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Welcome to ADVFN. We have designed this user manual to provide you all necessary information on how to use our website. This page will help you to get the most of all our tools and data we have put at your disposal.
First time on ADVFN or you require some understanding about a page? Please visit our Getting Started page. It will give you an overview of each main functionality we offer.
If you are a first-time user, please click on the “Register Now” link below and follow the steps for creating your ADVFN account.
If you are a returning user, simply click on the Login.
Simply create an account by clicking here. After entering your information, a confirmation email will be sent to you in order to activate your account. Once registered, you will be able to start enjoying our free tools such as monitor limited, charts, companies’ information…
Please note that you can use the site for free - and will sometimes get full real-time data as part of a pool - but the best way to unlock the full power of ADVFN is with a real-time subscription, which has no timeouts/interrupts.
The monitor allows you to track all your stocks on a same page. STEP 1: Where to find Monitor You can find Monitor by clicking MONITOR button in the header at the very top of the page. Monitor is the first button beside the ADVFN logo. Monitor can also be reached through the drop-down menu entitled SITE MAP under the advertising banner at the top of the page.
STEP 2: Starting a new Monitor IMPORTANT: Make sure you have enabled ADVFN popups on your browser.
1. Click on the 'Edit monitor lists' button: In the text field labelled 'Monitor name' enter the name of the new monitor you wish to create. 2. Enter the requested information and select “Create new monitor”. Please note that you must add at least ONE STOCK symbol in the 'Stocks' text field under “Monitor name”. A Confirmation popup will appear to confirm the stocks you've added, check the stocks and click OK. You will then be taken back to the Edit Monitor Lists page. Your new monitor will now be added to the table of monitor names on the left-hand side of the page. Click on the monitor’s name in the table to view your new monitor. You can create as many monitors as you want! When you're back on the Monitor page you can use the drop-down menu at the top left of the list of shares to select the various Monitors you've created.
STEP 3: Add a stock to a monitor / Delete a stock To add a stock type the symbol in the “Add Shares” box. (found at the top left of the list of stocks) and click on Add. Make sure the monitor you have on screen is the one you wish to add a stock to. To delete a stock, you can simply click on the red cross that appears at the end row of the stock.
STEP 4: Edit Columns To choose which columns of information you want your monitor to display, click on “Edit Columns.
The quote page allows you to have a general view of a stock. You can see the most important information about a stock such as the current price, the change price, the bid and offer…
To access this page, click on the second button QUOTE in the header at the very top of the page.
You can then enter the name of the stock you are searching for.
The quote page also gives you access to the most recent news about that stock, an overview of the charts, latest Message Board Discussions…
The ADVFN Live charts tracks prices and volumes history to help you determine if a stock is appreciating or depreciating in value. It also allows you to track stock prices in a graphical format, in real time. You can view data from 1-minute bars on intraday charts right up to 1 year bars on charts spread over decades.
You can compare other symbols against your chosen stock and view many indictors and oscillators on the stocks data.
You can draw lines and trends lines on the charts or scroll forwards and backwards through the stock's history.
You can also save your settings for next time, so once you're happy with your setup you won't need to set it up again.
To start using the charts, type the symbol of the instrument you want to look at into the box at the top left of the chart and hit the Draw button or Enter on your keyboard. You can then choose a time scale and start applying studies and drawing lines etc.
If you don't know the symbol for your chosen instrument, hit the Search link to the right of the symbol box.
Point and Figure charting served as an easy-to-draw by hand way to maintain large collections of charts in the age before computers. It is even easier to plot them now using a computer. While their appearance and method of plotting may seem alien at the first sight, you'll soon discover that they in no way lost their significance in identifying patterns, trend lines and support/resistance levels.
P&F chart consists of columns of 'X's and 'O's, individually named boxes, 'X's representing upward movement and 'O's downward. It has usual vertical price scale while its horizontal scale represents time with uneven increment. In general, time scale becomes more dense when there are less price movements and less dense when there are more. The best way to understand P&F charting is to plot a chart by hand. See the next section for an example.
P&F chart has two basic parameters, box size and reversal amount. Box size is expressed in price units and determines quantification of price changes. Reversal amount is number of boxes when price movement reverses on chart, which is represented by adding new column. Each column consists of either only 'X' or 'O' boxes, except for reversal = 1 (case described in Basic Usage). Box size selection generally depends on price range of data and larger reversal amount serves longer term patterns identification.
To use Point & Figure charts, enter symbol name (use Search button if necessary). Initially P&F chart displays daily data for one month from the current date. Using Settings and Date Range tabs in the top left corner you can change displayed period and data frequency (quantification). Frequency combo applies to Date Range selection, too, and its selected value is displayed on Date Range tab for reference. After you select period or date range, press Apply button on appropriate tab and chart will be rebuilt according to new settings.
