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| Name | Symbol | Market | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jsc Uzbek 5.75% | LSE:78JE | London | Bond |
| Price Change | % Change | Price | Bid Price | Offer Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Traded | Last Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.00% | 0 | - |
From Jun 2023 to Jun 2024
TIDM78JE
RNS Number : 7192D
Uzbek Ind & Construction Bank
23 June 2023
JSCB "UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Financial Statements and Independent Auditor's Report For the Year Ended 31 December 2022
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK
"UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
1
INDEPENT AUDITOR'S REPORT 2-8
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
Consolidated statement of financial position 9
Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
10
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 11
Consolidated statement of cash flows 12
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 13-92
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK
"UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE PREPARATION
AND APPROVAL OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
Management of Joint Stock Commercial Bank "Uzbek Industrial and Construction Bank" ("the Bank") and its subsidiaries ("the Group") is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that present fairly the financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2022, and the related consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and of significant accounting policies and notes to the consolidated financial statements (the "consolidated financial statements") in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS").
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for:
-- Properly selecting and applying accounting policies;
-- Presenting information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information;
-- Providing additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs are insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the Group's consolidated financial position and financial performance; and
-- Making an assessment of the Group's ability to continue as a going concern.
Management is also responsible for:
-- Designing, implementing and maintaining an effective and sound system of internal controls, throughout the Group;
-- Maintaining adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group, and which enable them to ensure that the consolidated financial statements of the Group comply with IFRS;
-- Maintaining accounting records in compliance with legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
-- Taking such steps as are reasonably available to them to safeguard the assets of the Group; and
-- Preventing and detecting fraud and other irregularities.
The consolidated financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2022 were approved by the Management on 17 May 2023.
On behalf of the Management Board:
Annaklichev Sakhi Vokhidov Oybek Chairman of the Management Chief Accountant Board
17 May 2023 17 May 2023
Tashkent, Uzbekistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK
"UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2022
(in millions of Uzbek Soums)
Hot Features
Premium
Notes 31 December 31 December
2022 2021
------------------------------------ ------ ------------ ------------
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents 7 7,119,489 8,196,652
Due from other banks 8 1,843,415 1,956,303
Loans and advances to customers 9 48,420,489 42,537,051
Investment securities measured
at amortised cost 10 2,678,571 1,067,512
Financial assets at fair value
through other
comprehensive income 11 42,007 48,136
Investment in associates 12 35,834 29,726
Premises, equipment and intangible
assets 13 2,082,504 1,276,363
Current income tax prepayment 30 251,647 45,778
Deferred tax asset 30 194,962 202,125
Insurance assets 26 20,336 12,964
Other assets 14 279,366 310,704
Non-current assets held for
sale 15 223,345 48,602
TOTAL ASSETS 63,191,965 55,731,916
LIABILITIES
Due to other banks 16 3,895,719 1,392,977
Customer accounts 17 15,328,819 13,561,540
Debt securities in issue 18 3,361,256 3,317,817
Other borrowed funds 19 32,241,760 30,130,776
Derivative financial liabilities 34 115,533 -
Insurance liabilities 27 117,348 84,813
Other liabilities 20 240,326 197,421
Subordinated debt 21 330,560 101,771
TOTAL LIABILITIES 55,631,321 48,787,115
EQUITY
Share capital 22 4,640,011 4,640,011
Retained earnings 2,905,010 2,284,458
Revaluation reserve of financial
assets at fair value
through other comprehensive
income 14,490 14,132
Net assets attributable to
the Bank's owners 7,559,511 6,938,601
Non-controlling interest 1,133 6,200
TOTAL EQUITY 7,560,644 6,944,801
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 63,191,965 55,731,916
Approved for issue and signed on behalf of the Management Board on 17 May 2023.
Annaklichev Sakhi Vokhidov Oybek Chairman of the Management Chief Accountant Board
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK
"UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
(in millions of Uzbek Soums, except for earnings per share which are in Soums)
Notes 2022 2021
----------------------------------------------------- ------ ------------ ------------
Interest income calculated using the effective
interest method 24 5,069,393 4,155,398
Other similar income 24 29,198 32,024
Interest expense 24 (2,626,371) (2,067,905)
Net interest income before provision on
loans and advances to customers 2,472,220 2,119,517
Provision for credit losses on loans and
advances to customers 9 (925,158) (420,937)
Net interest income 1,547,062 1,698,580
Fee and commission income 25 443,690 386,074
Fee and commission expense 25 (126,413) (110,483)
(Loss)/gain on initial recognition on interest
bearing assets (41,514) 8,119
Gains less losses from modification of
financial assets measured at
amortised cost, that did not lead to derecognition (44 035) (52 339)
Gains less losses from financial derivatives (100 848) -
Net gain on foreign exchange translation 185,776 (4,262)
Net gain from trading in foreign currencies 337,768 170,935
Insurance operations income 26 86,724 80,881
Insurance operations expense 26 (49,065) (36,331)
Change in insurance reserves, net 27 (25 163) (32 235)
Dividend income 4,741 4,920
Other operating income 28 16,482 40,866
Recovery/(provision) for credit losses
on other assets 8,521 (34,145)
Impairment of assets held for sale 15 (46,267) (5,586) Administrative and other operating expenses 29 (1,366,177) (1,044,146) Share of result from associates 703 722 Profit before tax 831,985 1,071,570 Income tax expense 30 (211,433) (214,582) PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD 620,552 856,988 Other comprehensive income: Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Fair value gain on equity securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 448 935 Tax effect (90) (187) Other comprehensive income 358 748 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE PERIOD 620,910 857,736 Attributable to: - Owners of the Bank 620,555 856,989 - Non-controlling interest (3) (1) PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD 620,552 856,988 Attributable to: - Owners of the Bank 620,913 857,737 - Non-controlling interest (3) (1) TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE PERIOD 620,910 857,736 Total basic and diluted EPS per ordinary share (expressed in UZS per share) 32 2.54 3.51
Approved for issue and signed on behalf of the Management Board on 17 May 2023.
Annaklichev Sakhi Vokhidov Oybek Chairman of the Management Chief Accountant Board
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK "UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
(in millions of Uzbek Soums)
Share Revaluation reserve Retained earnings Non-controlling Total equity
capital of interest
financial assets at
fair
value through other
comprehensive
income
1 January 2021 4,640,011 13,384 1,427,469 - 6,080,864
Profit for the period - - 856,989 (1) 856,988
Other comprehensive
income for
the period - 748 - - 748
----------------------- ---------- ---------------------- ------------------ ---------------------- -------------
Total comprehensive
income for
the period - 748 856,989 (1) 857,736
Dividends paid - - - 6,201 6,201
31 December 2021 4,640,011 14,132 2,284,458 6,200 6,944,801
Profit for the period - 620,555 - 620,555
Other comprehensive
income for
the period - 358 - - 358
Total comprehensive
income for
the period - 358 620,555 - 620,913
Non-controlling
interest arising
on acquisition of
subsidiary - - (3) (5,067) (5,070)
31 December 2022 4,640,011 14,490 2,905,010 1,133 7,560,644
Approved for issue and signed on behalf of the Management Board on 17 May 2023.
Annaklichev Sakhi Vokhidov Oybek Chairman of the Management Chief Accountant Board
JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK
"UZBEK INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION BANK" AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARED 31 DECEMBER 2022
(in millions of Uzbek Soums)
Notes 2022 2021
--------------------------------------------------- ------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from operating activities
Interest received 4,702,503 3,763,742
Interest paid (3,091,478) (2,015,843)
Fee and commission received 443,690 387,712
Fee and commission paid (126,413) (110,483)
Income received from financial derivatives 68,139 -
Insurance operations income received 86,724 80,881
Insurance operations expense paid (49,065) (36,331)
Net gain from trading in foreign currencies 337,768 170,935
Other operating income received 10,756 47,066
Staff costs paid (758,767) (642,027)
Administrative and other operating expenses
paid (441,911) (331,545)
Income tax paid (410,229) (236,674)
Cash flows from operating activities before
changes in operating assets and liabilities 771,717 1,077,433
Net (increase)/decrease in:
- due from other banks (25,843) (93,429)
- loans and advances to customers (5,786,506) (3,185,279)
- investment securities measured at amortised
cost (1,601,126) (538,528)
- other assets (17,990) (13,302)
Net increase/(decrease) in:
- due to other banks 359,978 (156,390)
- customer accounts 1,780,630 1,731,312
- other liabilities (14,207) 11,955
Net cash used in operating activities (4,533,347) (1,166,228)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value
through other comprehensive income (1,077) (7,593)
Proceeds from disposal of financial assets
at fair value through other comprehensive
income 7,654 341
Acquisition of premises, equipment and intangible
assets (931,467) (536,628)
Proceeds from disposal of premises, equipment
and intangible assets 67,566 4,205
Proceeds from disposal of repossessed assets (124,078) (25,972)
Acquisition of investment in associates (5,405) (28,011)
Dividend income received 4,741 4,920
Net cash used in investing activities (982,066) (588,738)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings due to other banks 2,447,336 411,116
Repayment of borrowings due to other banks (334,155) (381,937)
Proceeds from other borrowed funds 11,148,736 11,826,214
Repayment of other borrowed funds (9,334,820) (8,391,815)
Proceeds from debt securities in issue - 10,000
Repayment of debt securities in issue (82,690) (81,310)
Proceeds from other subordinated debt 235,851 100,000
Dividends paid (1,146) 274
Net cash from financing activities 4,079,112 3,492,542
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
cash equivalents 359,138 857,890
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents (1,077,163) 2,595,466
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning
of the period 7 8,196,652 5,601,186
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of
the period 7 7,119,489 8,196,652
Approved for issue and signed on behalf of the Management Board on 17 May 2023.
Annaklichev Sakhi Vokhidov Oybek Chairman of the Management Chief Accountant Board 1. INTRODUCTION
JSCB "Uzbek Industrial and Construction Bank" ("the Bank") was incorporated in 1991 and is domiciled in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is registered in Uzbekistan to carry out banking and foreign exchange activities and has operated under the banking license #17 issued by the Central bank of Uzbekistan ("the CBU") on 21 December 2021 (succeeded the licenses #17 issued on 25 January 2003 and #25 issued on 29 January 2005 by the CBU for banking operations and general license for foreign currency operations, respectively).
Principal activity . The Bank's principal activity is commercial banking, retail banking, operations with securities, foreign currencies and origination of loans and guarantees. The Bank accepts deposits from legal entities and individuals, extended loans, and transfer payments. The Bank conducts its banking operations from its head office in Tashkent and 87 banking service centers within Uzbekistan as of 31 December 202 2 (31 December 20 21 : 44 branches).
The Bank participates in the state deposit insurance scheme, which was introduced by the Uzbek Law #360-II "Insurance of Individual Bank Deposit" on 5 April 2002. On 28 November 2008, the President of Uzbekistan issued the Decree #PD -4057 stating that i n case of the withdrawal of a license of a bank, the State Deposit Insurance Fund guarantees repayment of 100% of individual deposits regardless of the deposit amount.
As at 31 December 2022, the number of Bank's employees was 3,759 (31 December 2021: 3,841).
Registered address and place of business. 3, Shakhrisabz street, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan
At 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Bank consolidated the following companies in these consolidated financial statements ("The Group") :
The Bank's ownership
Country 31 December 31 December Type of
of 2022 2021 operation
incorporation
------------ ------------
Name % %
Bank's direct interest
in
subsidiaries:
------------------------ ---------------- ------------ ------------ -----------------
SQB Capital, LLC Uzbekistan 100 100 Asset management
SQB Insurance, LLC Uzbekistan 100 100 Insurance
Bank's indirect
interest in
subsidiaries via
SQB Capital, LLC
SQB Securities,
LLC Uzbekistan 100 100 Asset management
SQB Construction,
LLC Uzbekistan 100 100 Construction
SQB Consulting,
LLC Uzbekistan 100 100 Consulting
"New Zomin Plaza" Uzbekistan 100 - Hoteling
LLC
Bank's indirect
interest in
subsidiaries via
SQB Construction,
LLC
"Radius Serebro Construction
and Capital LLC Uzbekistan 99.76 99 materials
"Big Peak 777 and Construction
Capital, LLC Uzbekistan 99.88 99 materials
Malik Muxammad Ali
Fayz and Capital, Construction
LLC Uzbekistan 99.99 99 materials
Parizod Mexr and Construction
Capital, LLC Uzbekistan 99.85 99 materials
Penoplast Surkhon Construction
and Capital LLC Uzbekistan 100 80 materials
Yuksalish Fayz Farovon Construction
and Capital LLC Uzbekistan 100 99 materials
Go`zal Madina Omad Uzbekistan 99.3 - Construction
LLC materials
------------------------ ---------------- ------------ ------------ -----------------
In 2021, in accordance with Presidential decree-6244 "On additional measures to increase industrial power of the regions", seven companies were established. All companies were consolidated in the Group's financial statements.
The companies will serve the purpose of regions industrial power improvement via execution of the Construction material production projects. As of 31 December 2022, the total capital investment in newly established subsidiaries amounted to 128 787 million UZS.
The table below represents the interest of the shareholders in the Bank's share capital as at 31 December 2022 and 2021. The Fund of Reconstruction and Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a 100% state-owned fund. Hence, the ultimate shareholder of the Group is the Government of Uzbekistan.
Shareholders 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 -------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- The Fund of Reconstruction and Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan 82,09% 82,09% The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan 13,06% 13,06% Other legal entities and individuals 4,85% 4,85% Total 100% 100% 2. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT OF THE GROUP
Operating Environment. The Uzbekistan economy displays characteristics of an emerging market, including but not limited to, a low level of liquidity in debt and equity markets. Also, the banking sector in Uzbekistan is particularly impacted by local political, legislative, fiscal and regulatory developments. The largest Uzbek banks are state-controlled and act as an arm of the Government to develop the country's economy. The Government distributes funds from the country's budget, which flow through the banks to various government agencies, and other state and privately owned entities.
Uzbekistan experienced the following key economic indicators in 202 2 :
-- Inflation: 1 2.2 % (202 1 : 1 0 .7%) -- GDP growth 5 . 4 % (202 1 : 7 . 4 %).
-- Official exchange rates: 31 December 2022: USD 1 = UZS 11,225.46 (31 December 2021: USD 1 = UZS 10,837.66).
-- Central Bank refinancing rate: 14-15% (2021: 14%).
In June 2022 Standard & Poor's international rating agency affirmed the Republic of Uzbekistan's long-term and short-term sovereign credit rating for foreign and local currency liabilities at the BB- level. The outlook was Stable. The agency expects that the sanctions imposed on Russia will put pressure on Uzbekistan's economic growth and slow down the pace of fiscal consolidation this year, as Russia is Uzbekistan's largest trading partner. The agency predicts that real GDP growth will average around 5% per year starting in 2023.
The regulator pursues the inflation targeting policy aimed to reaching 5% by the end of 2023 and averaging around that level for an extended period. This is expected to be achieved in large part by imposing tighter requirements on liquidity, which should narrow down monetary base and loan portfolios of banks.
In the year end 202 2 inflation rate increased year-on-year to 1 2 .3% against 1 0 . 9 % over the same period last year.
Influence of geopolitical events in the world
In February 2022, due to the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, numerous sanctions were announced against the Russian Federation by most Western countries. These sanctions are intended to have a negative economic impact on the Russian Federation. Due to the growing geopolitical tensions, since February 2022, there has been a significant increase in volatility in the currency markets, as well as a volatility of UZS against the US dollar and euro.
In order to reduce the impact of the external environment on the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on 17 March 2022, the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan increased the CBU refinancing rate by 3% to 17%. In June 2022 and then in July 2022, after some decrease in the degree of influence of the external environment on the economy, the Board of the Central Bank of Uzbekistan decreased the CBU refinancing rate to 16% and 15% respectively. Subsequent change in CBU refinancing rate is disclosed in Note 39.
On 17 May 2023, due to geopolitical events around Ukraine and Russia, the exchange rate of the US dollar against the UZS was weakened to 11,420.03 (2021: 10,837.66).
For the purpose of managing the country risk, the Bank controls transactions with counterparties within the limits set by the Bank's collegial body, which are reviewed regularly. The Group continues to assess the effect of these events and changes in economic conditions on its operations, financial position and financial performance.
The future effects of the current economic situation taking into consideration the sanctions to the Russian government and the above measures are difficult to predict, and management's current expectations and estimates could differ from actual results.
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of preparation . These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") under the historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below.
The Group is required to maintain its records and prepare its financial statements for regulatory purposes in accordance with Uzbekistan Accounting Legislation and related instructions ("UAL") which are in the process of harmonisation to reflect IFRS. These consolidated financial statements are based on the Group's UAL books and records, adjusted and reclassified in order to fully comply with IFRS.
These consolidated financial statements are presented in millions of Uzbek Soums ("UZS"), unless otherwise indicated.
Basis of consolidation . The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Bank and entities controlled by the Bank (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each year. Control is achieved when the Bank:
-- has the power over the investee; -- is exposed, or has rights, to variable return from its involvement with the investee; and -- has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.
Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Bank obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Bank loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, the results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated profit or loss account from the date the Bank gains control until the date when the Bank ceases to control the subsidiary.
Profit or loss and each component of OCI are attributed to the owners of the Bank and to the non-controlling interests (NCI). Total comprehensive income of the subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Bank and to the NCI even if this results in the NCI having a deficit balance.
Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies used into line with the Group's accounting policies.
All intragroup assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between the members of the Group are eliminated on consolidation, with the exception of foreign currency gains and losses on intragroup monetary items denominated in a foreign currency of at least one of the parties.
NCI in subsidiaries are identified separately from the Group's equity therein. Those interests of non-controlling shareholders that are present ownership interests entitling their holders to a proportionate share of net assets upon liquidation may initially be measured at fair value or at the NCI's proportionate share of the fair value of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement is made on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis. Other NCI are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to acquisition, the carrying amount of NCI is the amount of those interests at initial recognition plus the NCI's share of subsequent changes in equity.
Changes in the Group's interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the Group's interests and the NCI are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the NCI are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity and attributed to the owners of the Bank.
When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, the gain/loss on disposal recognised in profit or loss is calculated as the difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii) the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), less liabilities of the subsidiary and any NCI. All amounts previously recognised in OCI in relation to that subsidiary are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities of the subsidiary (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or transferred to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable IFRSs). The fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under IFRS 9 when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.
Associates. Associates are entities over which the Group has significant influence (directly or indirectly), but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20 and 50 percent of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are initially recognised at cost. The carrying amount of associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition less accumulated credit losses, if any. Dividends received from associates reduce the carrying value of the investment in associates. Other post-acquisition changes in Group's share of net assets of an associate are recognised as follows: (i) the Group's share of profits or losses of associates is recorded in the consolidated profit or loss for the year as share of result of associates, (ii) the Group's share of other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented separately, (iii); all other changes in the Group's share of the carrying value of net assets of associates are recognised in profit or loss within the share of result of associates. However, when the Group's share of losses in an associate equal or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group's interest in the associates; unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.
The Group applies the impairment requirements in IFRS 9 to long-term loans, preference shares and similar long-term interest that in substance form part of the investment in associate before reducing the carrying value of the investment by a share of a loss of the investee that exceeds the amount of the Group's interest in the ordinary shares.
Disposals of subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures. When the Group ceases to have control or significant influence, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value, with the change in carrying amount recognised in profit or loss. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity, are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are recycled to profit or loss.
If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss, where appropriate.
Financial instruments - key measurement terms. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The best evidence of fair value is price in an active market. An active market is one in which transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Fair value of financial instruments traded in an active market is measured as the product of the quoted price for the individual asset or liability and the quantity held by the entity. This is the case even if a market's normal daily trading volume is not sufficient to absorb the quantity held and placing orders to sell the position in a single transaction might affect the quoted price. The price within the bid-ask spread that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances was used to measure fair value, which management considers is the last trading price on the reporting date. The quoted market price used to value financial assets is the current bid price; the quoted market price for financial liabilities is the current asking price.
Valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow models or models based on recent arm's length transactions or consideration of financial data of the investees, are used to measure fair value of certain financial instruments for which external market pricing information is not available. Fair value measurements are analysed by level in the fair value hierarchy as follows: (i) level one are measurements at quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, (ii) level two measurements are valuations techniques with all material inputs observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices), and (iii) level three measurements are valuations not based on solely observable market data (that is, the measurement requires significant unobservable inputs). Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period. Refer to Note 35.
Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial instrument. An incremental cost is one that would not have been incurred if the transaction had not taken place. Transaction costs include fees and commissions paid to agents (including employees acting as selling agents), advisors, brokers and dealers, levies by regulatory agencies and securities exchanges, and transfer taxes and duties. Transaction costs do not include debt premiums or discounts, financing costs or internal administrative or holding costs.
Amortised cost ("AC") is the amount at which the financial instrument was recognised at initial recognition less any principal repayments, plus accrued interest, and for financial assets less any allowance for expected credit losses. Accrued interest includes amortisation of transaction costs deferred at initial recognition and of any premium or discount to maturity amount using the effective interest method. Accrued interest income and accrued interest expense, including both accrued coupon and amortised discount or premium (including fees deferred at origination, if any), are not presented separately and are included in the carrying values of related items in the statement of financial position.
The effective interest method is a method of allocating interest income or interest expense over the relevant period, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest (effective interest rate) on the carrying amount. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts (excluding future credit losses) through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, if appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial instrument.
The effective interest rate discounts cash flows of variable interest instruments to the next interest repricing date, except for the premium or discount, which reflects the credit spread over the floating rate specified in the instrument, or other variables that are not reset to market rates. Such premiums or discounts are amortised over the expected life of the instrument. The present value calculation includes all fees paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate. For assets that are purchased or originated credit impaired ("POCI") at initial recognition, the effective interest rate is adjusted for credit risk, i.e. it is calculated based on the expected cash flows on initial recognition instead of contractual payments.
Financial instruments - initial recognition . Financial instruments at FVTPL are initially recorded at fair value. All other financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value adjusted for transaction costs. Fair value at initial recognition is best evidenced by the transaction price. A gain or loss on initial recognition is only recorded if there is a difference between fair value and transaction price which can be evidenced by other observable current market transactions in the same instrument or by a valuation technique whose inputs include only data from observable markets. After the initial recognition, an ECL allowance is recognised for financial assets measured at AC and investments in debt instruments measured at FVOCI, resulting in an immediate accounting loss.
All purchases and sales of financial assets that require delivery within the time frame established by regulation or market convention ("regular way" purchases and sales) are recorded at trade date, which is the date on which the Group commits to deliver a financial asset. All other purchases are recognised when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets - classification and subsequent measurement - measurement categories. The Group classifies financial assets in the following measurement categories: FVTPL, FVOCI and AC. The classification and subsequent measurement of debt financial assets depends on: (i) the Group's business model for managing the related assets portfolio and (ii) the cash flow characteristics of the asset.
Financial assets - classification and subsequent measurement - business model. The business model reflects how the Group manages the assets in order to generate cash flows - whether the Group's objective is: (i) solely to collect the contractual cash flows from the assets ("hold to collect contractual cash flows",) or (ii) to collect both the contractual cash flows and the cash flows arising from the sale of assets ("hold to collect contractual cash flows and sell") or, if neither of (i) and (ii) is applicable, the financial assets are classified as part of "other" business model and measured at FVTPL. Please refer to Note 4.
Business model is determined for a group of assets (on a portfolio level) based on all relevant evidence about the activities that the Group undertakes to achieve the objective set out for the portfolio available at the date of the assessment.
Financial assets - classification and subsequent measurement - cash flow characteristics. Where the business model is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or to hold contractual cash flows and sell, the Group assesses whether the cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest ("SPPI"). Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are consistent with the SPPI feature. In making this assessment, the Group considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement, i.e. interest includes only consideration for credit risk, time value of money, other basic lending risks and profit margin.
Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that is inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the financial asset is classified and measured at FVTPL. The SPPI assessment is performed on initial recognition of an asset and it is not subsequently reassessed. Refer to Note 4 for critical judgements applied by the Group in performing the SPPI test for its financial assets.
Financial assets - reclassification . Financial instruments are reclassified only when the business model for managing the portfolio as a whole change. The reclassification has a prospective effect and takes place from the beginning of the first reporting period that follows after the change in the business model. The entity did not change its business model during the current and comparative period and did not make any reclassifications.
Financial assets impairment - credit loss allowance for ECL. The Group assesses, on a forward-looking basis, the ECL for debt instruments measured at AC and FVOCI and for the exposures arising from loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The Group measures ECL and recognises credit loss allowance at each reporting date. The measurement of ECL reflects: (i) an unbiased and probability weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes, (ii) time value of money and (iii) all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost and effort at the end of each reporting period about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future conditions.
