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JARJ Jardine Matheson Holdings Ld

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0.00 (0.00%)
Share Name Share Symbol Market Type Share ISIN Share Description
Jardine Matheson Holdings Ld LSE:JARJ London Ordinary Share BMG507361001 ORD US$0.25(JERSEY REG)
  Price Change % Change Share Price Bid Price Offer Price High Price Low Price Open Price Shares Traded Last Trade
  0.00 0.00% 0.00 -
Industry Sector Turnover Profit EPS - Basic PE Ratio Market Cap
Real Estate Agents & Mgrs 36.05B 686M 2.3655 26.42 18.13B

Jardine Strategic Hldgs Ltd 2018 Preliminary Announcement of Results (3291R)

28/02/2019 9:25am

UK Regulatory


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TIDMJDS TIDMJAR

RNS Number : 3291R

Jardine Strategic Hldgs Ltd

28 February 2019

To: Business Editor 28th February 2019

For immediate release

The following announcement was issued today to a Regulatory Information Service approved by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom.

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited

2018 Preliminary Announcement of Results

Highlights

   --    Underlying earnings per share* up 16% 
   --    Full-year dividend up 6% 
   --    Astra, Hongkong Land and Jardine Cycle & Carriage performed well 
   --    Dairy Farm Food business restructuring and repositioning announced 
   --    Conditional sale of Jardine Lloyd Thompson 

"After a good performance in 2018 driven primarily by Astra, Hongkong Land and Jardine Cycle & Carriage, we expect the Group to face more challenging conditions in 2019 due to economic uncertainties affecting consumer sentiment and commodity prices."

Ben Keswick, Chairman and Managing Director

Results

 
                                          Year ended 31st December 
                                                         2018              2017        Change 
                                                          US$m             US$m             % 
                                                                           Restated 
--------------------------------------------------  --------------  ----------------  ------- 
  Gross revenue including 100% of 
   Jardine Matheson, associates and 
   joint ventures                                           92,348            83,001      +11 
  Revenue                                                   34,094            30,848      +11 
  Underlying profit* before tax                              4,712             4,040      +17 
  Underlying profit* attributable 
   to shareholders                                           1,784             1,570      +14 
  Profit attributable to shareholders                        1,836             4,305      -57 
                                                               US$               US$        % 
                                                    --------------  ---------------- 
  Underlying earnings per share*                              3.14              2.71      +16 
  Earnings per share                                          3.23              7.44      -57 
  Dividends per share                                         0.34              0.32       +6 
  Net asset value per share(#)                               68.46             59.08      +16 
* The Group uses 'underlying profit' in its internal financial 
 reporting to distinguish between ongoing business performance 
 and non-trading items, as more fully described in note 40 
 to the financial statements. Management considers this to 
 be a key measure which provides additional information to 
 enhance understanding of the Group's underlying business performance. 
 The accounts have been restated due to changes in accounting 
 policies upon adoption of IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments' and 
 IFRS 15 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers', as set out 
 in note 1 to the financial statements. 
 (#) Net asset value per share is calculated on a market value 
 basis. 
 
 

The final dividend of USc24 per share will be payable on 15th May 2019, subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting to be held on 9th May 2019, to shareholders on the register of members at the close of business on 15th March 2019 and will be available in cash with a scrip alternative.

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited

Preliminary Announcement of Results

For The Year Ended 31st December 2018

Overview

The Group produced a good overall result for the year, with underlying net profit up 14% compared with the prior year. There were strong performances from Astra and Hongkong Land, as well as an improved performance from Jardine Cycle & Carriage's non-Astra businesses, while Dairy Farm and Jardine Matheson's directly held businesses were relatively flat against the prior year.

Performance

The Group's gross revenue for 2018, including 100% of revenue from Jardine Matheson, associates and joint ventures, rose by 11% from US$83.0 billion to US$92.3 billion, while the Group's consolidated revenue for 2018 was US$34.1 billion, an increase of 11%. Underlying profit before tax for the year was up 17% at US$4,712 million. The underlying profit attributable to shareholders increased by 14% to US$1,784 million, with underlying earnings per share 16% higher at US$3.14.

Net profit including non-trading items for the year was US$1,836 million, which included the Group's US$719 million share of the net gain in property valuations - principally arising from Hongkong Land's investment properties in Hong Kong - offset by the Group's US$352 million share of a restructuring charge in respect of Dairy Farm's Southeast Asia Food business and a net loss of US$377 million due to unrealised fair value losses related to non-current investments. This compares with US$4,305 million in 2017, which reflected the Group's US$2,326 million share of increases in property valuations and US$409 million of other net non-trading gains.

Within Jardine Matheson's directly-held businesses, Jardine Pacific saw higher contributions from Jardine Schindler and JEC, and a steady performance at Gammon, offset by weaker performances by Jardine Restaurants and HACTL. There was a higher contribution from the interest in Greatview, which was acquired in June 2017. Jardine Motors' business in Hong Kong and Macau produced steady earnings, but weaker performances were recorded in mainland China and the United Kingdom. Jardine Lloyd Thompson delivered both revenue and profit growth, with particularly good organic growth in its Global Specialty division.

Hongkong Land produced a record performance with continuing earnings strength from investment properties. The contribution from development properties in mainland China was broadly in line with last year, while higher profits were recognised in Singapore.

At Dairy Farm, while results in four out of five business formats showed improvement, the structural challenges in Food continued to erode performance at an increased rate. Overall sales increased and underlying net profit was up from the prior year, which had included costs incurred for the exit from various underperforming stores and stock clearance in the Southeast Asia Food business. Results in 2018 benefitted from particularly strong results from the Health and Beauty business and an increased contribution from Convenience stores, which were offset by further deterioration in performance from the Food business led by the supermarket and hypermarket formats. A significant (largely non-cash) restructuring charge was incurred in respect of the Southeast Asia Food business following the completion of a detailed strategic review, which concluded that Southeast Asia Food was not viable in its current form.

Mandarin Oriental delivered a good performance for the year, notably in Hong Kong and Singapore. Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London is on schedule to reopen fully in April 2019.

In Southeast Asia, Jardine Cycle & Carriage saw an improvement in its performance over the prior year, with strong results in its Direct Motor Interests and Other Strategic Interests. Thaco performed well, due mainly to higher unit sales and improved margins. There was an increase in profits at Siam City Cement due to an improved domestic performance and lower one-off expenses, and Jardine Cycle & Carriage received a first full year of dividends in respect of its stake in Vinamilk.

Astra achieved record results in local currency terms in 2018 and grew its revenues and income over 2017, with increased contributions from its heavy equipment, mining, construction and energy, and financial services businesses, which more than offset a lower contribution from the agribusiness segment. Astra continues to expand in the toll roads, energy, minerals and property areas and is also now focussing on providing digital financial services.

The Group's financial position remains strong with shareholders' funds up 3% at US$31.5 billion at the year end. Consolidated net debt excluding financial services companies was US$6 billion at 31st December 2018, representing gearing of 10%, up from 6% at the end of 2017 due to investments in the year by its businesses, including Hongkong Land projects and the acquisition of a gold mine in Indonesia by United Tractors.

The Board is recommending a final dividend of USc24 per share, which produces a full-year dividend of USc34 per share, up 6% from the prior year.

Strategic Developments

The Group has a unique advantage in having a strong presence in two of the fastest growing regions in the world: Greater China and Southeast Asia.

Greater China provides the largest contribution to the Group, underpinned by the Group's significant presence in Hong Kong. Mainland China is also a key market for the Group, making a 15% contribution to profits in the year, and the Group is focused on growing its businesses there further. Hongkong Land is making good progress in finding new development sites there, with a total of six new sites secured in 2018. WF CENTRAL, its luxury retail and hotel complex in Beijing, which was opened in late 2017, is performing in line with expectations and the Mandarin Oriental in Beijing is scheduled to open in the coming weeks. The Group's affiliates in mainland China, Zhongsheng and Yonghui, both had a very good year in their underlying businesses.

Southeast Asia is the other area of key focus for the Group. During the year Astra made a US$150 million investment in GOJEK, Indonesia's leading multi-platform technology group, in order to accelerate the group's digital initiatives. Astra also formed a joint venture in June 2018 with WeLab to provide mobile lending products. Hongkong Land secured six new projects in the region, in Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines.

In both mainland China and Southeast Asia, the Group is fortunate that significant long-term consumption growth is forecast, particularly from the growing and increasingly affluent middle class. This plays to the strengths of the Group's businesses, which are associated with some of the world's top brands.

To take advantage of this, the Group continues to invest for growth and to pursue its strategy of building significant stakes in strong companies that are benefitting from the opportunities offered by the economic development of the region and the growth of the middle classes. The Group's aim is to be the partner of choice for associates or joint ventures and to grow those businesses over time by developing strong relationships which add value through the Group's role as a supportive shareholder to entrepreneurs or leading management teams.

The sale of the Group's interest in Jardine Lloyd Thompson to Marsh & McLennan Companies is expected to complete in Spring 2019, conditional upon regulatory approvals. The proceeds of some US$2 billion from this sale will further enhance the Group's ability to take advantage of opportunities in its core markets across Asia.

Following the completion of a detailed strategic review by Dairy Farm, a transformation programme is now underway and, given its scale and complexity, is likely to take several years to complete. A new leadership team, including enhanced functional leadership in key disciplines, is in place and is implementing a series of strategic business priorities, including reorganising the businesses into a new streamlined and centralised structure with North Asia and Southeast Asia Divisions. Decisive action is also being taken to transform the supermarket and hypermarket business, especially in Southeast Asia, in order to reset and reposition it so that it can compete more effectively.

Dairy Farm's investment in key strategic partnerships also continues to deliver good returns, with Maxim's and Yonghui both enjoying sales growth and profit expansion in their core operations during the year. The group also entered into a partnership with Robinsons Retail in the Philippines and took full ownership of Rose Pharmacy.

Following a review by Mandarin Oriental of the strategic options for the future of The Excelsior in Hong Kong, the decision has been taken to close the hotel from 31st March 2019 and redevelop it as a commercial property, with the project expected to complete in 2025. The group signed and announced seven new management contracts in the year. In 2019 the group has opened its first two hotels in the Middle East, in Doha and Dubai.