When you are satisfied with period and frequency, you can tune two basic parameters of P&F chart - box size and reversal (see Understanding P&F Charts for explanation of their meaning). Generally, increasing the former makes the chart more detailed on both scales while increasing the latter makes it less detailed on time scale. Note that the time scale (horizontal) does not represent time linearly (see Understanding). Also note that when reversal value is 1 chart is made more condensed by merging columns consisting of only one box, e.g. 'X' with the next column of 'O's.
Finally, you can change scale in the Price Scale combo in order to fit the chart into the screen area without needing to scroll it or in order to make small details more visible. You can also use larger scale if you need more frequent date/time labelling.
If you click and drag mouse, you get 'rubber band' rectangle which will centre and zoom in the chart to your selected area after you release the mouse button. You can zoom it out by changing Price Scale to another scale.
Chart Studies are used by traders to identify trading opportunities. Built using stock's price movements, volume, and other historical information they attempt to look for patterns that may signal a switch in price trends.
The accumulation distribution is calculated by subtracting the close from the open, then dividing this by the high minus the low and multiplying that by the volume. It acts like on balance volume, but additionally contains a factor allowing it to describe how effective that volume has been in moving the price.
Accumulation Distribution can be used to find turning points in the market, which will be found when a divergence occurs, i.e. when the price makes a higher high than its last, but the Acc/Dst makes a lower high this time, or when the price makes a lower low than the last, but Acc/Dst makes a higher low.
To make a good signal, a moving average should be smooth but should not lag too much behind the price. Adaptive moving averages adjust their period or weightings in order to meet this objective.
Here we take a simple method of forming an adaptive moving average, by giving the current point a weighting of 1, and then reduce the weightings for each of the previous points every time there is a change in the price, but not in direction. Thus when the price is highly erratic the adaptive moving average defaults to a simple moving average, while if the price is going in one direction, it can be described as a weighted moving average with an exponential decline in weights.
Using the edit button you may adjust both the period and the amount that the weight declines by.
The adaptive moving average gives signals in much the same way as the weighted moving average, but should be much faster in identifying the end of a trend. A buy signal is generated when the price goes higher than the AMA, while a sell signal is generated when the price stays below the AMA.
The ADXR quantifies momentum change in the ADX. It is calculated by adding two values of ADX (the current value and a value n periods back), then dividing by two. This additional smoothing makes the ADXR slightly less responsive than ADX. The interpretation is the same as the ADX; the higher the value, the stronger the trend.
The Aroon positive line is drawn as the number of periods since the last high within a limited range of periods, and then normalized to be in the range of 0-100. The Aroon negative line is drawn as the number of periods since the last low within a range of periods and is similarly normalized to be in the range of 100-0. The Aroon Oscillator is just the positive line minus the negative line.
You may adjust the period over which the Aroon data is produced by using the edit button in the studies dialog.
The Aroon study is said to show a number of features of a stock’s movement. When the positive and negative line are moving close together, then the stock is not forming a definite trend. When the positive line falls below 50 an uptrend is failing and should be exited or sold. Similar in the negative line rises above 50 a downtrade is failing and should be exited or sold.
Another measure of volatility is the average true range. The average true range is the mean value of the difference between the high and low for each period. You may use the edit button to adjust the period over which the mean is calculated.
In a Bid Offer spread, the (highest) Bid and (lowest) offer prices for the period are plotted above and below the current price. The bid price is the highest price of any of the buy orders present in the market at the time, while the offer is the lowest price of any of the sell orders present in the market at the same time. Occasionally for a few minutes the bid becomes higher than ask, this happens when the volume of orders gets so high the trading room floor can't keep up.
In Bollinger bands the volatility (standard deviation) for the stock is plotted either side of the simple moving average (not plotted). The period of the moving average and standard deviation can be changed via the edit dialog.
The trading rule for Bollinger bands is that whenever the bands tighten into a small channel, we may soon expect a large movement in the stock price (in one direction of the other).
The Bollinger band width indicator charts the width of the Bollinger bands. When the Bollinger band width increases in value, it indicates that the volatility of the underlying stock has also increased.
This study plots the volumes bought and sold over each period. It provides the option to plot the MA of the difference in volume, or alternatively, the MA of the ratio of bought/sold volume.
This study is useful with a very short period, to monitor quick shifts in sentiment from buying to selling or vice versa, with the ratio version being useful to gauge sentiment outside of the size of volumes traded.
The CCI/MA Crossover test plots the CCI and Exponential Moving Average studies together. When the CCI passes over the EMA it is a signal to buy, and the reverse is a sell condition - these are denoted with the corresponding arrows on the main chart.
