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| Share Name | Share Symbol | Market | Type | Share ISIN | Share Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europa Metals Ltd | LSE:EUZ | London | Ordinary Share | AU0000090060 | ORD NPV (DI) |
| Price Change | % Change | Share Price | Bid Price | Offer Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Shares Traded | Last Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.00% | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 961 | 08:00:00 |
| Industry Sector | Turnover | Profit | EPS - Basic | PE Ratio | Market Cap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold Ores | 0 | -3.38M | -0.0359 | -0.43 | 1.46M |
From Apr 2019 to Apr 2024
TIDMEUZ
RNS Number : 8937J
Europa Metals Ltd
10 December 2018
10 December 2018
Europa Metals Ltd
("Europa Metals", the "Company" or the "Group") (ASX, AIM, JSE: EUZ)
Scoping Study Results and Revised Mineral Resource Estimate for the Toral Project, Spain
Announcement
Scoping Study Highlights:
-- Positive Scoping Study completed for Europa Metals' Toral lead, zinc and silver project
-- Three conceptual underground mining development and production scenarios considered throughout the Study
-- The conceptual scenario selected progresses decline access ramp with a high grade focus
o Mechanised Cut and Fill (MCAF) mining method proposed
o Entry to mine via a principal decline reaching various levels
o Series of internal mining inclined ramps constructed to access levels
o A ventilation raise would be drilled (raise-bored) to provide both adequate ambient conditions underground and a second, emergency means of access/egress into the mine
o Ore transported to a flotation process plant by conveyor or haul truck from the mine and crushed to a suitable product for milling
o Milled ore floated by standard flotation technology to provide two products: lead and zinc concentrate. Silver will probably report to the lead concentrate for sale as a combined product
o 4x4 metre mine standard development size
o 4% Zn Eq cut-off used with potential for mine life extension
-- Key Recommendations: Infill drilling campaign to convert resources to the Indicated category (JORC 2012), metallurgical and geotechnical test work and progression to a full feasibility study
Europa Metals, the European lead-zinc explorer, is pleased to announce the results of an independent Scoping Study completed in accordance with JORC 2012 for its wholly owned Toral Project located in the Castilla y León region, Northwest Spain. The findings of the Study are positive with a recommendation that the Toral Project should be progressed towards a feasibility study to determine full economics, technical and environmental parameters for an underground mining operation focussed on near-term recovery of the higher-grade mineralised zones.
Further to discussions with the ASX and in accordance with Section 8.5 of ASX Guidance Note 31, the Company will not make public any economic forecasts from the Scoping Study until further work has been undertaken to prove up at least 60% of the estimated resource from an Inferred to the Indicated category as per the JORC (2012) guidelines. The comprehensive Scoping Study will be made available in full to industry groups on application to the Company. Key elements include:
-- Three conceptual underground mining development and production scenarios considered throughout the Study
-- The conceptual scenario selected progresses decline access ramp with a high grade focus
-- 4x4 metre mine standard development size -- Mining method and production schedule over estimated mine life -- Efficient mining block sequence identified
-- Key Recommendations: Infill drilling campaign to convert resources to the indicated category (JORC 2012), metallurgical and geotechnical test work and progression to a full feasibility study.
Commenting today, Laurence Read, Executive Director of Europa Metals, said:
"After an intense year of activity, Europa Metals has successfully obtained a highly detailed Scoping Study, which clearly recommends that we progress our Toral Project in order to investigate distinct high grade resource areas and complete all of the necessary metallurgical testwork. The Study also identified an anomaly in the licence area during the finalisation stage of the report which has now been investigated and rectified.
"The work undertaken on the Scoping Study models a series of development scenarios, from which one clear path has become apparent. We shall now use the Study to inform a core part of our strategy for 2019 as we aim to progress with a full feasibility study. We look forward to announcing results from our first diamond drill campaign shortly and to continue work on this promising project next year."
Commenting today, Myles Campion, Executive/Technical Director of Europa Metals, said:
"Both our team on site at Toral and AMS have delivered a robust and positive Scoping Study, on time and on budget. We identified the clear potential of the asset last year and have taken a big step forward with this Study in identifying where value can be further defined and most efficiently extracted.
"I look forward to advancing our understanding via further work on the Toral deposit next year."
Revised JORC (2012) resource estimate
An updated JORC (2012) resource estimate is included within the Scoping Study comprising 16 million tonnes, in the Inferred category, @ 7.5% Zn equivalent (Pb, Ag), 3.9% zinc, 3.1% lead and 24g/t silver equating to 640,000 tonnes of zinc, 510,000 tonnes of lead and 13 million ounces of silver*. The reduction in the resource is due to a coordinate anomaly on the licence area, discovered during the verification process on the final draft of the Scoping Study, that resulted in an error and subsequent shift in the historical licencing coordinates. The area that now falls outside the Toral licence is the NW tip of the resource, however the Company will be able to make an application to bring it into the Toral licence area upon the future granting of a mining licence for the Toral Project. In any event, this area of the resource was considered to be outside of the Company's focus due to its proximity to the River Sil and its shallow narrow intersection characteristics.
*Zn Eq (PbAg)% is the calculated Zn equivalent incorporating silver credits as well as lead; (Zn Eq (PbAg)% = Zn + Pb*0.96 + Ag*0.022). Zn equivalent calculations were based on 3-year trailing average price statistics obtained from the London Metal Exchange and London Bullion Market Association giving an average Zn price of US$2,500/t, Pb price of US$2,100/t and Ag price of US$17/oz.
2019 Outlook
The Company currently anticipates that the results from its first diamond drilling campaign will be available in mid-December 2018, following the release of which it will look to expeditiously progress its Toral Project during 2019, with the following key objectives:
-- commencement of an Environmental Impact Study and all baseline work for the duration of 2019;
-- completion of a surface work programme, currently underway, to remap the licence area and incorporate new data into the Toral model;
-- conducting an infill diamond drilling programme targeting a distinct high grade area of the resource. Drilling will seek to convert the Inferred resource into the Indicated status; and
-- undertaking both the requisite metallurgical and geotechnical test work in order to progress the Toral Project towards a feasibility study.
Additional information on the Scoping Study
Mining Summary
AMS were engaged by the Company in June 2018 to undertake a scoping study on the Toral Project. The project area is slightly mountainous, with elevations of up to 740 metres above sea level (masl), and with rivers forming the base of the topography at 415 masl. Mineralisation is encountered at surface and, based on current testing, extends to approximately 1,100m below the surface. Following the completion of recent exploration work, mineralisation has been tested across a 2,800m strike length and the orientation of the mineralisation zone is approximately 110 degrees, averaging approximately 3 metres in thickness. Mineralisation is hosted in a dominant single structure or "lode" along and immediately adjacent to the limestone-slate contact, with six subordinate lodes.
The region and immediate local area surrounding the project has been host to a mining industry for a significant period of time with the adjacent, Antonina lead-zinc mine (1935-1983) situated 2km away from Toral. Data sets to determine the potential for a viable lead-zinc mine are as follows:
- zinc equivalent Inferred Resource of 16 Mt (7.5% Zn equivalent with Pb and Ag credits) and 24 g/t Ag with 640,000 contained tonnes of zinc, 510,000 contained tonnes of lead and 13 million ounces of contained silver;
- historical mining data for mines in the area including metallurgical assumptions, supported by recent mineralogical studies;
- detailed examination of equivalent plant types currently in operation in terms of throughput and costs; and
- potential routes for product based on known existing concentrate-smelter routes for lead-zinc in the wider region.
The Scoping Study concluded that, as a result of the Toral deposit being sub vertical and its particular combination of depth and thickness, underground mining is a viable development option.
The results of the Scoping Study also suggest that the Toral Project should be investigated to a feasibility study stage in order to determine full technical and economic viability for a high-grade lead-zinc-silver mine with the potential for extension of mineralisation outside of the currently estimated conceptual mine life. Plant construction and processing is anticipated to be low cost with concentrate production modelled on existing long-term metrics for other mines in the region. The focus for Europa Metals will be to move the existing high-grade resources from Inferred to the Indicated category (JORC 2012) and conclude metallurgical testing on samples to confirm the processing assumptions for final concentrates.
Updated Mineral Resource
As part of the Scoping Study's licence tenure and permitting investigative work and verification checks, an identified permit location shift has prompted the requirement to revise the previously reported Toral Mineral Resource Estimate within Europa Metals' licence 15.199 and update the input mineral resource block model used for the purposes of the Scoping Study.
The issue has arisen due to a legacy discrepancy between the historical and current coordinate systems used in the mining and permitting industry in Spain. The Mineral Resource estimate was therefore updated due to a coordinate discrepancy and, as such, the block model was also updated to reflect this change. The reduction in the reported resource through the tenement shift in no way affects the Scoping Study and economic potential of the project.
The portion of the deposit affected by the boundary issue, containing approximately 3 million tonnes of mineralisation, is in the north-western extension of the deposit, a very narrow area not currently considered to be of interest in terms of future mining. The adjustment to the input block model in no way affects the technical and economic findings of the Scoping Study at this stage.
Under Spanish mining law the area concerned can be secured by Europa Metals at the point the Company converts its exploration licence to a mining licence, as it cannot be claimed by third parties, except for the very far western extension, due to the presence of a limestone quarry that operates at surface. It is envisaged that the quarry will attract little interest due to the elements on surface including a national road and a river; accordingly, the quarry area can only be mined by underground methods for high value minerals, if determined economically viable.