The group's first property in Beijing, Mandarin Oriental Wangfujing, is expected to open in the coming weeks as well as potentially a second hotel in Beijing in the next 12 months.

Our existing businesses remain focused on accelerating the transition to the digital economy. The Group is also benefitting from the increasing adoption of technology to support internal initiatives, as it focuses on meeting its customers' expectations as they change and providing them with the best possible service.

People

The strong performances across our businesses in 2018 are a reflection of the hard work, dedication and professionalism of the Group's employees, for which we are most grateful. Julian Hui and Dr George Koo retired from the Board at the Company's Annual General Meeting in May 2018. We would like to thank them both for their significant contribution to the Company over many years. We welcomed Lord Powell of Bayswater to the Board in May 2018.

Sir Henry Keswick retired from the Board on 31st December 2018. We would like to record our gratitude for the significant contribution he made over many decades, through his experience, insight and advice, to the development of the Group.

Business Review

Jardine Matheson

Jardine Matheson achieved an underlying profit before tax for the year of US$4,931 million, an increase of 15%. The underlying profit attributable to shareholders was up 10% at US$1,703 million, with underlying earnings per share were also 10% higher at US$4.53. The profit attributable to shareholders for the year was US$1,732 million, benefitting mainly from an increase in the value of Hongkong Land's investment property portfolio, offset by a restructuring charge relating to Dairy Farm's Southeast Asia food business and the net loss due to unrealised fair value losses related to non-current investments. This compares with US$3,943 million in 2017, which benefitted from increases in property values.

   --    Jardine Pacific 

Jardine Pacific produced an underlying net profit of US$164 million, which was slightly higher than 2017. The net profit after non-trading gains was US$187 million.

Within its engineering and construction activities, Jardine Schindler and JEC both performed well, with JEC seeing strong profit growth from its Hong Kong engineering operations. Gammon's performance was broadly in line with last year and its order book remains strong. Jardine Restaurants reported a lower result overall due to challenging trading conditions in Taiwan and Vietnam which more than offset an improved performance in Hong Kong. HACTL's results were impacted by the loss of a significant customer but cargo throughput growth was in line with market.

Hong Kong-listed Greatview, in which a 28% stake was acquired by the Company in June 2017, saw steady growth in both mainland China and internationally.

   --    Jardine Motors 

Jardine Motors produced an underlying net profit in 2018 of US$175 million, 5% lower than the same period in 2017. After taking into account non-trading gains, the net profit was US$177 million.

Zung Fu in mainland China reported lower profit due to reduced margins despite higher new car sales. Hong Kong and Macau achieved strong new car sales. The United Kingdom dealerships reported weaker results, with lower vehicle unit sales.

The Group also benefitted from a strong contribution from Zhongsheng, one of mainland China's leading motor dealership groups, reflecting increased sales and better margins through to the end of the first six months of the year. Results for the full year, which have not yet been announced, will be included in the Group's 2019 results. The Company holds a 20% shareholding in Zhongsheng .

   --    Jardine Lloyd Thompson 

JLT's total revenue for 2018 was US$1,931 million, an increase of 5% in its reporting currency, with 5% organic growth. Underlying profit before tax was up 25% in its reporting currency at US$311 million. After adjusting for the costs of a business transformation programme which the group began in the year and on conversion into US dollars, JLT's contribution to the Group's underlying profit in 2018 was 16% higher than in 2017.

During the year JLT undertook a reorganisation into three global divisions - Reinsurance, Specialty and Employee Benefits. All three global divisions achieved organic revenue growth year on year, including organic revenue growth of 7% in Global Specialty.

The recommended cash acquisition by Marsh & McLennan Companies, which was announced in September 2018 and approved by shareholders in November 2018, is expected to complete in Spring 2019, subject to regulatory approvals. The Group will receive net proceeds of US$2.1 billion for its stake, with an estimated gain of US$1.5 billion.

Hongkong Land

Hongkong Land achieved a second consecutive year of record underlying profit, with a 9% increase to US$1,036 million. There were strong performances from both investment properties and development properties. The profit attributable to shareholders of US$2,457 million included net revaluation gains of US$1,421 million recorded on its investment properties, principally in Hong Kong. This compares to US$5,614 million in 2017, which included net revaluation gains of US$4,667 million. The group remains well-financed with net debt of US$3.6 billion at the year end, up from US$2.5 billion at the end of 2017. Net gearing rose to 9%. Net debt will move modestly higher during the first half of 2019 for land purchases which have already been committed.

The investment properties portfolio benefitted from higher overall average rents and positive rental reversions in Hong Kong and Singapore. In the development properties business, the profit contribution from mainland China was broadly in line with the prior year, despite fewer units being handed over, but the attributable interest in contracted sales was 42% higher than 2017, due to a greater number of sales launches. Higher profits were recognised in Singapore following the completion of the 1,327-unit Sol Acres executive condominium development. A total of 12 new sites were secured for development during the year, including six projects in mainland China and projects in Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines. This compares with a total of 10 new projects in 2017.

Hongkong Land's Central office portfolio has experienced positive rental reversions. However Central office rental growth is moderating as demand, especially from mainland Chinese financial institutions, has slowed. The Hong Kong retail portfolio remains effectively fully occupied.

Dairy Farm

Most store formats reported improved performance in the year, with Health and Beauty delivering particularly strong results, but there was increasing weakness in Food. The performance of the Hong Kong Food business softened over the year and the supermarket and hypermarket business across Southeast Asia deteriorated further. Home Furnishings was broadly in line with the same period last year. Sales for the year by the group's subsidiaries were 4% higher than 2017 at US$11.7 billion. Total sales, including 100% of associates and joint ventures, were up marginally at US$22.0 billion.

The underlying profit attributable to shareholders was 5% higher at US$424 million as the previous year's results had included costs incurred for the exit from various underperforming stores and stock clearance in the Southeast Asia Food business.

Results include significantly higher store support centre costs reflecting the increased investment in management and functional capabilities necessary to take the business forward. The profit contribution from associates was down from the prior year, with a record result from Maxim's but a decrease in Yonghui's contribution, due to the impact of losses from new retail formats and the cost of a new employee incentive scheme, as well as the fact that only nine months of Yonghui's 2018 performance have been included in Dairy Farm's results, since its 2018 full year results announcement has not yet been released.

The net non-trading charge for the year totalled US$332 million. This included a US$453 million restructuring charge for the Food business in Southeast Asia. Following the completion of the detailed strategic review, which concluded that the business was not viable in its current form, impairments have been made against the goodwill and assets associated with the Giant business and the leases of the underperforming stores have been provided for as part of the overall restructuring costs. Net cash costs included in the restructuring charge are expected to be less than US$50 million.

Dairy Farm has now embarked on a multi-year transformation programme to reset the future direction and competitiveness of the business. A new leadership team, with the right depth and breadth of experience and functional expertise, is now largely in place. During the year, this team has focused on developing and implementing new strategies and business performance initiatives. It has also reorganised the businesses into a new streamlined and centralised structure, with regional hubs based in Hong Kong and Singapore and the addition of enhanced functional leadership in key disciplines.

There were several significant corporate developments during the year. In November, Dairy Farm entered into a partnership with the Robinsons Retail, the Philippines' third largest retail business, whereby Dairy Farm's Food business in the Philippines has become part of Robinsons Retail, with Dairy Farm now having a 20% interest in the combined business. This new partnership positions the Group well to take advantage of the growing opportunities in the Philippines.

In December, Dairy Farm completed the acquisition of the remaining 51% of Rose Pharmacy from its founders, and now owns 100% of the business. This will allow Dairy Farm to drive the next phase of the development of the business.

Mandarin Oriental

Mandarin Oriental had a positive year, driven by strong performances from Hong Kong and Singapore. Results across the rest of Asia were generally higher, but there were mixed results from Europe and there was flat performance in the United States. Results also benefitted from the receipt of the early termination fees in respect of the management contracts for the Las Vegas and Atlanta hotels. The impact of the fire in London in June 2018 was mitigated by insurance proceeds. Underlying profit for the year was 19% higher at US$65 million, compared with US$55 million in 2017. After taking into account a net non-trading loss primarily relating to accelerated asset write-downs due to the planned closure of The Excelsior, profit attributable to shareholders was US$44 million, compared with US$55 million in 2017. While the group's results will be adversely affected until the property reopens as a commercial building (The Excelsior contributed US$24 million to underlying profit in 2018), the decision to close the hotel reflects strong commercial property values in Hong Kong and the expected higher yield associated with a commercial building at a time when the hotel requires significant investment.

Following the fire in June 2018, repairs are nearing completion at Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, London and the hotel is on schedule to reopen fully in April 2019. While discussions with the group's insurers have not yet been concluded, interim cash payments received during 2018 from the insurers have financed the replacement of fixed assets and provided some compensation for the loss of profits so far. The jointly-owned Hotel Ritz, Madrid closed at the end of February 2018 to commence an extensive renovation.

Jardine Cycle & Carriage

Jardine Cycle & Carriage's underlying profit attributable to shareholders was 12% higher at US$858 million, but profit attributable to shareholders fell by 55% to US$420 million, after accounting for net non-trading losses of US$438 million, principally unrealised fair value losses related to non-current investments. Astra's contribution to underlying profit of US$719 million was up 15%. The group's Direct Motor Interests contributed US$145 million, 19% higher than 2017, while the contribution from its Other Strategic Interests rose by 107% to US$71 million.

Within the group's Direct Motor Interests, Cycle & Carriage Singapore performed well as it grew its earnings by 8% to US$62 million due to improved margins, despite a fall in passenger car sales. The 25%-owned Truong Hai Auto Corporation performed well, with a 29% increase in its profit contribution to US$73 million, due mainly to higher unit sales and improved margins. In Malaysia, 59%-owned Cycle & Carriage Bintang contributed a US$2 million profit, mainly comprising dividend income from its investment in Mercedes-Benz Malaysia, while 46%-owned Tunas Ridean in Indonesia recorded a 17% higher profit contribution of US$18 million, reflecting improved performances across all of its segments.