The CCI is calculated by first finding the typical price for the period TP, which is one third of the sum of the high, the low, and the close for the period. The average mean deviation in the typical prices, MDTP, is calculated for over n periods, as is the mean of the typical prices, MATP. The CCI is then defined as:
Using the edit tool you can adjust the period over which the means are generated, and you can also select modified CCI, in which the typical price is calculated as one third of the sum of the close for the current period plus the highest high and the lowest low in n periods.
CCI generates a buy signal, when it crosses from below -100 to above -100. Similar it generates a sell signal when it crosses from above 100 to below -100.
The Chaikin Money Flow Persistence indicator (CMFP) is an extension of the Chaikin Money Flow indicator. The CMFP ranges from zero to 100 and reflects how long Chaikin Money Flow stays positive throughout the selected period.
The higher the persistence, the longer the Chaikin Money Flow remains above zero, and the more evident that the market is under prolonged accumulation.
The Chaikin Volatility function determines the volatility of a security using the percentage change in a moving average of the high versus low price over a given time. It is most useful in conjunction with a moving average system or price envelopes.
The Period parameter determines the period for the moving average, while the ROC period parameter denotes the number of bars to use in the percentage change calculation.
Look for sharp increases in volatility prior to market tops and bottoms, followed by low volatility as the market loses interest.
The Chande Momentum Oscillator, developed by Tushar Chande was developed to capture what he calls ‘pure momentum.’ The CMO is closely related to, yet unique from, other momentum oriented indicators such as RSI, Stochastic, and Rate-of-Change. It is most closely related to Welles Wilder’s RSI, yet it differs in several ways:
With the studies tab of the charting tool selected you choose from many indicators and oscillators listed below to give you the best technical analysis possible. Pressing the edit button will bring up a window to edit the parameters of the studies (if any). If you think of any other studies you would fine useful, you can send feature requests to the charts section of the bulletin board.
The studies here are provided as informational help only, there are no guarantees that any of the trading methods suggested by them will generate profits.
Choppiness Index can be viewed as an indicator measuring the market's trendiness (the output being well below its average on the chart) versus the market's choppiness (the output being well above its average on the chart).
The basic idea is that when the market is heavily trending during the past N bars, the fractal dimension is close to one and the Choppiness Index is around zero. Conversely, when the choppiness index is high, the market is in choppy consolidation.
The Coppock Curve was developed by Edwin Sedgwick Coppock in 1962. Coppock reasoned that the market's emotional state could be determined by adding up the percentage changes over the recent past to get a sense of the market's momentum (and oscillators are generally momentum indicators). So if we compare prices relative to a year ago - which happens to be the most common interval - and we see that this month the market is up 15% over a year ago, last month it was up 12.5% over a year ago, and 10%, 7.5% and 5%, respectively, the months before that, then we may judge that the market is gaining momentum and, like a trader watching for the upward crossover of the moving average, we may jump into the market.
The principle of adaptation-level applies to how we judge our income levels, stock prices and virtually every other variable in our lives. Psychologically, relativity prevails...
The Coppock Curve is calculated as an Exponential Moving Average of the Rate of Change of a Simple Moving Average of the stock concerned. The periods of each of these may be manipulated independently.
The Delta Weighted Moving Average is an ADVFN exclusive study which provides a moving average, weighted according to the size of the price difference at any point. This provides an MA which is slow during periods of inactivity but responds exceptionally quickly to substantial changes in price.
The Detrended Price Oscillator (DPO) is an indicator that attempts to eliminate the trend in prices. Detrended prices allow you to more easily identify cycles and overbought/oversold levels.
Used to isolate short-term cycles, Detrended Price Oscillator compares closing price to a prior moving average, eliminating cycles longer than the moving average.
The real power of the Detrended Price Oscillator is in identifying turning points in longer cycles:
- When Detrended Price Oscillator shows a higher trough - expect an upturn in the intermediate cycle;
- When Detrended Price Oscillator experiences a lower peak - expect a downturn.
The Disparity Index, developed by Steve Nison, can be defined as the percentage variance of the latest close to a chosen moving average.
The Moving Average concerned can be selected from a Simple Moving Average, Exponential Moving Average, or Adaptive Moving Average, and the relevant period adjusted accordingly.
The directional movement indictor (DMI) contains three lines, positive direction, +DI, negative direction, -DI, and average directional movement indictor.
The +DI directional line is the average of the moves towards higher prices, that is the average (exponential moving averages) of the one period high minus the last periods high, or zero if the stock isn't moving upwards. It tracks how (if at all) fast the stock is moving upwards.
Similarly the -DI direction line, is the average of one period low minus the last periods low, providing the stock is moving downwards. It tracks how (if at all) slow the stock is moving downwards.