Apart from the area under the limestone quarry, which will require direct negotiation with its owner, the other areas are subject to a defined procedure set out under Spanish mining law and it is currently anticipated that such areas will be incorporated into Europa Metals' Toral property upon future grant of a mining license. The Board of the Company believes that there are no competitors in relation to securing this further acreage.
The above mentioned reduction in the licence area has led to a temporary loss of approximately 3 million tonnes of resource as set out in Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2.Table 1: Comparison Between the September 2018 and December 2018 Reduced Licence Area
Hot Features
Premium
4% Zn Eq Tonnes Density Zn Zn Eq Zn Pb Ag Contained Contained Ag Troy
(PbAg)% (Millions) g/cm(3) Eq (PbAg)% % % g/t Zn Tonnes Pb Tonnes Oz
(Pb)% (000s) (000s) (Millions)
September
2018
Resource 19 2.8 6.9 7.4 3.9 3.1 24 720 570 14
------------ --------- ------- --------- ---- ---- ----- ----------- ----------- -------------
December
2018
Resource 16 2.8 7 7.5 3.9 3.1 24 640 510 13
------------ --------- ------- --------- ---- ---- ----- ----------- ----------- -------------
Figure 1: Resource Outside of Current Licence Area Looking North
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_1-2018-12-9.pdf
Figure 2: Resource Outside of Current Licence Area in Plan
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_2-2018-12-9.pdf
Mine Development Scenarios
Entry into the mine would be via a principal decline to reach the various levels, and internally, within the mine, a series of inclined ramps would be constructed to access the various levels. A ventilation raise would be drilled (raise-bored) to provide both adequate ambient conditions underground and a second, emergency means of access/egress into the mine. Actual positioning of this ventilation raise will be decided at the feasibility stage.
Ore would be delivered to a flotation processing plant by conveyor or haul truck from the mine and crushed to a suitable product for milling. The milled ore would then be floated by standard flotation technology to provide two products - a lead and a zinc concentrate. The silver would probably report to the lead concentrate, the combined metal product then being sold for process separation by the purchaser. These concentrates would be marketable on the open market or via specialist traders.
Two conceptual mining sequencing scenarios were considered:
1. The first approach considered was to dig the mine access decline from surface and to mine the near surface +4% mining blocks to start the mine production sequence as quickly as possible. However, these higher-level blocks are relatively low-grade blocks, due to the current thickness of sub-2.5m and resultant applied grade dilution. In terms of decline approach mining blocks 1 through to 10 have been identified, progressing down to block 20 and zero RL, then across to higher grade core as shown in the mining block model in Figure 3.
2. The second approach targeted mining blocks in the high-grade mineralised core directly, as these blocks in the centre of the mine might prove more attractive financially even though these blocks would take longer to access, being deeper into the mine. Commencing production at mining block 21 (labelled in Figure 3) onwards, mining the lower numbered mining blocks later in the life of mine - this approach has been identified as the preferred option for further investigation.
Conceptual sequencing scenarios 1 and 2 in relation to the diluted block model Zn Eq grades are shown below in Figure 3. Conceptual mine access and haulage designs are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 3: Conceptual Sequence scenarios 1 and 2 and diluted Zn Eq (Pb, Ag) mining block grades
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_3-2018-12-9.pdf
Figure 4: Toral Pb-Zn 3D Solid Model, Conceptual Access Decline and Haulage Shaft 3D view looking South
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_4-2018-12-9.pdf
Figure 5: Toral Pb-Zn 3D Solid Model, Conceptual Access Decline and Haulage Shaft 3D view looking West
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_5-2018-12-9.pdf
Because the schedule is based on Inferred resources, it should be considered to be indicative only for the purposes of the Scoping Study and is not a statement of intended fact. Mine standard development size will be 4 m x 4 m.
Mineral Processing
The conceptual processing plant for Toral includes:
-- three-stages of crushing;
-- single stage of ball mill grinding. The ball mill will operate in a closed circuit with a cluster of hydro-cyclones;
-- sequential Pb and Zn flotation circuits, each incorporating three cleaning stages; -- concentrates and tailings dewatering circuits using thickeners; and -- concentrates and tailings storage and load-out facilities.
The three-stage crushing circuit will reduce the material with an anticipated top size of 600mm to an anticipated product size of 80% passing (P80) 12 mm.
The subsequent single stage grinding circuit will target a probable P80 grind size of 75 <MU>m, before Pb and Zn are recovered into rougher concentrates using sequential flotation. The rougher concentrates will be reground to a size to be confirmed before using a cleaner flotation circuit, but 20 to 35 <MU>m may be needed. The provisional plant flow block diagram is shown in figure 6.
Figure 6: Provisional Process Flow Diagram
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_6-2018-12-9.pdf
Mine Access
It is proposed that the main access into the Toral underground mine would be via a decline. However, because of the known vertical extent of the deposit, ore haulage by means of this decline would most likely be uneconomic below around 600m in vertical depth. Accepted practice is that decline haulage usually is uneconomic at vertical depths of greater than 600m. Ore haulage would therefore be by alternative means, as discussed below.
Since ore haulage in trackless vehicles would not be economic at the sorts of depths anticipated at Toral, it is proposed to mine a raise-bored shaft, equipped with rope guides, to be used as a rock hoist.
Because the decline is not intended to be used as an ore haulage route, the gradient may be made steeper than if diesel trucks were being used. The choice of gradient for the haulage case is 8% - based on good practice for trackless vehicles. Steeper gradients are possible, and manufacturers claim that steeper grades are possible, but experience dictates that there is a longer-term cost to employing steeper gradients. On the other hand, where regular haulage in the decline is not proposed, a gradient of 12% is acceptable.
Plant Location
Following a desk study review of six sites, three potential plant sites were identified and investigated further, located on the Northern flank of the Toral ridge, as shown in Figure 7. Of the three, two are within the licence boundary and represent likely candidates for further investigation and qualification as part of next step feasibility work.
Figure 7: Toral Plant and Tailings Locations and resource model >4% ZnEq. Plan View.
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_7-2018-12-9.pdf
Conceptual plant layout for sites at Chantin and Peon and conceptual plant 3D solids for Chantin are shown below in Figures 8 and 9 respectively.
Figure 8: Conceptual Plant Layout for Chantin and Peon Sites, and conceptual tailings sites
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_8-2018-12-9.pdf
Figure 9: Conceptual Plant 3D Solids tailings for Chantin Site
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_9-2018-12-9.pdf
Indicative Mining
The choice of mining method is based on the following factors:
-- relatively narrow ore zones (3m) -- steeply dipping zones -- weak mining footwall - slates -- good hanging wall (carbonates) -- medium grade ore - 4 - 8 % Pb/Zn equivalent range
Mechanised Cut and Fill (MCAF) is the proposed method within the Scoping Study. To investigate the ability to mine economically and in sufficient quantities, AMS generated a resource block model with a minimum mining width of 2.5m, with dilution factor applied. This had little material effect on the overall resource grade but would ensure that the more productive mining method of MCAF can be employed and help identify those areas where local dilution does significantly impact on grade for exclusion from the conceptual production plan, and/or possible application of other methods of mining.
Main access levels would be developed at 100 metre vertical intervals from which stope accesses would be developed. A stope block would be 50 metres in height and would be up to 100 metres along strike. Much of the development would be in the mineralisation. At the base of the stope would be an extraction drive from which an ore pass raise would be developed. At the stope sill level, about 5 metres above the extraction drive, the first cut would be developed along strike, advancing as a single face at a height of 5 metres. At the end of the stope, the hanging wall would be extracted in retreat by drilling uppers back along the stope length. Blasted ore would be handled by Load, Haul Dump machine ("LHD") into the ore pass raise for mucking on the extraction level into haul trucks. At the end of the first pass, the stope floor would be raised by a combination of waste rock and classified tailings hydraulically placed.
On completion of the fill cycle, stoping activity would be resumed. The ore pass raise would be extended by concrete segments up through the fill and the stope progresses upwards. The stope will extend upwards to a level around 4 metres below the extraction level of the stope above. This crown pillar might be extracted in future and the design for this will be elaborated in any future feasibility study.
In some areas, where the mineral width is less than the minimum mining width of 2.5m, the stope has been bulked out by introducing lower grade surrounding material. Although this has the effect of reducing the stope grade, it will enable the use of a more efficient and lower cost mining method and identify those areas where dilution does significantly impact on grade for exclusion from the production plan, or possible application of other methods of mining.
A schematic diagram for mechanised cut and fill is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Schematic Mechanised Cut and Fill Diagram (Source: Queens University Mines Department)
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_10-2018-12-9.pdf
Waste Rock
Waste rock from initial underground development before backfilling is required, if suitable, will be utilised for construction and for the initial starter wall for tailings facilities.
It is not anticipated that Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or Metal Leaching (ML) will be a significant issue from the Toral waste rock as the deposit is associated with high acid-consuming carbonates /dolomite. Nevertheless, ore, waste rock and tailings will be the subject of a comprehensive geochemical characterisation study with AMD/ML predictive testwork as part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and technical studies. Utilisation of waste rock will be determined by these studies.
Any surface placement of waste rock will minimise haul distance; stay within the mine's lease area; fit the natural terrain and be at sufficient distance from the Sil River to allow water management; avoid archaeological sites and important cultural/tourist sightlines and will not compromise further ore targets. At this stage of the Toral Project's planning it is anticipated that waste rock will be co-disposed of with process tailings.