Within Other Strategic Interests, the contribution by 25.5%-held Siam City Cement in Thailand was US$20 million, due to an improved domestic performance and lower one-off expenses, partially offset by lower contributions from its regional operations. The profit of 24.9%-held Refrigeration Electrical Engineering Corporation in Vietnam of US$19 million was 39% higher due mainly to strong contributions from its power and water investments. A dividend of US$32 million was recognised on Jardine Cycle & Carriage's 10.6% shareholding in Vinamilk in Vietnam, compared to US$9 million in 2017.

Astra

Astra reported net profit under Indonesian accounting standards of Rp21.7 trillion, some US$1.5 billion, 15% higher in its local currency terms. The group's net debt, excluding financial services subsidiaries, was Rp13.0 trillion (equivalent to US$901 million) at 31st December 2018, down from a net cash position of Rp2.7 trillion (equivalent to US$196 million) at the end of 2017, due mainly to the group's investments in its toll road businesses, a gold mining business and GOJEK.

Net income from Astra's automotive division fell slightly to US$597 million, mainly due to lower operating margins despite higher automotive sales. Astra's car sales were 1% higher at 582,000 units in a wholesale market which was 7% higher in the year, but increased competition resulted in a decline in market share from 54% to 51%. Astra Honda Motor's market share was flat at 75%, although its domestic sales of motorcycles increased by 9% to 4.8 million units while the wholesale market increased by 8%. Astra Otoparts, the group's automotive components business, saw net income increase by 11% to US$43 million.

Net income from financial services increased by 28% to US$337 million, due to improved contributions from its consumer finance, banking and general insurance businesses. The net income contribution from the group's car-focused finance companies increased by 26% to US$86 million and the contribution from motorcycle-focused Federal International Finance was 16% higher at US$162 million. The group's consumer finance businesses overall saw a 1% decrease in the amount financed to US$5.6 billion during the year, due to a reduction in the amount financed in the low-cost car segment.

The net income contribution from the group's heavy equipment-focused finance operations increased by 30% to US$6 million, partly due to lower loan loss provisions, while Permata Bank, in which Astra holds a 44.6% interest, reported net income of US$63 million, compared to US$56 million in 2017.

General insurer Asuransi Astra Buana saw its net income increase by 4% to US$73 million, and life insurance joint venture, Astra Aviva Life, continued to acquire new individual life customers and participants for its corporate employee benefits programmes.

United Tractors, which is 59.5%-owned, reported net income 50% higher at US$775 million, mainly due to improved performances in its construction machinery, mining contracting and mining operations, all of which benefitted from higher coal prices compared with 2017. Within United Tractors' construction machinery business, Komatsu heavy equipment sales were up 29%, and parts and service revenues were also higher. The mining contracting operations of Pamapersada Nusantara recorded an 11% increase in coal production, while overburden removal was up 22%. United Tractors' coal mining subsidiaries reported an 11% increase in coal sales. Agincourt Resources, in which United Tractors acquired a 95% interest in December 2018 and which operates a gold mining concession in Sumatra, reported gold sales of 35,000 oz in December 2018. Acset Indonusa, United Tractor's 50.1%-owned general contractor reported a 88% decrease in net income to US$1 million, mainly due to increased financing costs. US$112 million of new construction projects were secured during 2018.

25%-owned Bhumi Jati Power is in the process of constructing two 1,000MW power plants in Central Java, which are scheduled to start commercial operation in 2021.

Astra Agro Lestari, which is 80%-owned, reported a 27% decline in net income to US$101 million, primarily due to a fall in crude palm oil prices. This more than offset a 30% increase in crude palm oil and derivatives sales to 2.3 million tonnes.

The group's infrastructure and logistics division reported a net income of US$14 million in 2018, compared to a net loss of US$17 million in the prior year. This was mainly due to improved earnings from the Tangerang-Merak toll road and Serasi Autoraya, as well as the inclusion in the prior year's results of a one-off loss on the disposal of Astra's 49% interest in PAM Lyonnaise Jaya. Astra has interests in 302km of operational toll roads along the Trans-Java network, with a further 11km in Greater Jakarta under construction. Serasi Autoraya's net income increased by 50% to US$21 million, primarily due to improved operating margins in its car leasing and rental businesses. Net income from the group's information technology division was 5% higher at US$15 million.

The group's property division reported a 28% lower net profit at US$11 million under local accounting standards, due mainly to reduced development earnings recognised from its Anandamaya Residences project as a result of lower percentage completion in its final stages of construction.

Outlook

After a good performance in 2018 driven primarily by Astra, Hongkong Land and Jardine Cycle & Carriage, we expect the Group to face more challenging conditions in 2019 due to economic uncertainties affecting consumer sentiment and commodity prices.

Ben Keswick

Chairman and Managing Director

 
 
Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited 
 Consolidated Profit and Loss Account 
 for the year ended 31st December 2018 
 
 
                              2018                             2017 
                                                 Underlying      Non- 
                 Underlying     Non-               business   trading 
                   business  trading            performance     items      Total 
                performance    items     Total         US$m      US$m       US$m 
                       US$m     US$m      US$m     restated  restated   restated 
 
 
 
Revenue (note 2)     34,094        -    34,094       30,848         -     30,848 
Net operating 
 costs (note 
 3)                (30,386)    (863)  (31,249)     (27,931)       340   (27,591) 
Change in fair 
 value 
 of investment 
 properties               -    1,236     1,236            -     4,701      4,701 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
 
Operating profit      3,708      373     4,081        2,917     5,041      7,958 
Net financing 
 charges              (306)        -     (306)        (153)         -      (153) 
Share of results 
 of Jardine 
 Matheson (note 
 4)                     228     (17)       211          251       120        371 
Share of results 
of associates 
and joint 
ventures (note 
5) 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
- before change 
 in fair 
 value of 
 investment 
 properties           1,082        1     1,083        1,025       (4)      1,021 
- change in fair 
 value 
 of investment 
 properties               -      189       189            -      (32)       (32) 
 
 
                      1,082      190     1,272        1,025      (36)        989 
 
Profit before tax     4,712      546     5,258        4,040     5,125      9,165 
Tax (note 6)          (923)       11     (912)        (748)       (1)      (749) 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
 
Profit after tax      3,789      557     4,346        3,292     5,124      8,416 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
 
Attributable to: 
Shareholders of 
 the Company 
 (notes 7 & 9)        1,784       52     1,836        1,570     2,735      4,305 
Non-controlling 
 interests            2,005      505     2,510        1,722     2,389      4,111 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
 
                      3,789      557     4,346        3,292     5,124      8,416 
                   --------  -------  --------  -----------  --------  --------- 
 
 
                        US$                US$          US$                  US$ 
 
 
Earnings per 
share (note 
8) 
- basic                3.14               3.23         2.71                 7.44 
- diluted              3.13               3.23         2.71                 7.44 
                   --------           --------  -----------            --------- 
 
 
 
 
 
Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited 
 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
 for the year ended 31st December 2018 
 
 
                                                         2018      2017 
                                                         US$m      US$m 
                                                               restated 
 
 
Profit for the year                                     4,346     8,416 
Other comprehensive income/(expense) 
 
Items that will not be reclassified 
 to profit or loss: 
                                                               -------- 
 
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans                   (4)         8 
Net revaluation surplus before transfer 
 to 
 investment properties 
 
   *    intangible assets                                   2         6 
 
   *    tangible assets                                     1         - 
Reversal of fair value gain upon reclassification 
 of equity investments to associates                        -      (67) 
Tax on items that will not be reclassified                  -         1 
 
                                                          (1)      (52) 
Share of other comprehensive (expense)/income 
 of 
 Jardine Matheson                                        (19)        49 
Share of other comprehensive income/(expense) 
 of 
 associates and joint ventures                              5       (9) 
                                                      -------  -------- 
                                                         (15)      (12) 
Items that may be reclassified subsequently 
 to profit 
 or loss: 
 
Net exchange translation differences 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
- net (loss)/gain arising during the 
 year                                                   (784)       129 
- transfer to profit and loss                              47         9 
 
                                                        (737)       138 
Revaluation of other investments at 
 fair value through 
 other comprehensive income 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
- net (loss)/gain arising during the 
 year                                                    (22)        22 
- transfer to profit and loss                             (3)       (3) 
 
                                                         (25)        19 
Cash flow hedges 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
- net gain/(loss) arising during the 
 year                                                      31      (39) 
- transfer to profit and loss                               -        10 
 
                                                           31      (29) 
Tax relating to items that may be reclassified           (13)         8 
 
Share of other comprehensive (expense)/income 
 of 
 Jardine Matheson                                        (49)        56 
 
Share of other comprehensive (expense)/income 
 of 
 associates and joint ventures                          (489)       345 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
                                                      (1,282)       537 
 
 
Other comprehensive (expense)/income 
 for the year, 
 net of tax                                           (1,297)       525 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
Total comprehensive income for the year                 3,049     8,941 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
Attributable to: 
Shareholders of the Company                             1,219     4,701 
Non-controlling interests                               1,830     4,240 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
                                                        3,049     8,941 
                                                      -------  -------- 
 
 
 
 
 
Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited 
 Consolidated Balance Sheet 
 at 31st December 2018 
 
 
                                        At 31st December    At 1st January 
                                                      2017            2017 
                                         2018         US$m            US$m 
                                         US$m     restated        restated 
 
 
Assets 
Intangible assets                       3,205        2,832           2,661 
Tangible assets                         6,991        6,291           5,612 
Investment properties                  34,299       33,100          28,173 
Bearer plants                             487          498             497 
Investment in Jardine Matheson          3,219        3,103           2,468 
Associates and joint ventures          13,773       12,189           9,810 
Other investments                       2,543        2,629           1,328 
Non-current debtors                     3,060        3,019           2,916 
Deferred tax assets                       349          375             333 
Pension assets                              -            5               - 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Non-current assets                     67,926       64,041          53,798 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Properties for sale                     2,339        2,594           1,620 
Stocks and work in progress             2,960        2,681           2,568 
Current debtors                         6,993        6,260           6,245 
Current investments                        50           23              65 
Current tax assets                        185          162             168 
Bank balances and other liquid 
 funds 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
- non-financial services companies      4,403        5,061           4,874 
- financial services companies            187          241             229 
 