The ADX line is the exponential moving average of the positive difference between the two directional indictors divided by their sum. It tracks how strong the direction of the market is. Using Dr. Alexander Elder’s technique, we mark trading signals on the chart, which at the following times: Go Long, (green upward mark), when ADX rises while +DI is above -DI, provided the ADX started below -DI. Exit (Blue X) when ADX falls or -DI rises above +DI.
Similarly go Short, (red downward mark), when ADX rises while -DI is above +DI, provided the ADX started below +DI. Exit (Blue X) when ADX falls or +DI rises above -DI.
Using the edit button you can change the period for the moving averages, and you can also switch on and off the drawing of each of the three lines.
Donchian Channels plot the highest high in the last n periods and the lowest low in the last n periods in purple on the main chart. In addition, a middle line is plotted halfway between the high and the low lines.
The high and the low of the Donchian Channel may be good support and resistance points. In addition, the midline could be used similarly to a moving average, when the price is below the midline that may indicate a downtrend, while when the price is above the midline that may indicate uptrend.
The Exponential Moving Average of a ticker price at any period, is equal to the sum of a percentage %p of the current price together with a (100-p) % of the previous day’s prices. For the n-day EMA that percentage is 200/(n+1) %. As with the ordinary moving average you can adjust the number of periods n and offset the line by another number of periods.
The exponential moving average favours that newer periods over the older periods as compared with the ordinary or simple moving average. You trade it the same way as the ordinary moving average. When the EMA crosses above the price line it’s a good time to buy, while when it crosses below it is a good time to sell.
Kurtosis is a market sentiment indicator. Fast/Slow Kurtosis is a variation on regular Kurtosis derived from three parts - regular Kurtosis, Fast Kurtosis and Fast/Slow Kurtosis. The regular Kurtosis is identical to the separate Kurtosis study. The default period for this is 20.
The Fast Kurtosis is the exponential moving average of the current regular Kurtosis minus the previous period's regular Kurtosis. The default period for this exponential moving average is 66.
The fast/Slow Kurtosis is the Fast Kurtosis smoothed with a simple Moving Average. The default period for this is 3.
The Fractal Dimension study measures the dimensionality of the signal over time. It is a measure of how "complicated" a self-similar figure is. Mathematically, it equates to:
FD(n) = log(PathLength) / log(AbsoluteLength) where PathLength is the sum of all distances within the signal between the current point and n points ago, and AbsoluteLength is the direct distance between the current point and n points ago. The Fractal Dimension will tend toward 1.0 when the signal approaches a straight line, and increases along with its volatility. It is useful in spotting consolidations ahead of a price move.
This study plots the moving averages of both the high of each period for the selected epic, and the low of each period as well.
In the Histogram study, the volume traded at in price range is plotted on the left-hand side of the chart. There are no parameters to edit.
Histograms are often used to find prices of support or resistance. At such level the volume becomes high as the buyers and sellers are fighting particularly hard overs these areas.
Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is a phrase in Japanese which translates as "Chart Equilibrium at a glance". it is a charting technique developed by a Japanese journalist, Goichi Hosoda, who wrote under the name "Ichimoku Sanjin" prior to World War II. It provides an indication of where the market is headed, and entry and exit points.
The Ichimoku consists of many different indicators which work with one another, these are very similar to moving averages and are based on high and low prices. These indicators are:
Tenkan Sen: the "conversion line", an average of the highest high and lowest low over 9 periods. (Red) Kijun Sen: the "base line", similar to the Tenkan Sen but based over 26 periods. (Brown) Chikou Sen: the lagging price, 26 periods ago. (Pink) Senkuo Span: the shaded area between the two Senkuo lines. The first Senkuo line is (Tenkan-Sen + Kijun-Sen) / 2, plotted 26 periods ahead. The second Senkuo line is (Highest High + Lowest Low) / 2, for the past 52 periods, plotted 26 periods ahead. The area between these not only defines the trend but acts as support and resistance for price. This leads the current time by 26 periods. (Green/Blue shaded area)
There are many indications Ichimoku helps with. In general, if price is above the Senkuo span, then the trend is higher, and vice versa. Tenkan Sen crossing above the Kijun Sen is a bullish signal and below is bearish. The positions of Tenkan Sen and Kijun Sen with respect to the span is also important - if the price 26 periods ago is below the Chikou Sen and a sell signal occurs, it is a stronger signal than had it been above the close of 26 periods ago, and again vice versa.
Ichimoku uses three key time periods for its input parameters: 9, 26, and 52. When Ichimoku was created back in the 1930s, a trading week was 6 days long. These parameters, thus, represent one and a half weeks, one month, and two months, respectively. Now that the trading week is 5 days, one may want to modify the parameters to 7, 22, and 44. You can do this by editing the study parameters to 7 and 22 - the third parameter is always double the second (ie 52 when it is 26, or 44 when it is 22).