Market Studies and Contracts
No market studies have been completed for the project at this time, but the zinc concentrate produced at Rubiales (28 km from Toral) was noted to contain 0.12% cadmium and 0.16% mercury so mine product is likely to need appropriate blending at smelters.
No contractual arrangements for smelting exist at this time. Furthermore, no contractual arrangements have been entered into for the potential future sale of zinc or lead concentrate at this time. These are assumed and will require further investigation and negotiation as part of a pre-feasibility study, however, the Scoping Study notes the following:
-- Glencore plc provides options at Asturiana and Portovesme, also Nordenham in Northern Germany.
-- Transport of concentrate by boat to Scandinavia and Northern Germany could be an option if Asturiana and Portovesme are not suitable.
-- The third party, Tara Mine's, Pb-Zn concentrates are shipped via Dublin Port to Boliden AB's smelters in Kokkola, Finland and Odda, Norway.
-- Nyrstar N.V. has smelters in Europe while Boliden AB has smelters in Scandinavia.
Capital and Operating Costs
As 100% of the Mineral Resources at Toral are currently in the Inferred category, in accordance with Section 8.5 of ASX Guidance Note 31, the Company is not able to publish a production target or forecast financial information at this time.
Economic Analysis
Europa Metals commissioned AMS to undertake a financial modelling exercise for the Toral Project, based on a number of different processing scenarios and mining methods. The results of this exercise, as well as the overall positive outcomes of the Scoping Study, supports the commencement of a full feasibility study. However, since 100% of the Mineral Resources at Toral are currently in the Inferred resource category, in accordance with Section 8.5 of ASX Guidance Note 31, the Company is not able to publish a production target or forecast financial information at this time.
Resource Statement
For the purposes of the Scoping Study, the input block model resource estimate used was an updated version of that reported in the Company's announcement of 20 September 2018 and is set out below:
The reported total Inferred resource estimate for the Toral Project has an effective date of 29 October 2018 and issue date of 3 December 2018 and is approximately 16 million tonnes at 7.5% Zn Equivalent (including Pb and Ag credits) and 24 g/t Ag. Individual zinc and lead grades are 3.9% Zn and 3.1% Pb, with an estimated metal content of 640,000 tonnes of zinc, 510,000 tonnes of lead and 13 million troy ounces of silver.
It is the Company's opinion that all the elements included in the metal equivalents calculation have a reasonable potential to be recovered and sold. Grade tonnage curves are shown in Figure 11 below.
Figure 11: Grade Tonnage Curves, tonnage based on Zn equivalent with Pb and Ag credits.
See link: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_11-2018-12-9.pdf
Table 2: Summary of Inferred Mineral Resources for the Toral Project reported at a 4.0% Zn equivalent cut-off grade and estimated grade and tonnages at various cut off grades.
Cut-Off Tonnes Density Zn Eq Zn Eq Zn % Pb % Ag g/t Contained Contained Ag Troy
Zn Eq (Millions) g/cm(3) (Pb)% (PbAg)% Zn Tonnes Pb Tonnes Oz
(PbAg)% (000s) (000s) (Millions)
Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 9.6 2.8 8.6 9.3 4.7 4 30 450 390 9.1
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
5 13 2.8 7.7 8.3 4.3 3.5 26 570 450 11
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
4 16 2.8 7 7.5 3.9 3.1 24 640 510 13
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
3 19 2.8 6.4 6.9 3.7 2.9 22 700 550 14
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
Transitional Oxide Material
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 1.5 2.4 5 5.6 2.4 2.7 27 36 42 1.3
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
Unweathered Fresh Rock
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 15 2.8 7.2 7.7 4.1 3.2 24 610 470 11
------------ --------- ------- --------- ----- ----- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------
Notes:
1. No mineral reserve calculations have been undertaken. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Please refer to the "Cautionary Statement" at the beginning of this announcement.
2. Numbers are rounded to reflect the fact that an Estimate of Resources is being reported as stipulated by JORC 2012. Rounding of numbers may result in differences in calculated totals and averages. All tonnages are metric tonnes.
3. Zn equivalent calculations were based on 3 year trailing average price statistics obtained from the London Metal Exchange and London Bullion Market Association giving an average Zn price of US$2,500/t, Pb price of US$2,100/t and Ag price of US$17/oz. Recovery and selling factors were incorporated into the calculation of Zn Eq values. It is the Company's opinion that the elements included in the metal equivalents calculation (Zinc, Lead and Silver) have a reasonable potential to be recovered and sold.
4. Zn Eq (PbAg)% is the calculated Zn equivalent incorporating silver credits as well as lead and is the parameter used to define the cut-off grade used for reporting resources (Zn Eq (PbAg)% = Zn + Pb*0.96 + Ag*0.022).
5. Zn Eq (Pb)% is the calculated Zn equivalent using lead credits only. It is displayed here for comparison purposes (Zn Eq (Pb)% = Zn + Pb*0.96).
6. The mineral resource estimate set out above for the zinc, lead and silver mineralisation in the Toral Project area is based on a 3D geologic model and wireframe restricted block model that integrated the exploration work on the Toral Project up to 20(th) September 2018. The block model used uniform cell size of 50x2x50m to best suit the orientation of the mineralisation and sample spacing. The block model was rotated by 20deg in plan view to best match the trend of mineralisation. Sub cells were applied to better fit the wireframe solid models and preserve accurate volume as much as possible. Cells were interpolated at the parent block scale using an Ordinary Kriged interpolation technique with a single search ellipsoid orientated to the interpreted strike, dip and pitch of mineralisation.
7. No top cutting was applied to Zn or Pb grades due to the upper detection limit of the data being 30%. High-grade outlier values for Ag were capped ('top-cut') at 200 ppm (g/t) based on the data distribution and statistics.
8. The Inferred mineral resource category for the Toral zinc-lead-silver project set out in Table 2 (at cut-off grades >4% Zn Equivalent) complies with the resource definitions as described in the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. The JORC Code, 2012 Edition. Prepared by: The Joint Ore Reserves Committee of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Australian Institute of Geoscientists and Minerals Council of Australia (JORC).
9. The tonnages and grades reported at a cut-off grade of 3% Zn equivalent are below the economic cut-off grade of 4% and as such should not be considered mineral resources and they are shown here for comparison purposes only.
Mineral resources are reported in accordance with the JORC Code, 2012 edition and in compliance with the Australian Stock Exchange Chapter 5 'Additional reporting on mining and oil and gas production and exploration activities' Clause 5.8 (5.8.1 and 5.8.2). Set out in the appendix to this announcement, JORC 2012 Table 1 Sections 1-4 provides all the information that is material to the understanding of the reported mineral resources.
In September to October 2018, Europa Metals completed four reverse circulation drill holes drilled to the East of the input resource block model as reported in the Company's announcement of 31 October 2018. The results of these holes are currently not included in the input block model used in the Scoping Study. An updated geological model and mineral resource estimates are to be completed and reported in due course.
Environmental and Social Issues
Initial screening review has considered the potential impacts of the Toral Project on the landscape and land-use, hydrology (particularly to the Sil River), biodiversity, project neighbours and to local socio-economics. While some impacts are inevitable with any mining operation, no fatal flaw or red flag issues have been identified at this stage.
Land-use Designation
The project area covers the municipalities of Carracedelo, Sobrado, Borrenes, Carucedo, Villadecanes and Toral de los Vados although none of these villages are in the mining lease. Three of the Toral Project area municipalities currently designate the project ridge area as protected forest and change of land-use will therefore be part of the permitting requirements. The process to convert the land use designation to allow full mine development has been initiated by the Company and discussions with the Junta of Castilla y León have led to an agreed course of action. A specialist consultancy, MAGMA Soluciones Ambientales SL (MAGMA), has been engaged to progress the land-use applications with the three municipalities concerned. MAGMA has a proven track record of successfully modifying municipal planning instruments for natural resources projects.
In summary, this process requires an initial review of current land use with submissions to each municipality, followed by a series of studies and reports presented at municipal, provincial and federal level. The process is estimated to take approximately 18 months. The work programme for the environmental permitting will run alongside the change of land-use applications.
By way of a precautionary note, permitting could require a long lead-time, as permitting in Castilla y León can be very protracted, especially where additional studies are stipulated. It is critical to ensure continuous engagement and discussions with the environmental authorities and local stakeholders to agree the ESIA's terms of reference and constantly update them on its progress and findings in order to pre-empt the demand for lengthy additional studies following ESIA submission.
Recommendations
Exploration Recommendations
The Scoping Study and application of grade thickness and dilution parameters, and likely mine production schedules, have identified key resource areas for follow up, thereby aiding the next phase of infill and step out drill and trench targeting and formulation of additional exploration work programmes.
In order to progress the project, systematic closed grid drilling is required to test the higher-grade areas to de-risk the Toral Project as well as to inform the model and recategorise tonnes into the Indicated resource category.
A combination of deep drilling is recommended to upgrade the model. In addition, shallower holes and trenching to define the upper extents of mineralisation and add additional tonnes in both the east and west strike extents is also recommended. In particular, there is scope to improve potential short term production opportunities by step out drilling in untested areas above the high-grade zone to extend the high-grade core towards shallower earlier accessible levels.
The future upgrade of mineral resources to a higher classification and the identification of additional resources is not guaranteed. However, it is reasonable to expect such increases as a result of the following work:
-- Infill and step-out drilling in areas of low data density and drill testing of thrust repeat zones.
-- Sampling and re-sampling of existing drill core to allow grade control to deposit boundaries as opposed to sampling interval control and use of actual wall rock grade values for mining shape dilution skins.