Debt instruments measured at AC are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position net of the allowance for ECL. For loan commitments and financial guarantees, a separate provision for ECL is recognised as a liability in the consolidated statement of financial position. For debt instruments at FVOCI, changes in amortised cost, net of allowance for ECL, are recognised in profit or loss and other changes in carrying value are recognised in OCI as gains less losses on debt instruments at FVOCI.
The Group applies a three stage model for impairment, based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition. A financial instrument that is not credit-impaired on initial recognition is classified in Stage 1. Financial assets in Stage 1 have their ECL measured at an amount equal to the portion of lifetime ECL that results from default events possible within the next 12 months or until contractual maturity, if shorter ("12 Months ECL"). If the Group identifies a significant increase in credit risk ("SICR") since initial recognition, the asset is transferred to Stage 2 and its ECL is measured based on ECL on a lifetime basis, that is, up until contractual maturity but considering expected prepayments, if any ("Lifetime ECL"). Refer to Note 4 for a description of how the Group determines when a SICR has occurred. If the Group determines that a financial asset is credit-impaired, the asset is transferred to Stage 3 and its ECL is measured as a Lifetime ECL. The Group's definition of credit impaired assets and definition of default is explained further. For financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired ("POCI Assets"), the ECL is always measured as a Lifetime ECL. Note 4 provides information about inputs, assumptions and estimation techniques used in measuring ECL, including an explanation of how the Group incorporates forward-looking information in the ECL models.
As an exception, for certain financial instruments, such as credit cards, that may include both a loan and an undrawn commitment component, the Group measures expected credit losses over the period that the Group is exposed to credit risk, that is, until the expected credit losses would be mitigated by credit risk management actions, even if that period extends beyond the maximum contractual period. This is because contractual ability to demand repayment and cancel the undrawn commitment does not limit the exposure to credit losses to such contractual notice period.
An ECL measurement is based on four components used by the Group:
-- Exposure at Default (EAD) - an estimate of exposure at a future default date, taking into account expected changes in exposure after the reporting date, including repayments of principal and interest, and expected drawdowns on committed facilities.
-- Probability of Default (PD) - an estimate of the likelihood of default to occur over a given time period.
-- Loss Given Default (LGD) - an estimate of a loss arising on default. It is based on the difference between contractual cash flows due and those that the lender would expect to receive, including from any collateral. It usually expressed as a percentage of EAD.
-- Discount Rate - a tool to discount an expected loss from the present value at the reporting date. The discount rate represents the effective interest rate (EIR) for the financial instrument or an approximation thereof.
Calculation of financial assets impairment was made taking into account the following factors:
-- In order to calculate the expected credit losses, the Group performs loan assessment on an individual basis and on a collective basis depending on general credit risk features.
-- Expected credit losses represent estimates of expected credit losses weighted at probability of a default and calculated as present value of all expected losses in amounts due. Calculations are based on justified and verified information, which may be received without any significant costs or efforts. Calculation of the present value of the expected future cash flows of the secured financial asset reflects the cash flow that may result from foreclosure, less the cost of obtaining and selling collateral, regardless of whether the recovery is probable or not. The allowance is based on the Group's own experience in assessing losses and the Management assumptions about the level of losses likely to be recognised on assets in each category of a credit risk, based on debt servicing capabilities and borrower's credit track record.
-- Impairment for treasury operations (investments in debt securities, reverse repurchase transactions, interbank loans and deposits, correspondent account transactions, accounts receivable under treasury transactions) is calculated taking into account the counterparty's rating, probability of default, duration of a transaction and the extent of loss in case of a default.
-- Assets classified at fair value through profit or loss are not subject to impairment under IFRS 9.
The estimated credit losses for treasury operations are estimated on an individual basis (except for individual claims in the form of receivables).
ECL for collective assessment of credit losses
For collective assessment of credit losses, loans and advances to customers are segmented by criteria for determining the transition between Stages 1, 2 and 3. The presence of at least one criterion is sufficient to lead to the change of transaction classifications, reflecting the increase in credit risk.
Stage 1: Loans without significant increase in credit risk (SICR)
-- All loans at initial recognition are classified into Stage 1 and remain in Stage 1 until the identification of factors that indicate a significant increase in credit risk, except for acquired or created loan-impaired loans.
Stage 2: Loans with significant increase in credit risk (SICR)
-- Loans in which the maximum number of days overdue on principal or interest ranges from 31 days to 90 days;
-- Loans in the category of "substandard" according to the Regulation on the classification procedure of the CBU;
-- Loans that were credit-impaired (Stage 3) as at the end of the previous quarter due to one or more transition criteria of Stage 3, and which as at the end of the current quarter have signs of Stage 1 or 2;
-- Loans that were credit-impaired (Stage 3) as at the end of the previous quarter due to restructuring and repaid 25% of principal from the date of restructuring.
-- In the absence of historical information about the number of overdue days for accrued interest, loans for which there is an amount of overdue interest at the end of the current quarter.
Stage 3: Financial asset is in defaul t
-- Loans for which the maximum number of overdue days on principal or interest is more than 90 days;
-- Loans in the category of "unsatisfactory", "doubtful" and "bad" in accordance with the Regulation on the classification procedure of the CBU;
-- Loans that have been revised since initial recognition (loans with the status "Restructured in the loan portfolio, including loans for which the repayment was less than 25% of the principal debt since the date of the last restructuring or the last revision (except in cases of restructuring of loans, when the financial condition of the borrower is stable and allows the borrower to repay the debt to the Group and when restructuring occurs at the decision of higher authorities);
-- Loans for which there is a court decision or a trial is in progress (loans for which there are court decision dates in the loan portfolio);
-- Presence of debt on off-balance sheet accounts for the principal debt and accrued interest in accordance with the Regulation on the Classification Procedure of the CBU and the Regulation on Non-Accrual of Interest of the CBU;
-- Loans for which the contract has expired, but the borrower has not fully repaid the debt according to the payment schedule;
POCI: Purchased or created credit impaired financial asset.
ECL for individually significant borrowers
An asset is assessed for impairment on an individual basis if the total debt of the borrower at the reporting date exceeds the materiality level. The level of materiality is determined as 1% of arithmetic average of the Group's total regulatory capital per National accounting standards for the last two years. If the materiality of the Group for determining an individually significant asset increases by more than 2 times in the calculation for the next period (fiscal year), then the materiality level for this next period (fiscal year) shall not exceed the Group's materiality level for the previous period (fiscal year) more than 2 times, and it will be equal to the level of materiality multiplied by 2 (in the case of facts or circumstances that may significantly affect the Group's estimated materiality level, which, due to these facts or circumstances, may be at an unexpected or atypical level for the corresponding period, for example, large profits or losses of the Group may occur due to one-time general economic conditions / changes or other external conditions or non-typical operations for the Group, in this case it is possible to normalize the calculated amount of capital for the relevant period by excluding from the calculation the amount of such gains / losses).
For each individually significant borrower based on the results of the assessment at each reporting date, questionnaire with the necessary explanations and comments is filled out to identify signs of a significant increase in credit risk and credit impairment. The questionnaire is completed on the basis of the loan portfolio and the information contained in the monitoring reports, and other information in the credit folder.
After determining whether there is evidence of a significant increase in credit risk, as well as impairment, depending on the results of such analysis, the Group classifies the asset in question in one of the following stages:
Stage 1: "Loans with low credit risk"
-- All loans at initial recognition are classified in Stage 1 and remain in Stage 1 if no significant increase in the level of credit risk has been identified or until the factors indicating an increase in credit risk have been identified, except for loans acquired or created credit impaired;
Stage 2: "Loans with increased credit risk"
-- Breach of contract terms, such as a delay of payment from 31 to 90 calendar days;
-- The Group has information about overdue debts in other credit institutions (if information is available for the Group) on the principal debt and / or the borrower's remuneration from 31 to 90 calendar days;
-- Loans in the category of "substandard" according to the Regulation on the classification procedure of the CBU;
-- Actual or expected significant change in the operating results of the borrower. Examples include actual or expected decrease in revenues or margins, increased operational risks, working capital inefficiencies, management problems, or changes in the scale of business or organizational structure (for example, termination of a business segment), which lead to a significant change in the borrower's ability to repay debt liabilities. The criteria is reduction of the financial condition of the borrower by one class. Class of the financial condition of the borrower score based on the calculations of economic indicators (ratios of coverage, liquidity, autonomy, asset turnover and net sales profitability
-- Actual or expected (based on reasonable and corroborated information) reduction of the borrower's external credit rating by 2 or more notches from the date of issuance of the loan;
-- Reduction of financial support from the state, the parent organization or another affiliated organization;
-- Significant deterioration in the quality or condition of the collateral according to the data of the last monitoring report, which is expected to reduce the economic incentive for the borrower to make the scheduled payments stipulated by the contract or otherwise affect the probability of a default. When the security is a guarantee of third parties, significant financial difficulties of the guarantor or surety;
-- Existing or projected adverse changes in commercial, financial or economic conditions (actual or expected increase in interest rates or actual or expected increase in unemployment) or actual or expected adverse change in regulatory, economic or technological conditions of the borrower's activity (for example, decrease in demand for the borrower of the product due to changes in technology);
-- Borrower who has no evidence of impairment or evidence of a significant increase in credit risk at the reporting date, but who has been classified as credit impaired (in Stage 3) based on the calculation of expected credit loss at the previous reporting date.
-- Expected breach of contract that could lead to the provision of exemptions for covenants or amendments to covenants, provision of temporary exemption from interest payments, increase in interest rates, introduction of requirements for additional security or guarantees or other changes to the contractual base of the instrument;
-- Reasonable and corroborated information about one or more of the following factors:
o the presence of uncertainty in respect of continuous operations in the auditor's report of the financial statements of the borrower;
o involvement in legal proceedings of the borrower (co-borrower), which may worsen its financial condition;
o violation of covenants 1 or more times within three months before the reporting date;
Stage 3: " Credit-impaired loans"
-- Breach of contract terms, such as default or delay of payments for 90 days and more;
-- Cross-default, the Group has information about overdue debts in other credit institutions (if the Group has information) on the principal debt and / or interest for 90 calendar days or more;
-- Loans in the category of "unsatisfactory", "doubtful" and "bad" in accordance with the Regulation on the classification procedure of the CBU.
-- Presence of significant financial difficulties of the borrower. The criteria is reduction of financial condition of the borrower by two or more classes. The class of the financial condition of the borrower is based on calculations of economic indicators (ratios of coverage, liquidity, autonomy, asset turnover and net sales margin);
-- Loans that have been revised since initial recognition (loans with the status "Restructured in the loan portfolio, including loans for which the repayment was less than 25% of the principal debt since the date of the last restructuring or the last revision (except in cases of restructuring of loans, when the financial condition of the borrower is stable and allows the borrower to repay the debt to the Group and when restructuring occurs at the decision of higher authorities);
-- Lack of communication with the borrower (co-borrower), as well as the lack of information to determine the financial condition of the borrower (co-borrower) for the last 12 months;
-- Decrease in the external credit rating of the borrower to the "CC" rating and below, assigned by the rating agencies Standard & Poor's, Moody's Investors Service and Fitch;
-- Write-off of part and / or the entire amount of debt on the principal debt and / or remuneration of the borrower during the previous 2 years;
-- Suspension of the accrual of interest on the loan due to the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower (non-accrual status) in accordance with the Regulation of the CBU;
-- Availability of information about the death of the borrower (co-borrower) of an individual;
-- The borrower's appeal to the court with a statement of recognition of its bankruptcy or the filing of a claim by a third party to declare the borrower bankrupt in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and loans that have a court decision or are in court proceedings (loans that have court decision dates in the loan portfolio);
-- Revocation of a license or other title document for the implementation of activities; -- Disappearance of an active market for a given financial asset.
POCI: Purchased or created credit impaired financial asset
-- Purchase or creation of a financial instrument with a large discount, which reflects the incurred credit losses;
The amount of expected credit losses for loans that are classified in Stage 1 and in Stage 2 is determined on a collective basis.
For each individually significant borrower in Stage 3, one of the following repayment strategies is determined:
-- "Restructuring" strategy: restructuring the loan, revising credit conditions and developing an action plan that can allow the borrower to repay the loan;
-- Strategy "Realization of collateral": liquidation of a loan by selling collateral.
The choice of the most appropriate strategy is determined based on the individual situation of the borrower, its availability and consent to cooperation, the availability of opportunities to restore activity, production or the possibility of eliminating the causes that caused losses and the inability to service the debt, the availability of funds from other business lines of the borrower, value, condition of pledges regarding debt and other factors.
In the event that the borrower incurs losses and the Group has no evidence of other sources of income and funds to service the debt, the strategy for selling collateral for the borrower is chosen.
Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position. Loss allowances for ECL are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:
-- For financial assets measured at amortized cost: as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the assets;
-- For debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: no loss allowance is recognized in the statement of financial position as the carrying amount is at fair value. However, the loss allowance is included as part of the revaluation amount in the investments revaluation reserve;
-- For loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: as a provision; and
-- Where a financial instrument includes both a drawn and an undrawn component, and the Group cannot identify the ECL on the loan commitment component separately from those on the drawn component: the Group presents a combined loss allowance for both components. The combined amount is presented as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the drawn component. Any excess of the loss allowance over the gross amount of the drawn component is presented as a provision.
Financial assets - write-off. Financial assets are written-off, in whole or in part, when the Group exhausted all practical recovery efforts and has concluded that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. The write-off represents a derecognition event. The Group may write-off financial assets that are still subject to enforcement activity when the Group seeks to recover amounts that are contractually due, however, there is no reasonable expectation of recovery.
Collateral. The Group obtains collateral in respect of customer liabilities where this is considered appropriate. The collateral normally takes the form of a lien over the customer's assets and gives the Group a claim on these assets for both existing and future customer liabilities.
Financial assets - derecognition. The Group derecognises financial assets when (a) the assets are redeemed or the rights to cash flows from the assets otherwise expired or (b) the Group has transferred the rights to the cash flows from the financial assets or entered into a qualifying pass-through arrangement while (i) also transferring substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the assets or (ii) neither transferring nor retaining substantially all risks and rewards of ownership, but not retaining control. Control is retained if the counterparty does not have the practical ability to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party without needing to impose restrictions on the sale.
Financial assets - modification. The Group sometimes renegotiates or otherwise modifies the contractual terms of the financial assets. The Group assesses whether the modification of contractual cash flows is substantial considering, among other, the following factors: any new contractual terms that substantially affect the risk profile of the asset (eg profit share or equity-based return), significant change in interest rate, change in the currency denomination, new collateral or credit enhancement that significantly affects the credit risk associated with the asset or a significant extension of a loan when the borrower is not in financial difficulties.
If the modified terms are substantially different, the rights to cash flows from the original asset expire and the Group derecognises the original financial asset and recognises a new asset at its fair value. The date of renegotiation is considered to be the date of initial recognition for subsequent impairment calculation purposes, including determining whether a SICR has occurred. The Group also assesses whether the new loan or debt instrument meets the SPPI criterion. Any difference between the carrying amount of the original asset derecognised and fair value of the new substantially modified asset is recognised in profit or loss, unless the substance of the difference is attributed to a capital transaction with owners.
In a situation where the renegotiation was driven by financial difficulties of the counterparty and inability to make the originally agreed payments, the Group compares the original and revised expected cash flows to assets whether the risks and rewards of the asset are substantially different as a result of the contractual modification. If the risks and rewards do not change, the modified asset is not substantially different from the original asset and the modification does not result in derecognition. The Group recalculates the gross carrying amount by discounting the modified contractual cash flows by the original effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for POCI financial assets) and recognises a modification gain or loss in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities - measurement categories. Financial liabilities are classified as subsequently measured at AC, except for (i) financial liabilities at FVTPL: this classification is applied to derivatives, financial liabilities held for trading (e.g. short positions in securities), contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination and other financial liabilities designated as such at initial recognition and (ii) financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments.
Financial liabilities - derecognition. Financial liabilities are derecognised when they are extinguished (i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires).
An exchange between the Group and its original lenders of debt instruments with substantially different terms, as well as substantial modifications of the terms and conditions of existing financial liabilities, are accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The terms are substantially different if the discounted present value of the cash flows under the new terms, including any fees paid net of any fees received and discounted using the original effective interest rate, is at least 10% different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows of the original financial liability. [In addition, other qualitative factors, such as the currency that the instrument is denominated in, changes in the type of interest rate, new conversion features attached to the instrument and change in loan covenants are also considered.] If an exchange of debt instruments or modification of terms is accounted for as an extinguishment, any costs or fees incurred are recognised as part of the gain or loss on the extinguishment. If the exchange or modification is not accounted for as an extinguishment, any costs or fees incurred adjust the carrying amount of the liability and are amortised over the remaining term of the modified liability.
Modifications of liabilities that do not result in extinguishment are accounted for as a change in estimate using a cumulative catch up method, with any gain or loss recognised in profit or loss, unless the economic substance of the difference in carrying values is attributed to a capital transaction with owners.
Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are items which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents include deposits with the CBU except mandatory reserve deposits held with CBU and all interbank placements with original maturities of less than three months. Funds restricted for a period of more than three months on origination are excluded from cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at amortised cost.
The payments or receipts presented in the statement of cash flows represent transfers of cash and cash equivalents by the Group, including amounts charged or credited to current accounts of the Group's counterparties held with the Group, such as loan interest income or principal collected by charging the customer's current account or interest payments or disbursement of loans credited to the customer's current account, which represents cash or cash equivalent from the customer's perspective.
Due from other banks . Amounts due from other banks are recorded when the Group advances money to counterparty banks with no intention of trading the resulting unquoted non-derivative receivable due on fixed or determinable dates. Amounts due from other banks are carried at amortised cost.
Loans and advances to customers. Loans and advances to customers are recorded when the Group advances money to purchase or originate an unquoted non-derivative receivable from a customer due on fixed or determinable dates and has no intention of trading the receivable. Loans and advances to customers are carried at amortised cost.
Investments in equity securities. Financial assets that meet the definition of equity from the issuer's perspective, i.e. instruments that do not contain a contractual obligation to pay cash and that evidence a residual interest in the issuer's net assets, are considered as investments in equity securities by the Group. Investments in equity securities are measured at FVTPL, except where the Group elects at initial recognition to irrevocably designate an equity investments at FVOCI. The Group's policy is to designate equity investments as FVOCI when those investments are held for strategic purposes other than solely to generate investment returns. When the FVOCI election is used, fair value gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss, including on disposal. Impairment losses and their reversals, if any, are not measured separately from other changes in fair value. Dividends continue to be recognised in profit or loss when the Group's right to receive payments is established except when they represent a recovery of an investment rather than a return on such investment.
Investments in debt securities. Based on the business model and the cash flow characteristics, the Group classifies investments in debt securities as carried at AC, FVOCI or FVTPL. Debt securities are carried at AC if they are held for collection of contractual cash flows and where those cash flows represent SPPI, and if they are not voluntarily designated at FVTPL in order to significantly reduce an accounting mismatch.
Debt securities are carried at FVOCI if they are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling, where those cash flows represent SPPI, and if they are not designated at FVTPL. Interest income from these assets is calculated using the effective interest method and recognised in profit or loss. An impairment allowance estimated using the expected credit loss model is recognised in profit or loss for the year. All other changes in the carrying value are recognised in OCI. When the debt security is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from OCI to profit or loss.
Investments in debt securities are carried at FVTPL if they do not meet the criteria for AC or FVOCI. The Group may also irrevocably designate investments in debt securities at FVTPL on initial recognition if applying this option significantly reduces an accounting mismatch between financial assets and liabilities being recognised or measured on different accounting bases.
Premises and equipment . Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and provision for impairment, where required.
Costs of minor repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Cost of replacing major parts or components of premises and equipment items are capitalised and the replaced part is retired.
At the end of each reporting period the Management assesses whether there is any indication of impairment of premises and equipment. If any such indication exists, the Management estimates the recoverable amount, which is determined as the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and the impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss for the year. An impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior years is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset's value in use or fair value less costs to sell.
An item of property and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
Construction in progress is carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees. Such construction in progress is classified to the appropriate categories of property and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Depreciation . Depreciation of premises and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives:
Useful lives in years
Building and leasehold improvements Lower of primary lease period and
33
Office and computer equipment 5-10
The residual value of an asset is the estimated amount that the Group would currently obtain from disposal of the asset less the estimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life. The residual value of an asset is nil if the Group expects to use the asset until the end of its physical life. The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each end of the reporting period.
Intangible assets . Intangible assets with finite useful lives carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
The Group's intangible assets primarily comprise capitalised computer software. Acquired computer software licenses are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring them to use. All other costs associated with computer software, e.g. its maintenance, are expensed when incurred. Capitalised computer software is amortised on a straight line basis over expected useful lives of five years.
Finance lease receivables. Where the Group is a lessor in a lease which transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the lessee, the assets leased out are presented as a finance lease receivable and carried at the present value of the future lease payments. Finance lease receivables are initially recognised at commencement (when the lease term begins) using a discount rate determined at inception (the earlier of the date of the lease agreement and the date of commitment by the parties to the principal provisions of the lease).
The difference between the gross receivable and the present value represents unearned finance income. This income is recognised over the term of the lease by applying the rate implicit in the lease to (i) the gross book value of lease receivables in stage 1 and 2 and (ii) net carrying amount of lease receivables in stage 3 of the ECL model. Incremental costs directly attributable to negotiating and arranging the lease are included in the initial measurement of the finance lease receivable and reduce the amount of income recognised over the lease term. Finance income from leases is recorded within other similar income in profit or loss.
Credit loss allowance is recognised in accordance with the general ECL model. The ECL is determined in the same way as for loans and advances measured at AC and recognised through an allowance account to write down the receivables' net carrying amount to the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the interest rates implicit in the finance leases. The estimated future cash flows reflect the cash flows that may result from obtaining and selling the assets subject to the lease.
Repossessed collateral . Repossessed collateral represents financial and non-financial assets acquired by the Group in settlement of overdue loans. The assets are initially recognised at fair value when acquired and included in other financial assets, investment properties or inventories within other assets depending on their nature and the Group's intention in respect of recovery of these assets, and are subsequently remeasured and accounted for in accordance with the accounting policies for these categories of assets.
Non-current assets held for sale. Non-current assets and disposal groups, which may include both non-current and current assets, are classified in the statement of financial position as 'non-current assets held for sale' if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction, including loss of control of a subsidiary holding the assets, within twelve months after the end of the reporting period. Assets are reclassified when all of the following conditions are met: (a) the assets are available for immediate sale in their present condition; (b) the Group's Management approved and initiated an active programme to locate a buyer; (c) the assets are actively marketed for sale at a reasonable price; (d) the sale is expected within one year and (e) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan to sell will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale in the current period's statement of financial position are not reclassified or re-presented in the comparative statement of financial position to reflect the classification at the end of the current period.
A disposal group is a group of assets (current or non-current) to be disposed of, by sale or otherwise, together as a group in a single transaction, and liabilities directly associated with those assets that will be transferred in the transaction. Goodwill is included if the disposal group includes an operation within a cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated on acquisition.
Non-current assets are assets that include amounts expected to be recovered or collected more than twelve months after the end of the reporting period. If reclassification is required, both the current and non-current portions of an asset are reclassified.
Held for sale disposal groups as a whole are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Held for sale premises and equipment are not depreciated or amortised. Reclassified non-current financial instruments and deferred taxes are not subject to write down to the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
Liabilities directly associated with disposal groups that will be transferred in the disposal transaction are reclassified and presented separately in the statement of financial position.
Discontinued operations. A discontinued operation is a component of the Group that either has been disposed of, or that is classified as held for sale, and: (a) represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; (b) is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (c) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Earnings and cash flows of discontinued operations, if any, are disclosed separately from continuing operations with comparatives being re-presented.
Due to other banks . Due to banks are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, amounts due are stated at amortised cost and any difference between net proceeds and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, using the effective interest method as interest expense.
Customer accounts . Customer accounts are non-derivative liabilities to individuals, state or corporate customers and are carried at amortised cost.
Debt securities in issue. Debt securities in issue include bonds and certificates of deposit issued by the Group. Debt securities are stated at amortised cost.
Other borrowed funds . Other borrowed funds include borrowings from government and non-government funds and financial institutions. Other borrowed funds are carried at amortised cost.
Subordinated debt. Subordinated debt can only be paid in the event of a liquidation after the claims of other higher priority creditors have been met. Subordinated debt is carried at amortised cost.
Derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange contracts, interest rate futures, forward rate agreements, currency and interest rate swaps, and currency and interest rate options are carried at their fair value.
All derivative instruments are carried as assets when fair value is positive, and as liabilities when fair value is negative. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are included in profit or loss for the year (gains less losses on derivatives). The Group does not apply hedge accounting.
Certain derivative instruments embedded in financial liabilities and other non-financial contracts are treated as separate derivative instruments when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contract.