This study is the property of Jörg Christian Manetti, to find out more visit http://www.jorgchristianmanetti.com/
Keltner Channels were developed by Chester W. Keltner. They have a mid-band based on the average of the high, low and closing price with a band on each side formed from the 10-moving average of the daily high minus the daily low. This would be represented as:
Average Price (AP) = (C+H+L)/3 Band Moving Average = 10 Day Simple Moving Average (SMA) of (High – Low) Middle Moving Average = 10 Day SMA of AP Upper Band = Middle Moving Average + Band MA Lower Band = Middle Moving Average – Band MA
Originally, Keltner had his system buy when the close exceed the upper channel and sell when the close was below the lower channel. Basically, penetration exceeding the channels showed a strong bullish or bearish momentum and presumably the momentum would continue.
However, there is no reason why the Keltner Channel cannot be interpreted the same way as other price envelopes such as Bollinger Bands. When using Bollinger Bands ninety five percent of price movement occurs within the bands. The upper and lower bands are considered as extremes of the price movement and are a warning that price exhaustion may be occurring. Buy signals occur when the price is below the lower band and sell signals occur when the price exceeds the upper band. The default period is 10, this can be changed in the Edit box provided.
Kurtosis is a measure of the variation of stock price around its mean. It is a measure of how peaked or spiky a ticker’s movement around its mean is. Symbols which have more extreme movements outside of its standard range than would be expected from its volatility have high Kurtosis.
The chart will resolve out the spikes in a ticker symbol’s motion. It is defined as by summing the fourth power of difference between the current price and the simple moving average over n-periods of time, and dividing by the number of periods, then dividing this by the fourth power of the standard deviation. It is the fourth statistical moment of the ticker symbols motion.
You may change the period over which the Kurtosis is by calculated pressing the edit button.
The Level 2 Scope provides a realtime visual representation of the full Level 2 Order book as a histogram, overlayed on top of the chart. This updates whenever there is a change in the Level 2 price information. The colouring and prices displayed are the same as the "Summary" mode on the Level 2 order book.
The width of the bar corresponds to the volume of stock available at that level within the order book, and the price is the edge of the bar nearest the current price, i.e., the lower edge of the offers, and the upper edge of the bids. Obviously, the current spread is equal to the spacing between the two bars closest to the current price.
One can edit the maximum width of the bars, and also the total number of "positions" displayed.
Any stock for which the user has Level 2 access can be viewed with the Level 2 Scope study - if you do not have access to that information for that stock, or there is no Level 2 information for the stock, nothing will be displayed.
This study tracks the entire order book, and so uses more bandwidth than a regular chart. For watching a particularly active order book (eg, NASDAQ: GOOG) a broadband connection is recommended. It will also take a few seconds to display once selected, depending on your connection.
For MM stocks, the width of the bars displays the ratio of Market Makers offering to buy or sell at that particular point, so a wider bar indicates more MMs at that price.
In statistics, linear regression is a method of estimating the conditional expected value of one variable y given the values of some other variable or variables x. Regression, in general, is the problem of estimating a conditional expected value.
The Linear Regression study analyses the data on-screen (not any data off screen) and, by the method of least squares, plots the straight line that best fits the visible data with the formula:
where Sx is the sum of X at each position, Sxy is the sum of X x Y at each position, and so forth.
The Linear Regression Detrended Price calculates the Linear regression of the visible data, the detrends the price by its result, plotting the price without the trend. This is useful to observe how a signal is moving around a perceived trend.
For more information on how the Linear Regression is calculated, please see the help notes for the Linear Regression study.
The MACD histogram of a stock is formed by plotting the difference between subtracting a long period or slow (exponential) moving average from a shorter period (exponential) moving average, and the moving average of this line itself, as a histogram. The histogram is also available with the addition of the two lines denoted above as the MACD study.
The MACD of a stock, is formed by subtracting a long period or slow (exponential) moving average, from a shorter period (exponential) moving average. This is plotted as the red line. We plot the moving average of the MACD line itself as the blue or slow line. Finally we plot the difference between the fast and slow lines as a histogram around the origin.
The MACD is often interpreted one of three ways:
Using the cross between the fast and slow lines, when the fast line crosses above the slow line, that is a bullish (buy) signal, when the fast line below the slow line, that is a bearish (sell) signal.
Centerline cross over. It is bullish when the MACD line crosses to above the zero line, and bearish when is crosses below the zero line.
Finally Divergence. When the MACD moves in the opposite direction to the stocks trend, it may indicate that the trend is over.
The Moving Average Envelopes show the deviance around the simple Moving Average for a particular period, useful for observing when a security moves within or outside of a certain percentage difference of the moving average.