-- Accompanying controlled surface trench sampling and logging on drill traverses. -- Airborne and ground based Geophysical surveys -- Improved drilling recoveries.
-- Further sampling and structural analysis of the mineral deposit. In particular the collection of orientated drill core structural readings to aid confidence in the modelling of mineralised domain geometries.
-- Continued and improved Quality Assurance and Quality Control. -- Continued and improved downhole orientation surveys.
-- Collection of further density determination across all lithologies, material types and grade ranges within the mineralised areas and in the surrounding waste rocks.
-- Utilisation and application of findings from the Rubiales technical and academic studies, in particular structural controls on mineralisation and focus of high grade zones and mineral zonation in certain potentially deleterious elements.
Mining Recommendations
-- Geotechnical drilling and test work -- Structural data capture and modelling -- Equipment and mine development, labour and power cost quotations
-- Infill drilling to update resources to a higher classification to enable a more accurate production plan and mine design
Processing Recommendations
-- Perform metallurgical testwork on a number of samples of differing characteristics so that a flowsheet specific for Toral material can be developed.
-- Undertake further SEM testwork e.g. modal proportions, deportment, grain sizes, liberation analysis (on crushed material/concentrates) and association data.
-- Develop process engineering. -- Develop CAPEX and OPEX with possible trade-offs between them.
-- Produce concentrate samples so that an assessment can be made of deleterious elements for smelters.
Environmental Recommendations
The work undertaken to date is considered adequate for the current stage of the Toral Project and allows a basic understanding of the environmental and social issues likely to affect the project. The additional work recommended by AMS is to advance the permitting, change of land-use designation, land acquisition, baseline studies and impact assessments required for the next stage of the project's development.
Metals price and Cut Off
The Company has reviewed the latest model along with its appointed geological consultants, AMS, and concluded that a 4% cut-off was appropriate utilising estimated mining parameters typical for similar types of projects and mineralogy, and an historical three-year trailing average for metal prices, which, although conservative, was deemed appropriate at this stage in the project's development.
Zn Price Used: US$2,500/t US$c/lb1.13 Pb Price Used: US$2,100/t US$c/lb0.95 Ag Price Used: US$17/oz
Competent Person's statement
The Scoping Study and JORC (2012) resource estimate for Toral was prepared by Mr J.N. Hogg, MSc. MAIG Principal Geologist for AMS, Mr J. Bennett BSc (Hons). ARSM, FIMMM CEng Associate Principal Mining Engineer for AMS, Dr N. Holloway, CEng, FIMMM Associate Processing Engineer for AMS, and Dr S. Struthers CEnv, FIMMM, Associate Environmental Consultant for AMS together being independent Competent Persons within the meaning of the JORC (2012) code and qualified persons under the AIM Note for Mining and Oil & Gas Companies. The Scoping Study was aided by Mr R. J. Siddle, MSc, MAIG Senior Resource Geologist for AMS, under the guidance of the competent persons. Mr Hogg, Mr Bennett, Mr Holloway and Ms Struthers have reviewed and verified the technical information that forms the basis of, and has been used in the preparation of, the Scoping Study and this announcement, including all analytical data, assumed and acquired technical and economic inputs, diamond drill hole logs, QA/QC data, density measurements, and sampling, diamond drilling and analytical techniques, and consent to the inclusion in this announcement of the matters based on the information, in the form and context in which it appears. Mr Hogg, Mr Bennett, Mr Holloway and Ms Struthers have also reviewed and approved the technical information in their capacities as qualified persons under the AIM Rules for Companies.
Additionally, Mr Hogg confirms that the entity is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information contained within the Company's previous announcements referred to herein.
For further information on the Company, please visit www.europametals.com or contact:
Europa Metals Ltd
Dan Smith, Non-Executive Director and Company Secretary (Australia)
T: +61 417 978 955
Laurence Read, Executive Director (UK)
T: +44 (0)20 3289 9923
Strand Hanson Limited (Nominated Adviser)
Rory Murphy / Matthew Chandler
T: +44 (0)20 7409 3494
Turner Pope Investments (TPI) Limited (Broker)
Andy Thacker
T: +44 (0)20 3621 4120
Sasfin Capital Proprietary Limited (a member of the Sasfin group) (JSE Sponsor)
Sharon Owens
T (direct): +27 11 809 7762
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014.
Glossary of technical terms:
"Ag" silver;
"g" grammes;
"g/t" grammes per tonne;
"Inferred Resource" that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity
and grade (or quality) are estimated on the basis
of limited geological evidence and sampling. Geological
evidence is sufficient to imply but not verify geological
and grade (or quality) continuity. It is based on
exploration, sampling and testing information gathered
through appropriate techniques from locations such
as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill
holes;
"JORC" the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration
Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, as
published by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee of
The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,
Australian Institute of Geoscientists and Minerals
Council of Australia;
"JORC (2012)" the 2012 edition of the JORC code;
"LHD" Load, Haul, Dump;
"m" metre;
"masl" metres above sea level
"Mineral Resource" a concentration or occurrence of material of economic
interest in or on the earth's crust in such form
and quantity that there are reasonable and realistic
prospects for eventual economic extraction. The
location, quantity, grade, continuity, and other
geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource
are known, estimated from specific geological evidence
and knowledge, or interpreted from a well-constrained
and portrayed geological model;
"Mt" million tonnes;
"oz" troy ounce;
"Pb" lead;
"SEM" Scanning electron microscope;
"QA/QC" quality assurance/quality control;
"Zn" zinc.
Appendix: Table 1 Appendix 5A ASX Listing Rules (JORC 2012)
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary related to the Toral
Project
Sampling Historic and recent diamond drill
techniques * Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, core and underground
random chips, or specific specialised industry cut channel sampling. Three main
standard measurement tools appropriate to the phases of exploration
minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma drilling and sampling:
sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These 1972 - 1984 Peñarroya - Adaro.
examples should not be taken as limiting the broad Diamond drill
meaning of sampling. core method was used to obtain
samples for geological
logging and sampling. Geological
* Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample and analytical data
representivity and the appropriate calibration of any is recorded on hardcopy. Selective
measurement tools or systems used. sampling method
was employed around areas of
interest. Sampling intervals
* Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that measure approx. 1m, half core sent
are Material to the Public Report. for analysis,
with half core retained for
reference. Exact details
* In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done on core processing, sampling
this would be relatively simple (e.g. 'reverse techniques and analytical
circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples methods are unclear, however
from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g subsequent explorers
charge for fire assay'). In other cases more Lundin Mining sent the majority of
explanation may be required, such as where there is Peñarroya
coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. core pulp reject samples to ALS
Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. Chemex for multi
submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed element re-analysis by ICP.
information. 2006 - 2008 Lundin Mining. Diamond
drill core method
was used. Core logging completed on
paper. Selective
sampling method was employed around
areas of interest.
Sampling intervals measure approx.
1m, half core
sent for analysis, with half core
retained for reference.
Samples typically 1m half core,
with samples prepared
at the then Lundin Laboratory in
Suecia, then shipped
to ALS Chemex Vancouver for
multi-element analysis
by ICP. Half core samples reduced
to -400 microns
and 100g sub-sample taken for
analysis. Multi-element
re-analysis of available
Peñarroya ddh pulp
reject samples completed at ALS
Chemex Vancouver
using ICP.
2016 - 2017 Europa Metals. Diamond
drill core and
underground cut channel sampling
methods used to
obtain samples for geological
logging and sampling.
Geological and analytical data is
recorded on hardcopy.
Selective sampling method was
employed around areas
of interest. Sampling intervals
measure approx. 1m,
half core sent for analysis, with
half core retained
for reference. Samples sent to ALS
Seville for preparation
and multi-element analysis by ICP.
Half core samples
reduced to -400 microns and 100 g
sub-sample taken
for analysis.
Drilling A total of 92 diamond drill holes
techniques * Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open-hole (Inc. wedges) for
hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) 45,000 metres, and 19 underground
and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard channels for 18.75
tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or metres were used as the input
other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by database for geological
what method, etc). modelling and resource estimation.
Drill core diameter was PQ, HQ and
NQ depending upon
depth. Tube type is unknown for
Peñarroya drilling,
triple tube method was used for
Lundin and Europa
Metals campaigns.
No orientation has been done on
drill core.
Sept-Oct 2018 Europa Metals. Four
reverse circulation
drill holes were drilled to the
East of the input
resource block model as reported in
the Company's
announcement of 31 October 2018.
The results of these
holes are currently not included in
the Study. An
updated geological model and
mineral resource estimates
are to be completed and reported in
due course.
Drill sample Recovery data was recorded for
recovery * Method of recording and assessing core and chip selected intervals
sample recoveries and results assessed. in 23 drillholes (11
Peñarroya, 6 Lundin and
6 Europa Metals).
* Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure A total of 332 core recovery
representative nature of the samples. measurements exist in
the database with average recovery
of 83%. 109 core
* Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery recovery measurements occur within
and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred the interpreted
due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse mineralised zone.
material. Core recovery was measured over
lengths often corresponding
to sample length.
Recoveries average 80% within the
mineralised zone,
ranging from 100% down to 19%
within areas of broken
ground conditions, intense
fracturing and alteration.
Statistical assessment suggests a
possible slight
bias exists between recovery and
grades, with higher
recovery returning slightly higher
average grades.
However, due to limited samples
findings are currently
inconclusive and additional
recovery data and investigation
is required to draw conclusions.