 
                                        4,590        5,302           5,103 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
                                       17,117       17,022          15,769 
Assets classified as held for sale          -           11               3 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Current assets                         17,117       17,033          15,772 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets                           85,043       81,074          69,570 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                        At 31st December    At 1st January 
                                         2018         2017            2017 
                                         US$m         US$m            US$m 
                                                  restated        restated 
 
 
Equity 
Share capital                              56           56              56 
Share premium and capital reserves      1,025        1,011           1,020 
Revenue and other reserves             32,579       31,486          27,016 
Own shares held                       (2,139)      (2,000)         (1,918) 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Shareholders' funds                    31,521       30,553          26,174 
Non-controlling interests              28,428       27,677          24,106 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Total equity                           59,949       58,230          50,280 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Liabilities 
Long-term borrowings 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
- non-financial services companies      5,315        5,856           5,118 
- financial services companies          1,655        1,487           1,518 
 
 
                                        6,970        7,343           6,636 
Deferred tax liabilities                  761          515             483 
Pension liabilities                       304          297             273 
Non-current creditors                     339          322             436 
Non-current provisions                    272          151             129 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Non-current liabilities                 8,646        8,628           7,957 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Current creditors                       8,899        8,600           6,953 
Current borrowings 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
- non-financial services companies      5,096        2,978           1,771 
- financial services companies          1,825        2,154           2,265 
 
 
                                        6,921        5,132           4,036 
Current tax liabilities                   431          338             243 
Current provisions                        197          140             101 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
                                       16,448       14,210          11,333 
Liabilities classified as held 
 for sale                                   -            6               - 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Current liabilities                    16,448       14,216          11,333 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
Total liabilities                      25,094       22,844          19,290 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
 
Total equity and liabilities           85,043       81,074          69,570 
                                      -------    ---------  -------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
Jardine Strategic 
Holdings Limited 
Consolidated Statement of 
Changes 
in Equity 
for the year ended 31st 
December 2018 
 
 
                                                                                                                           Attributable 
                                                                                                                                     to     Attributable 
                                                               Contributed        Asset                             Own    shareholders               to 
                    Share    Share     Capital     Revenue         surplus  revaluation   Hedging    Exchange    shares          of the  non-controlling     Total 
                  capital  premium    reserves    reserves            US$m     reserves  reserves    reserves      held         Company        interests    equity 
                     US$m     US$m        US$m        US$m                         US$m      US$m        US$m      US$m            US$m             US$m      US$m 
 
 
2018 
At 1st January 
- as previously 
 reported              56      816         195      32,604             304          264       (7)     (1,683)   (2,000)          30,549           27,672    58,221 
- change in 
 accounting 
 policies 
 (note 1)               -        -           -          31               -            -         -         (7)         -              24               50        74 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
- as restated          56      816         195      32,635             304          264       (7)     (1,690)   (2,000)          30,573           27,722    58,295 
Total 
 comprehensive 
 income                 -        -           -       1,802               -            -       (6)       (577)         -           1,219            1,830     3,049 
Dividends paid 
 by the Company 
 (note 10)              -        -           -       (185)               -            -         -           -         -           (185)                -     (185) 
Dividends paid 
 to 
 non-controlling 
 interests              -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -            (844)     (844) 
Unclaimed 
 dividends 
 forfeited              -        -           -           1               -            -         -           -         -               1                -         1 
Employee share 
 option schemes         -        -          19           -               -            -         -           -         -              19                -        19 
Scrip issued in 
 lieu of 
 dividends              -        -           -           9               -            -         -           -         -               9                -         9 
Increase in own 
 shares held            -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -     (139)           (139)                -     (139) 
Subsidiaries 
 acquired               -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -               57        57 
Capital 
 contribution 
 from 
 non-controlling 
 interests              -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -               22        22 
Change in 
 interests in 
 subsidiaries           -        -           -          18               -            -         -           -         -              18            (378)     (360) 
Change in 
 interests in 
 associates 
 and joint 
 ventures               -        -           -           6               -            -         -           -         -               6               19        25 
Transfer                -        -         (5)           5               -            -         -           -         -               -                -         - 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
At 31st December       56      816         209      34,291             304          264      (13)     (2,267)   (2,139)          31,521           28,428    59,949 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
2017 
At 1st January 
- as previously 
 reported              56      816         204      28,498             304          262      (16)     (2,064)   (1,918)          26,142           24,064    50,206 
- change in 
 accounting 
 policies 
 (note 1)               -        -           -          40               -            -         -         (8)         -              32               42        74 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
- as restated          56      816         204      28,538             304          262      (16)     (2,072)   (1,918)          26,174           24,106    50,280 
Total 
 comprehensive 
 income                 -        -           -       4,308               -            2         9         382         -           4,701            4,240     8,941 
Dividends paid 
 by the Company 
 (note 10)              -        -           -       (177)               -            -         -           -         -           (177)                -     (177) 
Dividends paid 
 to 
 non-controlling 
 interests              -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -            (766)     (766) 
Unclaimed 
 dividends 
 forfeited              -        -           -           1               -            -         -           -         -               1                -         1 
Employee share 
 option schemes         -        -          12           -               -            -         -           -         -              12                -        12 
Scrip issued in 
 lieu of 
 dividends              -        -           -           7               -            -         -           -         -               7                -         7 
Increase in own 
 shares held            -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -      (82)            (82)                -      (82) 
Subsidiaries 
 acquired               -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -              107       107 
Subsidiaries 
 disposed of            -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -              (1)       (1) 
Capital 
 repayment to 
 non-controlling 
 interests              -        -           -           -               -            -         -           -         -               -              (3)       (3) 
Change in 
 interests in 
 subsidiaries           -        -           -        (48)               -            -         -           -         -            (48)             (16)      (64) 
Change in 
 interests in 
 associates 
 and joint 
 ventures               -        -           -        (35)               -            -         -           -         -            (35)               10      (25) 
Transfer                -        -        (21)          21               -            -         -           -         -               -                -         - 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
At 31st December       56      816         195      32,615             304          264       (7)     (1,690)   (2,000)          30,553           27,677    58,230 
                  -------  -------   ---------   ---------   -------------  -----------  --------   ---------   -------   -------------  ---------------   ------- 
 
 

Contributed surplus represents the excess in value of shares acquired in consideration for the issue of the Company's shares, over the nominal value of those shares issued. Under the Bye-laws of the Company, the contributed surplus is distributable.

 
 
Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited 
 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 
 for the year ended 31st December 2018 
 
 
                                                    2018       2017 
                                                    US$m       US$m 
                                                           restated 
 
 
Operating activities 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
Operating profit                                   4,081      7,958 
Change in fair value of investment properties    (1,236)    (4,701) 
Depreciation and amortisation                      1,035        917 
Other non-cash items                               1,160         15 
Increase in working capital                        (848)      (381) 
Interest received                                    156        167 
Interest and other financing charges paid          (466)      (310) 
Tax paid                                           (843)      (694) 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
                                                   3,039      2,971 
Dividends from associates and joint ventures         963        779 
 
 
Cash flows from operating activities               4,002      3,750 
 
Investing activities 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
Purchase of subsidiaries (note 11(a))            (1,286)       (56) 
Purchase of shares in Jardine Matheson              (99)       (95) 
Purchase of associates and joint ventures 
 (note 11(b))                                    (1,191)    (1,525) 
Purchase of other investments (note 11(c))         (706)    (1,609) 
Purchase of intangible assets                      (121)      (170) 
Purchase of tangible assets                      (1,236)    (1,055) 
Additions to investment properties                 (163)      (370) 
Additions to bearer plants                          (45)       (50) 
Advance to associates and joint ventures 
 (note 11(d))                                      (990)      (853) 
Advance and repayment from associates and 
 joint ventures (note 11(e))                         952        658 
Sale of subsidiaries (note 11(f))                      -         86 
Sale of associates and joint ventures                  -         66 
Redemption of convertible bonds by Zhongsheng          -        398 
Sale of other investments (note 11(g))               235        369 
Sale of intangible assets                             12          2 
Sale of tangible assets                               59         20 
Sale of investment properties                          -         42 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities             (4,579)    (4,142) 
 
Financing activities 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
Capital contribution from/(repayment to) 
 non-controlling interests                            22        (3) 
Change in interests in subsidiaries (note 
 11(h))                                            (360)       (49) 
Drawdown of borrowings                             7,235      6,178 
Repayment of borrowings                          (5,698)    (4,500) 
Dividends paid by the Company                      (351)      (331) 
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests        (844)      (774) 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities                   4        521 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash 
 equivalents                                       (573)        129 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1st January           5,298      5,091 
Effect of exchange rate changes                    (170)         78 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31st December         4,555      5,298 
                                                 -------  --------- 
 
 

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited

Notes

   1.    Accounting Policies and Basis of Preparation 

The financial information contained in this announcement has been based on the audited results for the year ended 31st December 2018 which have been prepared in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards, including International Accounting Standards and Interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The Group has adopted the following new accounting standards from 1st January 2018. Other amendments, which are effective in 2018 and relevant to the Group's operations, do not have a significant effect on the Group's accounting policies. The Group has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that have been issued but not yet effective.

IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments'

Under IFRS 9, the gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of the Group's investments in equity investments, previously classified as available-for-sale, have been recognised in profit and loss, instead of through other comprehensive income. Such fair value gains or losses on revaluation of these investments are classified as non-trading items, and do not have any impact on the Group's underlying profit attributable to shareholders and shareholders' funds. The new forward-looking expected credit loss model, which replaces the incurred loss impairment model, mainly affects the loan impairment provisions of the Group's financial services companies in Indonesia. The new hedge accounting rules, which align the accounting for hedging instruments closely with the Group's risk management practices, has no significant impact to the Group.

IFRS 15 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers'

IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue. It replaces IAS 11 'Construction Contracts' and IAS 18 'Revenue' which covers contracts for goods and services. The core principle in the framework is that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer. The new standard mainly changes the Group's revenue recognition on certain property sales, from the completion method to the percentage of completion method. This will lead to earlier recognition of revenue when compared to the current completion method.

Changes to accounting policies on adoption of IFRS 9 and 15 have been applied retrospectively, and the comparative financial statements have been restated.