Income taxes. Income taxes have been provided for in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with legislation enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The income tax charge comprises current tax and deferred tax and is recognised in profit or loss for the year, except if it is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity because it relates to transactions that are also recognised, in the same or a different period, in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Current tax is the amount expected to be paid to, or recovered from, the taxation authorities in respect of taxable profits or losses for the current and prior periods. Taxable profits or losses are based on estimates if the consolidated financial statements are authorised prior to filing relevant tax returns. Taxes other than on income are recorded within administrative and other operating expenses.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Uncertain tax positions. The Group's uncertain tax positions are reassessed by the Management at the end of each reporting period. Liabilities are recorded for income tax positions that are determined by the Management as more likely than not to result in additional taxes being levied if the positions were to be challenged by the tax authorities. The assessment is based on the interpretation of tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, and any known court or other rulings on such issues. Liabilities for penalties, interest and taxes other than on income are recognised based on the Management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligations at the end of the reporting period.
Large-scale tax system transformations are taking place in the Republic of Uzbekistan associated with the adoption of the Concept for Improving the Tax Policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Its main reforms are implemented in the Tax Code, other regulatory acts, including the annual "budgetary" resolution and entered into force on 1 January 2019.
There were significant changes introduced in tax law of the Republic of Uzbekistan in accordance with the Presidential decree #PD-4086 on "Forecasting the main macroeconomic budget indicators and parameters for 2019 and budget guidelines for 2020-2021" dated 26 December 2018. Corporate income tax for credit organisations has been set at of 20%.
Provisions for liabilities and charges. Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.
When the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income net of any reimbursement.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (where the effect of the time value of money is material).
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Loan commitments. The Group issues commitments to provide loans. These commitments are irrevocable or revocable only in response to a material adverse change. Such commitments are initially recognised at their fair value, which is normally evidenced by the amount of fees received. This amount is amortised on a straight line basis over the life of the commitment, except for commitments to originate loans if it is probable that the Group will enter into a specific lending arrangement and does not expect to sell the resulting loan shortly after origination; such loan commitment fees are deferred and included in the carrying value of the loan on initial recognition. At the end of each reporting period, the commitments are measured at (i) the remaining unamortised balance of the amount at initial recognition, plus (ii) the amount of the loss allowance determined based on the expected credit loss model, unless the commitment is to provide a loan at a below market interest rate, in which case the measurement is at the higher of these two amounts. The carrying amount of the loan commitments represents a liability. For contracts that include both a loan and an undrawn commitment and where the Group cannot separately distinguish the ECL on the undrawn loan component from the loan component, the ECL on the undrawn commitment is recognised together with the loss allowance for the loan. To the extent that the combined ECLs exceed the gross carrying amount of the loan, they are recognised as a liability.
Financial guarantees. Financial guarantees require the Group to make specified payments to reimburse the holder of the guarantee for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantees are initially recognised at their fair value, which is normally evidenced by the amount of fees received. This amount is amortised on a straight line basis over the life of the guarantee. At the end of each reporting period, the guarantees are measured at the higher of (i) the amount of the loss allowance for the guaranteed exposure determined based on the expected loss model and (ii) the remaining unamortised balance of the amount at initial recognition. In addition, an ECL loss allowance is recognised for fees receivable that are recognised in the statement of financial position as an asset. Note 4 provides information about inputs, assumptions and estimation techniques used in measuring ECL, including an explanation of how the Group incorporates forward-looking information in the ECL models.
Trade payable and other liabilities . Trade payables and other liabilities are accrued when the counterparty has performed its obligations under the contract and are carried at amortised cost.
Share capital. Ordinary shares and non-redeemable preference shares with discretionary dividends are both classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Any excess of the fair value of consideration received over the par value of shares issued is recorded as share premium in equity.
Preference shares which carry a mandatory coupon or are redeemable on a specific date or at the option of the shareholder are classified as financial liabilities and are presented in other borrowed funds. The dividends on these preference shares are recognised as interest expense on an amortised cost basis, using the effective interest method.
Treasury shares. Where the Group or its subsidiaries purchase the Group's equity instruments, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental external costs, net of income taxes, is deducted from equity attributable to the owners of the Group until the equity instruments are reissued, disposed of or cancelled. Where such shares are subsequently disposed of or reissued, any consideration received is included in equity.
Dividends . Dividends are recorded in equity in the period in which they are declared. Any dividends declared after the end of the reporting period and before the consolidated financial statements are authorised for issue are disclosed in the subsequent events note. The statutory accounting reports of the Group are the basis for profit distribution and other appropriations. Uzbek legislation identifies retained earnings as the basis for profit distribution.
Interest income and expense recognition. Interest income and expense are recorded for all debt instruments on an accrual basis using the effective interest method. This method defers, as part of interest income or expense, all fees paid or received between the parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. Interest income on lease receivables calculated at nominal interest rate is presented within 'other similar income' line in profit or loss.
Fees integral to the effective interest rate include origination fees received or paid by the entity relating to the creation or acquisition of a financial asset or issuance of a financial liability, for example fees for evaluating creditworthiness, evaluating and recording guarantees or collateral, negotiating the terms of the instrument and for processing transaction documents. Commitment fees received by the Group to originate loans at market interest rates are integral to the effective interest rate if it is probable that the Group will enter into a specific lending arrangement and does not expect to sell the resulting loan shortly after origination. The Group does not designate loan commitments as financial liabilities at FVTPL.
For financial assets that are originated or purchased credit-impaired, the effective interest rate is the rate that discounts the expected cash flows (including the initial expected credit losses) to the fair value on initial recognition (normally represented by the purchase price). As a result, the effective interest is credit-adjusted.
Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of financial assets, except for (i) financial assets that have become credit impaired (Stage 3), for which interest revenue is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to their AC, net of the ECL provision, and (ii) financial assets that are purchased or originated credit impaired, for which the original credit-adjusted effective interest rate is applied to the AC.
If the credit risk on the financial asset classified in Stage 3 subsequently improves so that the asset is no longer credit-impaired and the improvement can be related objectively to an event occurring after the asset had been determined as credit-impaired (ie the asset becomes cured), the asset is reclassified from stage 3 and the interest revenue is calculated by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount. The additional interest income, which was previously not recognised in P&L due to the asset being in stage 3 but it is now expected to be received following the asset's curing, is recognised as a reversal of impairment.
Fee and commission income. Fee and commission income is recognised over time on a straight line basis as the services are rendered, when the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Group's performance. Such income includes recurring fees for account maintenance, account servicing fees, account subscription fees, etc. Variable fees are recognised only to the extent that management determines that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
Other fee and commission income is recognised at a point in time when the Group satisfies its performance obligation, usually upon execution of the underlying transaction. The amount of fee or commission received or receivable represents the transaction price for the services identified as distinct performance obligations. Such income includes fees for arranging a sale or purchase of foreign currencies on behalf of a customer, fees for processing payment transactions, fees for cash settlements, collection or cash disbursements, as well as, commissions and fees arising from negotiating, or participating in the negotiation of a transaction for a third party, such as the acquisition of loans, shares or other securities or the purchase or sale of businesses. Loan syndication fees are recognised as income when the syndication has been completed and the Group retains no part of the loan package for itself or retains a part at the same effective interest rate as for the other participants.
Basis of accounting for insurance activities
Insurance operations income primarily comprises of premiums written less provision for unearned premiums.
Premiums written. Premiums are recognized within insurance operations income upon inception of a contract for the full amount.
Provision for unearned premiums. The Group calculated Unearned Premium Reserve (UPR) according to legislation requirements, where insurance lines of business are divided into four accounting groups. For the first accounting group, the unearned premium is calculated separately for each insurance contract using the "pro rata temporis" method, which is in line with IFRS. The "pro rata temporis" method includes calculation of unearned premium in proportion to the remaining useful life of insurance contract at the balance sheet date. For the other accounting groups, UPR calculated differently, not in accordance with IFRS.
Claims. Claims and claims handling expenses are charged to the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income as incurred based on the evaluated liability for compensation payable to policyholders or third parties, net of subrogation. Subrogation is a right to pursue third parties for payment of some or all costs related to the claims settlement process.
Loss provision. Loss provision represents the accumulation of estimates for ultimate losses and includes provision for losses reported but not settled ("RBNS") and incurred but not yet reported ("IBNR"). Estimates of claims handling expenses are included in both RBNS and IBNR. RBNS is provided in respect of claims reported, but not settled as at the reporting date. The IBNR is determined by summing the IBNR estimated for each line of business. The Group calculates IBNR of at least 10 percent of the base insurance premium under insurance contracts for the period twelve months prior to the reporting date, which is in accordance with the insurance legislation (Regulation on insurance reserves of insurers in accordance with Order of the Minister of Finance of 20 November 2008 N 107, registered by the Ministry of Justice on 15 December 2008 N 1882). Reserves for insurance contracts primarily comprises of provision for unearned premiums and insurance loss provisions.
Liability adequacy test. At each reporting date, liability adequacy tests are performed to ensure the adequacy of the contract liabilities. In performing these tests, the current best estimates of the future contractual cash flows and claims handling and administration expenses are used. Any deficiency is immediately charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income by subsequently establishing a provision for losses arising from the liability adequacy tests.
Reinsurance. The Group assumes and cedes reinsurance in the normal course of business. Ceded reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Group from its obligations to policyholders. Amounts recoverable from or due to reinsurers are measured consistently with the amounts associated with the reinsured insurance contracts and in accordance with the term of each reinsurance contract. Reinsurance assets include balances due from reinsurance companies for paid claims, including claims handling expenses, reinsurers' share of loss provision and premiums ceded to the Group. Reinsurance payables are obligations of the Group for the transfer of reinsurance premiums to reinsurers.
The Group assesses its reinsurance assets for impairment on a regular basis. If there is objective evidence that the reinsurance asset is impaired, the Group reduces the carrying amount of the reinsurance asset to its recoverable amount and recognises that impairment loss in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Capitalisation of borrowing costs. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that is not carried at fair value and that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale (a qualifying asset), form part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense using the effective interest method. The Group capitalises borrowing costs that would have been avoided if it had not made capital expenditure on qualifying assets. The commencement date for capitalisation is when (a) the Group incurs expenditures for the qualifying asset; (b) it incurs borrowing costs; and (c) it undertakes activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Capitalisation ceases when all activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use or sale are complete.
Interest or other investment income is not deducted in arriving at the amount of borrowing costs available for capitalisation, except where the Group obtains specific borrowings for the purpose of acquiring a qualifying asset and has investment income on the temporary investment of funds obtained through such specific borrowings.
Foreign currency translation . The functional currency of the Group, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group operates and the presentation currency is the national currency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbek Soum ("UZS").
Monetary assets and liabilities are translated into Group's functional currency at the official exchange rate of the CBU at the end of respective reporting period. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of the transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities into Group's functional currency at year-end official exchange rates of the CBU are recognised in profit or loss. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency, including equity investments, are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.
Effects of exchange rate changes on non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are recorded as part of the fair value gain or loss.
As at 31 December 2022, the rate of exchange used for translating foreign currency balances was USD 1 =11,225.46 (2021: USD 1 = UZS 10,837.66) and EUR 1 = UZS 11,961.85 (2021: EUR 1 = UZS 12,224.88 ).
Offsetting. Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts, and there is an intention to either settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Earnings per share. Preference shares are not redeemable, and are considered to be participating shares. Earnings per share are determined by dividing the profit or loss attributable to owners of the Group by the weighted average number of participating shares outstanding during the reporting year.
Staff costs and related contributions. Wages, salaries, contributions to the state pension and social insurance funds, paid annual leave and sick leave, bonuses, and non-monetary benefits are accrued in the year in which the associated services are rendered by the employees of the Group. The Group has no legal or constructive obligation to make pension or similar benefit payments beyond the payments to the statutory defined contribution scheme.
Segment reporting . Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Group 's chief operating decision maker. Segments whose revenue, result or assets are ten percent or more of all the segments are reported separately.
Presentation of statement of financial position in order of liquidity. The Group does not have a clearly identifiable operating cycle and therefore does not present current and non-current assets and liabilities separately in the statement of financial position. Instead, assets and liabilities are presented in order of their liquidity. Refer to Note 37 for analysis of financial instruments by their maturity. The following table provides information on amounts expected to be recovered or settled before and after twelve months after the
reporting period for items that are not analysed in Note 37.
31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Amounts expected to be Amounts expected to be
recovered or settled recovered or settled
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
Within After Total Within After Total
12 months 12 months 12 months 12 months
after the after the after the after the
reporting reporting reporting reporting
period period period period
----------------------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Assets
Investment
in associates - 35,834 35,834 - 29,726 29,726
Premises, equipment
and intangible
assets - 2,082,504 2,082,504 - 1,276,363 1,276,363
Deferred tax
asset - 194,962 194,962 - 202,125 202,125
Insurance assets - 20,336 20,336 - 12,964 12,964
Other assets - 279,366 279,366 - 356,482 356,482
Non-current
assets held
for sale 223,345 - 223,345 48,602 - 48,602
Liabilities
Insurance liabilities - 117,348 117,348 - 84,813 84,813
Other liabilities - 240,326 240,326 - 197,421 197,421
4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
The preparation of the Group's consolidated financial statements requires the Management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of income and expenses during the reporting year. The Management evaluates its estimates and judgements on an ongoing basis. The Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The following estimates and judgments are considered important to the portrayal of the Group's financial condition.
Critical accounting judgements
Business model assessment. The business model drives classification of financial assets. Management applied judgement in determining the level of aggregation and portfolios of financial instruments when performing the business model assessment. When assessing sales transactions, the Group considers their historical frequency, timing and value, reasons for the sales and expectations about future sales activity. Sales transactions aimed at minimising potential losses due to credit deterioration are considered consistent with the "hold to collect" business model. Other sales before maturity, not related to credit risk management activities, are also consistent with the "hold to collect" business model, provided that they are infrequent or insignificant in value, both individually and in aggregate. The Group assesses significance of sales transactions by comparing the value of the sales to the value of the portfolio subject to the business model assessment over the average life of the portfolio. In addition, sales of financial asset expected only in stress case scenario, or in response to an isolated event that is beyond the Group's control, is not recurring and could not have been anticipated by the Group, are regarded as incidental to the business model objective and do not impact the classification of the respective financial assets.
The "hold to collect and sell" business model means that assets are held to collect the cash flows, but selling is also integral to achieving the business model's objective, such as, managing liquidity needs, achieving a particular yield, or matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of the liabilities that fund those assets.
The residual category includes those portfolios of financial assets, which are managed with the objective of realising cash flows primarily through sale, such as where a pattern of trading exists. Collecting contractual cash flow is often incidental for this business model.
Significant increase of credit risk. As explained in Note 3, ECL are measured as an allowance equal to 12-month ECL for Stage 1 assets, or lifetime ECL assets for Stage 2 or Stage 3 assets. An asset moves to Stage 2 when its credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition. In assessing whether the credit risk of an asset has significantly increased the Group takes into account qualitative and quantitative reasonable and supportable forward-looking information.
For treasury operations, the Group calculates ECL on a financial asset based not only on the current estimates of the credit quality of the counterparty/issuer at the reporting date, but also taking into account possible deterioration of the financial condition due to the adverse macroeconomic factors of the counterparty's/issuer's environment in the future. In particular, the level of ECL for treasury operations is affected by the rating outlook (positive, stable, negative) assigned by international rating agencies, which affects the probability of default ("PD").
For loans to customers, the calculation of ECL takes into account the possible estimated effects of changes in macroeconomic parameters on forecasted cash flows, migration of collective loans and collateral coverage.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The key inputs used for measuring ECL are:
-- Probability of default (PD); -- Loss given default (LGD); and -- Exposure at default (EAD).
Probability of default. PD constitutes a key input in measuring ECL. PD for loans is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time horizon, the calculation of which includes historical data, assumptions and expectations of future conditions.
PD for treasury operations is determined according to the Default Study from international rating agencies (S&P, Fitch, Moody's), which publish tabular data with the values of the probabilities of default.
The probabilities of default are maintained up to date and are updated on a periodic basis as the default statistics are updated.
Loss Given Default. LGD is an estimate of the loss arising on default. It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due and those that the lender would expect to receive, taking into account cash flows from collateral. LGD is an estimate of the loss arising on default. It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due and those that the lender would expect to receive, taking into account cash flows from collateral and integral credit enhancements.
LGD for treasury operations is determined according to the Default Study data from international rating agencies (S&P, Fitch, Moody's) and depends on the type of debt on the financial asset: senior secured/unsecured, subordinated, sovereign. In addition, LGD may be adjusted if collateral is provided for the asset, as well as if there are indications of impairment for the financial asset (Stage 2 or Stage 3).
LGD for collectively assessed loans is calculated based on an estimate of the recoverability of debt in case of the pledged collateral sale with a discount period that corresponds to the pledged collateral implementation terms.
Exposure at Default. EAD is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date, taking into account expected changes in the exposure after the reporting date, including repayments of principal and interest, and expected drawdowns on committed facilities. The Group's modelling approach for EAD reflects expected changes in the balance outstanding over the lifetime of the loan exposure that are permitted by the current contractual terms. The Group uses EAD models that reflect the characteristics of the portfolios.
If probability of default (PD) increased by 10% for the whole loan portfolio then ECL would have increased by 18% to UZS 3,397,720 million as of 31 December 2022. If LGD increased by 10% for the whole loan portfolio then ECL would have increased by 22% to UZS 3,517,218 million.
Establishing groups of assets with similar credit risk characteristics . When ECLs are measured on a collective basis, the financial instruments are grouped on the basis of shared risk characteristics. The Group monitors the appropriateness of the credit risk characteristics on an ongoing basis to assess whether they continue to be similar. This is required in order to ensure that should credit risk characteristics change there is appropriate re-segmentation of the assets.
The Group measures ECL on an individual basis, or on a collective basis for portfolios of loans that share similar risk characteristics. The measurement of the loss allowance is based on the present value of the asset's expected cash flows using the asset's original EIR, regardless of whether it is measured on an individual basis or a collective basis.
Models and assumptions used. The Group uses various models and assumptions in measuring fair value of financial assets as well as in estimating ECL. Judgement is applied in identifying the most appropriate model for each type of asset, as well as for determining the assumptions used in these models, including assumptions that relate to key drivers of credit risk.
Recoverability of deferred tax assets. The Management of the Group is confident that no adjustment against deferred tax assets at the reporting date is considered necessary, because it is more than likely that the deferred tax asset will be fully realized. The Group is profitable and there is a forecast of profits over the coming periods over which the current timing differences will unwind.
Other borrowed funds. The Group obtains long term financing from government, state and international financial institutions at interest rates at which such institutions ordinarily lend in emerging markets and which may be lower than rates at which the Group could source the funds from local lenders. As a result of this financing, the Group is able to advance funds to specific customers at advantageous rates. The Management has considered whether gains or losses should arise on initial recognition of these instruments and its judgment is that these funds are at the market rates and no initial recognition gains or losses should arise. In making this judgment the Management also considered that these instruments are a separate market sector.
Loans and advances to customers . The Management has considered gains or losses arisen on initial recognition for loan lending to Group customers where the lending rate is below the market interest rate.
Fair value measurement and valuation process. In estimating the fair value of a financial asset or a liability, the Group uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where such Level 1 inputs are not available, the Group uses valuation models to determine the fair value of its financial instruments.
The Group incorporates forward-looking information into a measurement of ECL when there is a statistically proven correlation between the macro-economic variables and defaults. As at the reporting date the Group has obtained quarterly values for macroeconomic variables: export, import, GDP, CPI, current account balances, unemployment rates, aligned them with quarterly default rates across all loan portfolios and performed statistical tests for correlation considering different time lags. The Management analysed forward-looking information and assessed that effect of macro is not significant. The Management updates its statistical tests for correlation as at each reporting date.
5. APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)
The following amendments became effective from 1 January 2022:
Proceeds before intended use, Onerous contracts - cost of fulfilling a contract, Reference to the Conceptual Framework - narrow scope amendments to IAS 16, IAS 37 and IFRS 3, and Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2018-2020 - amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16 and IAS 41 (issued on 14 May 2020 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022).
-- The amendment to IAS 16 prohibits an Group from deducting from the cost of an item of PPE any proceeds received from selling items produced while the Group is preparing the asset for its intended use. The proceeds from selling such items, together with the costs of producing them, are now recognised in profit or loss. An Group will use IAS 2 to measure the cost of those items. Cost will not include depreciation of the asset being tested because it is not ready for its intended use. The amendment to IAS 16 also clarifies that an Group is 'testing whether the asset is functioning properly' when it assesses the technical and physical performance of the asset. The financial performance of the asset is not relevant to this assessment. An asset might therefore be capable of operating as intended by management and subject to depreciation before it has achieved the level of operating performance expected by management.
-- The amendment to IAS 37 clarifies the meaning of 'costs to fulfil a contract'. The amendment explains that the direct cost of fulfilling a contract comprises the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract; and an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling. The amendment also clarifies that, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, an Group recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets used in fulfilling the contract, rather than on assets dedicated to that contract.
-- IFRS 3 was amended to refer to the 2018 Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, in order to determine what constitutes an asset or a liability in a business combination. Prior to the amendment, IFRS 3 referred to the 2001 Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. In addition, a new exception in IFRS 3 was added for liabilities and contingent liabilities. The exception specifies that, for some types of liabilities and contingent liabilities, an Group applying IFRS 3 should instead refer to IAS 37 or IFRIC 21, rather than the 2018 Conceptual Framework. Without this new exception, an Group would have recognised some liabilities in a business combination that it would not recognise under IAS 37. Therefore, immediately after the acquisition, the Group would have had to derecognise such liabilities and recognise a gain that did not depict an economic gain. It was also clarified that the acquirer should not recognise contingent assets, as defined in IAS 37, at the acquisition date.
-- The amendment to IFRS 9 addresses which fees should be included in the 10% test for derecognition of financial liabilities. Costs or fees could be paid to either third parties or the lender. Under the amendment, costs or fees paid to third parties will not be included in the 10% test.
-- Illustrative Example 13 that accompanies IFRS 16 was amended to remove the illustration of payments from the lessor relating to leasehold improvements. The reason for the amendment is to remove any potential confusion about the treatment of lease incentives.
-- IFRS 1 allows an exemption if a subsidiary adopts IFRS at a later date than its parent. The subsidiary can measure its assets and liabilities at the carrying amounts that would be included in its parent's consolidated financial statements, based on the parent's date of transition to IFRS, if no adjustments were made for consolidation procedures and for the effects of the business combination in which the parent acquired the subsidiary. IFRS 1 was amended to allow entities that have taken this IFRS 1 exemption to also measure cumulative translation differences using the amounts reported by the parent, based on the parent's date of transition to IFRS. The amendment to IFRS 1 extends the above exemption to cumulative translation differences, in order to reduce costs for first-time adopters. This amendment will also apply to associates and joint ventures that have taken the same IFRS 1 exemption.
-- The requirement for entities to exclude cash flows for taxation when measuring fair value under IAS 41 was removed. This amendment is intended to align with the requirement in the standard to discount cash flows on a post-tax basis.
The application of the amendments had no significant impact on the Group's consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Certain new standards and interpretations have been issued that are mandatory for the annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 or later, and which the Group has not early adopted.
IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" (issued on 18 May 2017 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). IFRS 17 replaces IFRS 4, which has given companies dispensation to carry on accounting for insurance contracts using existing practices. As a consequence, it was difficult for investors to compare and contrast the financial performance of otherwise similar insurance companies. IFRS 17 is a single principle-based standard to account for all types of insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts that an insurer holds. The standard requires recognition and measurement of groups of insurance contracts at: (i) a risk-adjusted present value of the future cash flows (the fulfilment cash flows) that incorporates all of the available information about the fulfilment cash flows in a way that is consistent with observable market information; plus (if this value is a liability) or minus (if this value is an asset) (ii) an amount representing the unearned profit in the group of contracts (the contractual service margin). Insurers will be recognising the profit from a group of insurance contracts over the period they provide insurance coverage, and as they are released from risk. If a group of contracts is or becomes loss-making, an Group will be recognising the loss immediately.
Group is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on its financial statements. Potential impact on insurance products embedded in loans and similar instruments is also under consideration.
1Amendments to IFRS 17 and an amendment to IFRS 4 (issued on 25 June 2020 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendments include a number of clarifications intended to ease implementation of IFRS 17, simplify some requirements of the standard and transition. The amendments relate to eight areas of IFRS 17, and they are not intended to change the fundamental principles of the standard. The following amendments to IFRS 17 were made:
-- Effective date: The effective date of IFRS 17 (incorporating the amendments) has been deferred by two years to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023; and the fixed expiry date of the temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 in IFRS 4 has also been deferred to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023.
-- Expected recovery of insurance acquisition cash flows: An Group is required to allocate part of the acquisition costs to related expected contract renewals, and to recognise those costs as an asset until the Group recognises the contract renewals. Entities are required to assess the recoverability of the asset at each reporting date, and to provide specific information about the asset in the notes to the financial statements.
