) Included as part of the Report to Shareholders filed under Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
(b) Not applicable.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Pursuant to the Registrant's Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures, the Registrant has delegated responsibility for its proxy voting to its Adviser, provided that the Registrant's Board of Directors has the opportunity to periodically review the Adviser's proxy voting policies and material amendments thereto.
The proxy voting policies of the Registrant are included herewith as Exhibit (c) and policies of the Adviser are included as Exhibit (d).
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
(a)(1) PORTFOLIO MANAGER BIOGRAPHIES
The Fund is managed by abrdn’s Asia-Pacific fixed income team which also draws on the expertise of abrdn’s fixed income team globally. The Asia-Pacific fixed income team works in a collaborative fashion; all team members have both portfolio management and research responsibilities. The team is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. As of the date of filing this report, the following individuals have primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio:
Individual & Position | Past Business Experience |
Kenneth
Akintewe Head of Asian Sovereign Debt |
Kenneth Akintewe is the Head of Asian Sovereign Debt on the Asia-Pacific fixed income team. Kenneth is responsible for coordinating Asian interest rate and foreign exchange strategy. He is also a Vice President and Officer for the abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund, abrdn Global Income Fund and abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Investment Company Limited. Following a graduate traineeship in 2002 with the Global Equities team in Glasgow, Kenneth joined the Global Fixed Income team in London in 2003. In his role as assistant fund manager he transferred to abrdn's Singapore office in 2004, in order to facilitate the incorporation of Asian fixed income into global bond portfolios, before joining the Asia-Pacific fixed income team in 2005 to focus on Asian local currency interest rate and foreign exchange strategy. Kenneth graduated with an MA in Economics and an MSc in International Banking and Financial Studies from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. |
Adam
McCabe Head of Fixed Income Asia Pacific |
Adam McCabe is the Head of Fixed Income - Asia Pacific at abrdn. Adam joined abrdn via the acquisition of certain asset management businesses from Credit Suisse in 2009. Adam worked for Credit Suisse since 2001, where he was a director/investment manager responsible for the development and implementation of its Asian currency and interest rate strategies. Before that, he was a member of Credit Suisse's Australian fixed income team, where he was responsible for interest rate and currency strategies. Adam was also Head of Fixed Income for Woori Credit Suisse Asset Management, Korea, where he was responsible for the fixed income and money market portfolio management, investment strategy and processes. Adam graduated with a BComm (First Class Honours and University Medal) from the University of Sydney, Australia and a Diploma in Global Finance from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. |
Max Wolman Investment Director – Fixed Income – Emerging Markets Debt |
Max Wolman is an Investment Director on the Emerging Markets Debt team at abrdn. Max joined abrdn in 2001, from Liontrust Asset Management, initially covering FX dealing at abrdn. In 2003 he joined the Emerging Markets Debt team bringing his knowledge of currencies to help analyze local emerging markets. He has since covered emerging market corporates and helped launch abrdn’s emerging markets corporate strategy, offering a top down view when investing in the asset class. He graduated with a BA (Hons) in Hospitality Business Management from Leeds Metropolitan University and he has a Graduate Diploma in Finance from the University of London. He is a CFA charterholder. |
(a)(2) OTHER ACCOUNTS MANAGED BY PORTFOLIO MANAGERS.
The following chart summarizes information regarding other accounts for which each portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities. Accounts are grouped into the following three categories: (1) registered investment companies; (2) other pooled investment vehicles; and (3) other accounts. To the extent that any of these accounts pay advisory fees that are based on account performance (“performance-based fees”), information on those accounts is provided separately. The figures in the chart below for the category of “registered investment companies” include the Fund. The “Other Accounts Managed” represents the accounts managed by the teams of which the portfolio manager is a member. The information in the table below is as of October 31, 2022.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Type of Accounts | Other
Accounts Managed |
Total Assets ($M) | Number
of Accounts Managed for Which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance ($M) |
|||||||||||
Kenneth Akintewe1 | Registered Investment Companies | 6 | $ | 1,431.72 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles | 41 | $ | 4,733.25 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts | 34 | $ | 9,631.29 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Adam McCabe1 | Registered Investment Companies | 6 | $ | 1,431.72 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles | 41 | $ | 4,733.25 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts | 34 | $ | 9,631.29 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Max Wolman1 | Registered Investment Companies | 6 | $ | 1,431.72 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||||
Pooled Investment Vehicles | 41 | $ | 4,733.25 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Other Accounts | 34 | $ | 9,631.29 | 0 | $ | 0 |
1 Includes accounts managed by the Global Emerging Markets Debt, Asian Fixed Income and Australian Fixed Income teams, of which the portfolio manager is a member.