The effects of adopting IFRS 9 and IFRS 15

(a) On the consolidated profit and loss account for the year ended 31st December 2017:

 
                                                                        Increase/(decrease) 
                                                                                         in 
                                                                       profit upon adopting 
                                                                           IFRS 9   IFRS 15 
                                                                             US$m      US$m 
 
 
 Revenue                                                                        -     (708) 
 Net operating costs                                                          265       669 
 Share of results of Jardine Matheson                                           1       (2) 
 Share of results of associates and 
  joint ventures                                                             (28)         3 
 Tax                                                                            -         7 
 
 
 Profit after tax                                                             238      (31) 
 
    Attributable to: 
 Shareholders of the Company*                                                 201      (15) 
 Non-controlling interests                                                     37      (16) 
 
 
                                                                              238      (31) 
 
 *  Further analysed as: 
 Underlying profit attributable to shareholders                              (13)      (15) 
    Non-trading items 
                                                              -------------------  -------- 
 
   *    change in fair value of other investments                             304         - 
 
   *    sale and closure of businesses                                       (20)         - 
 
   *    sale of other investments                                            (70)         - 
 
                                                                              214         - 
 
 
 Profit attributable to shareholders                                          201      (15) 
 
 Basic underlying earnings per share 
  (US$)                                                                    (0.02)    (0.03) 
 
 Diluted underlying earnings per share 
  (US$)                                                                    (0.02)    (0.03) 
 
 Basic earnings per share (US$)                                              0.35    (0.03) 
 
 Diluted earnings per share (US$)                                            0.35    (0.02) 
                                                              -------------------  -------- 
 
 
 
 
   (b)   On the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 

31st December 2017:

 
                                                     Increase/(decrease) 
                                                                      in 
                                                     total comprehensive 
                                                    income upon adopting 
                                                      IFRS 9     IFRS 15 
                                                        US$m        US$m 
 
 
 Profit for the year                                     238        (31) 
 
 Other comprehensive income 
 
 Items that may be reclassified subsequently 
  to profit or loss: 
 Net exchange translation differences 
 
   *    net gain arising during the year                   -           3 
 
 Revaluation of other investments at 
  fair value through other comprehensive 
  income 
 
   *    net gain arising during the year               (364)           - 
 
   *    transfer to profit and loss                       72           - 
 
 Share of other comprehensive income 
  of Jardine Matheson                                    (1)         (1) 
 
 Share of other comprehensive income 
  of associates and joint ventures                        19           - 
 
 
 Other comprehensive income for the 
  year, net of tax                                     (274)           2 
 
 
 Total comprehensive income for the 
  year                                                  (36)        (29) 
 
 Attributable to: 
 Shareholders of the Company                            (13)        (15) 
 Non-controlling interests                              (23)        (14) 
 
 
                                                        (36)        (29) 
 
 
 

(c) On the consolidated balance sheet at 1st January

 
                                         Increase/(decrease) upon adopting 
                                       IFRS 9         IFRS 15          Total 
                                     2018     2017   2018   2017     2018     2017 
                                     US$m     US$m   US$m   US$m     US$m     US$m 
 
Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investment in Jardine Matheson          -        -   (15)   (12)     (15)     (12) 
Associates and joint ventures        (22)        -     28     25        6       25 
Other investments 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
- available-for-sale financial 
 assets                           (2,692)  (1,427)      -      -  (2,692)  (1,427) 
- equity investments at 
 fair 
 value through profit and 
 loss                               2,137      994      -      -    2,137      994 
- debt investments at fair 
 value 
 through other comprehensive 
  income                              613      433      -      -      613      433 
 
 
                                       58        -      -      -       58        - 
Deferred tax assets                     -        -      2      1        2        1 
 
Current assets 
Properties for sale                     -        -  (353)  (695)    (353)    (695) 
Stocks and work in progress             -        -     66     30       66       30 
Current debtors                       (7)        -    138    313      131      313 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
Total assets                           29        -  (134)  (338)    (105)    (338) 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
Equity 
Total equity 
Revenue and other reserves              7        -     17     32       24       32 
Non-controlling interests              22        -     28     42       50       42 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
                                       29        -     45     74       74       74 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
Liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Non-current creditors                   -        -     71      -       71        - 
Deferred tax liabilities                -        -      8     13        8       13 
 
Current liabilities 
Current creditors                       -        -  (258)  (425)    (258)    (425) 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
Total liabilities                       -        -  (179)  (412)    (179)    (412) 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 
 
 
Total equity and liabilities           29        -  (134)  (338)    (105)    (338) 
                                  -------  -------  -----  -----  -------  ------- 
 

Unlisted equity investments included in associates and joint ventures, and other investments, that were previously stated at cost, were measured at fair value at 1st January 2018 upon initial application of IFRS 9 and its transition provision for classification and measurement.

(d) Changes in principal accounting policies on adoption of IFRS 9 and 15

Investments

The Group classifies its investments into the following measurement categories:

(i) Those to be measured subsequently at fair value, either through other comprehensive income or through profit and loss; and

(ii) Those to be measured at amortised cost.

The classification is based on the management's business model and their contractual cash flows characteristics.

Equity investments are measured at fair value with fair value gains and losses recognised in profit and loss, unless management has elected to recognise the fair value gains and losses through other comprehensive income. For equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, gains or losses realised upon disposal are not reclassified to profit and loss.

Debt investments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for sale, where the cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. On disposal, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit and loss.

Debt investments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows till maturity, where the cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at amortised cost. Any gain or loss arising on disposal is recognised in profit and loss.

At initial recognition, the Group measures an investment at its fair value plus, in the case of the investment not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the investment. Transaction costs of investments carried at fair value through profit and loss are expensed in profit and loss.

Investments with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest.

The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with both types of debt investments. They are considered 'credit impaired' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows have occurred. Any impairment is recognised in profit and loss.

All purchases and sales of investments are recognised on the trade date, which is the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the investments.

Investments are classified as non-current assets, unless in the case of debt investments with maturities less than 12 months after the balance sheet date, are classified as current assets.

Debtors

Financing and trade debtors are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional and measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Finance lease receivables are shown as the finance lease receivables plus the guaranteed residual values at the end of the lease period, net of unearned finance lease income, security deposits and provision for doubtful receivables. A contract asset arises if the Group has a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services the Group has transferred to a customer, that is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Repossessed collateral of finance companies are measured at the lower of the carrying amount of the debtors in default and fair value less costs to sell. All other debtors, excluding derivative financial instruments, are measured at amortised cost except where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis using the three stages expected credit losses model on potential losses associated with its consumer financing debtors and financing lease receivables. The impairment measurement is subject to whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade debtors and contract assets, the Group applied the simplified approach as permitted by IFRS 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the debtors. Provision for impairment is established by considering potential financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency in payments. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognised in arriving at operating profit. When a debtor is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amount previously written off are credited to profit and loss.

Debtors with maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date are classified under non-current assets.

Non-trading items

Non-trading items are separately identified to provide greater understanding of the Group's underlying business performance. Items classified as non-trading items include fair value gains or losses on revaluation of investment properties and equity investments which are measured at fair value through profit and loss; gains and losses arising from the sale of businesses, investments and properties; impairment of non-depreciable intangible assets and other investments; provisions for the closure of businesses; acquisition-related costs in business combinations; and other credits and charges of a non-recurring nature that require inclusion in order to provide additional insight into underlying business performance.

Revenue recognition

   (i)    Property 

Properties for sale

Revenue from properties for sale is recognised when or as the control of the property is transferred to the customer. Revenue consists of the fair value of the consideration received and receivable, net of value added tax, rebates and discounts. Proceeds received in advance for pre-sale are recorded as contract liabilities. Depending on the terms of the contract and the laws that apply to the contract, control of the property may transfer over time or at a point in time.

If control of the property transfers over time, revenue is recognised over the period of the contract by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the property.

The progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured based on the Group's efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of the performance obligation, by reference to the contract costs incurred up to the end of reporting period as a percentage of total estimated costs for each contract.

For properties for sale under development and sales contract for which the control of the property is transferred at a point in time, revenue is recognised when the customer obtains the physical possession or the legal title of the completed property and the Group has present right to payment and the collection of the consideration is probable.

Investment properties

Rental income from investment properties are accounted for on an accrual basis over the lease terms.

   (ii)   Motor vehicles 

Revenue from the sale of motor vehicles, including motorcycles, and rendering of aftersales services, is recognised through dealership structures. In instances where the contracts with customers include multiple deliverables, the separate performance obligations are identified. The transaction price, which is represented by the consideration fixed in the contract and net of discounts if any, is then allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. When a stand-alone selling price is not directly observable, it is estimated. Revenue from the sale of motor vehicles is recognised when control of the motor vehicles is transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with the point of delivery. Revenue from the aftersales services is recognised when the services are rendered. In instances where payments are received in advance from customers but there are unfulfilled aftersales services obligations by the Group, a contract liability is recognised for which revenue is subsequently recognised over time as the services are rendered.

(iii) Retail and restaurants

Revenue from retail includes sales from the supermarket and hypermarkets, health and beauty stores, and home furnishing stores. Revenue consists of the fair value of goods sold to customers, net of returns, discounts and sales related taxes. Sale of goods is recognised at the point of sale, when the control of the asset is transferred to the customers, and is recorded at the net amount received from customers.

Revenue from restaurants comprises the sale of food and beverages and is recognised at the point when the Group sells the food and beverages to the customer and payment is due immediately when the customer purchases the food and beverages.

(iv) Financial services

Revenue from consumer financing and finance leases is recognised over the term of the respective contracts based on a constant rate of return on the net investment, using the effective interest method. Revenue from insurance premiums is recognised proportionately over the period of coverage. The portion of premium received on in-force contracts that relates to unexpired risks at the balance sheet date is reported as the unearned premium liability.

   (v)   Engineering, heavy equipment, mining and construction 

Engineering

Revenue from engineering, including supplying, installing and servicing engineering equipment is recognised over time based on the enforceable right to payment for the performance completed to date and using the output method on the basis of direct measurements of the value to customer of the Group's performance to date, as evidenced by the certification by qualified architects and/or surveyors. When there is more than one single performance obligation under a contract or any contract modification creates a separate performance obligation, the revenue will be allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Payments received in advance from customers but there are unfulfilled obligations, are recognised as contract liabilities.