Both the MA period (defaulting to 9) and the deviance (as a percentage, defaulting to 2%) parameters are configurable.
The Mass Index is computed as the sum over a bigger number of periods (the slow period), of the exponential moving average over the fast periods divided by the exponential moving average of the exponential moving average.
Using the edit button you can change both the fast and slow periods.
The signal to look for is a reversal bulge, in which the Mass Index rises above 27 and then falls below 26.5, which indicates a reversal is due. If you see one of these signals you should buy if the EMA was moving downwards or sell if was moving upwards.
The momentum of a stock is the difference between the price now and the price a number of periods ago. The momentum study clearly indicates how fast the stock is moving upwards or downwards.
You may change the period of the momentum, that is how long ago to take price from.
When the momentum of a symbol’s trend starts to fall off, it may indicate that the trend is about to end.
The Money flow is defined by dividing the moving average of the Accumulation/Distribution of a symbol, by the moving average of the volume.
The period of the moving average may be chosen by the edit button on the studies dialog.
The Money flow is traded similarly to the Chaikin money flow, but should avoid possible double signals. The Chaikin money flow is often used to confirm breakouts, if a breakout above a resistance level occur, the Chaikin money flow should have a positive value before you follow it. Similarly, the money flow should be negative is you are going to follow a breakdown below a support level.
The Moving Average of a stock for each period is calculated as the average price over the last n-periods. You can select the number of periods from the dialog that appears when you click the edit study button. You can also offset the results backwards by a entering the number of periods in the offset box.
When the moving average crosses above the current price it may be a good time to buy, when the moving average crosses below the current it may be a good time to sell.
On Balance Volume is the running cumulative total of the volumes in each upwards moving period minus the volume in each downward moving period.
Because it is the cumulative the absolute value of the On Balance Volume depends on where you start.
If the price is trapping in a range, rising OBV suggests a upwards breakout, while falling OBV suggests a downwards breakout.
In a market that is trending upwards (downwards), watch out for successively lower (higher) peaks of OBV, as such a divergence often indicates that the trend is due to end.
Parabolic SAR (Stop and Reverse) is simple trading system. In an uptrend the SAR starts at the lowest low during the previous downtrend, a parabolaist drawn at that level starting at the current date, each time the ticker reaches a new high the curve accelerates towards the current price. When the SAR touches the bars of the stock price, the trend is deemed to be over, and a new SAR is drawn moving in the opposite direction starting at highest high in the previous uptrend.
The path length is calculated by added the lengths of each of the lines connecting either last period’s close to open to low to high to close, or close to open to high to low to close, whichever is the highest. The vertical (price) step is scaled so that the average movement (along the whole of the chart) has a length of 1. And this quantity is divided by four so that one time period moving with a price movement in a straight line, has a path length of 1.
Since the variation in the path length is very rapid, we smooth it using a (simple) moving average of a given period, which may be edited using the edit dialog box.
The path length shows how wiggly the symbol’s price movement is at any time, and is related to the fractal dimension of the symbol movement.Sudden jumsp in path length signal a period of rapid changes in price, which may precede a reverse of a trend.
The Point and Figure study overlays a point and figure chart on top of the current data. As this is a time-independent study, boxes may appear different widths as they adjust to occurrences in the data, irrespective of time.
The two configurable elements of the point and figure study determine its behaviour - Box Size, and Reversal. The Box Size indicates how many points take up a single box (an X or an O). Point and Figure always uses full boxes, so a difference in value of half the box size will not draw another box.
The second element is Reversal - this indicates the number of Box Sizes that the signal needs to follow against the current trend, to break that trend. There is more analysis of the Point and Figure charts under this link.
The Point and Figure study stretches to fill whatever data you are currently viewing, and when you either start it or change your viewing frequency (e.g. from daily to monthly) it will attempt to recalculate itself to the most sensible values for Box Size and Reversal - you can tailor these by clicking the Edit button next to the study and entering the values manually.
The Price Oscillator is produced by subtracting a slower moving average of the symbol’s price from a faster moving average of symbol’s price.
You can edit the period of the moving averages using edit button in the studies tab.The price oscillator can be used to detect trends, when it crosses above zero it is bullish, while when it falls below zero it is bearish.
The rate of change displays the momentum of the symbol as a percentage. It is calculated by subtracting the price a number of periods ago, from current price, dividing by the price a number of periods ago, and then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage.
You can change the period of the rate of change indicator using the edit button.
Rate of Change is traded exactly the same way as momentum, look for a divergence between the rate of change and the movement of a symbols trend, to indicate a possible end to the trend.
The Returns study plots the logarithm of one day return on owning the symbol, that is the logarithm of this period’s prices divided by the last period’s price.