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The Adviser and its affiliates (collectively referred to herein as “abrdn”) serve as investment advisers for multiple clients, including the Registrant and other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act and private funds (such clients are also referred to below as “accounts”). The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Registrant’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Registrant. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio manager could favor one account over another. However, the Adviser believes that these risks are mitigated by the fact that: (i) accounts with like investment strategies managed by a particular portfolio manager are generally managed in a similar fashion, subject to exceptions to account for particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, differences in cash flows and account sizes, and similar factors; and (ii) portfolio manager personal trading is monitored to avoid potential conflicts. In addition, the Adviser has adopted trade allocation procedures that require equitable allocation of trade orders for a particular security among participating accounts.
In some cases, another account managed by the same portfolio manager may compensate Aberdeen based on the performance-based fees with qualified clients. The existence of such a performance-based fee may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities.
Another potential conflict could include instances in which securities considered as investments for the Registrant also may be appropriate for other investment accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities for the Registrant and one or more of the other accounts simultaneously, the Adviser may aggregate the purchases and sales of the securities and will allocate the securities transactions in a manner that it believes to be equitable under the circumstances. As a result of the allocations, there may be instances where the Registrant will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Registrant from time to time, it is the opinion of the Adviser that the benefits from the policies outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from exposure to simultaneous transactions. The Registrant has adopted policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize conflicts of interest, although there is no guarantee that procedures adopted under such policies will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
With respect to non-discretionary model delivery accounts (including UMA accounts) and discretionary SMA accounts, abrdn Inc. will utilize a third party service provider to deliver model portfolio recommendations and model changes to the Sponsors. abrdn Inc. seeks to treat clients fairly and equitably over time, by delivering model changes to our service provider and investment instructions for our other discretionary accounts to our trading desk, simultaneously or approximately at the same time. The service provider will then deliver the model changes to each Sponsor on a when-traded, randomized full rotation schedule. All Sponsors will be included in the rotation schedule, including SMA and UMA.
UMA Sponsors will be responsible for determining how and whether to implement the model portfolio or model changes and implementation of any client specific investment restrictions. The Sponsors are solely responsible for determining the suitability of the model portfolio for each model delivery client, executing trades and seeking best execution for such clients.
As it relates to SMA accounts, abrdn Inc. will be responsible for managing the account on the basis of each client’s financial situation and objectives, the day to day investment decisions, best execution, accepting or rejecting client specific investment restrictions and performance. The SMA Sponsors will collect suitability information and will provide a summary questionnaire for our review and approval or rejection. For dual contract SMAs, abrdn Inc. will collect a suitability assessment from the client, along with the Sponsor suitability assessment. Our third party service provider will monitor client specific investment restrictions on a day to day basis. For SMA accounts, model trades will be traded by the Sponsor or may be executed through a “step-out transaction,”- or traded away- from the client’s Sponsor if doing so is consistent with abrdn’s obligation to obtain best execution. When placing trades through Sponsor Firms (instead of stepping them out), we will generally aggregate orders where it is possible and in the client’s best interests. In the event we are not comfortable that a Sponsor can obtain best execution for a specific security and trading away is infeasible, we may exclude the security from the model.