Claims, variations and liquidated damages are accounted for as variable consideration and are included in contract revenue provided that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur in the future.

Heavy equipment

Revenue from heavy equipment includes sale of heavy equipment and rendering of maintenance services. In instances where the contracts with customers include multiple deliverables, the separate performance obligations are identified and generally referred as sale of heavy equipment and rendering of maintenance services. The transaction price, which is represented by the consideration fixed in the contract and net of discounts if any, is then allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from the sale of heavy equipment is recognised when control of the heavy equipment is transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with the point of delivery. Payments from customers for maintenance services are received in advance and recognised as a contract liability. Revenue from the maintenance services is recognised based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be reported, as soon as it can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is

measured by reference to cost incurred to date compared to estimated total costs for each contract.

Mining

Revenue from mining includes contract mining services and through the Group's own production. The performance obligations identified as contract mining services relate to the extraction of coal and removal of overburden on behalf of the customers. Revenue is recognised when the services are rendered by reference to the volume of coal extracted and overburden removed at contracted rates, and payment is due upon delivery. Revenue from its own mining production is recognised when control of the output is transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with the point of delivery.

Construction

Revenue from construction includes contracts to provide construction and foundation services for building, civil and maritime works. Under the contracts, the Group's construction activities creates or enhances an asset or work in progress that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, and hence revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress towards completing the construction works. Under this method, the revenue recognised is based on the latest estimate of the total value of the contract and actual completion rate determined by reference to the physical state of progress of the works.

Claims, variations and liquidated damages are accounted for as variable consideration and are included in contract revenue provided that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur in the future.

(vi) Hotels

Revenue from hotel ownership comprises amounts earned in respect of rental of rooms, food and beverage sales, and other ancillary services and goods supplied by the subsidiary hotels. Revenue is recognised over the period when rooms are occupied or services are performed. Revenue from the sale of food and beverages and goods is recognised at the point of sale when the food and beverages and goods are delivered to customers. Payment is due immediately when the hotel guest occupies the room and receives the services and goods.

Revenue from hotel and residences branding and management comprises gross fees earned from the branding and management of all the hotels and residences operated by the Group. Branding and management fees are recognised over time as determined by the relevant contract, taking into account the performance of the hotels, and the sales and operating expenses of the residences. Fees charged to the subsidiary hotels are eliminated upon consolidation. Hotels and residences are invoiced in accordance with the terms of contract and fees are payable when invoiced.

   2.    Revenue 
 
                                Gross revenue      Revenue 
 
                                 2018    2017    2018    2017 
                                 US$m    US$m    US$m    US$m 
 
 
 By business: 
 Jardine Matheson              24,706  18,438       -       - 
 Hongkong Land                  4,642   4,291   2,665   1,616 
 Dairy Farm                    21,957  21,827  11,749  11,289 
 Mandarin Oriental                985     983     614     611 
 Jardine Cycle & Carriage       7,277   6,645   1,938   1,972 
 Astra                         33,072  31,077  17,133  15,365 
 Intersegment transactions      (291)   (260)     (5)     (5) 
                              -------  ------  ------  ------ 
 
                               92,348  83,001  34,094  30,848 
                              -------  ------  ------  ------ 
 

Gross revenue comprises revenue together with 100% of revenue from associates and joint ventures.

   3.    Net Operating Costs 
 
                                                   2018      2017 
                                                   US$m      US$m 
 
 
 Cost of sales                                 (25,044)  (22,792) 
 Other operating income                             759       854 
 Selling and distribution costs                 (3,794)   (3,663) 
 Administration expenses                        (2,020)   (1,843) 
 Other operating expenses                       (1,150)     (147) 
                                               --------  -------- 
 
                                               (31,249)  (27,591) 
                                               --------  -------- 
 
 Net operating costs included the following 
  gains/(losses) from non-trading items: 
 
 Change in fair value of other investments        (480)       364 
 Sale and closure of businesses                     153      (17) 
 Sale of property interests                          28         - 
 Restructuring of businesses (note 9)             (467)         - 
 Reclassification of a joint venture as 
  a subsidiary                                     (61)         - 
 Redevelopment of a hotel                          (27)         - 
 Other                                              (9)       (7) 
 
                                                  (863)       340 
                                               --------  -------- 
 
   4.    Share of Results of Jardine Matheson 
 
                                                    2018   2017 
                                                    US$m   US$m 
 
 
 By business: 
 Jardine Pacific                                     102     96 
 Jardine Motors                                       61    199 
 Jardine Lloyd Thompson                               25     35 
 Corporate and other interests                        23     41 
 
                                                     211    371 
                                                   -----  ----- 
 
 Share of results of Jardine Matheson included 
  the following gains/(losses) from non-trading 
  items: 
 
 Change in fair value of investment properties         9      3 
 Change in fair value of other investments             1      1 
 Sale and closure of businesses                     (11)      5 
 Sale of property interests                            3    110 
 Costs associated with regulatory reviews           (10)      - 
 Merger-related costs                                (9)      - 
 Other                                                 -      1 
 
                                                    (17)    120 
                                                   -----  ----- 
 

Results are shown after tax and non-controlling interests in Jardine Matheson.

   5.    Share of Results of Associates and Joint Ventures 
 
                                                     2018   2017 
                                                     US$m   US$m 
 
 
 By business: 
 Jardine Matheson                                      99     37 
 Hongkong Land                                        428    248 
 Dairy Farm                                           133    142 
 Mandarin Oriental                                      6     11 
 Jardine Cycle & Carriage                             127    104 
 Astra                                                479    445 
 Corporate and other interests                          -      2 
 
                                                    1,272    989 
                                                    -----  ----- 
 
 Share of results of associates and joint 
  ventures included the following gains/(losses) 
  from non-trading items: 
 
 Change in fair value of investment properties        189   (32) 
 Change in fair value of other investments              1      1 
 Sale and closure of businesses                         -      1 
 Other                                                  -    (6) 
 
                                                      190   (36) 
                                                    -----  ----- 
 

Results are shown after tax and non-controlling interests in the associates and joint ventures.

   6.    Tax 
 
                                                       2018   2017 
                                                       US$m   US$m 
 
 
 Tax charged to profit and loss is analysed 
  as follows: 
 
 Current tax                                          (872)  (792) 
 Deferred tax                                          (40)     43 
                                                      -----  ----- 
 
                                                      (912)  (749) 
                                                      -----  ----- 
 
 Greater China                                        (282)  (238) 
 Southeast Asia                                       (642)  (506) 
 United Kingdom                                           -      1 
 Rest of the world                                       12    (6) 
                                                      -----  ----- 
 
                                                      (912)  (749) 
                                                      -----  ----- 
 
 Tax relating to components of other comprehensive 
  income is analysed as follows: 
 
 Remeasurements of defined benefit plans                  -      1 
 Cash flow hedges                                      (13)      8 
 
                                                       (13)      9 
                                                      -----  ----- 
 

Tax on profits has been calculated at rates of taxation prevailing in the territories in which the Group operates.

Share of tax charge of Jardine Matheson of US$30 million and credit of US$5 million (2017: charge of US$42 million and US$12 million) are included in share of results of Jardine Matheson and share of other comprehensive income of Jardine Matheson, respectively.

Share of tax charge of associates and joint ventures of US$483 million and US$6 million (2017: charge of US$430 million and credit of US$12 million) are included in share of results of associates and joint ventures and share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, respectively.

   7.    Profit attributable to Shareholders 
 
                                                            2018   2017 
                                                            US$m   US$m 
 
 
    Operating segments: 
 Jardine Matheson                                            327    305 
 Hongkong Land                                               520    473 
 Dairy Farm                                                  330    312 
 Mandarin Oriental                                            53     42 
 Jardine Cycle & Carriage                                    121     98 
 Astra                                                       554    467 
                                                           -----  ----- 
 
                                                           1,905  1,697 
 Corporate and other interests                             (121)  (127) 
                                                           -----  ----- 
 
 Underlying profit attributable to shareholders*           1,784  1,570 
 Revaluation of investment properties                        719  2,326 
 Revaluation of other investments                          (377)    304 
 Other non-trading items                                   (290)    105 
                                                           -----  ----- 
 
 Profit attributable to shareholders                       1,836  4,305 
                                                           -----  ----- 
 
 *  Underlying profit attributable to shareholders is the measure 
     of profit adopted by the Group in accordance with IFRS 
     8 'Operating Segments'. 
 

8. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated on profit attributable to shareholders of US$1,836 million (2017: US$4,305 million) and on the weighted average number of 569 million (2017: 579 million) shares in issue during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated on profit attributable to shareholders of US$1,836 million (2017: US$4,304 million), which is after adjusting for the effects of the conversion of dilutive potential ordinary shares of Jardine Matheson, subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, and on the weighted average number of 569 million (2017: 579 million) shares in issue during the year.

The weighted average number of shares is arrived at as follows:

 
                                              Ordinary shares 
                                               in millions 
                                                  2018     2017 
 
 
 Weighted average number of shares in 
  issue                                          1,108    1,108 
 Company's share of shares held by Jardine 
  Matheson                                       (539)    (529) 
 
 Weighted average number of shares for 
  earnings per share calculation                   569      579 
 

Additional basic and diluted earnings per share are also calculated based on underlying profit attributable to shareholders. A reconciliation of earnings is set out below:

 
                                           2018                             2017 
                                          Basic     Diluted                Basic     Diluted 
                                       earnings    earnings             earnings    earnings 
                                      per share   per share            per share   per share 
                               US$m         US$         US$     US$m         US$         US$ 
 
 
 Profit attributable 
  to shareholders             1,836        3.23        3.23    4,305        7.44        7.44 
 Non-trading items (note 
  9)                           (52)                          (2,735) 
                              -----                          ------- 
 
 Underlying profit 
  attributable 
  to shareholders             1,784        3.14        3.13    1,570        2.71        2.71 
                              -----                          ------- 
 
   9.    Non-trading items 

Non-trading items are separately identified to provide greater understanding of the Group's underlying business performance. Items classified as non-trading items include fair value gains or losses on revaluation of investment properties and equity investments which are measured at fair value through profit and loss; gains and losses arising from the sale of businesses, investments and properties; impairment of non-depreciable intangible assets and other investments; provisions for the closure of businesses; acquisition-related costs in business combinations; and other credits and charges of a non-recurring nature that require inclusion in order to provide additional insight into underlying business performance.