-- Contractual service margin attributable to investment services : Coverage units should be identified, considering the quantity of benefits and expected period of both insurance coverage and investment services, for contracts under the variable fee approach and for other contracts with an 'investment-return service' under the general model. Costs related to investment activities should be included as cash flows within the boundary of an insurance contract, to the extent that the Group performs such activities to enhance benefits from insurance coverage for the policyholder.
-- Reinsurance contracts held - recovery of losses: When an Group recognises a loss on initial recognition of an onerous group of underlying insurance contracts, or on addition of onerous underlying contracts to a group, an Group should adjust the contractual service margin of a related group of reinsurance contracts held and recognise a gain on the reinsurance contracts held. The amount of the loss recovered from a reinsurance contract held is determined by multiplying the loss recognised on underlying insurance contracts and the percentage of claims on underlying insurance contracts that the Group expects to recover from the reinsurance contract held. This requirement would apply only when the reinsurance contract held is recognised before or at the same time as the loss is recognised on the underlying insurance contracts
-- Other amendments: Other amendments include scope exclusions for some credit card (or similar) contracts, and some loan contracts; presentation of insurance contract assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position in portfolios instead of groups; applicability of the risk mitigation option when mitigating financial risks using reinsurance contracts held and non-derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss; an accounting policy choice to change the estimates made in previous interim financial statements when applying IFRS 17; inclusion of income tax payments and receipts that are specifically chargeable to the policyholder under the terms of an insurance contract in the fulfilment cash flows; and selected transition reliefs and other minor amendments.
Transition option for insurers applying IFRS 17 - Amendments to IFRS 17 (issued on 9 December 2021 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendment to the transition requirements in IFRS 17 provides insurers with an option aimed at improving the usefulness of information to investors on initial application of IFRS 17. The amendment relates to insurers' transition to IFRS 17 only and does not affect any other requirements in IFRS 17. The transition requirements in IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 apply at different dates and will result in the following one-time classification differences in the comparative information presented on initial application of IFRS 17: accounting mismatches between insurance contract liabilities measured at current value and any related financial assets measured at amortised cost; and if an Group chooses to restate comparative information for IFRS 9, classification differences between financial assets derecognised in the comparative period (to which IFRS 9 will not apply) and other financial assets (to which IFRS 9 will apply). The amendment will help insurers to avoid these temporary accounting mismatches and, therefore, will improve the usefulness of comparative information for investors. It does this by providing insurers with an option for the presentation of comparative information about financial assets. When initially applying IFRS 17, entities would, for the purpose of presenting comparative information, be permitted to apply a classification overlay to a financial asset for which the Group does not restate IFRS 9 comparative information. The transition option would be available, on an instrument-by-instrument basis; allow an Group to present comparative information as if the classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9 had been applied to that financial asset, but not require an Group to apply the impairment requirements of IFRS 9; and require an Group that applies the classification overlay to a financial asset to use reasonable and supportable information available at the transition date to determine how the Group expects that financial asset to be classified applying IFRS 9.
Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction - Amendments to IAS 12 (issued on 7 May 2021 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendments to IAS 12 specify how to account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. In specified circumstances, entities are exempt from recognising deferred tax when they recognise assets or liabilities for the first time. Previously, there had been some uncertainty about whether the exemption applied to transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations - transactions for which both an asset and a liability are recognised. The amendments clarify that the exemption does not apply and that entities are required to recognise deferred tax on such transactions. The amendments require companies to recognise deferred tax on transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
Classification of liabilities as current or non-current - Amendments to IAS 1 (issued on 23 January 2020 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). These narrow scope amendments clarify that liabilities are classified as either current or non-current, depending on the rights that exist at the end of the reporting period. Liabilities are non-current if the Group has a substantive right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement for at least twelve months. The guidance no longer requires such a right to be unconditional. Management's expectations whether they will subsequently exercise the right to defer settlement do not affect classification of liabilities. The right to defer only exists if the Group complies with any relevant conditions as of the end of the reporting period. A liability is classified as current if a condition is breached at or before the reporting date even if a waiver of that condition is obtained from the lender after the end of the reporting period. Conversely, a loan is classified as non-current if a loan covenant is breached only after the reporting date. In addition, the amendments include clarifying the classification requirements for debt a company might settle by converting it into equity. 'Settlement' is defined as the extinguishment of a liability with cash, other resources embodying economic benefits or an Group's own equity instruments.
There is an exception for convertible instruments that might be converted into equity, but only for those instruments where the conversion option is classified as an equity instrument as a separate component of a compound financial instrument. The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
Classification of liabilities as current or non-current, deferral of effective date - Amendments to IAS 1 (issued on 15 July 2020 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendment to IAS 1 on classification of liabilities as current or non-current was issued in January 2020 with an original effective date 1 January 2022. However, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the effective date was deferred by one year to provide companies with more time to implement classification changes resulting from the amended guidance. The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 8: Definition of Accounting Estimates (issued on 12 February 2021 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendment to IAS 8 clarified how companies should distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates.
The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2: Disclosure of Accounting policies (issued on 12 February 2021 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). IAS 1 was amended to require companies to disclose their material accounting policy information rather than their significant accounting policies. The amendment provided the definition of material accounting policy information. The amendment also clarified that accounting policy information is expected to be material if, without it, the users of the financial statements would be unable to understand other material information in the financial statements. The amendment provided illustrative examples of accounting policy information that is likely to be considered material to the Group's financial statements. Further, the amendment to IAS 1 clarified that immaterial accounting policy information need not be disclosed. However, if it is disclosed, it should not obscure material accounting policy information. To support this amendment, IFRS Practice Statement 2, 'Making Materiality Judgements' was also amended to provide guidance on how to apply the concept of materiality to accounting policy disclosures. The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
Unless otherwise described above, the new standards and interpretations are not expected to affect significantly the Group's consolidated financial statements.
6. SEGMENT REPORTING
Operating segments are components of the Group that engage in business activities that may earn revenues or incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers (CODM) and for which discrete financial information is available. The CODM of the group is the Management Board. The Management Board regularly uses financial information based on IFRS for operational decision-making and resource allocation.
(a) Description of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its revenue
The Group is organized on the basis of two main business segments - corporate banking which represents direct debit facilities, current accounts, deposits, overdrafts, loan and other credit facilities, foreign currency and derivative products and retail banking which represents private banking services, private customer current accounts, savings, deposits and debit cards, consumer loans.
(b) Information about reportable segment profit or loss, assets, and liabilities
Segment information for the reportable segments for the period ended 31 December 2022 is set out below:
31 December 2022
---------------------------------------
Corporate Individuals Total
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ -----------
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 7,004,220 115,269 7,119,489
Loans and advances to customers 42,913,084 5,507,405 48,420,489
Due from other banks 1,843,415 - 1,843,415
Investment securities measured
at amortised cost 2,678,571 - 2,678,571
Total reportable segment assets 54,439,290 5,622,674 60,061,964
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ -----------
Liabilities
Due to other banks 3,895,719 - 3,895,719
Customer accounts 11,097,447 4,231,372 15,328,819
Other borrowed funds 32,232,397 9,363 32,241,760
Debt securities in issue 3,361,256 - 3,361,256
Total reportable segment liabilities 50,586,819 4,240,735 54,827,554
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ -----------
Segment information for the reportable segments for the year ended 31 December 2021 is set out below:
31 December 2021
--------------------------------------
Corporate Individuals Total
-------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 8,138,305 58,347 8,196,652
Loans and advances to customers 38,370,977 4,166,074 42,537,051
Due from other banks 1,956,303 - 1,956,303
Investment securities measured at amortised cost 1,067,512 - 1,067,512
Total reportable segment assets 49,533,097 4,224,421 53,757,518
-------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
Liabilities
Due to other banks 1,392,977 - 1,392,977
Customer accounts 10,257,754 3,303,786 13,561,540
Other borrowed funds 30,120,024 10,752 30,130,776
Debt securities in issue 3,317,817 - 3,317,817
Total reportable segment liabilities 45,088,572 3,314,538 48,403,110
-------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
The cash management is performed by Treasury Department to support liquidity of the Bank as a whole.
2022
----------------------------------------
Corporate Individuals Total
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Interest income
Interest on Loans and advances to
customers 3,874,358 670,526 4,544,884
Interest on balances Due from other
banks 278,921 - 278,921
Interest on investment securities
measured at amortised cost 274,786 - 274,786
Interest expense
Interest on balances Due to other
banks (71,274) - (71,274)
Interest on Customer accounts (373,743) (414,107) (787,850)
Interest on Other borrowed funds (1,532,566) - (1,532,566)
Interest on Debt securities in issue (218,324) - (218,324)
Interest on subordinated debt (16,357) - (16,357)
Segment results 2,215,801 256,419 2,472,220
-------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
2021
----------------------------------------
Corporate Individuals Total
-------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Interest income
Interest on Loans and advances to customers 3,311,860 578,566 3,890,426
Interest on balances Due from other banks 142,770 - 142,770
Interest on investment securities measured at amortised cost 154,226 - 154,226
Interest expense
Interest on balances Due to other banks (70,794) - (70,794)
Interest on Customer accounts (252,500) (317,863) (570,363)
Interest on Other borrowed funds (1,219,611) - (1,219,611)
Interest on Debt securities in issue (201,107) - (201,107)
Interest on subordinated debt (6,030) - (6,030)
Segment results 1,858,814 260,703 2,119,517
-------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
(c) Reconciliation of income and expenses, assets, and liabilities for reportable segments:
31 December 31 December
2022 2021
----------------------------------------- -------------- ---------------
Total reportable segment assets 60,061,964 53,757,518
Financial assets at fair value
through other comprehensive income 42,007 48,136
Investment in associates 35,834 29,726
Premises, equipment and intangible
assets 2,082,504 1,276,363
Current income tax prepayment 251,647 45,778
Deferred tax asset 194,962 202,125
Insurance assets 20,336 12,964
Other assets 279,366 310,704
Non-current assets held for sale 223,345 48,602
Total assets 63,191,965 55,731,916
Total reportable segment liabilities 54,827,554 48,403,110
Derivative financial liabilities 115,533 -
Insurance liabilities 117,348 84,813
Other liabilities 240,326 197,421
Subordinated debt 330,560 101,771
Total liabilities 55,631,321 48,787,115
2022 2021
---------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Segment results 2,472,220 2,119,516
Provision for credit losses on loans
and advances to customers (925,158) (420,937)
(Loss)/gain on initial recognition
on interest bearing assets (41,514) 8,119
Gains less losses from modification
of financial assets measured at amortised
cost, that did not lead to derecognition (44,035) (52,338)
Fee and commission income 443,690 386,074
Fee and commission expense (126,413) (110,483)
Gains less losses from financial derivatives (100,848) -
Net gain on foreign exchange translation 185,776 (4,262)
Net gain from trading in foreign currencies 337,768 170,935
Insurance operations income 86,724 80,881
Insurance operations expense (49,065) (36,331)
Change in insurance reserves, net (25,163) (32,235)
Dividend income 4,741 4,920
Other operating income 16,482 40,866
Provision for credit losses on other
assets 8,521 (34,145)
Impairment of assets held for sale (46,267) (5,586)
Administrative and other operating
expenses (1,366,177) (1,044,146)
Share of result from associates 703 722
Profit before tax 831,985 1,071,570
Income tax expense (211,433) (214,582)
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD FROM CONTINUING
OPERATIONS 620,552 856,988
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD 620,552 856,988
---------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
7. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
31 December 31 December
2022 2021
---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Correspondent accounts and placements
with other banks
with original maturities of less than
three months 4,280,246 5,154,254
Cash on hand 1,522,206 861,313
Cash balances with the CBU (other than
mandatory reserve deposits) 1,318,006 2,181,792
Less: Allowance for expected credit
losses (969) (707)
Total cash and cash equivalents 7,119,489 8,196,652
Cash balances with the CBU are maintained at a level to ensure compliance with the CBU liquidity ratio. The credit quality of cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 2022 is as follows:
Cash balances Correspondent accounts Total
with the CBU and placements with
(other than other banks with
mandatory reserve original maturities
deposits) of less than three
months
------------------------------ ------------------- ----------------------- ----------
- Central Bank of Uzbekistan 1,318,006 - 1,318,006
- Rated AA- to A+ - 4,089,923 4,089,923
- Rated Baa - 37,114 70,606
- Rated Ba - 70,606 37,114
- Unrated - 82,603 82,603
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (28) (941) (969)
Total cash and cash
equivalents,
excluding cash on hand 1,317,978 4,279,305 5,597,283
As at 31 December 2022 cash and cash equivalents balances with Russian banks are classified as "Unrated", under the category Correspondent accounts and placements with other banks with original maturities of less than three months, since their rating was withdrawn by all rating agencies.
As at 31 December 2022 for the purpose of ECL measurement cash and cash equivalents balances are included in Stage 1 except for balances with Russian banks which are included in Stage 2. Refer to Note 31 for the ECL movement.
The credit rating is based on the rating agency Moody's (if available) or the rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Fitch, which are converted to the nearest equivalent value on the Moody's rating scale.
The credit quality of cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 2021 is as follows:
Cash balances with the CBU Correspondent accounts and Total
(other than mandatory reserve placements with other banks with
deposits) original maturities of less than
three months
---------------------------------- --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ------------
- Central bank of Uzbekistan 2,181,792 - 2,181,792
- Rated AA to A- - 4,022,030 4,022,030
- Rated Baa - 56,186 56,186
- Rated Ba - 1,076,038 1,076,038
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (50) (657) (707)
Total cash and cash equivalents,
excluding cash on hand 2,181,742 5,153,597 7,335,339
As at 31 December 2021 for the purpose of ECL measurement cash and cash equivalents balances are included in
Stage 1 except for balances with Russian banks which are included in Stage 2.
Interest rate analysis of cash and cash equivalents is disclosed in Note 37. Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
8. DUE FROM OTHER BANKS
31 December 31 December
2022 2021
-------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
Placements with other banks with original
maturities of more than three months 1,659,444 1,688,653
Mandatory cash balances with CBU 192,572 184,209
Restricted cash 25,597 118,888
- -
-------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
- -
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (34,198) (35,447)
Total due from other banks 1,843,415 1,956,303
Mandatory deposits with the CBU include non-interest-bearing reserves against client deposits. The Group does not have the right to use these deposits for the purpose of funding its activities.
Restricted cash represents balances on correspondent accounts with foreign banks placed by the Group on behalf of its customers. The Group does not have the right to use these funds for the purpose of funding its own activities.
Analysis by credit quality of due from other banks outstanding at 31 December 2022 is as follows:
Mandatory cash balances with Placements with other banks Restricted cash Total
CBU with original maturities of
more than three months
---------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ---------------- ----------
- Central Bank
of Uzbekistan 192,572 - - 192,572
- Rated A- to A+ - 1,566 - 1,566
- Rated BBB+ - - 25,597 25,597
- Rated BB- - 1,114,311 - 1,114,311
- Rated B+ - 406,549 - 406,549
- Rated B1 - 43,560 - 43,560
- Rated B3 - 7,500 - 7,500
- Rated B - 48,033 - 48,033
- Rated B- - 3,906 - 3,906
- Unrated - 34,019 - 34,019
Less: Allowance
for expected credit
losses (125) (34,052) (21) (34,198) Total due from other banks 192,447 1,625,392 25,576 1,843,415
As at 31 December 2022 for the purpose of ECL measurement due from other banks balances are included in Stage 1 except for balances with Private Joint Stock Commercial Bank "Hi-Tech Bank" and Private Joint Stock Commercial Bank "Turkiston" which are included in Stage 3. Due from other banks balances with those banks classified as "Unrated" as at 31 December 2022. Refer to Note 31 for the ECL movement.
Analysis by credit quality of due from other banks outstanding at 31 December 2021 is as follows:
Mandatory cash balances Placements with other Restricted cash Total
with CBU banks with original
maturities of more than
three months
---------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------
- Central Bank of
Uzbekistan 184,209 - - 184,209
- Rated A- to A+ - - - -
- Rated BBB+ - - 117,257 117,257
- Rated Ba2 - - - -
- Rated BB- - 1,119,053 - 1,119,053
- Rated B+ - - - -
- Rated B1 - 101,141 - 101,141
- Rated B2 - 2,641 - 2,641
- Rated B3 - 2,662 - 2,662
- Rated B - 418,386 - 418,386
- Rated B- - 36,419 - 36,419
- Rated C - 8,351 1,631 9,982
Less: Allowance for
expected credit losses - (35,406) (41) (35,447)
---------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------
Total due from other banks 184,209 1,653,247 118,847 1,956,303
---------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------- ------------
As at 31 December 2021, for the purpose of ECL measurement due from banks balances are included in Stage 1. Refer to Note 31 for the ECL movement
The credit rating is based on the rating agency Moody's (if available) or the rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Fitch, which are converted to the nearest equivalent value on the Moody's rating scale.
Refer to Note 35 for the disclosure of the fair value of due from banks and interest rate analysis is disclosed in Note 37. Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
9. LOANS AND ADVANCES TO CUSTOMERS
The Bank uses the following classification of loans:
-- Loans to state and municipal organisations - loans issued to clients wholly owned by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and budget organisations;
-- Corporate loans - loans issued to clients other than government entities and private entrepreneurs;
-- Loans to individuals - loans issued to individuals for consumption purposes, for the purchase of residential houses and flats and loans issued to private entrepreneurs without forming legal entity.
Loans and advances to customers comprise:
31 December 2022 31 December 2021
---------------------------------------------- ----------------- -----------------
Corporate loans 31,362,398 25,902,022
State and municipal organisations 14,368,999 14,278,451
Loans to individuals 5,566,991 4,349,321
Total loans and advances to customers, gross 51,298,388 44,529,794
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (2,877,899) (1,992,743)
Total loans and advances to customers 48,420,489 42,537,051
As at 31 December 2022, the Group granted loans to 15 (31 December 2021: 13) borrowers in the amount of UZS 17,320,728 million (31 December 2021: UZS 15,615,941 million), which individually exceeded 10% of the Group's equity.
As at 31 December 2022, finance lease receivables include three lease agreements for the total amount of UZS 353,622 million (31 December 2021: UZS 527,297 million) with one-year grace period for repayment of principal amounts. The finance lease receivables were presented under the Corporate Loans classification for the purpose of disclosure.
The table below represents loans and advances to customer's classification by stages:
31 December 2022 31 December 2021
---------------------------------------------- ----------------- -----------------
Originated loans to customers 51,117,332 44,273,101
Overdrafts 181,056 256,693
Total loans and advances to customers, gross 51,298,388 44,529,794
Stage 1 39,971,908 32,680,532
Stage 2 7,542,437 9,071,322
Stage 3 3,784,043 2,777,940
Total loans and advances to customers, gross 51,298,388 44,529,794
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (2,877,899) (1,992,743)
Total loans and advances to customers 48,420,489 42,537,051
The following tables discloses the changes in the credit loss allowance and gross carrying amount for loans and advances to corporate customers between the beginning and the end of the reporting period:
Credit Loss Allowance Gross Carrying Amount
------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Stage Stage Stage 1 Stage Stage
Stage 1 2 3 2 3
State and municipal Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
organisations 12-month ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
As at 1 January 2022 111,428 - 5,037 116,465 14,246,280 - 32,171 14,278,451
Movements with impact
on credit loss
allowance
charge for the period:
Changes in the gross
carrying
amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (13,250) 13,250 - - (1,843,922) 1,843,922 - -
- Transfer from stage 2 - - - - - - - -
- Transfer from stage 3 - - - - - - - -
- Changes in EAD and
risk
parameters * (362,789) 259,008 7,372 (96,409) (11,784,984) (148,981) (2,562) (11,936,527)
New assets issued or
acquired 392,033 - - 392,033 14,368,999 - - 14,368,999
Matured or derecognized
assets (except for
write
off) (25,878) - (3,018) (28,896) (2,641,140) - (17,145) (2,658,285)
Total movements with
impact
on credit loss
allowance
charge for the period (9,884) 272,258 4,354 266,728 (1,901,047) 1,694,941 (19,707) (225,813)
Movements without
impact
on credit loss
allowance
charge for the period:
Recovery of assets
previously
written off - - - - - - - -
Written off assets - - - - - - - -
Foreign exchange
differences 7,325 1,515 - 8,840 270,083 46,278 - 316,361
Loss allowance for ECL
and Gross Carrying as
at
31 December 2022 108,869 273,773 9,391 392,033 12,615,316 1,741,219 12,464 14,368,999
------------- ------------ ----------- ---------------
Credit Loss Allowance Gross Carrying Amount
----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage
1 2 3 1 2 3
12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
Corporate loans ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
As at 1 January 2022 193,862 481,544 1,017,625 1,693,031 14,556,470 8,884,835 2,460,717 25,902,022
Movements with impact on
credit loss allowance
charge
for the period:
Changes in the gross
carrying
amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (28,739) 13,434 15,305 - (2,131,550) 995,508 1,136,042 -
- Transfer from stage 2 185,461 (283,968) 98,507 - 3,460,426 (4,828,537) 1,368,111 -
- Transfer from stage 3 103,450 197,158 (300,608) - 275,721 610,152 (885,873) -
- Changes in EAD and risk
parameters * (1,814,340) (46,402) 1,441,444 (419,298) (20,107,255) 1,928,731 269,946 (17,908,578)
New assets issued or
acquired 1,704,220 - - 1,704,220 30,343,916 - - 30,343,916
Matured or derecognized
assets
(except for write off) (61,493) (96,278) (360,987) (518,758) (4,688,413) (1,997,998) (630,241) (7,316,652)
Total movements with
impact
on credit loss allowance
charge for the period 88,559 (216,056) 893,661 766,164 7,152,845 (3,292,144) 1,257,985 5,118,686
Movements without impact
on credit loss allowance
charge for the period:
Recovery of assets
previously
written off - - 35,235 35,235 - - 35,235 35,235
Written off assets - - (127,371) (127,371) - - (127,371) (127,371)
Foreign exchange
differences 29,946 8,377 20,898 59,221 307,339 80,058 46,429 433,826
Loss allowance for ECL
and
Gross Carrying as at 31
December
2022 312,367 273,865 1,840,048 2,426,280 22,016,654 5,672,749 3,672,995 31,362,398
------------- -------------- ------------ -------------
Credit Loss Allowance Gross Carrying Amount
---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage
1 2 3 1 2 3
12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
Loans to individuals ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
As at 1 January 2022 34,193 10,554 138,500 183,247 3,877,782 186,487 285,052 4,349,321
Movements with impact on
credit loss allowance
charge
for the period:
Changes in the gross
carrying
amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (1,013) 629 384 - (114,848) 71,340 43,508 -
- Transfer from stage 2 6,766 (8,061) 1,295 - 114,386 (137,357) 22,971 -
- Transfer from stage 3 39,595 20,221 (59,816) - 92,739 36,548 (129,287) -
- Changes in EAD and risk
parameters * (105,336) (13,278) 14,856 (103,758) (3,655,048) 453 11,501 (3,643,094)
New assets issued or
acquired 59,584 - - 59,584 5,566,639 - - 5,566,639
Matured or derecognized
assets
(except for write off) (4,777) (1,327) (57,456) (63,560) (541,712) (29,002) (119,234) (689,948)
Total movements with
impact
on credit loss allowance
charge for the period (5,181) (1,816) (100,737) (107,734) 1,462,156 (58,018) (170,541) 1,233,597
Movements without impact
on credit loss allowance
charge for the period:
Recovery of assets
previously
written off - - 48,120 48,120 - - 48,120 48,120
Written off assets - - (64,047) (64,047) - - (64,047) (64,047)
Foreign exchange
differences - - - - - - - -
Loss allowance for ECL and
Gross Carrying as at 31
December
2022 29,012 8,738 21,836 59,586 5,339,938 128,469 98,584 5,566,991
*The line "Changes in EAD and risk parameters" under columns related to Gross Carrying Amount represents changes in the gross carrying amount of loans issued in prior periods which have not been fully repaid during 2022 and transfers of new issued loans between stages.
*The line "Changes in EAD and risk parameters" under columns related to Credit Loss Allowance represents changes in risk parameters (PD, LGD), changes in EAD and adjustment of ECL due to transfer to new stages, as well as transfers of ECL on new loans originated during the reporting period from Stage 1 to other stages. The information on transfers above reflects the migration of loans from their initial stage (or the stage as at the beginning of the reporting date) to the stage they were in as at the reporting date. This information does not reflect the intermediate stage that the loans could be assigned to throughout the reporting period.