If there is an overlay present when the Returns study is selected the difference in returns between the two symbols will be displayed.
The Relative Strength Index of a stock is calculated by separating the upwards moves from the downwards moves and taking the exponential moving average of each. We EMA of the upwards movements by the downwards movements calling this the relative strength and plot this figure as a percentage by plot 100-100/ 1+RS).
The relative strength thus compares the number and strength of the up days to the down days. When the RSI is above 70, the market is said to be overbought, and due for a pullback, while when the RSI is below 30, the market is said to be oversold and due for a pullback.
The typically way to trade RSI, so to go long when the RSI is below 30 and then moves above it, or when a RSI forms a higher low than its last below 30.
Similarly we can go short, when the RSI is above 70, and fall below it, or when RSI forms a lower high than its last above 70.
If you draw a chart of the frequency of a symbol’s deviation around its mean value, the skew measures how tilted this is in one direction or the other. Using the skew on the chart will pick out regions trending upwards, as a positive signal, and downwards as a negative signal.
More technically the Skew of a distribution is defined as the sum of the cube of the differences between each value and its mean, divided by the number of values and divided again standard deviation cubed.
Using the edit button you can change the period over which the skew is calculated and you can also select using the mean to have the half the period ahead of the current point, by selected forward skew.
Just as Bollinger bands plot the standard deviation of the price of ticker either side of the its mean, Skew Bands attempts to plot both the standard deviation and skew around the mean.
First it finds the simple movement average of the prices of a period, it then uses this value to find the standard deviation and skew of the prices over that period, and then it fits a smooth probability distribution using these values, it plots contours at the points where the probability distribution reaches 5/6 (purple) 2/3 (blue) 1/2 (cyan) 1/3 (green) or 1/6 (yellow), of its peak value.
Skew Bands thus predict that price will be inside the purple bands 1/6 of the time, between the blue bands 1/3 of the time, between the cyan bands 1/2 of the time, the green bands 2/3 of the time and the yellows bands 5/6 of the time. Since the skew has a definite direction, the bands are not symmetrical and thus point out peaks in a particular direction.
Using the edit button, you can change the number of percentiles plotted, you can change the period, and finally you can change whether or not the mean, skew and std, are calculated using the final point of the bars, or the central point.
Using the final point, Skew Bands look similar to Bollinger Bands. Using the central point, Skew Bands follow the stock’s movements a lot better.
The Std Deviation study plots the size of the standard deviation of the data over the given period. The standard deviation is the most common measure of statistical dispersion. Simply put, standard deviation measures how spread out the values in a data set are. More precisely, it is a measure of the average distance of the data values from their mean. If the data points are all close to the mean, then the standard deviation will be low (closer to zero). If many data points are very different from the mean, then the standard deviation is high (further from zero). If all the data values are equal, then the standard deviation will be zero. There is no maximum value, although it will be limited by the data set.
The Stochastics chart draws two lines, the faster line is formed by comparing the last closing price to recent trading range, that is the highest high in the last n-periods minus the lowest low in the same period. The slower line is formed by smoothing the fast line with a moving average.
You may also choose slow stochastics, in which we plot the smoothed slower line above as the fast line on the plot, and we then take a moving average of this line as the slow line.
Additionally, you can go for full stochastic analysis by altering the third parameter from the default, which provides a "smoothing factor" for the fast line, applying a simple Moving Average over the relevant period of this line.
The signals in Stochastic are: Buy when the stochastics are below 20% (oversold), and either move back above 20% or form a higher low than its previous low. Or buy when the fast line crosses above the slow line. Similar, sell when the stochastics are above 80% (overbought), and either move down below 80% or form a low high than is previous high. Or sell when the fast line crosses below the slow line.
StochRSI is an oscillator used to identify overbought and oversold readings in RSI. As RSI can go for long periods without passing the overbought (70) or oversold (30) thresholds, StochRSI provides an alternative to identify these conditions.
StochRSI is found by applying the Stochastics formula to RSI readings. It measures the value of RSI relative to its high/low range over a set number of periods. When RSI records a new low for the set period, StochRSI will be at 0. When RSI records a new high for the set period, StochRSI will be at 100.
The Chaikin Money Flow for a stock is just a moving average of Accumulation Distribution for the stock. You may use the edit button to select the period over which the moving average is calculated and choose the moving average type simple or exponential.
The Chaikin Money Flow is often used to confirm breakouts, if a breakout above a resistance level occurs, the Chaikin Money Flow should have a positive value before you follow it. Similarly, the money flow should be negative is you are going to follow a breakdown below a support level.
The Chaikin Oscillator is produced by subtracting a slow-moving average of the Accumulation/Distribution, from a faster moving average of the Accumulation/ Distribution.