 
                                                   2018   2017 
                                                   US$m   US$m 
 
 
 By business: 
 Jardine Matheson                                  (17)    120 
 Hongkong Land                                      715  2,334 
 Dairy Farm                                       (258)      - 
 Mandarin Oriental                                 (17)      - 
 Jardine Cycle & Carriage                         (333)    120 
 Astra                                                4      7 
 Corporate and other interests                     (42)    154 
 
                                                     52  2,735 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 An analysis of non-trading items after 
  interest, tax and non-controlling interests 
  is set out below: 
 Change in fair value of investment properties 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 - Hongkong Land                                    705  2,306 
 - other                                             14     20 
 
 
                                                    719  2,326 
 Change in fair value of other investments        (377)    304 
 Sale and closure of businesses                     107    (4) 
 Sale of property interests                          25    110 
 Tax refund on disposal of other investments 
  in prior year                                      19      - 
 Restructuring of businesses                      (352)      - 
 Reclassification of a joint venture as 
  a subsidiary                                     (48)      - 
 Redevelopment of a hotel                          (21)      - 
 Costs associated with regulatory reviews          (10)      - 
 Merger-related costs                               (9)      - 
 Other                                              (1)    (1) 
 
                                                     52  2,735 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 

Restructuring of businesses related to Dairy Farm's restructuring of its Southeast Asia Food business following the completion of a strategic review. The charges comprised impairment charges of the carrying values of certain goodwill and assets, as well as provisions related to the associated leases of the underperforming stores and future payments to landlords, tenants and employees.

Sale and closure of businesses included a gain of US$112 million related to the disposal of a subsidiary in the Philippines by Dairy Farm under a partnership arrangement with Robinsons Retail Holdings, Inc. ('Robinsons Retail'), a multi-format retailer listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange.

10. Dividends

 
                                                   2018   2017 
                                                   US$m   US$m 
 
 
 Final dividend in respect of 2017 of USc22.50 
  (2016: USc21.00) per share                        249    233 
 Interim dividend in respect of 2018 of 
  USc10.00 
  (2017: USc9.50) per share                         111    105 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
                                                    360    338 
 Company's share of dividends paid on the 
  shares held by Jardine Matheson                 (175)  (161) 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
                                                    185    177 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 

A final dividend in respect of 2018 of USc24 (2017: USc22.50) per share amounting to a total of US$266 million (2017: US$249 million) is proposed by the Board. The dividend proposed will not be accounted for until it has been approved at the 2019 Annual General Meeting. The net amount after deducting the Company's share of the dividends payable on the shares held by Jardine Matheson of US$130 million (2017: US$120 million) will be accounted for as an appropriation of revenue reserves in the year ending 31st December 2019.

11. Notes to Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

          (a)   Purchase of subsidiaries 
 
                                                 2018    2017 
                                                 Fair    Fair 
                                                value   value 
                                                 US$m    US$m 
 
 
  Intangible assets                               434      38 
  Tangible assets                                 838     190 
  Associates and joint ventures                     -     283 
  Non-current debtors                              25      95 
  Deferred tax assets                               1       - 
  Current assets                                  143     309 
  Long-term borrowings                          (104)    (35) 
  Deferred tax liabilities                      (209)    (36) 
  Pension liabilities                             (4)       - 
  Non-current creditors                             -     (3) 
  Non-current provision                          (25)       - 
  Current liabilities                           (170)   (127) 
                                               ------  ------ 
 
  Fair value of identifiable net assets 
   acquired                                       929     714 
  Goodwill                                        270       - 
  Adjustment for non-controlling interests       (57)   (107) 
                                               ------  ------ 
 
  Total consideration                           1,142     607 
  Adjustment for deposit paid                       -    (12) 
  Net debt repaid at date of acquisition          148       - 
  Payment for deferred consideration               82       - 
  Adjustment for deferred consideration          (24)    (87) 
  Carrying value of associates and joint 
   ventures                                      (44)   (301) 
  Cash and cash equivalents of subsidiaries 
   acquired                                      (18)   (151) 
                                               ------  ------ 
 
  Net cash outflow                              1,286      56 
                                               ------  ------ 
 

For the subsidiaries acquired during 2018, the fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities at the acquisition dates are provisional and will be finalised within one year after the acquisition dates.

The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities at the acquisition dates of certain subsidiaries acquired during 2017 as included in the comparative figures were provisional. The fair values were finalised in 2018. As the difference between the provisional and the finalised fair values were not material, the comparative figures have not been adjusted.

Net cash outflow for purchase of subsidiaries in 2018 included US$55 million for Dairy Farm's acquisition of an additional 51% interest in Rose Pharmacy, a health and beauty stores chain in the Philippines, increasing its controlling interest to 100%; and US$1,150 million (including a repayment of net debt of US$148 million) for Astra's acquisition of a 95% interest in PT Agincourt Resources, a gold mining company. In addition, there were cash outflows of US$69 million and US$13 million for Astra's payment of deferred consideration for investments in toll road concessions and acquisition of an 80% interest in PT Suprabari Mapanindo Mineral ('Suprabari'), a coal mining company, respectively, in 2017.

Goodwill in 2018 mainly arose from the acquisitions of Rose Pharmacy of US$97 million, attributable to the leading market position and retail network in the Philippines; and PT Agincourt Resources of US$171 million, attributable to the requirement to recognise deferred tax on the difference between the fair value and the tax value of the assets at the date of acquisition. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Net cash outflow in 2017 comprised US$42 million for Hongkong Land's acquisition of an additional 50% interest in MCL Land (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, a property development company, increasing its controlling interest to 100%; and an additional consideration of US$14 million for Astra's acquisition of the above mentioned 80% interest in Suprabari.

Revenue and profit after tax since acquisition in respect of subsidiaries acquired during the year amounted to US$249 million and US$69 million, respectively. Had the acquisitions occurred on 1st January 2018, consolidated revenue and profit after tax for the year ended 31st December 2018 would have been US$34,861 million and US$4,507 million, respectively.

(b) Purchase of associates and joint ventures in 2018 mainly included US$834 million for Hongkong Land's investments in mainland China, Thailand and Vietnam; US$220 million related to Dairy Farm's acquisition of a 20% interest in Robinsons Retail; and US$99 million for Astra's investments in toll road concessions.

Purchases in 2017 included Hongkong Land's investments in mainland China, Thailand and Vietnam for a total of US$438 million; Jardine Cycle & Carriage's subscription to rights issue and purchase of additional shares in Siam City Cement Public Company Limited in Thailand of US$138 million, increasing its interest from 24.9% to 25.5%; Astra's investments in toll road concessions of US$274 million and a 25% interest in power plants of US$207 million in Indonesia, and subscription to Permata Bank's rights issue of US$44 million; and the Company's acquisition of a 28% interest in Greatview Aseptic Packaging Company Limited, an aseptic carton packaging supplier, of US$241 million and additional investment in Zhongsheng of US$172 million, increasing its interest from 15.5% to 20.0%.

(c) Purchase of other investments in 2018 included US$200 million and US$62 million for Jardine Cycle & Carriage's investments in shares in Toyota Motor Corporation and additional shares in Vietnam Dairy Products increasing its interest to 10.6%, respectively; and US$150 million and US$280 million for Astra's investments in GOJEK and other securities, respectively.

Purchases in 2017 comprised US$1,160 million for acquisition of a 10% interest in Vietnam Dairy Products by Jardine Cycle & Carriage and US$449 million for acquisition of securities by Astra.

(d) Advance to associates and joint ventures in 2018 and 2017 mainly included Hongkong Land's advance to its property joint ventures.

(e) Advance and repayment from associates and joint ventures in 2018 and 2017 mainly included advance and repayment from Hongkong Land's property joint ventures.

(f) Sale of subsidiaries in 2017 included US$83 million for disposal of a mutual fund company by Astra.

(g) Sale of other investments in 2018 mainly included Astra's sale of securities.

Sale in 2017 mainly included disposal of securities by Astra and the Company of US$261 million and US$95 million, respectively.

(h) Change in interests in subsidiaries

 
                                         2018   2017 
                                         US$m   US$m 
 
 
  Increase in attributable interests 
  - Hongkong Land                       (131)      - 
  - Mandarin Oriental                    (33)      - 
  - other                               (200)   (64) 
  Decrease in attributable interests        4     15 
                                        -----  ----- 
 
                                        (360)   (49) 
                                        -----  ----- 
 

Increase in attributable interests in other subsidiaries in 2018 included US$196 million for Astra's acquisition of the remaining 25% interest in Astra Sedaya Finance, a consumer financing company, from Permata Bank, increasing its controlling interest to 100%.

Increase in 2017 included Dairy Farm's acquisition of a further 34% interest in Rustan Supercenters Inc. in the Philippines of US$60 million, increasing the Group's controlling interest to 100%.

12. Jardine Strategic Corporate Cash Flow

 
                                                   2018   2017 
                                                   US$m   US$m 
 
 
 Dividends receivable 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Subsidiaries                                       740    702 
 Jardine Matheson                                   682    620 
 Associates and joint ventures                       34      7 
 Other holdings                                      13     32 
 
 
                                                  1,469  1,361 
 Less taken in scrip                              (502)  (620) 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
                                                    967    741 
 Other operating cash flows                       (116)  (138) 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Cash flows from operating activities               851    603 
 
 Investing activities 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Purchase of shares in Jardine Matheson            (99)   (95) 
 Purchase of associates                               -  (413) 
 Purchase of other investments                     (13)      - 
 Redemption of convertible bonds in Zhongsheng        -    398 
 Sale of joint ventures                               -     31 
 Sale of other investments                            -     95 
 
 
 Cash flows from investing activities             (112)     16 
 
 Financing activities 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Purchase of additional shares in subsidiaries     (33)      - 
 Dividends paid by the Company                    (351)  (331) 
 
 
 Cash flows from financing activities             (384)  (331) 
 
 Net increase in cash                               355    288 
 Cash at 1st January                                419    131 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Cash at 31st December                              774    419 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 Represented by: 
 Bank balances and other liquid funds               774    419 
                                                  -----  ----- 
 
 

Corporate cash flow comprises the cash flows of the Company and of its investment holding and financing subsidiaries.