The following table discloses the changes in the credit loss allowance and gross carrying amount for loans and advances to corporate customers between the 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021:
Column1 Credit Loss Allowance Column5 Gross Carrying Amount
---------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
State and municipal 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
organisations ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
------------
As at 1 January 2021 57,409 61,835 9,713 128,957 7,866,977 6,658,143 37,412 14,562,532
Movements with impact on
credit loss allowance
charge for the period:
Changes in the gross
carrying amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (19) - 19 - (25,941) - 25,941 -
- Transfer from stage 2 51,435 (51,435) - - 5,327,666 (5,327,666) - -
- Transfer from stage 3 1,309 - (1,309) - 1,674 - (1,674) -
- Changes in EAD and risk
parameters * (22,458) (1,260) 4,413 (19,305) (1,104,933) (73,172) (14,545) (1,192,650)
New assets issued or
acquired 27,164 - - 27,164 3,258,046 - - 3,258,046
Matured or derecognized
assets (except for write
off) (4,990) (10,400) (7,799) (23,189) (1,307,340) (1,330,477) (34,563) (2,672,380)
Total movements with
impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the
period 52,441 (63,095) (4,676) (15,330) 6,149,172 (6,731,315) (24,841) (606,984)
Movements without impact
on credit loss allowance
charge for the period:
Recovery of assets
previously written off - - - - - - - -
Written off assets - - - - - - - -
Foreign exchange
differences 1,578 1,260 - 2,838 230,131 73,172 19,600 322,903
Loss allowance for ECL and
Gross Carrying as at 31
December 2021 111,428 - 5,037 116,465 14,246,280 - 32,171 14,278,451
Column1 Credit Loss Allowance Column5 Gross Carrying Amount
-------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Corporate loans 12-month ECL Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
As at 1 January 2021 113,170 134,583 1,302,461 1,550,214 14,751,901 4,950,505 2,235,765 21,938,171
Movements with impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period:
Changes in the gross carrying amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (29,292) 20,152 9,140 - (3,863,755) 2,686,846 1,176,909 -
- Transfer from stage 2 31,101 (59,515) 28,414 - 934,919 (1,699,391) 764,472 -
- Transfer from stage 3 75,976 761,008 (836,984) - 112,400 1,230,420 (1,342,820) -
- Changes in EAD and risk parameters* (252,694) (377,789) 1,082,857 452,374 (4,168,431) 2,608,458 538,287 (1,021,686)
New assets issued or acquired 273,146 - - 273,146 9,933,457 - - 9,933,457
Matured or derecognized assets (except for
write off) (21,367) (11,064) (263,708) (296,139) (3,218,934) (915,822) (577,873) (4,712,629)
Total movements with impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period 76,870 332,792 19,719 429,381 (270,344) 3,910,511 558,975 4,199,142
Movements without impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period:
Recovery of assets previously written off - - 5,707 5,707 - - 5,707 5,707
Written off assets - - (346,110) (346,110) - - (346,110) (346,110)
Foreign exchange differences 3,822 14,169 35,848 53,839 74,913 23,819 6,380 105,112
Loss allowance for ECL and Gross Carrying as
at 31 December 2021 193,862 481,544 1,017,625 1,693,031 14,556,470 8,884,835 2,460,717 25,902,022
Column1 Credit Loss Allowance Column5 Gross Carrying Amount
-------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Loans to individuals 12-month ECL Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL 12-month ECL Lifetime Lifetime TOTAL
ECL ECL ECL ECL
As at 1 January 2021 21,179 19,047 183,318 223,544 3,582,749 361,561 417,660 4,361,970
Movements with impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period:
Changes in the gross carrying amount
- Transfer from stage 1 (1,278) 616 662 - (215,002) 103,543 111,459 -
- Transfer from stage 2 11,377 (15,290) 3,913 - 217,446 (285,998) 68,552 -
- Transfer from stage 3 53,719 19,413 (73,132) - 124,708 45,260 (169,968) -
- Changes in EAD and risk parameters* (70,210) (12,026) 138,413 56,177 (374,211) (8,641) 58,303 (324,549)
New assets issued or acquired 23,930 - - 23,930 1,303,052 - - 1,303,052
Matured or derecognized assets (except for
write off) (4,524) (1,206) (67,491) (73,221) (760,960) (29,238) (153,771) (943,969)
Total movements with impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period 13,014 (8,493) 2,365 6,886 295,033 (175,074) (85,425) 34,534
Movements without impact on credit loss
allowance charge for the period:
Recovery of assets previously written off - - 1,270 1,270 - - 1,270 1,270
Written off assets - - (48,453) (48,453) - - (48,453) (48,453)
Foreign exchange differences - - - - - - - -
Loss allowance for ECL and Gross Carrying as
at 31 December 2021 34,193 10,554 138,500 183,247 3,877,782 186,487 285,052 4,349,321
Economic sector risk concentrations within the loans and advances to customer are as follows:
Column1 31 December 2022 Column2 31 December 2021 Column3
----------------- -------- ----------------- --------
Amount % Amount %
------------------------------ ----------------- -------- ----------------- --------
Manufacturing 18,207,559 36% 15,849,755 30%
Oil and gas & chemicals 10,885,326 21% 10,704,331 25%
Individuals 5,566,991 11% 4,349,321 11%
Trade and Services 5,554,150 11% 4,441,329 11%
Agriculture 3,460,679 7% 3,745,481 9%
Energy 3,114,928 6% 2,176,801 8%
Transport and communication 2,883,334 6% 2,367,542 5%
Construction 1,625,421 2% 895,234 1%
Total loans and advances
to customers, gross 51,298,388 100% 44,529,794 100%
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (2,877,899) (1,992,743)
Total loans and advances
to customers 48,420,489 42,537,051
------------------------------ ----------------- -------- ----------------- --------
As at 31 December 2022, the Group granted loans to 13 (31 December 2021: 13) borrowers in the amount of UZS 15,844,779 million (31 December 2021: UZS 15,615,941 million), which individually exceeded 10% of the Group's equity.
Information about loans and advances to individuals as at 31 December 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 ------------------------------ ------------------- ------------------ Mortgage 3,685,578 3,314,059 Car Loan 982,316 448,949 Microloan 744,719 464,727 Consumer Loans 73,449 110,161 Other 80,929 11,425 Total loans and advances to individuals, gross 5,566,991 4,349,321 Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (59,586) (183,247) Total loans and advances to individuals 5,507,405 4,166,074
Information about collateral as at 31 December 2022 are as follows:
State and Corporate Loans 31 December
municipal loans to 2022
31 December 2022 organisations individuals
-------------------------------------- --------------- ------------ ------------- ------------
Loans with other credit enhancement:
Letter of surety 2,458,999 12,094,239 1,351,316 15,904,554
State guarantee 6,840,288 - - 6,840,288
Loans collateralised by:
Real estate 134,311 8,750,980 3,227,074 12,112,365
Equipment 700,259 5,169,125 1,049 5,870,433
Inventory and receivables 2,662,393 1,558,028 - 4,220,421
Insurance policy 9,271 3,254,185 632,134 3,895,590
Cash deposits 1,092,147 454 - 1,092,601
Vehicles 49,579 387,457 173,130 610,166
Equity securities 136,818 147,925 - 284,743
Not collateralised 284,934 5 182,288 467,227
Total loans and advances
to customers, gross 14,368,999 31,362,398 5,566,991 51,298,388
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (392,033) (2,426,280) (59,586) (2,877,899)
Total loans and advances
to customers 13,976,966 28,936,118 5,507,405 48,420,489
-------------------------------------- --------------- ------------ ------------- ------------
Information about collateral as at 31 December 2021 are as follows:
31 December 2021 State and Corporate Loans to 31 December
municipal loans individuals 2021
organisations
---------------------------------------------- --------------- ------------ ------------- ------------
Loans with other credit enhancement:
Letter of surety 2,504,049 8,983,059 599,578 12,086,687
State guarantee 7,314,269 - - 7,314,269
Loans collateralised by
Real estate 136,130 7,334,729 2,844,909 10,315,768
Equipment 679,990 4,459,284 - 5,139,274
Inventory and receivables 2,213,930 1,657,871 181,651 4,053,451
Insurance policy 11,817 3,040,375 263,635 3,315,826
Cash deposits 993,410 22,440 3,246 1,019,096
Vehicles 88,134 404,264 135,967 628,365
Equity securities 150,973 - - 150,973
Not collateralised 185,749 - 320,336 506,085
Total loans and advances to customers, gross 14,278,451 25,902,022 4,349,321 44,529,794
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (116,465) (1,693,031) (183,247) (1,992,743)
Total loans and advances to customers 14,161,986 24,208,991 4,166,074 42,537,051
Analysis by credit quality of loans to State and municipal organisations, Corporate and Individual customers that are collectively and individually assessed for impairment as at 31 December 2022 are as follows :
31 December 2022 State and Corporate Loans Total
municipal loans to individuals
organisations
-------------------------------- --------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------
Loans assessed for impairment
on a collective basis (gross)
Not past due loans 14,280,484 27,311,705 5,241,219 46,833,408
Past due loans - - -
- less than 30 days overdue 20,850 557,948 167,139 745,937
- 31 to 90 days overdue 67,665 728,294 69,456 865,415
- 91 to 180 days overdue - 353,762 52,258 406,020
- 181 to 360 days overdue - 652,342 36,394 688,736
- over 360 days overdue - 38,160 525 38,685
Total loans assessed for
impairment on a collective
basis, gross 14,368,999 29,642,211 5,566,991 49,578,201
Loans individually determined
to be impaired (gross):
Restructured loans - 1,720,187 - 1,720,187
Not past due loans - 176,655 - 176,655
Past due loans - - - -
1-30 days - - - -
31-90 days - - - -
91-180 days - 1,095,776 - 1,095,776
181-360 days - 447,756 - 447,756
Total loans individually
determined to be impaired,
gross - 1,720,187 - 1,720,187
- Impairment provisions for
individually impaired loans - (964,455) - (964,455)
- Impairment provisions
assessed on a collective
basis (392,033) (1,461,825) (59,586) (1,913,444)
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (392,033) (2,426,280) (59,586) (2,877,899)
Total loans and advances
to customers 13,976,966 28,936,118 5,507,405 48,420,489
-------------------------------- --------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------
Analysis by credit quality of loans to State and municipal organisations, Corporate and Individual customers that are collectively and individually assessed for impairment as at 31 December 2021 are as follows:
31 December 2021 State and municipal Corporate loans Loans to individuals Total
organisations
------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------- --------------------- ------------
Loans assessed for impairment
on a collective basis (gross)
Not past due loans 14,246,999 23,156,242 3,840,673 41,243,914
Past due loans
- less than 30 days overdue 27,616 949,697 185,401 1,162,714
- 31 to 90 days overdue 2,471 539,388 87,801 629,660
- 91 to 180 days overdue - 271,438 72,755 344,193
- 181 to 360 days overdue 1,365 376,143 128,524 506,032
- over 360 days overdue - 40,486 34,167 74,653
Total loans assessed for
impairment on a collective
basis, gross 14,278,451 25,333,394 4,349,321 43,961,166
Loans individually determined
to be impaired (gross):
Restructured loans - 568,628 - 568,628
Not past due loans - 422,936 - 422,936
Past due loans
1-30 days - - - -
31-90 days - 72,759 - 72,759
91-180 days - 72,933 - 72,933
181-360 days - - - -
Total loans individually determined to be impaired, gross - 568,628 - 568,628 - Impairment provisions for individually impaired loans - (182,745) - (182,745) - Impairment provisions assessed on a collective basis (116,465) (1,510,286) (183,247) (1,809,998) Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (116,465) (1,693,031) (183,247) (1,992,743) Total loans and advances to customers 14,161,986 24,208,991 4,166,074 42,537,051 ------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------- --------------------- ------------
The credit quality of loans to customers carried at amortized cost is as follows at 31 December 2022:
Stage 1 Stage Stage Total
2 3
------------
(12-months (lifetime (lifetime
ECL) ECL for ECL for
SICR) credit
31 December 2022 im-paired)
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ------------
Corporate loans
Standard 22,016,653 4,294,785 222,219 26,533,657
Substandard - 1,377,965 818,208 2,196,173
Unsatisfactory - - 464,900 464,900
Doubtful - - 969,171 969,171
Loss - - 1,198,497 1,198,497
Gross carrying amount 22,016,653 5,672,750 3,672,995 31,362,398
Credit loss allowance (312,366) (273,866) (1,840,048) (2,426,280)
Carrying amount 21,704,287 5,398,884 1,832,947 28,936,118
State and municipal organisations
Standard 12,615,317 1,369,382 - 13,984,699
Substandard - 371,837 12,463 384,300
Unsatisfactory - - - -
Doubtful - - - -
Loss - - - -
Gross carrying amount 12,615,317 1,741,219 12,463 14,368,999
Credit loss allowance (108,870) (273,773) (9,390) (392,033)
Carrying amount 12,506,447 1,467,446 3,073 13,976,966
Loans to individuals
Standard 5,339,939 68,124 16,071 5,424,134
Substandard - 60,345 29,409 89,754
Unsatisfactory - - 25,563 25,563
Doubtful - - 19,748 19,748
Loss - - 7,792 7,792
Gross carrying amount 5,339,939 128,469 98,583 5,566,991
Credit loss allowance (29,013) (8,738) (21,835) (59,586)
Carrying amount 5,310,926 119,731 76,748 5,507,405
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ------------
The credit quality of loans to customers carried at amortized cost is as follows at 31 December 2021:
Stage Stage Stage Total
1 2 3
------------
(12-months (lifetime (lifetime
ECL) ECL for ECL for
SICR) credit
31 December 2021 impaired)
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Corporate loans
14 556
Standard 470 6 984 900 138 149 21 679 519
Substandard - 1 899 935 741 772 2 641 707
Unsatisfactory - - 890 792 890 792
Doubtful - - 187 119 187 119
Loss - - 502 886 502 886
14 556 8 884 2 460
Gross carrying amount 470 835 718 25 902 022
(1 017
Credit loss allowance (193 862) (481 544) 625) (1 693 031)
14 362 8 403 1 443
Carrying amount 608 291 093 24 208 991
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
State and municipal organisations
14 246
Standard 280 - 4 414 14 250 694
Substandard - - - -
Unsatisfactory - - 22 256 22 256
Doubtful - - 4 136 4 136
Loss - - 1 365 1 365
14 246
Gross carrying amount 280 - 32 171 14 278 451
Credit loss allowance (111 428) - (5 037) (116 465)
14 134
Carrying amount 852 - 27 134 14 161 986
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
Loans to individuals
Standard 3 877 782 106 616 49 809 4 034 207
Substandard - 79 871 55 966 135 837
Unsatisfactory - - 40 105 40 105
Doubtful - - 34 015 34 015
Loss - - 105 158 105 158
3 877
Gross carrying amount 782 186 487 285 053 4 349 321
Credit loss allowance (34 193) (10 554) (138 500) (183 247)
3 843
Carrying amount 589 175 933 146 553 4 166 074
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ------------
The extent to which collateral and other credit enhancements mitigate credit risk for financial assets carried at amortised cost that are credit impaired, is presented by disclosing collateral values separately for (i) those assets where collateral and other credit enhancements are equal to or exceed carrying value of the asset ("over-collateralised assets") and (ii) those assets where collateral and other credit enhancements are less than the carrying value of the asset ("under-collateralised assets").
The effect of collateral on credit impaired assets at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 are as follows.
Over-collateralised Under-collateralised
---------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
Carrying Value of Value of Collateral Carrying Value of Value of Collateral
the Assets the Assets
------------------------------- ------------------ -------------------- ------------------- --------------------
Credit Impaired Assets
Loans to Corporate and State
Companies carried at AC
Trade and services 251,869 775,301 400,798 2,316
Agriculture 170,326 571,935 275,837 3,056
Manufacturing 757,899 1,787,140 413,792 2,855
Construction 79,906 193,305 136,579 14,393
Transport and communication 37,049 82,936 49,562 -
Oil and gas & Chemicals 8,193 36,424 1,103,649 -
Loans to Individuals carried
at AC
Mortgage 64,479 96,001 22,584 4,548
Car Loan - - 3,665 -
Microloan - - 4,137 -
Consumer Loans 428 1,044 2,171 -
Other - - 998 -
Student Loan 50 329 72 -
Total 1,370,199 3,544,415 2,413,844 27,168
31 December 2021
Under-collateralised
-------------------------------------
Carrying Value Value of Collateral
of the Assets
------------------------------ --------------- --------------------
Credit Impaired Assets
Loans to Corporate and State
Companies carried at AC
Manufacturing 1 180 611 625 964
Agriculture 472 300 210 571
Trade 278 063 187 710
Services 229 670 81 102
Oil and gas & Chemicals 142 065 120 948
Construction 129 769 68 944
Transport and communication 60 411 44 826
Loans to Individuals carried
at AC
Mortgage 212 408 165 451
Microloan 28 729 2
Consumer Loans 26 616 2 917
Car Loan 16 346 6 768
Other 953 348
Total 2,777,941 1,515,551
------------------------------ --------------- --------------------
The components of net investment in finance lease as at 31 December 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Not later than one year 111,869 165,948
From one year to five years 267,085 351,752
Minimum lease payments 378,954 517,700
Less: unearned finance income (40,019) (67,402)
338,935 450,298
Less: Allowance for expected credit
losses (5,769) (8,002)
Net investment in finance lease 333,166 442,296
Current portion 87,809 125,532
Long-term portion 245,357 316,764
Net investment in finance lease 333,166 442,296
As at 31 December 2022, finance lease receivables include three lease agreements for the total amount of UZS 353,622 million (31 December 2021: UZS 527,297 million) with one-year grace period for repayment of principal amounts.
Refer to Note 35 for the disclosure of the fair value of loans and advances to customers. Interest rate analysis of loans
and advances to customers is disclosed in Note 37. Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
10. INVESTMENT SECURITIES MEASURED AT AMORTISED COST
Currency Annual coupon/ EIR % Maturity date 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
interest rate % month/year
------------------- ---------- ------------------ -------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Jan 2023 - Jul
Government Bonds USD/UZS 5 - 18 8 - 19 2032 2,069,871 289,361
Jan 2023 - Feb
CBU Bonds UZS 16 - 17 17 - 18 2023 610,315 771,384
June 2023 - July
Corporate bonds UZS 20 - 22 20 - 23 2026 8,435 8,400
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (10,050) (1,633)
Total investment securities
measured at amortised cost 2,678,571 1,067,512
At 31 December 2022, the Group holds government bonds of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the quantity of 2,015,770 (31 December 2021: 288,970) with nominal value of UZS 1,000,000 and in the quantity of 50 with nominal value of USD 200,000 and coupon rate of 5-18 % p.a. (31 December 2021: 14-16% p.a.).
At 31 December 2022, the Group holds bonds of the CBU in the amount of UZS 610,315 million at 16% p.a. coupon rate.
At 31 December 2022, the Group holds 1 156 Corporate bonds of Uzmetkombinat with nominal value of UZS 5,000,000 maturity date June 2023 and annual coupon rate 22,03% .
At 31 December 2022, the subsidiary PSB Insurance LLC holds corporate bonds of JSCB "Asia Alliance Bank" in quantity 2,500 with nominal value of UZS 1,000,000 and coupon rate of CBU refinancing rate (14%) + 4% p.a. The maturity date of the bonds is July 2026.
CBU Government Corporate Total
31 December 2022 Bonds Bonds Bonds
------------------------------ -------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Neither past due nor
impaired
- Rated BB- 610,315 2,069,871 - 2,680,186
- Rated B2 - - 2,610 2,610
- Unrated - - 5,825 5,825
Less: Allowance for expected
credit losses (570) (9,394) (86) (10,050)
Total investment securities
measured at amortised
cost 609,745 2,060,477 8,349 2,678,571
CBU Government Corporate Bonds Total
31 December 2021 Bonds Bonds
-------------------------------------------------------- -------- ----------- ---------------- ----------
Neither past due nor impaired
- Rated BB- 289,361 771,384 5,789 1,066,534
- Rated B2 - - 2,611 2,611
- Unrated - - - -
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses (1,071) (453) (109) (1,633)
Total investment securities measured at amortised cost 288,290 770,931 8,291 1,067,512
The credit rating is based on the rating agency Moody's (if available) or the rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Fitch, which are converted to the nearest equivalent value on the Moody's rating scale.
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, for the purpose of ECL measurement investment in debt securities measured at amortised cost balances are included in Stage 1. There were no transitions between stages in 2022. Refer to Note 31 for the ECL measurement approach.
Refer to Note 35 for the disclosure of the fair value of investment securities measured at amortised cost. Interest rate analysis of investment securities measured at amortised cost is disclosed in Note 37. Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
11. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Column1 Ownership 31 December 31 December
2022 2021
---------------------------------------- ---------- ------------ ------------
Visa Inc. 0,0% 13,460 13,613
JSC "Mortgage Refinancing Company
of Uzbekistan" 8,0% 8,788 8,000
JSC "Republican Currency Exchange" 11,1% 7,375 6,109
JSC "O'zbekiston pochtasi" 4,4% 5,648 7,500
JSC "Qurilishmashlizing" 6,5% 4,493 5,842
LLC "Credit Information Analytical
Center" 3,2% 2,120 1,695
Other 3,0% 123 265
LLC "Yagona Umumrespublika Protsessing
Markazi" 0,0% - 2,530
LLC "Credit information Service
CRIF" 0,0% - 2,081
JSC "Tashkent" Stock Exchange 0,0% - 501
Total financial assets at FVTOCI 42,007 48,136
Financial assets at FVTOCI as at December 2022, other than Visa Inc., include equity securities registered in Uzbekistan and not actively traded. The Group elects at initial recognition to irrevocably designate the above disclosed equity investments at FVTOCI which is in line with the Group accounting policy.
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, Visa Inc. is measured using level 1 hierarchy and investment securities other than Visa Inc. are measured using level 3 hierarchy of fair value measurement.
Starting from 1 January 2018, the fair value of the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income was determined as the present value of future dividends by assuming dividend growth rate of zero per annum. The management built its expectation based on previous experience of dividends received on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income over multiple years, and accordingly calculated the value using the average rate of return on investments. The Management believes that this approach accurately reflects the fair value of these securities. A significant unobservable input used in determining the fair value of financial assets at FVTOCI is WACC. The higher the EACC the lower the fair Value of the financial assets at FVTOCI.
Investments to which the dividends valuation approach is not appliable, i.e. dividends were not paid during the period, management may use the Assets based valuation approach focused on the investment company's net assets value (NAV), or fair market value of its total assets minus its total liabilities, to determine what would cost to recreate the business. The Management believes that such approach accurately reflects the fair value of these securities
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, none of the financial assets at FVTOCI were pledged.
The table below represents the movement of financial instruments at FVTOCI for the year ended 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021:
Column1 31 December Additions Disposal FV Adjustments 31 December
2021 2022
Financial assets
at FVTOCI 48,136 1,077 (7,654) 448 42,007
------------------ ------------ ---------- --------- --------------- ------------
Column1 31 December 2020 Additions Disposal FV Adjustments 31 December 2021
Financial assets at FVTOCI 38,024 7,593 (341) 2,860 48,136
---------------------------- ----------------- ---------- --------- --------------- -----------------
12. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES
Principal 31 December 31 December
Name activity 2022 2021
--------------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------ ------- ------------ ---------
LLC "Khorezm
Invest Project" Asset management Uzbekistan 34% 35,534 34% 29,726
"Kattaqurgon
Business Services"
LLC Asset management Uzbekistan 33% 300 0% -
Total investment
in associates 35,834 29,726
31 December 2022 LLC "Khorezm
Invest Project" "Kattaqurgon Business Services" LLC Total associates
------------------------------------------ ----------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------
Current assets 13,341 4,908 18,249
Non-current assets 91,544 238 91,782
Current liabilities (371) (4,246) (4,617)
- -
------------------------------------------ ----------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------
- - -
Revenue 11,190 - 11,190
Net (loss)/ profit for the year 2,151 (89) 2,062
- -
------------------------------------------ ----------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------
- -
Total comprehensive (loss)/ income for
the year 2,151 (89) 2,062
Net assets of the associate 104,513 900 105,413
Proportion of the Group's ownership
interest 34% 33%
Carrying amount of the Group's Interest
in Associate 35,534 300 35,834
31 December 2021 LLC "Khorezm Invest Project"
------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------
Current assets 34,635
Non-current assets 53,041
Current liabilities (244)
-
------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------
-
Revenue (3,961)
Net (loss)/ profit for the year 2,140
-
------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------
-
Total comprehensive (loss)/ income for the year 2,140
Net assets of the associate 87,431
Proportion of the Group's ownership interest 34%
Carrying amount of the Group's Interest in Associate 29,726
13. PREMISES, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Column1 Buildings Office Construction Total Intangible Total
and Premises and computer in progress premises assets
equipment and equipment
---------------------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- --------------- ----------- ----------
Carrying amount
as at 31 December
2020 200,008 254,211 265,766 719,985 27,247 747,232
Additions - 115,163 462,375 577,538 28,458 605,996
Disposals (net
of depreciation) (29) (1,555) (2,023) (3,607) (598) (4,205)
Transfers 84,334 (64,914) (30,719) (11,299) 11,299 -
Depreciation/amortization
charge (9,915) (61,343) - (71,258) (1,402) (72,660)
Carrying amount
as at 31 December
2021 274,398 241,562 695,399 1,211,359 65,004 1,276,363
Cost as at
31 December 2021 327,798 442,618 695,399 1,465,815 76,284 1,542,099
Accumulated
depreciation
/ amortization (53,400) (201,056) - (254,456) (11,280) (265,736)
Carrying amount
as at 31 December
2021 274,398 241,562 695,399 1,211,359 65,004 1,276,363
Additions 14,853 41,409 853,696 909,958 15,560 925,518
Capitalised borrowing
costs - - 38,340 38,340 - 38,340
Disposals (net
of depreciation) (1,306) (4,152) (61,328) (66,786) (780) (67,566)
Transfers 3,998 1,608 (6,081) (475) 475 -
Depreciation/amortization
charge (11,376) (73,964) - (85,340) (4,811) (90,151)
Carrying amount
as at 31 December
2022 280,567 206,463 1,520,026 2,007,056 75,448 2,082,504
Cost as at
31 December 2022 345,343 481,483 1,520,026 2,346,852 91,539 2,438,391
Accumulated
depreciation/amortisation (64,776) (275,020) - (339,796) (16,091) (355,887)
Carrying amount
as at 31 December
2022 280,567 206,463 1,520,026 2,007,056 75,448 2,082,504
The increase in PPE was mainly driven by increase in construction in progress. In 2019, the Group has arranged a contract with construction company Shanghai Construction Group Co. Ltd on design and construction of the Headquarters for Group in the amount of USD 136.5 million. As at 31 December 2022, in accordance with the contract, the Group invested USD 126.391 million (equivalent to UZS 1,549,652 million) of which UZS 1,354,601 million was recorded in construction in progress.