Logging Selected intervals representing
* Whether core and chip samples have been geologically areas of interest
and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to were logged in the Peñarroya
support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, drill holes. All
mining studies and metallurgical studies. Lundin and Europa Metals holes were
logged in their
entirety.
* Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in Core logging was recorded on paper
nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. logs, using a
combination of printed graphic log
templates (Peñarroya,
* The total length and percentage of the relevant Lundin), and plain paper (Europa
intersections logged. Metals).
DH lithology, alteration,
mineralisation and structural
observations were recorded by
variable interval based
on characteristical similarities
and change boundaries.
Summary interval information was
input to Excel,
comprising single code field and
codes to describe
logged lithology, alteration,
mineralisation and
major structure for the interval.
Graphic and schematic logs were
produced for all
drilling.
Lundin and Europa Metals core was
routinely photographed.
Drill core logging is considered
satisfactory for
the level of study and resource
class.
Sub-sampling The sub-sampling techniques and
techniques * If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, sample preparation
and sample half or all core taken. details are not known for the
preparation Peñarroya drill
core.
* If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary Lundin and Europa Metals core was
split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. cut by core saw
and half core submitted for
analysis.
* For all sample types, the nature, quality and Underground channels were cut by
appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. angle grinder/circular
saw. A channel approximately 7 cm
wide and 5 cm deep
* Quality control procedures adopted for all to obtain 2-3 kg sample.
sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of Sample collection, sample size,
samples. preparation and analysis
are considered appropriate for the
mineralogy and
* Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is deposit type.
representative of the in situ material collected, Samples are considered
including for instance results for field representative of the in-situ
duplicate/second-half sampling. material collected.
QAQC sample insertion procedures
were not employed
* Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain during the historical
size of the material being sampled. Peñarroya drill campaigns.
Lundin Mining completed limited
quarter core field
duplicate insertion and selected
pulp re-assay by
external lab.
Europa Metals conducted a QC
program of inserting
quarter core field duplicates,
coarse blank and pulp
blank material, external standards,
selected pulp
repeats and submission of pulp
rejects for umpire
lab analysis.
ALS internal QC exists for
Peñarroya re-analysis,
Lundin and Europa Metals sample
batches.
Quality of Historical Peñarroya assaying
assay data * The nature, quality and appropriateness of the and laboratory
and laboratory assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether procedures are unknown.
tests the technique is considered partial or total. Commercial laboratories ALS Chemex
Vancouver and
ALS Seville (ISO9001:2008) were
* For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF used for Lundin and
instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining Europa Metals drill core
the analysis including instrument make and model, respectively and Europa
reading times, calibrations factors applied and their Metals underground channel sample
derivation, etc. analysis.
Multi-element analysis, including
Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag
* Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. by ICP-MS were completed on all
standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory samples.
checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy Over limits samples were
(i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been re-analysed using ore grade
established. methods of determination.
Sample analytical techniques are
considered in line
with industry standard for this
style of mineralisation.
QAQC sample insertion procedures
were not employed
during the historical
Peñarroya drill campaigns.
However, Lundin re-analysis of
Peñarroya drill
core pulp rejects does allow for
comparison of original
and pulp duplicate analysis results
for verification
purposes.
Lundin Mining completed limited
quarter core field
duplicate insertion and pulp reject
re-analysis.
No external standards.
Europa Metals conducted a QC
programme of inserting
quarter core field duplicates,
coarse blank and pulp
blank material, standards,
selection of pulp repeats
and submission of pulp rejects for
umpire lab re-analysis.
ALS Chemex and ALS Seville internal
QC exists for
the Peñarroya Lundin
re-analysis, Lundin core
and Europa Metals core and channel
sample batches.
No significant issues or fatal
flaws were identified
from the assessment of QA data.
The nature and quantity of QAQC
data, procedures
employed, level of accuracy and
precision are considered
acceptable for the assigned
resource classification.
The quality of assay data and
laboratory tests is
acceptable for the resource
classification for this
deposit.
No geophysical tools, spectrometers
or handheld XRF
instruments were used in the
exploration and resource
work.
Verification Paper recorded drill hole logging
of sampling * The verification of significant intersections by data is transferred
and assaying either independent or alternative company personnel. to Excel, imported in to MapInfo
for viewing and
imported to Micromine 3D geological
* The use of twinned holes. modelling software
for validation.
DGPS collar and survey excel data,
* Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, and lab analytical
data verification, data storage (physical and data transferred from lab.csv, to
electronic) protocols. Excel and imported
to Micromine 3D geological
modelling software.
* Discuss any adjustment to assay data. Geological data from gallery is
observed and reported
by geologists and mining engineers.
All analytical data generated from
Lundin re-analysis
and Lundin core samples, Europa
Metals core and channel
samples for use as input to
estimation have been
verified by cross reference against
lab assay certificates,
re-import and re-building of the
project analytical
database.
No adjustment to the analytical
data was considered
necessary, other than conversion to
zinc equivalents
for reporting purposes, following
industry best practice.
Raw analytical data remained
unchanged.
Location Lundin and Europa Metals drill
of data points * Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill collars were surveyed
holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine using a Geomax 35 high-precision
workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource DGPS device Accuracy
estimation. +/-3cm. Downhole survey
measurements taken using
Reflex Maxibore downhole survey
* Specification of the grid system used. tool.
Peñarroya drill hole collar
locations were measured
* Quality and adequacy of topographic control. off plans and sections, located on
the ground and
picked up using Geomax 35
high-precision DGPS device.
Accuracy +/-5 m. Peñarroya
drill hole dip and
azimuth measured from historical
plans, cross sections
and longitudinal section. Accuracy
+/-5 m.
Old workings were surveyed using
Lieca Disto tmx310
survey device.
Co-ordinate grid system used is
European Terrestrial
Reference System 1989 UTM Zone 29.
Topographic DTM taken from 5 m
resolution Lidar data
MDT05-Lidar, from government
mapping and survey association
Plan Nacional de
Ortofotografía Aérea
(PNOA).
Data spacing Drill and UG channel sample data
and distribution * Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. spacing across the
current resource area ranges from
approximately 50-100mx50-100m
* Whether the data spacing and distribution is centres within the most densely
sufficient to establish the degree of geological and tested area towards
grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource the NW, stepping out to
and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and approximately 200mx200m within
classifications applied. the mid-section, and 100-200x500m
in the SE. Toral
ZnEq block model and sample points
* Whether sample compositing has been applied. are set out in
Figure 12 (see link:
http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexcha
nge.com/rns/8937J_12-2018-12-9.pdf
).
The distribution of drillholes, UG
channel sampling,
supported by surface and
underground mapping is sufficient
to establish the degree of
geological and grade continuity
appropriate for JORC (2012)
Inferred classification
of resources.
Intervals were not composited at
the sampling stage.
Grade compositing was done for
domain interpretation
and modelling, and 2 m length
compositing done for
grade interpolation.
Orientation Drilling is angled to intercept
of data in * Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased mineralised structures
relation sampling of possible structures and the extent to at high angle, as close to
to geological which this is known, considering the deposit type. perpendicular to dip and
structure strike as practicable.
No sample bias is introduced by
* If the relationship between the drilling orientation drilling orientation.
and the orientation of key mineralised structures is
considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this
should be assessed and reported if material.
Sample security Historical Peñarroya sample
* The measures taken to ensure sample security. security protocols
are not available.
Lundin/Europa Metals drill core is
transported from
site to logging facility in
securely covered core
boxes by the Lundin/Europa Metals
geologists.
Core logged and sampled in secure
facility.
Samples are bagged in plastic bags
and labelled with
individual sample numbers, sample
name and sample
location. Each bag is sealed to
avoid loss and contamination.
Plastic bags are placed in dry
weave bags.
Samples are delivered to laboratory
by courier in
secured boxes.
Audits or Competent Person's review and
reviews * The results of any audits or reviews of sampling discussion of sampling
techniques and data. techniques and data took place
prior to and during
the consultant's site visit between
20-22 November
2017. Findings were satisfactory
and considered appropriate
for the JORC (2012) resource
classification.
================== ============================================================ ====================================
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement Toral exploration permit
and land tenure * Type, reference name/number, location and ownership number 15.199 (also
status including agreements or material issues with third referred
parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, to as Permiso de
overriding royalties, native title interests, Investigacion), is located
historical sites, wilderness or national park and approximately
environmental settings. 400 km northwest of
Madrid, within the
Province of
* The security of the tenure held at the time of León, Autonomous
reporting along with any known impediments to Community of Castile and
obtaining a licence to operate in the area. Le n.
Licence 15.199 covers an
area of 20.29 km(2).
Exploration licence 15.199
is owned by GoldQuest
Iberica,
S.L., a wholly owned
subsidiary of Europa
Metals Limited.
The licence was renewed on
14 November 2017 for a
period
of 3 years. The current
licence period extends to
November
2020.
Exploration 1972-1984 -
done by other * Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other Peñarroya-Adaro. 55
parties parties. drill holes, 36
wedge drill holes.
1992-1995 - Geominera.
Data re-evaluation.
2005-2008 - Lundin Mining.
7 drill holes.
2009-2011 - GoldQuest
Mining. Soil and rock
geochemistry.
Historic gallery mapping.
Data evaluation. NI43-101
Mineral Resource Estimate
2012-2015 - Portex Mining
Corporation. Geological
mapping.
Data re-evaluation.
2015-2016 - GoldQuest
Iberica S.L. Soil and rock
geochemistry.
Geological mapping.