13. Capital Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Total capital commitments at 31st December 2018 amounted to US$3,064 million (2017: US$2,318 million).

The increase in capital commitments in 2018 was primarily attributable to Mandarin Oriental's planned redevelopment of The Excelsior, Hong Kong as a commercial property following the hotel closure on 31st March 2019. The redevelopment is expected to take up to six years to complete.

Various Group companies are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of their respective businesses. Having reviewed outstanding claims and taking into account legal advice received, the Directors are of the opinion that adequate provisions have been made in the financial statements.

14. Related Party Transactions

In accordance with the Bye-Laws of the Company, Jardine Matheson Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jardine Matheson, has been appointed General Manager of the Company under a General Manager Agreement. With effect from 1st January 2008, Jardine Matheson Limited has sub-delegated certain of its responsibilities under the agreement to a fellow subsidiary. Total fees payable for services provided to the Company in 2018 amounted to US$141 million (2017: US$141 million).

In the normal course of business the Group undertakes a variety of transactions with Jardine Matheson, and with certain of its associates and joint ventures.

The most significant of such transactions relate to the purchases of motor vehicles and spare parts from its associates and joint ventures in Indonesia including PT Toyota-Astra Motor, PT Astra Honda Motor and PT Astra Daihatsu Motor. Total cost of motor vehicles and spare parts purchased in 2018 amounted to US$5,449 million (2017:US$5,272 million). The Group also sells motor vehicles and spare parts to its associates and joint ventures in Indonesia including PT Astra Honda Motor, PT Astra Daihatsu Motor and PT Tunas Ridean. Total revenue from sale of motor vehicles and spare parts in 2018 amounted to US$637 million (2017: US$599 million).

Permata Bank provides banking services to the Group. The Group's deposits with Permata Bank at 31st December 2018 amounted to US$345 million (2017: US$588 million).

There were no other related party transactions that might be considered to have a material effect on the financial position or performance of the Group that were entered into or changed during the year.

Amounts of outstanding balances with Jardine Matheson, associates and joint ventures are included in debtors and creditors, as appropriate. A subsidiary of the Company has also committed to provide loan facilities to a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson. Undrawn facilities at 31st December 2018 amounted to US$400 million (2017: US$400 million).

15. Market Value Basis Net Assets

 
                                  2018    2017 
                                  US$m    US$m 
 
 
 Jardine Matheson               10,948   5,520 
 Hongkong Land                   7,413   8,283 
 Dairy Farm                      9,499   8,250 
 Mandarin Oriental               2,012   1,964 
 Jardine Cycle & Carriage        7,671   9,017 
 Other holdings                    486     535 
                                ------  ------ 
 
                                38,029  33,569 
 Jardine Strategic Corporate       734     379 
                                ------  ------ 
 
                                38,763  33,948 
                                ------  ------ 
 
                                   US$     US$ 
 
 
 Net asset value per share       68.46   59.08 
                                ------  ------ 
 

'Market value basis net assets' are calculated based on the market price of the Company's holdings for listed companies, with the exception of the holding in Jardine Matheson which has been calculated by reference to the market value of US$29,706 million (2017: US$25,341 million) less the Company's share of the market value of Jardine Matheson's interest in the Company. For unlisted companies a Directors' valuation has been used.

Net asset value per share is calculated on 'market value basis net assets' of US$38,763 million (2017: US$33,948 million) and on 566 million (2017: 575 million) shares outstanding at the year end which excludes the Company's share of the shares held by Jardine Matheson of 542 million (2017: 533 million) shares.

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited

Principal Risks and Uncertainties

The Board has overall responsibility for risk management and internal control. The process by which the Group identifies and manages risk will be set out in more detail in the Corporate Governance section of the Company's 2018 Annual Report (the 'Report'). The following are the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company as required to be disclosed pursuant to the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom and are in addition to the matters referred to in the Chairman's Statement and Business Review.

Economic Risk

Most of the Group's businesses are exposed to the risk of negative developments in global and regional economies and financial markets, either directly or through the impact such developments might have on the Group's joint venture partners, associates, franchisors, bankers, suppliers or customers. These developments could include recession, inflation, deflation, currency fluctuations, restrictions in the availability of credit, business failures, or increases in financing costs, oil prices or the cost of raw materials. Such developments might increase operating costs, reduce revenues, lower asset values or result in some or all of the Group's businesses being unable to meet their strategic objectives.

Commercial Risk and Financial Risk

Risks are an integral part of normal commercial practices, and where practicable steps are taken to mitigate them. Risks can be further pronounced when operating in volatile markets.

A number of the Group's businesses make significant investment decisions in respect of developments or projects and these are subject to market risks. This is especially the case where projects take time to come to fruition and achieve the desired returns.

The Group's businesses operate in sectors and regions which are highly competitive and evolving rapidly, and failure to compete effectively, whether in terms of price, tender terms, product specification, application of new technologies or levels of service, can have an adverse effect on earnings or market share. Significant pressure from such competition may also lead to reduced margins.

It is essential for the products and services provided by the Group's businesses to meet appropriate quality and safety standards and there is an associated risk if they do not, including the risk of damage to brand equity or reputation, which might adversely impact the ability to achieve acceptable revenues and profit margins.

The potential impact of disruption to IT systems or infrastructure, whether as a result of cyber-crime or other factors, on many of our businesses, could be significant.

The steps taken by the Group to manage its exposure to financial risk will be set out in the Financial Review and in a note to the Financial Statements in the Report.

Concessions, Franchises and Key Contracts

A number of the Group's businesses and projects are reliant on concessions, franchises, management or other key contracts. Cancellation, expiry or termination, or the renegotiation of any such concession, franchise, management or other key contracts, could have an adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of certain subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group.

Regulatory and Political Risk

The Group's businesses are subject to a number of regulatory regimes in the territories in which they operate. Changes in such regimes, in relation to matters such as foreign ownership of assets and businesses, exchange controls, planning controls, emission regulations, tax rules and employment legislation, could have the potential to impact the operations and profitability of the Group's businesses.

Changes in the political environment in the territories where the Group operates could adversely affect the Group's businesses.

Terrorism, Pandemic and Natural Disasters

The Group's operations are vulnerable to the effects of terrorism, either directly through the impact of an act of terrorism or indirectly through the effect on the Group's businesses of generally reduced economic activity in response to the threat, or an actual act, of terrorism.

The Group businesses could be impacted by a global or regional pandemic which seriously affected economic activity or the ability of businesses to operate smoothly. In addition, many of the territories in which the Group operates can experience from time to time natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons.

Responsibility Statement

The Directors of the Company confirm to the best of their knowledge that:

(a) the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, including International Accounting Standards and Interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board; and

(b) the sections of the Company's 2018 Annual Report, including the Chairman's Statement, and Business Review and the Principal Risks and Uncertainties, which constitute the management report, include a fair review of all information required to be disclosed by the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules 4.1.8 to 4.1.11 issued by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom.

For and on behalf of the Board

Ben Keswick

Y.K. Pang

Directors

 
 
  The final dividend of USc24 per share will be payable on 15th 
   May 2019, subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting 
   to be held on 9th May 2019, to shareholders on the register 
   of members at the close of business on 15th March 2019. The 
   shares will be quoted ex-dividend on 14th March 2019 and the 
   share registers will be closed from 18th to 22nd March 2019, 
   inclusive. The dividend will be available in cash with a scrip 
   alternative. 
 
   Shareholders will receive their cash dividends in United States 
   Dollars, unless they are registered on the Jersey branch register, 
   in which case they will have the option to elect for their 
   dividends to be paid in Sterling. These shareholders may make 
   new currency elections for the 2018 final dividend by notifying 
   the United Kingdom transfer agent in writing by 18th April 
   2019. The Sterling equivalent of dividends declared in United 
   States Dollars will be calculated by reference to a rate prevailing 
   on 2nd May 2019. 
 
   Shareholders holding their shares through CREST in the United 
   Kingdom will receive their cash dividends in Sterling only 
   as calculated above. Shareholders holding their shares through 
   The Central Depository (Pte) Limited ('CDP') in Singapore will 
   receive their cash dividends in United States Dollars unless 
   they elect, through CDP, to receive Singapore Dollars. 
 
   Shareholders on the Singapore branch register who wish to deposit 
   their shares into the CDP system by the dividend record date, 
   being 15th March 2019, must submit the relevant documents to 
   M & C Services Private Limited, the Singapore branch registrar, 
   no later than 5.00 p.m. (local time) on 14th March 2019. 
 
 

Jardine Strategic

Jardine Strategic is a holding company which makes long-term strategic investments in multinational businesses, particularly those with an Asian focus, and in other high quality companies with existing or potential links with the Group. Its principal attributable interests are in Jardine Matheson (58%), Hongkong Land (50%), Dairy Farm (78%), Mandarin Oriental (78%) and Jardine Cycle & Carriage (75%), which in turn has a 50% interest in Astra. It also has minority interests in Greatview Aseptic Packaging and Zhongsheng. Jardine Strategic is 84% held by Jardine Matheson.

The Group companies operate in the fields of motor vehicles and related operations, property investment and development, food retailing, home furnishings, engineering and construction, transport services, insurance broking, restaurants, luxury hotels, financial services, heavy equipment, mining and agribusiness.

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited is incorporated in Bermuda and has a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange, with secondary listings in Bermuda and Singapore. The Company's interests are managed from Hong Kong by Jardine Matheson Limited.

- end -

For further information, please contact:

 
Jardine Matheson Limited 
John Witt                                             (852) 2843 8278 
 
Brunswick Group Limited 
Karin Wong                                            (852) 3512 5077 
 
Full text of the Preliminary Announcement of Results and the 
 Preliminary Financial Statements for the year ended 31st December 
 2018 can be accessed through the internet at www.jardines.com. 
 

This information is provided by RNS, the news service of the London Stock Exchange. RNS is approved by the Financial Conduct Authority to act as a Primary Information Provider in the United Kingdom. Terms and conditions relating to the use and distribution of this information may apply. For further information, please contact rns@lseg.com or visit www.rns.com.

END

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February 28, 2019 04:25 ET (09:25 GMT)

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