In 2022, the Group has recognized the borrowing cost related to the commission and interest fee on loan borrowed from Credit Suisse for Tashkent city office construction funding in the amount of UZS 38,340 million (2021; UZS 5,165 million).
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, premises and equipment of the Group were not pledged.
14. OTHER ASSETS
31 December 2022 31 December 2021
------------------------------------- ----------------- -----------------
Other financial assets
Commission income receivable 18,186 9,386
Security deposit on money transfer
systems 5,403 10,017
Other receivables 1,612 1,057
Less: Allowance for expected credit
losses (453) (211)
Total other financial assets 24,748 20,249
Other non-financial assets
Prepayment for construction of
building 126,664 171,256
Prepaid expenses and advances 82,532 95,299
Tax settlements, other than income
tax 13,221 4,116
Prepayments for equipment and
property 19,506 7,305
Inventory 11,130 7,108
Repossessed collateral 617 770
Other 948 4,601
- -
------------------------------------- ----------------- -----------------
- -
Less: Provision for impairment - -
Total other non-financial assets 254,618 290,455
Total other assets 279,366 310,704
As at 31 December 2022, the prepayment for construction of building comprises prepayment to Shanghai Construction company in the amount of UZS 35,255 million (equivalent USD 3.701 million) (31 December 2021: UZS 107,131 million (equivalent USD 9.88 million) for construction of Head office in Tashkent city in accordance with the Decree of Cabinet of Ministers #961 dated 27 November 2018. The construction works have started on 20 June 2019 and the completion of the project has been extended until the end of 2023.
15. NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 --------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- Repossessed assets: - Buildings held for sale 177,688 48,602 - Equipment held for sale 45,657 - Total repossessed assets 223,345 48,602 Total non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale 223,345 48,602
As of 31 December 2022, buildings held for sale include the repossessed property of nine clients on the amount of UZS 178,234 million (two clients repossessed property on the amount of UZS 44,247 million in 2021). In December 2022 and 2021, the Group's management approved and initiated active customer search programs within one year. The assets received were measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. As of 31 December 2022, an impairment of reacquired assets classified as held for sale was recognized in the amount of UZS 50,010 million (31 December 2021: UZS 9,868 million).
16. DUE TO OTHER BANKS
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 20212 ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------ Short term placements of other banks 1,750,362 613,405 Long term placements of other banks 1,617,476 492,583 Correspondent accounts and overnight placements of other banks 527,881 286,989 Total due to other banks 3,895,719 1,392,977
Term deposits of other banks increased due to attracting 200 mln. USD (2,172,050 million equivalent UZS) deposit from Gazprombank Russia.
Refer to Note 35 for the disclosure of the fair value of due to other banks. Interest rate analysis of due to other banks is disclosed in Note 37. Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
17. CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 -------------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- State and public organisations - Current/settlement accounts 3,844,463 4,148,013 - Term deposits 3,614,656 3,019,115 Other legal entities - Current/settlement accounts 2,814,593 2,378,852 - Term deposits 823,735 711,774 Individuals - Current/demand accounts 1,305,546 949,191 - Term deposits 2,925,826 2,354,595 Total customer accounts 15,328,819 13,561,540
Economic sector concentrations within customer accounts are as follows:
31 December 2022 31 December
2021
----------------- ----- ------------ -----
Amount % Amount %
------------------------- ----------------- ----- ------------ -----
Individuals 4,231,372 28% 3,303,786 24%
Public administration 3,503,390 23% 3,120,451 23%
Oil and gas 2,393,554 16% 2,615,793 19%
Manufacturing 2,051,712 13% 1,592,246 12%
Energy 1,097,149 7% 768,794 6%
Trade 976,760 6% 291,532 2%
Finance 314,223 2% 631,942 5%
Services 276,907 2% 336,840 2%
Construction 198,880 1% 299,667 2%
Engineering 93,099 1% 135,083 1%
Transportation 76,367 1% 52,233 1%
Mining 29,234 0% 48,056 0%
Communication 28,527 0% 261,931 2%
Medicine 26,524 0% 17,679 0%
Agriculture 21,842 0% 79,929 1%
Other 9,279 0% 5,578 0%
Total customer accounts 15,328,819 100% 13,561,540 100%
As at 31 December 2022, the Group had two (31 December 2021: two) customers with a total balance
UZS 4,965,415 million UZS (31 December 2021: 4,208,043 million), which individually exceeded 10% of the Group's equity.
Significant change in balances of Individuals is associated with application "Joyda", which allows the Group's clients to place or withdraw their funds online. Such mobile application is getting popular and the Group's number of clients is significantly increasing.
Information on related party balances is disclosed in Note 38.
18. DEBT SECURITIES IN ISSUE
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
Amount Nominal interest, % Maturity, year Amount Nominal interest, % Maturity,
year
-------------- ---------- -------------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
Eurobonds 3,361,256 5.75 2019-2024 3,235,127 5.75 2019-2024
Certificates
of deposit - - - 58,749 14-16 2021-2024
Bonds - - - 23,941 14-16 2020-2022
Total debt
securities
issued 3,361,256 3,317,817
In December 2019, the Group has issued Eurobonds in London Stock Exchange with nominal value of USD 300,000 thousand with a discount of USD 3,198 thousand and five years maturity. Amortized cost of Eurobonds equivalent to UZS 3,361,256 million represent the present value of future cash payments discounted using effective interest rate of 6.193%.
The present value calculation includes all costs directly associated with the issuance and form an integral part of the effective interest rate.
The debt securities issued do not stipulate financial covenants except for Eurobonds, which stipulate the Group is required to comply with certain financial covenants, non-compliance of which may give the lender a right to demand repayment.
As of 31 December 2022, the Group was in compliance with all Eurobond covenants .
19. OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 ------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- International financial institutions China EXIMBANK 4,921,786 5,102,508 CREDIT Suisse 3,521,090 2,912,645 International Bank of Reconstruction and Development 2,099,169 1,430,444 Landesbank Baden--Wuerttemberg 1,716,009 833,390 Commerzbank AG 1,476,741 1,480,096 Cargill Financial Services International Inc 1,213,728 - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1,099,941 1,112,670 Daryo Finance B.V. 965,102 965,082 MFT XXI LLC 903,254 - AK Bars Bank 869,491 291,701 International Finance Corporation 848,223 1,603 ICBC (London) plc 663,986 1,482,801 Asian Development Bank 622,999 631,199 Raiffeisen Bank International AG 614,692 495,013 International Development Association of World Bank 580,063 592,900 China Development Bank 559,158 715,507 Citibank Europe PLC 525,606 - UniCredit 446,184 216,711 Banca Popolare di Sondrio 409,978 - OPEC Fund for International Development 382,293 131,115 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 359,992 347,869 Promsvyazbank PJSC 350,846 1,122,664 European Investment Bank 334,728 - Halyk Savings Bank of Kazakhstan JSC 219,417 74,637 Turk EXIMBANK 157,741 218,224 Citibank N.A. ADGM 114,146 442,321 Baobab Securities Limited 112,088 166,135 JPMorgan Chase 89,495 67,802 Jusan Bank 68,280 - Sberbank Kazakhstan / JSC Bereke bank 62,308 7,183 Korea EXIMBANK 54,837 94,936 Vitabank PJSC 50,907 - AKA Ausfuhrkredit-Gesellschaft mbH 50,721 195,044 ODDO BHF 40,179 28,247 KfW IPEX-Bank 36,973 48,516 Gazprombank 33,249 255,774 The Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China 29,321 35,699 John Deere 17,286 29,389 International Fund for Agricultural Development 1,934 2,138 Russia EXIMBANK - 986,473 VTB BANK EUROPE - 990,079 Credit Bank of Moscow - 472,254 Sberbank Europe AG - 108,598 OJSB Transcapitalbank - 108,402 PJSC Sovcombank - 44,692 European Merchant Bank UAB - 25,066 Financial institutions of Uzbekistan - - Long term borrowings from Ministry of Finance 3,524,840 3,498,702 Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan 1,289,092 1,778,851 Uzbekistan Mortgage Refinancing Company (UzMRC) 416,619 225,058 Export Promotion Agency under MIFT 233,949 174,623 KDB Bank Uzbekistan 103,780 93,197 Young Entrepreneurs Support Fund under MIFT 28,003 7,538 Preference Shares 9,363 10,752 Khokimiyat of Tashkent Region 6,471 5,793 Long term borrowings from CBU - 63,314 Other 5,702 5,421 Total other borrowed funds 32,241,760 30,130,776
On 25 July 2022 the Group has signed EUR 100 mln. Loan agreement with Cargill financial Services International Inc. Under the loan agreement the Group is responsible for the Loan solely to be directed to finance the exportation and/or importation of various commodities and goods, from/to the Republic of Uzbekistan to/from various countries by the Groups' clients. The maturity of Loan agreement is 5 years.
On 27 July 2022 the Group has signed USD 50 mln convertible loan facility with European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The attraction of this loan facility creates additional opportunities to realize the goals set by the Groups' Strategy for the years 2021-2023.
On 22 August 2022, IFC has disbursed USD 75 mln under the convertible loan agreement, signed on 20 September 2021. Loan has maturity of 5 years with bullet repayment of principal and semi-annual interest repayments.
On 8 June 2022 the Group and Mashreqbank PSC has signed an Agreement on attracting the Credit line facility in the amount of USD 15 mln. The facility is to be used to finance the purchase of oil and gas products and spare parts for engine production. The maturity period of the loan is 12 months.
On 6 June 2022 the Group has received the Trade finance from Banca Popolare Di Sondrio in the amount of USD 2.7 mln with the purpose of the Group client's working capital replenishment.
On 11 May 2022 the Group and Citibank Europe PLC has signed Continuing Agreement for reimbursement of Trade advances. In year 2022 the amount of USD 42.6 mln were called by the Group.
As of 31 December 2022 and throughout the year then ended, the Group was in compliance with all covenants on the above loan facilities.
The maturity analysis is disclosed in Note 35 Refer for disclosure of the fair value of other borrowed funds and Note 38 for information on related party balances.
20. OTHER LIABILITIES
31 December 31 December
Column1 2022 2021
--------------------------------------- -------------- --------------
Other financial liabilities
Trade payables 118,611 102,958
Provision for Bank's guarantees
and letters of credit 27,040 43,203
Payable to other creditors 21,998 6,562
Dividends payable 1,886 3,032
Total other financial liabilities 169,535 155,755
Other non-financial liabilities
Taxes payable other than income
tax 64,769 25,408
Payable to employees 2,306 1,070
Unearned income 707 1,366
Other 3,009 13,822
Total other non-financial liabilities 70,791 41,666
Total other liabilities 240,326 197,421
As at 31 December 2022, trade payables comprise payables on amount of UZS 41,653 million (2021:UZS 61,906 million) to Shanghai Construction Group building the Tashkent City office for the Group in accordance to construction contract terms and conditions.
The Group pays income tax on a consolidated basis as a single tax payer at a single rate of 20%. Thus income tax payable and prepayment for income tax are presented on a net basis as at 31 December 2022.
21. SUBORDINATED DEBT
The first Subordinated debt issued by Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan of UZS 100,000 million on 9 April 2021 carries an interest rate of 10,3 % and matures on 15 April 2041.
The second Subordinated debt issued by Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan of USD 20,381 million on 18 August 2021 carries an interest rate of 5,7 % and matures on 16 July 2027. The debt ranks after all other creditors' claims are fully settled in the case of liquidation.
Currency Maturity date Nominal interest rate % Effective 31 December
interest 2022
Column1 rate %
Subordinated debt of
Fund for Reconstruction and Development
of Uzbekistan UZS 2041 10% 10,3% 101,989
USD 2027 5% 5,7% 228,571
Total subordinated debt 330,560
Subordinated debt as at 31 December 2021 presented below:
Column1 Currency Maturity Nominal Effective 31 December
date interest interest 2021
rate % rate %
Subordinated debt
of
Fund for Reconstruction
and Development of 15 April
Uzbekistan UZS 2041 9% 9.22% 101,771
Total subordinated
debt 101,771
Refer to Note 35 for the disclosure of the fair value of subordinated debt and Note 38 for information on related party balances.
22. SHARE CAPITAL
Column1 Number of Ordinary and preference shares Share premium Treasury shares Total
outstanding shares
1 January 2020 243,922 4,640,011 - - 4,640,011
31 December 2021 243,922 4,640,011 - - 4,640,011
31 December 2022 243,922 4,640,011 - - 4,640,011
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the total authorised number of ordinary shares is 243,552 million with a par value of UZS 19 per share. Each share carries one vote. Dividends on preference shares will not be less than dividends on ordinary shares.
The number of ordinary shares issued but not fully paid in 2022 was nil (31 December 2021: nil).
23. RECONCILIATION OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
The table below sets out movement in the Group's liabilities from financing activities for each of periods presented. The items of these liabilities are those that are reported as financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
Column1 Liabilities from financing activities Total In million Other borrowed funds Debt securities issue Due to other banks Subordinated debt Uzbekistan Soums Net debt at 1 January 2021 25,683,457 3,273,048 1,496,004 - 30,452,509 Proceeds from the issue 11,826,214 10,000 411,116 100,000 12,347,330 Redemption (8,391,815) (81,310) (381,937) - (8,855,062) Foreign currency translation 992,957 126,637 22,932 - 1,142,526 Other non-cash movements 19,963 (10,558) (155,138) 1,771 (143,962) Net debt at 31 December 2021 30,130,776 3,317,817 1,392,977 101,771 34,943,341 Proceeds from the issue 11,148,736 - 2,447,336 235,851 13,831,923 Redemption (9,334,820) (82,690) (334,155) - (9,751,665) Foreign currency translation 364,227 117,466 59,113 - 540,806 Other non-cash movements (67,159) 8,663 330,448 (7,062) 264,890 Net debt at 31 December 2022 32,241,760 3,361,256 3,895,719 330,560 39,829,295
24. INTEREST INCOME AND EXPENSE
2022 2021
Interest income calculated using the effective interest method
Interest income on assets recorded at amortised cost comprises:
Interest on loans and advances to customers 4,515,686 3,858,402
Interest on investment securities measured at amortised cost 278,921 142,770
Interest on balances due from other banks 274,786 154,226
Total interest income calculated using the effective interest method 5,069,393 4,155,398
Other similar income
Finance lease receivables 29,198 32,024
Total other similar income 29,198 32,024
Interest expense
Interest expense on liabilities recorded at amortised cost comprises:
Interest on other borrowed funds (1,532,566) (1,219,611)
Interest on customer accounts (787,850) (570,363)
Interest on debt securities in issue (218,324) (201,107)
Interest on balances due to other banks (71,274) (70,794)
Interest on subordinated debt (16,357) (6,030)
Total interest expense (2,626,371) (2,067,905)
Net interest income before provision on loans and advances to customers 2,472,220 2,119,517
The change in interest income on loan and advances to customers is associated with the increase in the Group's loan portfolio during the year 2022.
Significant change in interest income on investment securities measured at amortized cost is associated with the significant investments made by the Group in bonds of Ministry of Finance during the year 2022.
Significant change in interest expense on other borrowed funds is associated with the attraction of additional funds from local and international financial institutions. Significant change in interest expense on balances due to other banks is associated with increased balance payable by the Group to local banks towards borrowings received.
25. FEE AND COMMISSION INCOME AND EXPENSE
Column1 2022 2021
---------- ----------
Fee and commission income
Settlement transactions 286,724 220,904
International money transfers 118,598 56,071
Guarantees issued 30,371 30,058
Letters of credit 5,225 10,368
Foreign currency exchange 2,730 64,946
Other 42 3,727
Total fee and commission income 443,690 386,074
Fee and commission expense
Settlement transactions (58,280) (60,567)
Foreign currency exchange (36,117) (13,217)
Transactions with plastic cards (23,716) (31,877)
Cash collection (4,985) (2,760)
Other (3,315) (2,062)
Total fee and commission expense (126,413) (110,483)
Net fee and commission income 317,277 275,591
26. INSURANCE OPERATIONS INCOME AND EXPENSE
2022 2021
Insurance Re-insurance Total Insurance Re-insurance Total 4
Insurance operations income
Loan insurance 37,172 7,239 44,411 35,305 5,357 40,662
Property insurance 24,624 3,648 28,272 24,135 4,332 28,467
Civil liability insurance 1,389 2,310 3,699 581 1,159 1,740
Obligatory insurance of third party liability of
motor vehicle owners (OMTPL) 1,167 364 1,531 1,214 40 1,254
Accident insurance 168 22 190 781 8 789
Insurance from other financial risks 8,364 257 8,621 7,938 31 7,969
Total insurance operations income 72,884 13,840 86,724 69,954 10,927 80,881
, ,
Insurance operations expense
Loan insurance (20,194) (8,222) (28,416) (15,242) (5,668) (20,910)
Property insurance (7,567) (4,873) (12,440) (8,826) (280) (9,106)
Obligatory insurance of third party liability of
motor vehicle owners (OMTPL) (1,637) - (1,637) (664) (515) (1,179)
Civil liability insurance (764) (297) (1,061) (783) - (783)
Accident insurance (112) - (112) (270) - (270)
Insurance from other financial risks (5,399) - (5,399) (4,083) - (4,083)
, ,
Total insurance operations expense (35,673) (13,392) (49,065) (29,868) (6,463) (36,331)
, ,
, ,
Net insurance operations income 37,211 448 37,659 40,086 4,464 44,550
27. CHANGE IN INSURANCE RESERVES, NET
Insurance reserve Reinsurance reserve Change in insurance reserves, net
31 December 2020 44,887 5,544 (26,103)
Unearned premium reserve 30,759 5,745 (24,742)
Reserves for incurred but not reported
losses 9,168 1,675 (7,493)
31 December 2021 84,814 12,964 (58,338)
Unearned premium reserve 19,566 5,124 (14,443)
Reserves for incurred but not reported
losses 12,968 2,248 (10,721)
31 December 2022 117,348 20,336 (83,502)
28. OTHER OPERATING INCOME
Column1 Column2 2022 2021
------
Fines and penalties 5,681 -
Gain on disposal of inventory 4,386 32,706
Income from rent of POS terminals 385 790
Other 6,030 7,370
Total other operating income 16,482 40,866
The gain on disposal of inventory mainly arises from sale of property by SQB Construction .
29. ADMINISTRATIVE AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES
2022 2021
Staff costs 760,003 607,612
Social security costs 83,726 68,335
Total staff costs 843,729 675,947
Depreciation and amortisation 90,151 72,660
Charity expenses 74,503 56,517
Loss on sale or disposal of held for sale
assets 55,778 210
Taxes other than income tax 55,286 30,029
Security services 53,625 41,210
Membership fees 44,299 26,390
Communication and software maintenance 25,850 11,243
Stationery and other low value items 22,336 28,167
Repair and maintenance of buildings 20,592 11,021
Rent expenses 12,281 9,971
Legal and audit fees 11,885 8,394
Travel expenses 9,986 7,040
Advertising expenses 9,043 9,286
Consultancy fee 8,482 7,785
Utilities expenses 5,612 5,844
Representation and entertainment 4,907 2,617
Fuel 3,688 2,230
Medical, dental and hospitalization 236 1,079
Other operating expenses 13,908 36,506
Total administrative and other operating
expenses 1,366,177 1,044,146
Significant change in staff costs is associated with the overall increase of salary rates as well as due to increase in bonuses and other stimulation payments.
The increase in membership fees is mainly driven by increase in fees payable to the State Fund for Guarantee of Deposits.
The increase in loss on sale or disposal of held for sale assets is due to the recognized loss on fixed assets given free of charge (valued at UZS 48 457 mln) to "State asset management agency" according to resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 75 of February 17, 2022 and Central bank No. 296 of April 4, 2022. These properties consisted of non-residential buildings park in the Jizzakh region and poultry farms that were repossessed from borrowers due to non-payment of loans.
30. INCOME TAXES
Column1 2022 2021 IFRS profit before tax 831,985 1,071,570 Theoretical tax charge at the applicable statutory rate - 20% (2021: 20%) 166,397 214,314 - Non deductible expenses (employee compensation, representation and other non-deductible expenses) 115,077 21,865 - Tax exempt income (58,902) (28,251) - Other (11,139) 6,654 Income tax expense 211,433 214,582 Net income tax benefit relating to loss for the period from discontinued operations - - Net income tax expense relating to the components of other comprehensive income 90 572 Income tax expense through profit or loss and other comprehensive income 211,523 215,154
Reconciliation between the expected and the actual taxation charge is provided below:
Column1 2022 2021 Current income tax expense 204,538 250,804 Deferred tax (benefit)/expense: - Deferred tax (benefit)/expense 7,074 (35,078) - Deferred tax expense relating to the components of other comprehensive income 90 572 Total income tax expense through profit or loss and other comprehensive income 211,523 215,154
"Tax rate differences" comprises of tax effects from reduction of standard income tax rate to encourage the banks to increase the share of long-term loans to customers in the total loan portfolio.
Tax exempt income includes interest income on government bonds and the CBU bonds.
Differences between IFRS and Uzbekistan statutory taxation regulations give rise to certain temporary differences between the carrying amount of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for their tax bases. The tax effect of the movements on these temporary differences is detailed below, and is recorded at the rate of 20% (2021: 20%).
The prepaid income tax increase is due to the excess of the created by Group provision mainly toward the Loans and advances to customers the over the minimum provision requirement by CBU rules.