Trading costs are not covered by the Wrap Program fee and may result in additional costs to the client. In some instances, step-out trades are executed without any additional commission, mark-up, or mark-down, but in many instances, the executing broker-dealer may impose a commission or a mark-up or mark-down on the trade. Typically, the executing broker will embed the added costs into the price of the trade execution, making it difficult to determine and disclose the exact added cost to clients. In this instance, these additional trading costs will be reflected in the price received for the security, not as a separate commission, on trade confirmations or on account statements. In determining best execution for SMA accounts, abrdn Inc. takes into consideration that the client will not pay additional trading costs or commission if executing with the Sponsor.
While UMA accounts are invested in the same strategies as and may perform similarly to SMA accounts, there are expected to be performance differences between them. There will be performance dispersions between UMAs and other types of accounts because abrdn does not have discretion over trading and there may be client specific restrictions for SMA accounts.
abrdn may have already commenced trading for its discretionary client accounts before the model delivery accounts have executed abrdn's recommendations. In this event, trades placed by the model delivery clients may be subject to price movements, particularly with large orders or where securities are thinly traded, that may result in model delivery clients receiving less favorable prices than our discretionary clients. abrdn has no discretion over transactions executed by model delivery clients and is unable to control the market impact of those transactions.
Timing delays or other operational factors associated with the implementation of trades may result in non-discretionary and model delivery clients receiving materially different prices relative to other client accounts. In addition, the constitution and weights of stocks within model portfolios may not always be exactly aligned with similar discretionary accounts. This may create performance dispersions within accounts with the same or similar investment mandate.
(a)(3)
DESCRIPTION OF COMPENSATION STRUCTURE
abrdn’s remuneration policies are designed to support its business strategy as a leading international asset manager. The objective is to attract, retain and reward talented individuals for the delivery of sustained, superior returns for abrdn’s clients and shareholders. abrdn operates in a highly competitive international employment market, and aims to maintain its strong track record of success in developing and retaining talent.
abrdn’s policy is to recognize corporate and individual achievements each year through an appropriate annual bonus scheme. The bonus is a single, fully discretionary variable pay award. The aggregate value of awards in any year is dependent on the group’s overall performance and profitability. Consideration is also given to the levels of bonuses paid in the market. Individual awards, which are payable to all members of staff, are determined by a rigorous assessment of achievement against defined objectives.
The variable pay award is composed of a mixture of cash and a deferred award, the portion of which varies based on the size of the award. Deferred awards are by default abrdn plc shares, with an option to put up to 50% of the deferred award into funds managed by abrdn. Overall compensation packages are designed to be competitive relative to the investment management industry.
Base Salary
abrdn’s policy is to pay a fair salary commensurate with the individual’s role, responsibilities and experience, and having regard to the market rates being offered for similar roles in the asset management sector and other comparable companies. Any increase is generally to reflect inflation and is applied in a manner consistent with other abrdn employees; any other increases must be justified by reference to promotion or changes in responsibilities.
Annual Bonus
The Remuneration Committee determines the key performance indicators that will be applied in considering the overall size of the bonus pool. In line with practices amongst other asset management companies, individual bonuses are not subject to an absolute cap. However, the aggregate size of the bonus pool is dependent on the group’s overall performance and profitability. Consideration is also given to the levels of bonuses paid in the market. Individual awards are determined by a rigorous assessment of achievement against defined objectives, and are reviewed and approved by the Remuneration Committee.
abrdn has a deferral policy which is intended to assist in the retention of talent and to create additional alignment of executives’ interests with abrdn’s sustained performance and, in respect of the deferral into funds managed by abrdn, to align the interest of portfolio managers with our clients.
Staff performance is reviewed formally at least once a year. The review process evaluates the various aspects that the individual has contributed to abrdn, and specifically, in the case of portfolio managers, to the relevant investment team. Discretionary bonuses are based on client service, asset growth and the performance of the respective portfolio manager. Overall participation in team meetings, generation of original research ideas and contribution to presenting the team externally are also evaluated.