You may use the edit button to choose the number of periods over which the averages are generated, and you may also choose between using simple moving averages and exponential moving averages.
The simplest use of the Chaikin Oscillator is to trade on divergences. A bullish signal is generated when the Chaikin Oscillator is divergent from the symbol price, i.e. makes a second low high than the first, while the stock price has made a lower low.
Similar a bearish signal is generated when the price makes two higher highs, but the Chaikin Oscillator makes a new high lower than the last.
The three line break chart is similar in concept to point and figure charts, being a time-independent plotting of trends and reversals. The decision criteria for determining reversals are somewhat different from the PnF chart, however; a new rising line is drawn if the previous high is exceeded, or a new falling line is drawn if the price hits a new low.
The term "three line break" comes from the criterion that the price has to break the high or low of the previous three lines in order to reverse and create a line of the opposite colour. This rule applies only if the price has been trending for three lines or more - if there are less than three continuous bars, the range to be broken through is just the last bar.
The bars may be of variable width, as they only form a new bar when the above criteria are fulfilled. Generally the width of the bar is ignored, and the number of bars is considered more important.
This is simply a study that gives you three MA lines in one study, to allow you to use more different studies on a chart at once.
There are three lines available, each with a period and an offset, and the selection between SMA and EMA available.
The True Strength Indicator is a technical momentum indicator that helps traders determine trend as well as overbought and oversold conditions of a security by incorporating the short-term purchasing momentum of the market with the lagging benefits of moving averages.
A variation of the Relative Strength Index, developed by William Blau, it uses a differencing function to measure momentum and an averaging function to correlate the momentum to the price trend. In other words, the indicator combines the leading characteristic of a differencing momentum calculation with the lagging characteristic of an averaging function to create an indicator that reflects price direction and is in sync with market turns.
The averaging function used to create the TSI is called ‘double smoothing,’ a process by which a first exponential moving average (EMA) is applied to the data (in this case, momentum), and then a second shorter-term EMA is applied to the result of the first EMA calculation. The result is a smoother line that introduces less lag than a single EMA with a longer period length. The formula for the TSI is:
TSI(close,r,s) = 100xEMA(EMA(mtm,r),s)/EMA(EMA(|mtm|,r),s)
where
mtm = closetoday closeyesterday
EMA(mtm,r) = exponential moving average of mtm with period length = r
EMA(EMA(mtm,r),s) = exponential moving average of EMA(mtm,r) with period length = s
|mtm| = absolute value of mtm
r = first period (default 25)
s = second period (default 13)
Trades:
The column "Num" defines the position of the transaction in the day's transactions.
The column "Exch" indicates the exchange market where the transactions happened.
The column "Price" is the price the transaction has been exchanged for.
The column "Size" indicates the number of shares that has been exchanged.
The column "Type” corresponds to the type of trade.
Please click here to read more information regarding all different type of trades for the London Stock exchange
The column "Bid” represents the asking price.
The column "Offer” represents the selling price.
The column "Time” indicates the time the transaction happened (or sometimes the time brokers sent the request).
The column "Buy”: When the price is close to the offer, the transaction is considered as a Buy – shown in colour blue
The column "Sell”: When the price is close to the bid, the transaction is considered as a Sell – shown in colour red
The column "?”: When the price is between the bid and offer, the transaction will appear in the “?” column as it cannot be identified as a buy or sell – shown in colour black (or green on the ADVFN application).
The column "Buy Vol.” represents the total of buy for the day
The column "Sell Vol.” represents the total of sell for the day
The column "? Vol.” represents the total of unknown for the day.
Important: Trade definitions are based on the mid-price and are indicative only.
The order book data allows you to see what is going on behind the bid and offer. It also allows you to see at what prices other traders and investors want to buy and sell a share and how many shares they want. It will all appear in the order book.
The market makers stand ready with ask and bid prices on stocks throughout the entire trading day. This is one of the most useful tools you can have at your disposal!
To access the Alerts page, click on the “Alert” tab at the top of the page
Our alert tool suite offers multiple types of alert options for share prices, breaking news, and breakouts. Each is customisable to your stocks and alert preferences.
Click on the “News Tab” at the top of ADVFN website
It will take you to the “News Summary” where you will see every company’s report released on the day from the London Stock Exchange. You will see RNS from the big movers on the market and some categories broken into sectors of activities (Financial, mining, energy etc..).
One of our most clever tools is the Highlight phrase/words. To Access it, click on “Highlight Phrases”.
You can then fill in up to 20 words/phrases that you wish to highlight and chose 1 out of the 5 colours.
Whenever the word appears in a company report, it will be highlighted in your chosen colour.
With the news scanner, you can track the news headlines that matter the most to you. You can create some filters based on your chosen keywords and favourite
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