2022 (Debited)/ credited to Charged to other 31 December 2021
Column1 profit or loss comprehensive income
Tax effect of deductible/(taxable)
temporary differences
Cash and cash equivalents 194 53 - 141
Due from other banks 174,609 174,082 - 527
Loans and advances to customers 199,689 3,327 - 196,362
Financial assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income (3,622) - (90) (3,533)
Property, equipment and intangible assets 6,496 10,979 - (4,483)
Investments in associates and subsidiaries (1,299) 597 - (1,896)
Investment securities measured at
amortised cost 1,244 792 - 452
Other assets 50,291 34,133 - 16,158
Non-current assets held for sale (44,669) (34,948) - (9,721)
Due to other banks (207,482) (207,482) - -
Debt securities in issue (1,642) 559 - (2,201)
Other borrowed funds (12,831) (8,840) - (3,990)
Derivative financial liabilities 23,107 23,107 - -
Other liabilities 12,030 (2,300) - 14,330
Subordinated debt (1,152) (1,131) - (21)
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) 194,962 (7,074) (90) 202,125
Recognised deferred tax asset 467,659 247,627 - 227,969
Recognised deferred tax liability (272,698) (254,702) (90) (25,844)
Net deferred tax asset 194,962 (7,074) (90) 202,125
31. ALLOWANCES FOR IMPAIRMENT LOSSES
The tables below analyse information about the changes in the EAD amount of financial assets excluding loans and advances to customers, commitments and other non-financial assets during 2022 and 2021:
Column1 Other financial Cash and cash Due from other Banks Investment Letters of Credit and Guarantees Column6
assets (Note 14) equivalents (Note (Note 8) securities (Note 33)
Column2 7) Column3 at olumn4
amortised Column5
cost (Note
10)
Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 TOTAL
Lifetime Lifetime 12-month 12-month 12-month Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime Lifetime
ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
Gross amount
as at 1 January
2022 19,964 496 8,197,359 1,958,937 32,813 1,069,145 3,675,699 897,480 155 15,852,048
- Transfer from
stage 1 - - (64,631) 64,631 - - - (2,165) 33 2,132 -
- Transfer from
stage 2 (1) 1 - - - - - - - -
- Transfer from
stage 3 237 (237) - - - - - - - -
- Changes due
to modifications
that
did not result in
derecognition (3,846) - (1,242,983) 17,972 - - - (669,247) - (1,114) (1,899,218)
New assets issued
or acquired 12,952 92 35,791 - 1,464,313 - 2,557,202 2,811,511 254,054 19,617 7,155,532
Matured or
derecognized
assets (except
for write off) (4,200) (257) (72,311) - (1,613,343) - (937,957) (2,026,349) (897,480) (155) (5,552,052)
Foreign exchange
differences - - 184,630 - 33,689 1,204 231 (4,609) - 1 215,146
Gross amount
as at 31 December
2022 25,106 95 7,037,855 82,603 1,843,596 34,017 2,688,621 3,784,840 254,087 20,636 15,771,456
Column1 Other financial Cash and Due from other Investment Letters of Credit and Column6
assets cash Banks (Note 8) securities Guarantees
(Note 14) equivalents Column3 at (Note 33)
Column2 (Note 7) amortised Column4
cost (Note Column5
10)
Stage 2 Stage Stage 1 Stage Stage Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage Stage TOTAL
3 1 3 2 3
Lifetime Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime Lifetime
ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
Gross amount
as at 1
January
2021 15,779 1,838 5,601,347 1,877,621 - 541,911 2,367,521 850,710 - 11,256,727
- Transfer
from
stage 1 - - - (31,731) 31,731 - (42,601) 42,601 -
- Transfer
from
stage 2 (81) 81 - - - - 15,017 (15,017) - -
- Transfer
from
stage 3 806 (806) - - - - - - - -
- Changes due
to
modifications
that
did not
result
in
derecognition (2,790) (6) - - - - (357,043) 148,820 - (211,018)
New assets
issued
or acquired 17,384 69 2,839,884 1,023,303 - 1,014,946 2,011,365 503,762 - 7,410,713
Matured or
derecognized
assets
(except
for write
off) (11,135) (680) (3,557) (714,632) - (489,645) (1,147,617) (632,717) - (2,999,983)
Foreign
exchange
differences - - (240,315) (195,625) 1,082 1,933 (2,022) (860) - (435,807)
------------
Gross amount
as at 31
December
2021 19,964 496 8,197,359 1,958,937 32,813 1,069,145 2,844,620 897,300 - 15,020,633
The tables below analyse information about the changes in the ECL amount of financial assets, commitments and other non-financial assets during 2022 and 2021:
Column1 Other Cash and Due from Investment Contingencies Column5 Column6
financial cash equivalents other securities (Note 33)
assets (Note 7) Banks at amortised
(Note (Note 8) cost (Note
14) 10)
Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 TOTAL
2
Lifetime Lifetime 12-month 12-month 12-month Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime Lifetime
ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
--------- --------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------
Loss allowance
for ECL
as at 1
January
2022 184 27 707 14,779 20,668 1,633 29,233 13,970 - 81,201
--------- --------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------
- Transfer
from
stage 1 - - (3) 3 - - - (1) - 1 -
- Transfer
from
stage 2 - - - - - - - - - - -
- Transfer
from
stage 3 13 (13) - - - - - - - - -
- Changes due
to
modifications
that
did not
result
in
derecognition 32 - (615) 844 136 1,409 (461) 745 - - 2,090
New assets
issued
or acquired 283 7 1 - 10,607 - 9,523 12,707 3,217 2,640 38,985
Matured or
derecognized
assets
(except
for write
off) (66) (14) (1) - (13,440) - (645) (21,460) (13,970) - (49,596)
Foreign
exchange
differences - - 33 - 39 - - (42) - - 30
Loss allowance
for ECL as at
31 December
2022 446 7 122 847 12,121 22,077 10,050 21,182 3,217 2,641 72,710
Column1 Other Column2 Cash and Due from Column3 Investment Letters of Column4 Column5 Column6 Other
financial cash other securities Credit and non-financial
assets equivalents Banks at Guarantees assets
(Note 14) (Note 7) (Note 8) amortised (Note 33)
cost (Note
10)
Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 TOTAL
Lifetime Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime 12-month 12-month Lifetime Lifetime
ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL ECL
Loss allowance for
ECL
as at 1 January
2021 306 1,103 161 18,429 - 1,689 15,651 7,194 - 44,533 1,639
- Transfer from
stage 1 - - - (4,149) 4,149 - (358) 358 - - -
- Transfer from
stage 2 (2) 2 - - - - 55 (55) - - -
- Transfer from
stage 3 550 (550) - - - - - - - - -
- Changes due
to modifications
that
did not result in
derecognition (629) (171) 52 (1,536) 16,519 (331) (2,462) 8,514 - 19,956 (1,639)
New assets issued
or acquired 144 4 602 7,935 - 1,540 6,640 2,833 - 19,698 -
Matured or
derecognized
assets (except
for write off) (185) (361) (116) (6,854) - (1,266) (7,496) (4,823) - (21,101) -
Foreign exchange
differences - - 8 954 - - (27) (51) - 884 -
Loss allowance for
ECL
as at 31 December
2021 184 27 707 14,779 20,668 1,633 12,003 13,970 - 63,971 -
32. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares.
The Group has no dilutive potential ordinary shares; therefore, the diluted earnings per share equal basic earnings per share.
According to the charter of the Group, and as described in Note 22, dividend payments per ordinary share cannot exceed the dividends per share on preferred shares for the same period and the minimum dividends payable to the owners of preference shares comprise not less than 20%. Therefore, net profit for the period is allocated to the ordinary shares and the preferred shares in accordance with their legal and contractual dividend rights to participate in undistributed earnings.
Column1 2022 2021 Profit for the year attributable to ordinary shareholders 620,552 856,988 Earnings used in calculation of earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations 620,552 856,988 Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of basic and diluted earnings per share 243,922 243,922 Basic and diluted EPS per ordinary share in UZS 2.54 3.51 Total basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share (expressed in UZS per share) 2.54 3.51
33. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal proceedings . From time to time and in the normal course of business, claims against the Group are received. On the basis of its own estimates and both internal and external professional advice the Management is of the opinion that no material losses will be incurred in respect of claims and accordingly no provision has been made in these consolidated financial statements.
Tax legislation . Uzbek tax, currency and customs legislation is subject to varying interpretations, and changes, which can occur frequently. The Management's interpretation of such legislation as applied to the transactions and activity of the Group may be challenged by the relevant regional and state authorities. Recent events within Uzbekistan suggest that the tax authorities may be taking a more assertive position in their interpretation of the legislation and assessments, and it is possible that transactions and activities that have not been challenged in the past, may be challenged. As a result, significant additional taxes, penalties and interest may be assessed. Fiscal periods remain open to review by the authorities in respect of taxes for five calendar years preceding the year of review. Under certain circumstances reviews may cover longer periods.
The Management believes that its interpretation of the relevant legislation is appropriate and the Bank's tax, currency legislation and customs positions will be sustained. Accordingly, as at 31 December 2022, no provision for potential tax liabilities had been recorded (2021: Nil). The Group estimates that it has no potential obligations from exposure to other than remote tax risks.
Capital expenditure commitments. As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the Group had contractual capital expenditure commitments for the total amount of UZS 315,253 million and UZS 1,033,849 million in respect of premises and equipment, respectively.
Credit related commitments . The primary purpose of these instruments is to ensure that funds are available to a customer as required. Guarantees and standby letters of credit, which represent irrevocable assurances that the Group will make payments in the event that a customer cannot meet its obligations to third parties, carry the same credit risk as loans. Documentary and commercial letters of credit, which are written undertakings by the Group on behalf of a customer authorising a third party to draw drafts on the Group up to a stipulated amount under specific terms and conditions, are collateralised by the underlying shipments of goods to which they relate or cash deposits and therefore carry less risk than a direct borrowing. Commitments to extend credit represent unused portions of authorisations to extend credit in the form of loans, guarantees or letters of credit. With respect to credit risk on commitments to extend credit, the Group is potentially exposed to loss in an amount equal to the total unused commitments. However, the likely amount of loss is less than the total unused commitments since most commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards. The Group monitors the term to maturity of credit related commitments because longer-term commitments generally have a greater degree of credit risk than shorter-term commitments.
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 Guarantees issued 1,933,385 1,834,214 Letters of credits, post-financing with commencement after reporting period end 1,050,576 1,508,819 Letters of credit, non post-financing 682,811 398,886 Undrawn credit lines 392,791 831,415 Total gross credit related commitments 4,059,563 4,573,334 Less - Cash held as security against letters of credit and guarantees (669,149) (275,863)
Less - Provision for expected credit losses (27,040) (43,203) Total credit related commitments 3,363,374 4,254,268
The total outstanding contractual amount of letters of credit, guarantees issued and undrawn credit lines does not necessarily represent future cash requirements as these financial instruments may expire or terminate without being funded.
34. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The table below sets out fair values, at the end of the reporting period, of currencies receivable or payable under foreign exchange forward and swap contracts entered into by the Group. The table reflects gross positions before the netting of any counterparty positions (and payments) and covers the contracts with settlement dates after the end of the respective reporting period. The contracts are short term in nature:
31 December 31 December
2022 2021
Contracts Contracts Contracts Contracts
with positive with negative with positive with negative
fair value fair value fair value fair value
Foreign exchange swaps:
fair values, at the end
of the reporting period,
of
- RUB receivable on settlement
(+) - 872,823 - -
- USD payable on settlement
(-) - (230,138) - -
- UZS payable on settlement
(-) - (758,218) - -
Net fair value of foreign - (115,533) - -
exchange swaps
Foreign exchange derivative financial instruments entered into by the Group are generally traded in an over-the-counter market with professional market counterparties on standardised contractual terms and conditions. Derivatives have potentially favourable (assets) or unfavourable (liabilities) conditions as a result of fluctuations in market interest rates, foreign exchange rates or other variables relative to their terms. The aggregate fair values of derivative financial assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from time to time.
35. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
IFRS defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at a measurement date.
Fair value measurements are analysed by level in the fair value hierarchy as follows:
-- Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
-- Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
-- Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
The Management applies judgement in categorising financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy. If a fair value measurement uses observable inputs that require significant adjustment, that measurement is a Level 3 measurement. The significance of a valuation input is assessed against the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Management's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.
The Group considers that the accounting estimate related to the valuation of financial instruments where quoted markets prices are not available is a key source of estimation uncertainty because: (i) it is highly susceptible to changes from year to year, as it requires the Management to make assumptions about interest rates, volatility, exchange rates, the credit rating of the counterparty, valuation adjustments and specific features of transactions and (ii) the impact that recognising a change in the valuations would have on the assets reported on the consolidated statement of financial position, as well as, the related profit or loss reported on the consolidated statement of profit or loss, could be material .
Some of the Group's financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting year. The following table gives information about how the fair values of these financial assets and financial liabilities are determined (in particular, the valuation technique(s) and inputs used).
Column1 Fair value as at Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6
Financial 31 December 31 December Fair value Valuation Significant Relationship of
assets/ 2022 2021 hierarchy model(s) and unobservable unobservable
financial key input(s) input(s) inputs to fair
liabilities value
Equity
securities at
FVTOCI
Quoted bid
prices in an
- Visa Inc. 13,460 13,613 Level 1 active market. N/A N/A
- Other 28,547 34,523 Level 3 Discounted cash Discount rate The greater
flows. Discount discount- the
rate estimated smaller fair
based on WACC value
The fair value of the equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income disclosed in Note 11 was determined as the present value of future dividends by assuming dividend growth rate of zero per annum. The Management built its expectation based on previous experience of dividends received on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income over multiple years, and accordingly calculated the value of using the average rate of return on investments. A significant unobservable input used in determining the fair value of equity securities at FVTOCI is the Group's WACC. The higher the WACC the lower the fair value of the equity securities at FVTOCI. The Management believes that this approach accurately reflects the fair value of these securities, given they are not traded. Such financial instruments were categorised as Level 3.
Investments to which the dividends valuation approach is not applicable, i.e. dividends were not paid during the period, Management may use the Assets based valuation approach focused on the investment company's net assets value (NAV), or fair market value of its total assets minus its total liabilities, to determine what would cost to recreate the business. The Management believes that such approach accurately reflects the fair value of these securities.
Below is presented the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis (but fair value disclosures are required). Except as detailed in the following table, the Management considers that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities recognised in the consolidated financial statements approximate their fair values.
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Fair value
Loans and advances to customers 48,420,489 46,278,898 42,537,051 39,773,366
Due from other banks 1,843,415 1,785,429 1,956,303 1,726,508
Debt securities in issue
- Eurobonds (Note 18) 3,361,256 3,039,068 3,317,817 3,280,385
Other borrowed funds 32,241,760 34,012,003 30,130,776 31,751,605
Subordinated debt 330,560 325,161 101,771 97,338
Column1 31 December 2022
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Loans and advances
to customers - - 46,278,898 46,278,898
Due from other banks - 1,785,429 - 1,785,429
Debt securities
in issue
- Eurobonds (Note
18) 3,039,068 - - 3,039,068
Other borrowed funds - - 34,012,003 34,012,003
Subordinated debt - 325,161 - 325,161
31 December 2021
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Loans and advances
to customers - 39,773,366 39,773,366
Due from other banks - 1,726,508 - 1,726,508
Debt securities
in issue
- Eurobonds (Note18) 3,280,385 - - 3,280,385
Other borrowed funds - - 31,751,605 31,751,605
Subordinated debt - - 97,338 97,338
The fair values of the financial assets and financial liabilities included in the level 2 and level 3 categories above have been determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on a discounted cash flow analysis, with the most significant inputs being the discount rate that reflects the credit risk of counterparties.
For those financial instruments where interest rates were not directly available in the CBU's Statistical bulletin, the Management uses discounted cash flow model by applying market interest rates based on the rates of the deals concluded towards the end of the reporting period. Due to the absence of an active market or observable inputs for instruments with characteristics similar to the Bank's financial instruments , the Management considered the latest rates as the most appropriate input from all available data for calculation of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities . Therefore, these long-term financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but where fair value disclosures are required, are categorised within Level 3.
36. CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Under the current capital requirements set by the CBU, banks have to maintain ratios of:
-- Ratio of regulatory capital to risk weighted assets ("Regulatory capital ratio") above a prescribed minimum level of 13% (31 December 2021: 13%). Actual ratio as at 31 December 2022: 15.3% (31 December 2021: 15.8%);
-- Ratio of Group's tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets ("Capital adequacy ratio") above a prescribed minimum level of 10% (31 December 2021: 10%). Actual ratio as at 31 December 2022: 12.1% (31 December 2021: 11.9%); and
-- Ratio of Group's tier 1 capital to total assets less intangibles ("Leverage ratio") above a prescribed minimum level of 6% (31 December 2021: 6%). Actual ratio as at 31 December 2022: 10.3% (31 December 2021: 10%).
The Group and the Bank have complied with all externally imposed capital requirements throughout 2022 and 2021.
Total capital is based on the Group's reports prepared under Uzbekistan Accounting Legislation and related instructions and comprises:
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021 Tier 1 capital 7,223,851 6,223,703 Less: Deductions from capital (249,725) (149,023) Tier 1 capital adjusted 6,974,126 6,074,680 Tier 2 capital 1,874,573 2,024,893 Total regulatory Capital 8,848,699 8,099,573
Regulatory capital consists of Tier 1 capital, which comprises share capital, share premium, preference shares, retained earnings excluding current year profit and less intangible assets. The other component of regulatory capital is Tier 2 capital, which includes current year profit.
37. RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES
The risk management function within the Group is carried out in respect of financial risks, operational risks and legal risks. Financial risk comprises market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The primary objectives of the financial risk management function are to establish risk limits, and then ensure that exposure to risks stays within these limits. The operational and legal risk management functions are intended to ensure proper functioning of internal policies and procedures, in order to minimize operational and legal risks.
Credit risk . The Group takes on exposure to credit risk which is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Exposure to credit risk arises as a result of the Group's lending and other transactions with counterparties giving rise to financial assets.
Clients of the Group are segmented into five rating classes. The Group's rating scale, which is shown below, reflects the range of default probabilities defined for each rating class. This means that, in principle, exposures migrate between classes as the assessment of their probability of default changes.
Group's internal ratings scale :
Timely repayment of these loans is not in doubt. The borrower is a financially stable company, which has an adequate capital level, high level profitability and sufficient cash flow to meet its all existing obligations, including present debt. When estimating the reputation of the borrower such factors as the history of previous repayments, marketability of collateral (movable and immovable property guarantee) are taken into consideration.
"Sub-standard" loans are loans, secured with a reliable source of secondary repayment (guarantee or collateral). On the whole, the financial situation of borrower is stable, but some unfavorable circumstances or tendencies are in the present, which raise doubts on the ability of the borrower to repay on time. "Standard" loans with insufficient information in the credit file or missed information on collateral could be also classified as "sub-standard" loans.
Unsatisfactory loans have obvious deficiencies, which make for doubtful repayment of the loan on the conditions, envisaged by the initial agreement. As for "unsatisfactory" loans, the primary source of repayment is not sufficient and the Group has to seek additional loan repayment sources, which in case of non-repayment is a sale of collateral.
Doubtful loans are those loans, which have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as "unsatisfactory" with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable.
Loans classified as "loss" are considered uncollectible and have such little value that their continuance as bankable assets of the Group is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loans have absolutely no likelihood of recovery, but rather means that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these essentially worthless assets even though partial recovery may be effected in the future and the Group should make efforts on liquidation such debts through selling collateral or should apply all forces for its repayment.
Risk limits control and mitigation policies . The Group manages, limits and controls concentrations of credit risk wherever they are identified - in particular, to individual counterparties and groups, and to industries.
The Group structures the levels of credit risk it undertakes by placing limits on the amount of risk accepted in relation to one borrower, or groups of borrowers, and to geographical and industry segments. Such risks are monitored on a revolving basis and subject to an annual or more frequent review, when considered necessary. Limits on the level of credit risk by product, industry sector and by country are approved quarterly by the Group's Council.
Where appropriate, and in the case of most loans, the Group obtains collateral and corporate and personal guarantee. However, a significant portion of loans is personal lending, where no such facilities can be obtained. Such risks are monitored on a continuous basis and subject to annual or more frequent reviews.
Exposure to credit risk is managed through regular analysis of the ability of borrowers and potential borrowers to meet interest and capital repayment obligations and by changing these lending limits where appropriate. Some other specific control and mitigation measures are outlined below.
(a) Limits . The Group manages and controls credit risk by setting limits on the amount of risk it is willing to accept for individual counterparties and for geographical and industry concentrations, and by monitoring exposures in relation to such limits.
Loan applications, along with financial analysis of loan applicant which includes liquidity, profitability, interest coverage and debt service coverage ratios, originated by the relevant client relationship managers are passed on to the relevant credit committee or Bank Council for approval of credit limit.
(b) Collateral . The Group employs a range of policies and practices to mitigate credit risk. The most traditional of these is the taking of security for funds advances, which is common practice. The Group implements guidelines on the acceptability of specific classes of collateral or credit risk mitigation.
Collateral before being accepted by the Group is thoroughly analysed and physically verified, where applicable. Debt securities, treasury and other eligible bills are generally unsecured.
The principal collateral types for loans and advances as well as finance lease receivables are:
- State guarantees - Cash deposits; - Motor vehicle; - Inventory; - Letter of surety; - Residential house; - Equipment; - Building; and - Other assets
(c) Concentration of risks of financial assets with credit risk exposure . The Group's Management focuses on concentration risk:
- The maximum risk to single borrower or group of affiliated borrowers shall not exceed 25 percent of the Group's tier 1 capital;
- Total amount of unsecured credits to single borrower or group of affiliated borrowers shall not exceed 5 percent of Group's tier 1 capital;
- Total amount of all large credits shall not exceed Group's tier 1 capital by more than 8 times; and
- Total loan amount to related party shall not exceed Group's tier 1 capital.
The Bank is required to prepare and submit stand-alone financial information of the Bank to the Central Bank of Uzbekistan on a monthly basis. The consolidated financial statements are prepared under IFRS only once in a year.
In order to monitor credit risk exposures, weekly reports are produced by the credit department's officers based on a structured analysis focusing on the customer's business and financial performance, which includes overdue balances, disbursements and repayments, outstanding balances and maturity of loan and as well as grade of loan and collateral. Any significant exposures against customers with deteriorating creditworthiness are reported to and reviewed by the Management daily. The Management monitors and follows up past due balances.
Impairment and provisioning policies . The internal and external rating systems described above focus on credit-quality mapping from the inception of the lending and investment activities. In contrast, impairment provisions are recognised for financial reporting purposes only for losses incurred at the balance sheet date based on objective evidence of impairment. Due to the different methodologies applied, the amount of incurred credit losses provided for in the financial statements are usually lower than the amount determined from the expected loss model that is used for internal operational management and banking regulation purposes.
The Group's policy requires the review of individual financial assets that are above certain materiality thresholds at least annually or more regularly when individual circumstances require. Impairment allowances on individually assessed accounts are determined by an evaluation of the incurred loss at balance-sheet date on a case-by-case basis, and are applied to all individually significant accounts. The assessment normally encompasses collateral held (including re-confirmation of its enforceability) and the anticipated receipts for that individual account.
Collectively assessed impairment allowances are provided for: (i) portfolios of homogenous assets that are individually below materiality thresholds; and (ii) individual financial assets in stage 1 and 2 that are above certain materiality thresholds, by using the available empirical data, experienced judgment and statistical techniques.
The Group monitors the term to maturity of off balance sheet contingencies because longer term commitments generally have a greater degree of credit risk than short-term commitments.
Commitments to extend credit represent unused portions of credit in the form of loans, guarantees or letters of credit. The credit risk on off-balance sheet financial instruments is defined as a probability of losses due to the inability of counterparty to comply with the contractual terms and conditions. With respect to credit risk on commitments to extend credit, the Group is potentially exposed to a loss in an amount equal to the total unused commitments.
However, the likely amount of the loss is less than the total unused commitments since most commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards. The Group applies the same credit policy to the contingent liabilities as it does to the balance sheet financial instruments, i.e. the one based on the procedures for approving the grant of loans, using limits to mitigate the risk, and current monitoring.
Maximum exposure of credit risk. The Group 's maximum exposure to credit risk varies significantly and is dependent on both individual risks and general market economy risks.
The Group 's maximum exposure to credit risk under contingent liabilities and commitments to extend credit, in the event of non-performance by the other party where all counterclaims, collateral or security prove valueless, is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments.
Off-balance sheet risk. The Group applies fundamentally the same risk management policies for off-balance sheet risks as it does for its on-balance sheet risks. In the case of commitments to lend, customers and counterparties will be subject to the same credit management policies as for loans and advances. Collateral may be sought depending on the strength of the counterparty and the nature of the transaction.
Market risk . The Group takes on exposure to market risks. Market risks arise from open positions in interest rate, currency and equity products, all of which are exposed to general and specific market movements. The Group manages its market risk through risk-based limits established by the Bank Supervisory Board on the value of risk that may be accepted. The risk-based limits are subject to review by the Bank Council on a quarterly basis. Overall Group's position is split between Corporate and Retail banking positions. The exposure of Corporate and Retail banking operations to market risk is managed through the system of limits monitored by the Treasury Department on a daily basis. However, the use of this approach does not prevent losses outside of these limits in the event of more significant market movements.
Currency risk . The Group takes on exposure to the effect of fluctuations in the prevailing foreign currency exchange rates on its financial position and cash flows. In respect of currency risk, the Council sets limits on the level of exposure by currency and in total for both overnight and intra-day positions, which are monitored daily. The Group's Treasury Department measures its currency risk by matching financial assets and liabilities denominated in same currency and analyses effect of actual annual appreciation/depreciation of that currency against Uzbekistan Soum to the profit and loss of the Group.
The Group measures its currency risk by:
- Net position on each currency should not exceed 10% of Group's total equity; - Total net position on all currencies should not exceed 15% of Group's total equity.
The table below summarises the Group's exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk at the end of reporting period:
31 December 2022 USD EUR Other currencies UZS Total Cash and cash equivalents 5,576,148 94,127 189,044 1,260,170 7,119,489 Due from other banks 838,355 6,024 21,120 977,916 1,843,415 Loans and advances to customers 21,925,729 8,583,707 - 17,911,053 48,420,489 Investment securities measured at amortised cost 107,199 - - 2,571,372 2,678,571 Other financial assets 9,237 8,323 7,188 - 24,748 Total monetary assets 28,456,668 8,692,181 217,352 22,720,511 60,086,712 Due to other banks 3,538,540 27,555 30,687 298,937 3,895,719 Customer accounts 5,774,731 591,341 94,249 8,868,498 15,328,819 Debt securities in issue 3,361,256 - - - 3,361,256 Other borrowed funds 16,224,230 8,399,150 869,491 6,748,889 32,241,760 Other financial liabilities 120,472 2,713 401 45,949 169,535 Subordinated debt 330,560 330,560 Derivative financial liabilities 230,138 - (872,823) 758,218 115,533 Total monetary liabilities 29,249,367 9,020,759 122,005 17,051,051 55,443,182 Net Balance sheet position (792,699) (328,578) 95,347 5,669,460 4,643,530
Other currencies category includes Russian Rouble, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Swiss Franc. Other borrowed funds as exposure to Russian Rouble in the amount of UZS 869,491 millions. Bank hedged its currency risk by entering currency swaps. Information on derivative financial instruments is disclosed in Note 34.