In the calculation of a portfolio management team’s bonus, abrdn takes into consideration investment matters (which include the performance of funds, adherence to the company investment process, and quality of company meetings) as well as more subjective issues such as team participation and effectiveness at client presentations through key performance indicator scorecards. To the extent performance is factored in, such performance is not judged against any specific benchmark and is evaluated over the period of a year - January to December. The pre- or after-tax performance of an individual account is not considered in the determination of a portfolio manager’s discretionary bonus; rather the review process evaluates the overall performance of the team for all of the accounts the team manages.
Portfolio manager performance on investment matters is judged over all of the accounts the portfolio manager contributes to and is documented in the appraisal process. A combination of the team’s and individual’s performance is considered and evaluated.
Although performance is not a substantial portion of a portfolio manager’s compensation, abrdn also recognizes that fund performance can often be driven by factors outside one’s control, such as (irrational) markets, and as such pays attention to the effort by portfolio managers to ensure integrity of our core process by sticking to disciplines and processes set, regardless of momentum and ‘hot’ themes. Short-terming is thus discouraged and trading-oriented managers will thus find it difficult to thrive in the abrdn environment. Additionally, if any of the aforementioned undue risks were to be taken by a portfolio manager, such trend would be identified via abrdn’s dynamic compliance monitoring system.
In rendering investment management services, the Adviser may use the resources of additional investment adviser subsidiaries of abrdn plc. These affiliates have entered into a memorandum of understanding (“MOU”) pursuant to which investment professionals from each affiliate may render portfolio management, research or trading services to abrdn clients. Each investment professional who renders portfolio management, research or trading services under a MOU or personnel sharing arrangement (“Participating Affiliate”) must comply with the provisions of the Advisers Act, the 1940 Act, the Securities Act of 1933, the Exchange Act, and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the laws of states or countries in which the Adviser does business or has clients. No remuneration is paid by the Fund with respect to the MOU/personnel sharing arrangements.
(a)(4)
Dollar
Range of Equity Securities in the Registrant Beneficially Owned by the Portfolio Manager as of October 31, 2022 |
||||
Kenneth Akintewe | None | |||
Adam McCabe | None | |||
Max Wolman | None |
(b) Not applicable.
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
No such purchases were made by or on behalf of the Registrant during the period covered by the report.
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
During the period ended October 31, 2022, there were no material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the Registrant’s Board of Directors.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) | The Registrant’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, have concluded that the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”) (17 CFR 270.30a-3(c)) are effective, as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of the report that includes the disclosure required by this paragraph, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the Act (17 CFR 270.30a3(b)) and Rule 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (17 CFR 240.13a-15(b) or 240.15d15(b)). |
(b) | There were no changes in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act (17 CFR 270.30a-3(d))) that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Item 12. Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies
Not applicable
Item 13. Exhibits.
(a)(1) | Code of Ethics of the Registrant for the period covered by this report as required pursuant to Item 2 of this Form N-CSR. |
(a)(2) | The certifications of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Act are exhibits to this Form N-CSR. |
(a)(3) | Any written solicitation to purchase securities under Rule 23c-1 under the 1940 Act (17 CFR 270.23c-1) sent or given during the period covered by the report by or on behalf of the registrant to 10 or more persons. Not applicable. |
(a)(4) | Change in Registrant’s independent public accountant. Not applicable. |
(b) | The certifications of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Act are exhibits to this Form N-CSR. |
(c) | Proxy Voting Policy of Registrant |
(d) | Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of Adviser. |
(e) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc.
By: | /s/ Christian Pittard | ||
Christian Pittard, | |||
Principal Executive Officer of | |||
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | |||
Date: January 9, 2023 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By: | /s/ Christian Pittard | ||
Christian Pittard, | |||
Principal Executive Officer of | |||
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | |||
Date: January 9, 2023 |
By: | /s/ Andrea Melia | ||
Andrea Melia, | |||
Principal Financial Officer of | |||
abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. | |||
Date: January 9, 2023 |
1 Year abrdn Global Income Chart |
1 Month abrdn Global Income Chart |
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