2016-2017 - GoldQuest
Iberica S.L. (Europa
Metals Limited).
6 drill holes. Historic
gallery mapping and
sampling.
Data re-evaluation and
interpretation.
Geology The Toral project is
* Deposit type, geological setting and style of located in the
mineralisation. Southwestern part
of the regional West
Asturian Leonese Zone
(WALZ),
a major
tectono-stratigraphic unit
of the Hercynian
Orogeny.
The mineralisation at
Toral is considered as
structurally
controlled carbonate
hosted Pb-Zn type. Shear
and thrust
fault-controlled
mineralisation within
favourable carbonate
lithology and favourable
contrasting contacts
between
carbonates and shales.
Styles of mineralisation
are boudinage drusy quartz
vein, replacement breccia,
disseminated clots
associated
with silica, carbonate and
chlorite alteration.
Main metallic minerals are
Sphalerite, Galena,
Pyrite,
Chalcopyrite and silver.
Drill hole Drilling:
Information * A summary of all information material to the Number of drillholes used:
understanding of the exploration results including a 92
tabulation of the following information for all Collar East: 679962mE -
Material drill holes: 684702mE
Collar North: 4708653mN -
4710598mN
o easting and northing of Collar RL: 410mRL - 753mRL
the drill hole collar Azimuth: 007deg - 345
o elevation or RL (Reduced Dip: -87deg - -40deg
Level - elevation above Length: 82.3m - 1,285.3m
sea level in metres) of Interception depth: 578mRL
the drill hole collar - -405mRL
o dip and azimuth of the UG Channels:
hole Number of channels: 19
o down hole length and interception Collar East: 680917mE -
depth 682607mE
o hole length. Collar North: 4709161mN -
* If the exclusion of this information is justified on 4709996mN
the basis that the information is not Material and Collar RL: 447mRL - 693mRL
this exclusion does not detract from the Azimuth: 010deg - 313deg
understanding of the report, the Competent Person Dip: -24deg - 19deg
should clearly explain why this is the case. Length: 0.25m - 4.25m
Cut-off date for input
data to geological
modelling
and block estimation was
September 10(th) 2018
Data aggregation No top cuts were applied
methods * In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging to the Zn and Pb data.
techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations However,
(e.g. cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are Lundin and Europa Metals
usually Material and should be stated. samples were limited to
analytical
method upper detection
* Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths limits of 30% for Zn, Pb
of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade A top cut of 200 ppm was
results, the procedure used for such aggregation applied to Ag assay data.
should be stated and some typical examples of such Data aggregation or Grade
aggregations should be shown in detail. Compositing rules for the
reporting of exploration
drill and channel
* The assumptions used for any reporting of metal significant
equivalent values should be clearly stated. results were minimum width
1m, minimum average grade
0.5% ZnEq, maximum
allowable internal waste
of 2m.
Zn equivalent calculations
were based on 3 year
trailing
average price statistics
obtained from the London
Metal
Exchange and London
Bullion Market Association
giving
an average Zn price of
US$2,500/t, Pb price of
US$2,100/t
and Ag price of US$17/oz.
Recovery and selling
factors
were incorporated into the
calculation of Zn Eq
values.
It is the Company's
opinion that all the
elements included
in the metal equivalents
calculation (Zinc, Lead
and
Silver) have a reasonable
potential to be recovered
and sold.
Relationship Mineralisation is
between mineralisation * These relationships are particularly important in the interpreted as
widths and reporting of Exploration Results. sub-vertical to steeply
intercept dipping to the NE.
lengths Angled drilling is
* If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to sub-perpendicular to +/-
the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be 20 oblique
reported. to mineralisation.
True thickness of
mineralisation ranges from
* If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are approximately
reported, there should be a clear statement to this 90%-60% downhole interval
effect (e.g. 'down hole length, true width not length.
known').
Diagrams Appropriate scaled
* Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and diagrams are included
tabulations of intercepts should be included for any within the
significant discovery being reported. These should AMS Toral JORC (2012)
include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill Resource Statement and
hole collar locations and appropriate sectional Technical
views. Report.
Balanced reporting All available exploration
* Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration data for the Toral deposit
Results is not practicable, representative reporting area has been collected
of both low and high grades and/or widths should be and reported.
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Representative
Exploration Results. data from all drillings
have been reported.
Other substantive No geophysical works have
exploration * Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, been completed.
data should be reported including (but not limited to): Geological mapping and
geological observations; geophysical survey results; solid geology map
geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and generation
method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk completed.
density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock Structural interpretation
characteristics; potential deleterious or and 3D modelling
contaminating substances. completed.
Soil geochemical surveys
demonstrate strong
coherent
Zn in soil anomalism
coincident with
interpreted controlling
structures.
No geotechnical,
metallurgical or bulk
sample test
work completed to date.
Further work Surface drilling and
* The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. trenching works testing
tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or open strike
large-scale step-out drilling). extent to the SE and
infill drilling within
current
* Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible resource limits to
extensions, including the main geological increase confidence and
interpretations and future drilling areas, provided resource
this information is not commercially sensitive. class.
Underground cut-channel
sampling and mapping.
Systematic bulk density
measurement work.
Preliminary metallurgical
testwork.
======================== =============================================================== ===========================
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Database The databases (geological and analytical) are maintained
integrity * Measures taken to ensure that data has not been by the geologist.
corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying The database for use as input to mineral resource modelling
errors, between its initial collection and its use and estimation has been validated and verified by AMS
for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. and the Competent Person.
Micromine 3D geological modelling and estimation software
used for import, validation and QAQC verification assessment.
* Data validation procedures used. Data checks include checks for overlapping and missing
intervals, dh trace errors, missing survey data, litho
and collars.
Site visits Competent Person for structurally controlled carbonate
* Comment on any site visits undertaken by the hosted Pb-Zn resource estimation is Mr. James Hogg
Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. who has a Masters Degree of Science in Mineral Exploration
and is a member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists.
A site visits was completed between 20-22 November
* If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why 2017.
this is the case.
Geological Based upon the level of available information, geological
interpretation * Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the and deposit complexity, interpretation of the main
geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. lithological boundaries and controls to mineralisation
are considered satisfactory and appropriate for the
assigned resource class.
* Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. Drillhole lithological and analytical information,
prospect scale surface geological mapping, underground
mapping and sampling, location of underground workings
* The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on were used in geological interpretation.
Mineral Resource estimation. Alternative interpretations infer potential thrust
repeats and potential for additional parallel mineralised
zones. However, at the level of information this interpretation
* The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral remains unsupported by drill data and conceptual in
Resource estimation. nature.
Geological model was used to guide the interpretation
and continuity of Zn-Pb mineralised domains.
* The factors affecting continuity both of grade and Post mineralisation transfer faults are interpreted
geology. to affect continuity by minor offset.
Dimensions Mineralisation is encountered at surface and based
* The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource on current testing, extends to approximately 1,100
expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan m below the surface. Mineralisation is currently tested
width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower across a 3,300 m strike length, the orientation of
limits of the Mineral Resource. mineralisation zone is approximately 110 degrees, averaging
approximately 3 m in thickness.
Estimation Wireframe solid models were created for each domain
and modelling * The nature and appropriateness of the estimation based on a mineralisation threshold of approximately
techniques technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including 0.2% for Zn and Pb (approximately 0.4% Zn+Pb). Analysis
treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, of Zn and Pb grades in cross section and in scatter
interpolation parameters and maximum distance of plots showed a strong relationship and no requirement
extrapolation from data points. If a computer to model Zn and Pb separately was identified. Ag showed
assisted estimation method was chosen include a a strong correlation with Pb and was estimated within
description of computer software and parameters used. the Zn/Pb mineralised domain. Interpretation of the
mineralised domains were guided by geological interpretation
of the deposit incorporating structural and lithological
* The availability of check estimates, previous boundaries.
estimates and/or mine production records and whether Extrapolation of the Zn-Pb mineralised domain equals
the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate approximately 50m along strike in the NW direction,
account of such data. approximately 50-80m below the deepest sample in the
NW and central zones, and approximately 200m below
the deepest sample in the SE zone. Mineralisation is
* The assumptions made regarding recovery of extrapolated approximately 60m along strike to the
by-products. SE. Extents of extrapolation are considered appropriate
for the level of information, deposit type, strike
and depth extents tested, observed and geostatistical
* Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade continuity and the assigned resource class of Inferred.
variables of economic significance (e.g. sulphur for Figures 13 and 14(see links: http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_13-2018-12-9.pdf
acid mine drainage characterisation). and http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/8937J_14-2018-12-9.pdf
respectively) show the extrapolated zone of mineral
domain block model.
* In the case of block model interpolation, the block All samples contained within the mineralised wireframe
size in relation to the average sample spacing and were composited to a standard length for geostatistical
the search employed. analysis and interpolation. Variography was performed
on the assay data within the primary mineralised wireframe
to generate a series of directional semi-variograms
* Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining for Zn, Pb and Ag. These variograms were used in the
units. Ordinary Kriging process where Zn, Pb and Ag were interpolated
and extrapolated using the corresponding variograms
on a domain by domain basis. A single pass search was
* Any assumptions about correlation between variables. applied to minimise conditional bias, the number of
input data in each block estimate were restricted to
prevent over smoothing of the estimates.
* Description of how the geological interpretation was The block model used uniform cell size of 50x2x50 m
used to control the resource estimates. to best suit the orientation of the mineralisation
and sample spacing. The block model was rotated by
20deg in plan view to best match the trend of mineralisation.