31 December 2021 USD EUR Other UZS Total
currencies
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents 5,058,478 480,056 130,815 2,527,303 8,196,652
Due from other banks 843,913 43,387 65,131 1,003,872 1,956,303
Loans and advances to customers 20,739,057 6,883,573 3,305 14,911,116 42,537,051
Investment securities measured
at
amortised cost - - - 1,067,512 1,067,512
Other financial assets 10,766 6,175 3,308 - 20,249
Total monetary assets 26,652,214 7,413,191 202,559 19,509,803 53,777,767
Due to other banks 1,012,647 44,171 - 336,159 1,392,977
Customer accounts 6,411,546 424,540 114,676 6,610,778 13,561,540
Debt securities in issue 3,235,127 - - 82,690 3,317,817
Other borrowed funds 16,014,520 7,179,169 3,443 6,933,644 30,130,776
Other financial liabilities 101,305 399 4 54,047 155,755
Subordinated debt 101,771 101,771
Total monetary liabilities 26,775,145 7,648,279 118,123 14,119,089 48,660,636
Net Balance sheet position (122,931) (235,088) 84,436 5,390,714 5,117,131
Changes of the possible movement of the currency rates from 2022 to 2021 were associated with the increase in the volatility of the exchange rate. The following table presents sensitivities of profit and loss to reasonably possible changes in exchange rates applied at the end of reporting period, with all other variables held constant:
Column1 As at 31 December 2022 As at 31 December 2021
Impact on profit or loss Impact on profit or loss
US Dollars strengthening by 20% (31 December 2021: 20%) (112,512) (24,586)
US Dollars weakening by 20% (31 December 2021: 20%) 112,512 24,586
EUR strengthening by 20% (31 December 2021: 20%) (65,716) (47,018)
EUR weakening by 20% (31 December 2021: 20%) 65,716 47,018
The above sensitivity analysis include limitations in terms of the use of hypothetical market movements to demonstrate potential risk that only represent the Group's view of possible near-term market changes, based on historical change in foreign currency rates, and which cannot be predicted with any certainty.
The exposure was calculated only for monetary balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Group. Impact on equity would be the same as impact on statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
Interest rate risk . The Group takes on exposure to the effects of fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market interest rates on its financial position and cash flows. Interest margins may increase as a result of such changes but may reduce or create losses in the event that unexpected movements arise.
The Management monitors on a daily basis and sets limits on the level of mismatch of interest rate repricing that may be undertaken.
The table below summarises the Group's exposure to interest rate risks. The table presents the aggregated amounts of the Group's financial assets and liabilities at carrying amounts, categorised by the earlier of contractual interest repricing or maturity dates.
31 December 2022 Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
less than 1 months months years years
month
Assets
Cash and cash
equivalents 331,322 - - - - - 331,322
Due from
other banks 22,804 36,985 373,780 46,882 807,174 335,996 1,623,621
Loans and
advances
to customers 3,182,423 9,429,527 6,737,701 11,968,398 8,457,511 7,898,041 47,673,601
Investment
securities
measured
at amortised
cost 584,851 1,122,044 230,799 676,119 2,437 41,041 2,657,291
Total % bearing
financial
assets 4,121,400 10,588,556 7,342,280 12,691,399 9,267,122 8,275,078 52,285,835
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 310,398 842,350 561,817 1,548,270 36,516 20,703 3,320,054
Customer
accounts 300,128 669,716 2,483,990 2,325,567 500,722 1,011,186 7,291,309
Debt securities
in issue - - - 3,345,658 - - 3,345,658
Other borrowed
funds 654,138 5,775,378 4,517,187 6,175,899 6,173,839 8,034,683 31,331,124
Derivative
financial
liabilities - 115,533 - - - - 115,533
Subordinated
debt - - - - 241,691 87,097 328,788
Total financial
%
bearing
liabilities 1,264,664 7,402,977 7,562,994 13,395,394 6,952,768 9,153,669 45,732,466
Net interest
sensitivity gap 2,856,736 3,185,579 (220,714) (703,995) 2,645,376 (878,591) 6,553,369
31 December 2021 Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
less than 1 months months years years
month
Assets
Cash and cash
equivalents 650,234 - - - 650,234 - 1,300,468
Due from
other banks 14,083 24,092 446,058 208,950 257,745 374,560 1,325,488
Loans and
advances
to customers 2,301,142 7,688,643 5,408,590 11,541,556 7,905,947 7,638,652 42,484,530
Investment
securities
measured
at amortised
cost 442,290 493,401 - 125,664 2,442 - 1,063,797
Total % bearing
financial
assets 3,407,749 8,206,136 5,854,648 11,876,170 8,816,368 8,013,212 46,174,283
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 164,573 433,506 2,469 40,078 401,151 41,480 1,083,257
Customer
accounts 310,218 1,818,168 1,350,402 1,802,731 216,880 717,595 6,215,994
Debt securities
in issue 3,002 8,600 70,000 3,211,014 - - 3,292,616
Other borrowed
funds 514,743 3,323,382 4,698,344 12,384,059 2,849,198 5,584,698 29,354,424
Subordinated
debt - - - - 3,226 96,774 100,000
Total financial
%
bearing
liabilities 992,536 5,583,656 6,121,215 17,437,882 3,470,455 6,440,547 40,046,291
Net interest
sensitivity gap 2,415,213 2,622,480 (266,567) (5,561,712) 5,345,913 1,572,665 6,127,992
As at 31 December 2022, if interest rates at that date had been 165 basis points lower (2021: 165 basis points lower) with all other variables held constant, profit for the year would have been UZS 115,505 million higher (2021: UZS 114,093 million higher).
If interest rates had been 165 basis points higher (2021: 165 basis points higher), with all other variables held constant, profit would have been UZS 115,505 million lower (2021: UZS 114,093 million lower).
The Group monitors interest rates for its financial instruments. The table below summarizes interest rates based on reports reviewed by key management personnel:
Other price risk . The Group is exposed to prepayment risk through providing loans, including mortgages, which give the borrower the right to early repay the loans. The Group's current year profit or loss and equity at the current reporting date would not have been significantly impacted by changes in prepayment rates because such loans are carried at amortised cost and the prepayment right is at or close to the amortised cost of the loans and advances to customers. The Group has no significant exposure to equity price risk.
Geographical risk concentration . The geographical concentration of the Group's financial assets and liabilities
at 31 December 2022 is set out below:
31 December 2022 Uzbekistan OECD Non-OECD Russia Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents 2,910,840 4,126,893 - 81,756 7,119,489 Due from other banks 1,816,272 27,143 - - 1,843,415 Loans and advances to customers 48,420,489 - - - 48,420,489 Investment securities measured at amortised cost 2,678,571 - - - 2,678,571 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 28,545 13,462 - - 42,007 Other financial assets 18,814 5,934 - - 24,748 Total financial assets 55,873,531 4,173,432 - 81,756 60,128,719 Liabilities Due to other banks 847,982 27,245 153,461 2,867,031 3,895,719 Customer accounts 15,265,614 46,040 17,165 - 15,328,819 Debt securities in issue - 3,361,256 - - 3,361,256 Other borrowed funds 5,617,819 17,818,782 6,597,414 2,207,745 32,241,760 Derivative financial liabilities - 115,533 - - 115,533 Other financial liabilities 49,005 2,253 118,277 - 169,535 Subordinated debt 330,560 - - - 330,560 Total financial liabilities 22,110,980 21,371,109 6,886,317 5,074,776 55,443,182 Net balance sheet position 33,762,551 (17,197,677) (6,886,317) (4,993,020) 4,685,537 Credit related commitments (Note 33) 3,363,374 - - - 3,363,374
The geographical concentration of the Group's financial assets and liabilities at 31 December 2021 is set out below:
31 December 2021 Uzbekistan OECD Non-OECD Russia Total Assets Cash and cash equivalents 4,007,434 4,124,590 - 64,628 8,196,652 Due from other banks 1,837,456 117,215 1,632 - 1,956,303 Loans and advances to customers 42,537,051 - - - 42,537,051 Investment securities measured at amortised cost 1,067,512 - - - 1,067,512 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 34,523 13,613 - - 48,136 Other financial assets 10,270 9,979 - - 20,249 Total financial assets 49,494,246 4,265,397 1,632 64,628 53,825,903 Liabilities Due to other banks 1,050,532 271,622 70,410 413 1,392,977 Customer accounts 13,171,330 - 390,210 - 13,561,540 Debt securities in issue 82,690 3,235,127 - - 3,317,817 Other borrowed funds 5,863,247 13,976,515 7,009,055 3,281,959 30,130,776 Other financial liabilities 54,452 - 101,303 - 155,755 Subordinated debt 101,771 - - - 101,771 Total financial liabilities 20,324,022 17,483,264 7,570,978 3,282,372 48,660,636 Net balance sheet position 29,170,224 (13,217,867) (7,569,346) (3,217,744) 5,165,267 Credit related commitments (Note 33) 4,254,268 - - - 4,254,268
Liquidity risk . Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Group is exposed to daily calls on its available cash resources from overnight deposits, current accounts, maturing deposits, loan draw downs, guarantees. The Group does not maintain cash resources to meet all of these needs as experience shows that a minimum level of reinvestment of maturing funds can be predicted with a high level of certainty. Liquidity risk is managed by the Resources Management Committee of the Group.
The Group seeks to maintain a stable funding base comprising primarily amounts due to other banks, corporate and retail customer deposits and invest the funds in inter-bank placements of liquid assets, in order to be able to respond quickly and smoothly to unforeseen liquidity requirements.
The liquidity management of the Group requires considering the level of liquid assets necessary to settle obligations as they fall due; maintaining access to a range of funding sources; maintaining funding contingency plans and monitoring balance sheet liquidity ratios against regulatory requirements. The Group calculates liquidity ratios on a monthly basis in accordance with the requirement of the CBU. These ratios are calculated using figures based on National Accounting Standards.
The Treasury Department receives information about the liquidity profile of the financial assets and liabilities. The Treasury Department then provides for an adequate portfolio of short-term liquid assets, largely made up of short-term liquid trading securities, deposits with banks and other inter-bank facilities, to ensure that sufficient liquidity is maintained within the Group as a whole.
The daily liquidity position is monitored and regular liquidity stress testing under a variety of scenarios covering both normal and more severe market conditions is performed by the Treasury Department.
When the amount payable is not fixed, the amount disclosed is determined by reference to the conditions existing at the reporting date. Foreign currency payments are translated using the spot exchange rate at the statement of financial position date.
The undiscounted maturity analysis of financial instruments at 31 December 2022 is as follows:
31 December Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
2022 less than 1 months months years years
month
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 894,464 894,628 612,651 1,629,691 46,904 21,655 4,099,993
ustomer
accounts 8,351,445 1,178,018 2,881,680 2,695,357 861,706 1,812,813 17,781,019
Debt
securities in
issue 31,940 79,058 96,978 3,523,803 - - 3,731,779
Other borrowed
funds 1,159,307 6,366,823 4,994,038 7,332,836 6,986,453 9,730,021 36,569,478
Derivative
financial
liabilities - 115,533 - - - - 115,533
Other
financial
liabilities 169,535 - - - - - 169,535
Subordinated
debt - 10,753 10,686 42,938 283,601 148,111 496,089
Undrawn credit
lines 390,446 - - - - - 390,446
Guarantees
issued 1,686,922 - - - - - 1,686,922
Letters of
credit 55,328 1,213,958 16,720 - - - 1,286,006
Total
potential
future
payments
for financial
obligations 12,739,387 9,858,771 8,612,753 15,224,625 8,178,664 11,712,600 66,326,800
The undiscounted maturity analysis of financial instruments at 31 December 2021 is as follows:
31 December Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
2021 less than 1 months months years years
month
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 473,736 460,908 28,335 142,257 437,562 48,173 1,590,971
Customer
accounts 7,628,416 1,989,658 2,312,751 917,524 219,074 721,434 13,788,857
Debt
securities in
issue 20,964 120,246 174,614 3,593,482 - - 3,909,306
Other borrowed
funds 664,752 4,185,661 5,449,195 13,934,192 3,305,437 6,493,697 34,032,934
Other
financial
liabilities 155,755 - - - - - 155,755
Subordinated
debt - - - 18,025 21,472 164,089 203,586
Undrawn credit
lines 831,415 - - - - - 831,415
Guarantees
issued 1,676,260 - - - - - 1,676,260
Letters of
credit 35,013 1,622,819 48,777 60,264 - - 1,766,873
Total
potential
future
payments
for financial
obligations 11,486,311 8,379,292 8,013,672 18,665,744 3,983,545 7,427,393 57,955,957
Liquidity requirements to support calls under guarantees and standby letters of credit are considerably less than the amount of the commitment disclosed in the above maturity analysis, because the Group does not generally expect the third party to draw funds under the agreement.
The total outstanding contractual amount of commitments to extend credit as included in the above maturity table does not necessarily represent future cash requirements, since many of these commitments will expire or terminate without being funded.
The table below shows the maturity analysis of non-derivative financial assets at their carrying amounts and based on their contractual maturities, except for assets that are readily saleable if it should be necessary to meet cash outflows on financial liabilities. Such financial assets are included in the maturity analysis based on their expected date of disposal. Impaired loans are included at their carrying amounts net of impairment provisions, and based on the expected timing of cash inflows.
The Group does not use the above undiscounted maturity analysis to manage liquidity. Instead, the Group monitors expected maturities which may be summarised as follows at 31 December 2022:
31 December Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
2022 less than 1 months months years years
month
Assets
Cash and cash
equivalents 7,119,489 - - - - - 7,119,489
Due from other
banks 217,021 36,985 399,357 46,882 807,174 335,996 1,843,415
Loans and
advances to
customers 3,263,577 9,559,364 6,856,191 12,254,893 8,530,568 7,955,896 48,420,489
Investment
securities
measured at
amortised
cost 606,131 1,122,044 230,799 676,119 2,437 41,041 2,678,571
Financial
assets at
fair value
through other
comprehensive
income - - - 42,007 - - 42,007
Other
financial
assets 24,748 - - - - - 24,748
Total
financial
assets 11,230,966 10,718,393 7,486,347 13,019,901 9,340,179 8,332,933 60,128,719
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 882,171 842,350 562,950 1,548,270 39,275 20,703 3,895,719
Customer
accounts 8,266,679 756,711 2,467,866 2,325,921 500,459 1,011,183 15,328,819
Debt
securities in
issue 15,598 - - 3,345,658 - - 3,361,256
Other borrowed
funds 1,048,485 5,951,679 4,629,458 6,232,075 6,230,015 8,150,048 32,241,760
Derivative
financial
liabilities - 115,533 - - - - 115,533
Other
financial
liabilities 169,535 - - - - - 169,535
Subordinated
debt - 1,772 - - 241,691 87,097 330,560
Total
financial
liabilities 10,382,468 7,668,045 7,660,274 13,451,924 7,011,440 9,269,031 55,443,182
Net liquidity
gap 848,498 3,050,348 (173,927) (432,023) 2,328,739 (936,098) 4,685,537
Cumulative
liquidity gap 848,498 3,898,846 3,724,919 3,292,896 5,621,635 4,685,537
The analysis by remaining contractual maturities may be summarised as follows at 31 December 2021:
31 December Demand and From 1 to 6 From 6 to 12 From 1 to 3 From 3 to 5 Over 5 years Total
2021 less than 1 months months years years
month
Assets
Cash and cash
equivalents 8,196,652 - - - - - 8,196,652
Due from other
banks 208,322 24,092 877,224 208,950 257,745 379,970 1,956,303
Loans and
advances to
customers 2,303,397 7,692,692 5,415,340 11,550,168 7,910,452 7,665,002 42,537,051
Investment
securities
measured at
amortised
cost 446,005 493,401 - 125,664 2,442 - 1,067,512
Financial
assets
at fair value
through other
comprehensive
income - - - 48,136 - - 48,136
Other
financial
assets 20,249 - - - - - 20,249
Total
financial
assets 11,174,625 8,210,185 6,292,564 11,932,918 8,170,639 8,044,972 53,825,903
Liabilities
Due to other
banks 467,396 435,292 2,469 42,430 401,151 44,239 1,392,977
Customer
accounts 7,588,430 1,897,559 2,264,066 877,011 216,880 717,594 13,561,540
Debt
securities in
issue 3,002 33,801 70,000 3,211,014 - - 3,317,817
Other borrowed
funds 560,328 3,670,762 4,931,885 12,437,283 2,875,810 5,654,708 30,130,776
Other
financial
liabilities 155,755 - - - - - 155,755
Subordinated
debt - 1,771 - - 3,226 96,774 101,771
Total
financial
liabilities 8,774,911 6,039,185 7,268,420 16,567,738 3,497,067 6,513,315 48,660,636
Net liquidity
gap 2,399,714 2,171,000 (975,856) (4,634,820) 4,673,572 1,531,657 5,165,267
Cumulative
liquidity gap 2,399,714 4,570,714 3,594,858 (1,039,962) 3,633,610 5,165,267
The above analysis is based on remaining contractual maturities.
Although the Group does not have the right to use the mandatory deposits held in the CBU for the purposes of funding its operating activities, the Management classifies them as demand deposits in the liquidity gap analysis on the basis that their nature is inherently to fund sudden withdrawal of customer accounts.
The matching and/or controlled mismatching of the maturities and interest rates of assets and liabilities is fundamental to the Management of the Group. It is unusual for banks ever to be completely matched since business transacted is often of an uncertain term and of different types. An unmatched position potentially enhances profitability, but can also increase the risk of losses. The maturities of assets and liabilities and the ability to replace, at an acceptable cost, interest-bearing liabilities as they mature, are important factors in assessing the liquidity of the Group and its exposure to changes in interest and exchange rates.
The Management believes that in spite of a substantial portion of customer accounts being on demand, the fact that significant portion of these customer accounts are of large state controlled entities which are either the Group's shareholders or its entities under common control and the past experience of the Group, indicate that these customer accounts provide a long-term and stable source of funding for the Group.
As part of liquidity risk management, the Group maintains a contingency plan, periodically reviewed and adjusted, to be able to withstand any unexpected outflow of customers and to respond to financial stress. The contingency plan is developed primarily on the basis of the Group's ability to access the State resources due to its state ownership and strategic importance to the national banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
As at 31 December 2022, the contingency plan of the Group consisted of the following:
- Attraction of long-term deposits of State funds under the Ministry of Finance - Pension Fund, State Deposit Insurance Fund and others;
- Attraction of budgetary funds up to one year through weekly electronic bidding platform run by the State Treasury under the Ministry of Finance;
- Utilization of the CBU's short-term liquidity loans;
- Attraction of deposits from inter-bank money markets within the limits set by the local commercial banks.
The Management of the Group is of the view that through their contingency plans the Group will be able to attract resources sufficient to cover any potential negative liquidity gap as at 31 December 2022.
38. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Parties are generally considered to be related if the parties are under common control or one party has the ability to control the other party or can exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions. In considering each possible related party relationship, attention is directed to the substance of the relationship, not merely the legal form.
-- "Significant shareholders" - legal entities-shareholders which have a significant influence to the Group through Government ;
-- "Key management personnel" - members of the Management Board and the Council of the Bank;
-- "Entities under common control" - entities that are controlled, jointly controlled or significantly influenced by the Government.
Details of transactions between the Group and related parties are disclosed below:
Column1 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Related party balances Total category as per Related party balances Total category as per
financial statements financial statements
caption caption
Cash and cash
equivalents
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% --32%) 35,908 1% 1,746,320 24%
Due from other banks
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 27%) 1,235,199 74% 1,483,268 76%
Loans and advances to
customers
- key management
personnel
(contractual interest
rate: 18% -- 28 %) 198 0% 1,176 0%
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate: 0% --0 %) - - 3,678,666 9%
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 23 %) 9,280,446 22% 8,157,239 19%
Investment securities
measured at
amortised cost
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate:4,75% -- 18,20
%) 2,060,476 38% 288,290 27%
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0 %) - - 770,932 72%
Financial assets at
fair value
through other
comprehensive
income
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0 %) - - 19,952 41%
Other Assets
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate: n/a %) 1,558 0% 13,270 4%
Due to other banks
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 16 %) 661,191 17% 963,175 69%
Customer accounts
- key management
personnel
(contractual interest
rate: 0% --22%) 1,347 0% 63 0%
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 19 %) 3,383,672 22% 4,258,100 31%
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 4 %) 2,807,152 18% 2,891,164 21%
Debt securities in
issue
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0 % -- 5,75 %) - - 12,604 0%
- significant
shareholders - - - 0%
Other borrowed funds
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 12 %) 4,813,932 11% 5,277,553 18%
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: 0% -- 4 %) - - 476 0%
Other liabilities
- significant
shareholders
(contractual interest
rate: n/a %) 50 0% 163 0%
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate: n/a %) 383 0% 26,774 14%
Subordinated debt
- entities under
common control
(contractual interest
rate:0% -- 10 %) 330,560 100% 101,771 100%
Column1 2022 2021
------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
Related party Total category as Related party Total category as
balances per financial balances per financial
statements caption statements caption
--------------------- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------
Interest income
- key management
personnel 34 0% 48 0%
- significant shareholders 1,079 0% 226,419 5%
- entities under
common control 350,369 7% 332,970 8%
Interest expense
- key management
personnel (216) 1% (1) 0%
- significant shareholders (547,782) 21% (364,671) 18%
- entities under
common control (84,300) 3% (85,088) 4%
Provision for/(recovery
of) credit losses
on loans and advances
to customers
- significant shareholders (81,109) 9% (38,049) 9%
- key management
personnel (6) 0% - 0%
Fee and commission
income
- significant shareholders 29 0% 15,332 4%
- entities under
common control 26 0% 15,163 4%
Fee and commission
expense
- significant shareholders (4) 0% - -
- entities under
common control (34) 0% - -
Net gain from trading
in foreign currencies
- entities under
common control 63,051 6% - -
Other operating
income
- significant shareholders - - 246 1%
- entities under
common control 12 0% 78 0%
Administrative and
other operating expenses
- key management
personnel (12,574) 27% (10,465) 1%
- entities under
common control - - (110,189) 11%
The Group enters into transaction with other government related entities in the normal course of business.
Key management compensation is presented below:
202 2 202 1
Salaries and other benefits qwerty 7,496 5,813
Bonuses 3,715 2,519
State pension and social security costs 1,363 2,133
Total 12,574 10,465
39. EVENTS AFTER THE OF THE REPORTING PERIOD
The Group made an investment in "Yashil Energiya" LLC established on the basis of the Presidential Decree #57 dated 16 February 2023 on "Measures to accelerate the introduction of renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies in 2023".
The total charter of "Yashil Energiya" LLC capital constituted UZS 118,420 million with the share of "SQB
Capital" LLC being 19.16% or UZS 22 684 million.
According to Presidential Decree #83 dated 1 March 2023 "On measures to accelerate the processes of reforming enterprises with the participation of the state", the share of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the amount of 13.1% was transferred to the Agency for Strategic Reforms under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Change in refinancing rate. On 16 March 2023, the Board of the Central Bank of Uzbekistan decided to lower the policy rate refinancing rate by 1 percentage point and set it at 14 percent per annum.
Current market events in the banking sector. In March 2023, due to recent events that led to higher interest rates in both Europe and the US, California-based Silicon Valley Bank filed for bankruptcy, the second largest bankruptcy in US history since the closure of Washington Mutual in 2008. Silicon Valley Bank was one of the 16 largest US banks and specialised in working with start-ups. The risks of the impact of the local crisis in the US on the banks of the Eurozone led to a fall in the value of shares of the Swiss bank Credit Suisse. In recent days, global events are reflected in the domestic foreign exchange market. There is an increase in volatility and a weakening of the national currency against the US dollar, which is complicated by the fall in oil prices to $73-74 per barrel. At the same time, the impact of local crises in US and Eurozone banks on the financial market of Uzbekistan is limited. The Group has assets in US and Eurozone banks. As of the date of issue of these consolidated financial statements, the management of the Group does not observe the impact of these events on the Group, and the Group regularly conducts stress testing, which allows it to predict the potential effect of such events on the financial position of the Group. According to the results of the latest stress testing, the margin of safety is sufficient and in the event of such scenarios, the Group's prudential standards will not be violated.
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June 23, 2023 02:00 ET (06:00 GMT)
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