* Discussion of basis for using or not using grade Sub cells were applied to better fit the wireframe
cutting or capping. solid models and preserve accurate volume as much as
possible. Cells were interpolated at the parent block
scale using an Ordinary Kriged interpolation technique
* The process of validation, the checking process used, with a single search ellipsoid orientated to the interpreted
the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and strike, dip and pitch of mineralisation.
use of reconciliation data if available. No top cutting was applied to Zn or Pb grades due to
the upper detection limit of the data being 30%. High-grade
outlier values for Ag were capped ('top-cut') at 200
ppm (g/t) based on the data distribution and statistics.
The current resource completed by AMS on the Toral
project compares well with the historic 2011 NI43-101
reported resource which stated resources at 4% cut
off of 18Mt @ 8.4% (Pb+Zn), 27g/t Ag. An AMS audit
of the historic resource has identified a number of
errors and issues in regard to input data, estimation
methodology, assumptions and reporting of metal equivalents,
and considers the historic resource inaccurate and
unreliable.
The data was continually validated throughout drilling
and at the resource stage. Data was validated both
visually and in Micromine. No significant errors were
detected and the data set is considered robust and
compliant with JORC 2012 reporting standards.
A comparison between the volume and tonnage of the
block model and the volume and tonnage of the wireframe
which represents all mineral domains. The volumes of
the wireframe and block model agree within acceptable
limits.
Moisture Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis.
* Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or
with natural moisture, and the method of
determination of the moisture content.
Cut-off Zn equivalent calculations were based on 3 year trailing
parameters * The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality average price statistics obtained from the London Metal
parameters applied. Exchange and London Bullion Market Association giving
an average Zn price of US$2,500/t, Pb price of US$2,100/t
and Ag price of US$17/oz. Recovery and selling factors
were incorporated into the calculation of Zn Eq values.
It is the Company's opinion that all the elements included
in the metal equivalents calculation (Zinc, Lead and
Silver) have a reasonable potential to be recovered
and sold.
Zn Eq (PbAg)% is the calculated Zn equivalent incorporating
silver credits as well as lead and is the parameter
used to define the cut-off grade used for reporting
resources (Zn Eq (PbAg)% = Zn + Pb*0.96 + Ag*0.022).
Zn Eq (Pb)% is the calculated Zn equivalent using lead
credits and does not include silver credits. It is
displayed here for comparison purposes (Zn Eq (Pb)%
= Zn + Pb*0.96).
Mining factors Assumed mining methods are based upon a review of methods
or assumptions * Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, of extraction, cost and performance on similar type
minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if deposits.
applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always Summary of mining and processing costs used in determination
necessary as part of the process of determining of economic cut off. Assumed 90% sub level open stoping
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction and 10% shrinkage mining techniques. Description $/t Weighting Weighted
to consider potential mining methods, but the Cost / t
assumptions made regarding mining methods and Mining - Sub-level
parameters when estimating Mineral Resources may not OS 25 0.9 22.5
always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this ---- ---------- ----------
should be reported with an explanation of the basis Mining post fill 8 1 8
of the mining assumptions made. ---- ---------- ----------
Mining - shrinkage 80 0.1 8
---- ---------- ----------
Weighted average
mining cost 38.5
---- ---------- ----------
Flotation 2 products 17 1 17
---- ---------- ----------
G&A 10 1 10
---- ---------- ----------
Total per tonne
milled 65.5
---- ---------- ----------
Metallurgical Assumed processing methods are based upon a review
factors or * The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding of methods of extraction, cost and performance of similar
assumptions metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as type deposits.
part of the process of determining reasonable Summary of recovery and selling factors used in the
prospects for eventual economic extraction to determination of economic cut off and equivalents.
consider potential metallurgical methods, but the Assumed 90% sub level open stoping and 10% shrinkage
assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment mining techniques with 90% and 95% mining recoveries
processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral respectively. Discounted factor for selling concentrate
Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is product applied to metal prices. Metal Recoveries and
the case, this should be reported with an explanation Concentrate Selling Factors are taken into account
of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made. in Zn Eq calculation. Metal Metal Zn % Equivalent Mining Process Conc Metal
price Conversion Recovery Recovery Selling Contribution
US$ Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor
(MRECF) (PRECF) (CONCF)
2,500
Zn /t 1 0.905 0.93 0.85 0.55
-------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------
2,100
Pb /t 0.96 0.905 0.89 0.92 0.38
(x % Pb)
------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------
Ag 17 /Oz 0.022 0.905 0.80 0.95 0.07
(x g/t
Ag)
------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------
Zn Eq
Weighted 0.905 0.905 0.884
---------------- ---------- ---------- --------- -------------
Environmental Tailings disposal in Spain is highly regulated and
factors or * Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process a sensitive environmental issue. The proposal at Toral
assumptions residue disposal options. It is always necessary as is to maximise utilisation of tailings as underground
part of the process of determining reasonable backfill, as required for the mining method; and ensure
prospects for eventual economic extraction to minimum impact from surface storage of excess tailings.
consider the potential environmental impacts of the Initial studies favour reducing tailings water content
mining and processing operation. While at this stage and placement of thickened or filtered 'dry' tailings
the determination of potential environmental impacts, to nearby valleys and/or old quarry excavations. Sufficient
particularly for a greenfields project, may not capacity has been identified for LOM production and
always be well advanced, the status of early water management will include surface water diversion
consideration of these potential environmental channels and collection of any seepage/run-off for
impacts should be reported. Where these aspects have recycling to the plant in a closed circuit system.
not been considered this should be reported with an At this stage it is assumed that tailings storage will
explanation of the environmental assumptions made. be lined and perimeter monitoring bores will provide
detection and collection capacity for returning any
leakage to the plant.
The Scoping Study considered several options for the
location of mine waste facilities, including valley
disposal on the western end of the southern slope of
the Toral ridge, that are not within sightlines from
Las Médulas; several dis-used limestone quarries,
including 2 to the west of Toral on the other side
of the Sil River; highway and rail line; and some smaller
valleys on the northern slope of the ridge.
Bulk density The bulk density was calculated using the Archimedes
* Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis method weighting the samples in air and water using
for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, a Kern precision balance.
whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements
, The original resource database contained 190 bulk density
the nature, size and representativeness of the measurements. As part of the re-logging programme,
samples. an additional 1,002 measurements were recorded throughout
the deposit for a total of 1,192 measurements. 105
measurements occurred within the mineralised wireframe.
* The bulk density for bulk material must have been The mean of all bulk density readings within the mineralised
measured by methods that adequately account for void zone wireframe is 2.75 g/cm(3) compared with the previous
spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and mean for all readings within the mineralised domain
differences between rock and alteration zones within of 2.46 g/cm(3) thereby representing a significant
the deposit. increase in the mean density of the mineralised domain.
The mean for the mineralised domain oxide/transitional
zone is 2.4 g/cm(3) and the mean for mineralised domain
* Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used fresh material is 2.8 g/cm(3) .
in the evaluation process of the different materials.
Classification The Inferred mineral resource category for the Toral
* The basis for the classification of the Mineral zinc-lead-silver project (at cut-off grades >4% Zn
Resources into varying confidence categories. Equivalent) comply with the resource definitions as
described in Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration
Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. The JORC
* Whether appropriate account has been taken of all Code, 2012 Edition. Prepared by: The Joint Ore Reserves
relevant factors (i.e. relative confidence in Committee of The Australasian Institute of Mining and
tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, Metallurgy, Australian Institute of Geoscientists and
confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, Minerals Council of Australia (JORC).
quality, quantity and distribution of the data).
The result reflects the quality and quantity of data,
geostatistical analysis of correlation and relationship
* Whether the result appropriately reflects the between mineralised samples (semi-variography) and
Competent Person's view of the deposit. the Competent Person's view of the deposit. The semi-variography
reflects the sample density.
Effective date for the resource block model used as
input to the Scoping Study is 20 September 2018.
Audits or There has been one historical resource estimate performed
reviews * The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral on the deposit, completed in 2013 and reported in compliance
Resource estimates. with NI43-101. A review of the NI43-101 report and
available models has raised some concerns on the validity
of input data used, modelling and estimation methodologies
and resulting reliability of reported resources.
The AMS 2018 resource report has not been audited.
Discussion It is the Competent Person's opinion that the resource
of relative * Where appropriate a statement of the relative model and estimations are accurate given the quantity
accuracy/ accuracy and confidence level in the Mineral Resource and quality of data and reported in accordance with
confidence estimate using an approach or procedure deemed JORC 2012 guidelines.
appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the The level of confidence is consistent with the level
application of statistical or geostatistical of Inferred categorised mineral resource.
procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the There were sufficient statistical and geostatistical
resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such procedures to quantify the accuracy of the mineral
an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative resource.
discussion of the factors that could affect the There are no historical production records from the
relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. deposit.
* The statement should specify whether it relates to
global or local estimates, and, if local, state the
relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to
technical and economic evaluation. Documentation
should include assumptions made and the procedures
used.
* These statements of relative accuracy and confidence
of the estimate should be compared with production
data, where available.
=============== ============================================================ ===========================================================================================================
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in sections 2 and 3, also apply to this section.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral
Resource * Description of the Mineral Resource estimate used as * Mineral resource is based on ordinary kriging
estimate for a basis for the conversion to an Ore Reserve. estimation method.
conversion
to Ore
Reserves * Clear statement as to whether the Mineral Resources
are reported additional to, or inclusive of, the Ore * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
Reserves. any mining reserves.
Site visits
* Comment on any site visits undertaken by the * Numerous site visits have been undertaken by the JORC
Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. Resource Competent Persons.
* If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why
this is the case.
Study status
* The type and level of study undertaken to enable * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
Mineral Resources to be converted to Ore Reserves. any mining reserves.
* The Code requires that a study to at least
Pre-Feasibility Study level has been undertaken to * This is a Scoping Study level report and as such,
convert Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves. Such there has been no conversion from Mineral Resources
studies will have been carried out and will have to Ore Reserves.
determined a mine plan that is technically achievable
and economically viable, and that material Modifying
Factors have been considered.
Cut-off
parameters * The basis of the cut-off grade(s) or quality * Cut-off grades are based on comparable European UG
parameters applied. mining costs & long term zinc and lead prices.
Mining factors
or assumptions * The method and assumptions used as reported in the * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility Study to convert the any mining reserves.
Mineral Resource to an Ore Reserve (i.e. either by
application of appropriate factors by optimisation or
by preliminary or detailed design).
* The UG mining method and assumptions are based on
approximate mine designs of analogous deposits.
* The choice, nature and appropriateness of the
selected mining method(s) and other mining parameters
including associated design issues such as pre-strip,
access, etc. * Mechanised cut and fill (MCAF) is commonly used in
narrow, steeply dipping and irregular ore bodies.
* The assumptions made regarding geotechnical
parameters (e.g. pit slopes, stope sizes, etc.),
grade control and pre-production drilling. * Standard geotechnical conditions have been applied
for the Toral ore body.
* The major assumptions made and Mineral Resource model
used for pit and stope optimisation (if appropriate).
* Pit slope optimisation not applicable.
* The mining dilution factors used.
* Mining dilution = 5% or variable residual thickness
factor where less than 2.5m thick.
* The mining recovery factors used.
* Any minimum mining widths used. * Mining recovery = 93%.
* The manner in which Inferred Mineral Resources are
utilised in mining studies and the sensitivity of the * Minimum mining width = 2.5m.
outcome to their inclusion.
* The infrastructure requirements of the selected * 100% of the resource is inferred.
mining methods.
* A decline and associated ventilation and dewatering
infrastructure is required before the UG level
accesses can be constructed, which are required for
MCAFP mining methods.
Metallurgical
factors or * The metallurgical process proposed and the * Crush, grind & flotation is the proposed
assumptions appropriateness of that process to the style of metallurgical process, this is an appropriate process
mineralisation. for a base metals project.
* Whether the metallurgical process is well-tested
technology or novel in nature. * The process has been successfully applied for many
decades across the world.
* The nature, amount and representativeness of
metallurgical test work undertaken, the nature of the
metallurgical domaining applied and the corresponding * No metallurgical test work has been completed but
metallurgical recovery factors applied. analogies have been drawn from the Rubiales mine
which is extremely similar in terms of host geology
and mineralisation, supported by recent results of
* Any assumptions or allowances made for deleterious polished thin section petrography.
elements.
* The existence of any bulk sample or pilot scale test * No deleterious elements have been identified at this
work and the degree to which such samples are stage. However, the zinc concentrate produced at
considered representative of the orebody as a whole. Rubiales was noted to contain 0.12% cadmium and 0.16%
mercury so is likely to need appropriate blending at
smelters.
* For minerals that are defined by a specification, has
the ore reserve estimation been based on the
appropriate mineralogy to meet the specifications?
* No bulk sample or pilot scale test work has been
completed.
* This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
any mining reserves.
Environmental
* The status of studies of potential environmental * No environmental base line studies have been
impacts of the mining and processing operation. performed to date.
Details of waste rock characterisation and the
consideration of potential sites, status of design
options considered and, where applicable, the status
of approvals for process residue storage and waste * Significant desktop studies have not identified any
dumps should be reported. hinderances to permitting of the project.
* Initial mine waste and tailings disposal options have
taken visual, geochemistry, hydrology and
geotechnical considerations into account. No
characterisation studies have been completed.
Infrastructure
* The existence of appropriate infrastructure: * Infrastructure to suit a 450 Ktpa operation to be
availability of land for plant development, power, installed.
water, transportation (particularly for bulk
commodities), labour, accommodation; or the ease with
which the infrastructure can be provided or accessed. * This will consist of a mine office, change house for
employees, a warehouse for mine consumables including
drilling accessories and equipment spare parts, and a
repair shop for mine mobile equipment, although this
may be re-located underground.
* There will also be a mine electrical substation for
the underground power reticulation.
* Other site works will include site roads, not
including the mine haulage roads.
* There will also be a number of vehicles, including a
fire tender and ambulance, plus personnel vehicles
and tailings loader.
Costs
* The derivation of, or assumptions made, regarding * Capital costs are based on detailed studies by AMS on
projected capital costs in the study. other analogous mining operations.
* The methodology used to estimate operating costs.
* Operating costs based on other analogous mining
operations.
* Allowances made for the content of deleterious
elements.
* Using costs from Infomine 2018.
* The source of exchange rates used in the study.
* Derivation of transportation charges. * No deleterious elements have been identified to date.
However, the zinc concentrate produced at Rubiales
was noted to contain 0.12% cadmium and 0.16% mercury
* The basis for forecasting or source of treatment and so is likely to need appropriate blending at
refining charges, penalties for failure to meet smelters.
specification, etc.
* The allowances made for royalties payable, both * The long term average rate of US$: EUR of $1.133 has
Government and private. been applied.
* Treatment & Refining charges are based on current
data publicly available for lead concentrate.
* Allowances have been made for government land
royalties at a cost of EUR3,240 p.a.. There is also a
further 1.5% NSR payable to Lundin AB which has not
been included.
Revenue
factors * The derivation of, or assumptions made regarding * A head grade of 7.3% ZnEq* (Pb & Ag) (inc. mining
revenue factors including head grade, metal or loses and dilution) has been applied.
commodity price(s) exchange rates, transportation and
treatment charges, penalties, net smelter returns,
etc.
* A long-term price of US$2,500/t Zn, US$2,100/t Pb and
US$17/oz Ag for has been applied.
* The derivation of assumptions made of metal or
commodity price(s), for the principal metals,
minerals and co-products.
Market
assessment * The demand, supply and stock situation for the
particular commodity, consumption trends and factors * LME for base metals is a transparent and deep market,
likely to affect supply and demand into the future. lead and zinc production from the Toral project (will
account for
* A customer and competitor analysis along with the
identification of likely market windows for the
product. * There has been no specification testing completed.
However, Toral aims to provide lead and zinc to LME
specifications.
* Price and volume forecasts and the basis for these
forecasts.
* For industrial minerals the customer specification,
testing and acceptance requirements prior to a supply
contract.
Economic N/A
* The inputs to the economic analysis to produce the
net present value (NPV) in the study, the source and
confidence of these economic inputs including
estimated inflation, discount rate, etc.
* NPV ranges and sensitivity to variations in the
significant assumptions and inputs.
Social
* The status of agreements with key stakeholders and * The Toral exploration licence 15.199 referred to as a
matters leading to social licence to operate. Permiso de Investigation (P.I.) covers an area of
20.29km(2), centred on co-ordinates 682467E,
4708159N. Minerals for investigation are lead, zinc,
silver, and limestone.
Other
* To the extent relevant, the impact of the following * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
on the project and/or on the estimation and any mining reserves.
classification of the Ore Reserves:
* Any identified material naturally occurring risks. * No material risks have been identified for the Toral
Project.
* The status of material legal agreements and marketing
arrangements.
* There are reasonable grounds to expect that all
necessary Government approvals will be received
* The status of governmental agreements and approvals within the timeframes anticipated within this scoping
critical to the viability of the project, such as study report.
mineral tenement status, and government and statutory
approvals. There must be reasonable grounds to expect
that all necessary Government approvals will be
received within the timeframes anticipated in the * The Toral Project is on an Exploration Lease, a
Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility study. Highlight and Mining Lease for exploitation will be applied for at
discuss the materiality of any unresolved matter that the pre-feasibility stage.
is dependent on a third party on which extraction of
the reserve is contingent.
* There are no material unresolved matters with any
parties.
Classification
* The basis for the classification of the Ore Reserves * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
into varying confidence categories. any mining reserves.
* Whether the result appropriately reflects the
Competent Person's view of the deposit.
* The proportion of Probable Ore Reserves that have
been derived from Measured Mineral Resources (if
any).
Audits or
reviews * The results of any audits or reviews of Ore Reserve * This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
estimates. any mining reserves.
Discussion
of relative * Where appropriate a statement of the relative This scoping study / mining study is not reporting
accuracy/ accuracy and confidence level in the Ore Reserve any mining reserves.
confidence estimate using an approach or procedure deemed
appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the * +/- 30% accuracy applied to this scoping study.
application of statistical or geostatistical
procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the
reserve within stated confidence limits, or, if such
an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative
discussion of the factors which could affect the
relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
* The statement should specify whether it relates to
global or local estimates, and, if local, state the
relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to
technical and economic evaluation. Documentation
should include assumptions made and the procedures
used.
* Accuracy and confidence discussions should extend to
specific discussions of any applied Modifying Factors
that may have a material impact on Ore Reserve
viability, or for which there are remaining areas of
uncertainty at the current study stage.
* It is recognised that this may not be possible or
appropriate in all circumstances. These statements of
relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate
should be compared with production data, where
available.
=============== ============================================================ ========================================================================
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