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| Share Name | Share Symbol | Market | Type | Share ISIN | Share Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrum Crescent | LSE:FCR | London | Ordinary Share | AU000000FCR2 | ORD NPV (DI) |
| Price Change | % Change | Share Price | Bid Price | Offer Price | High Price | Low Price | Open Price | Shares Traded | Last Trade | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00 | 0.00% | 0.0725 | 0.00 | 01:00:00 |
| Industry Sector | Turnover | Profit | EPS - Basic | PE Ratio | Market Cap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | N/A | 0 |
From Apr 2019 to Apr 2024
TIDMFCR
RNS Number : 7987O
Ferrum Crescent Ltd
10 November 2016
10 November 2016
Ferrum Crescent Limited
("Ferrum Crescent", the "Company" or the "Group")(ASX, AIM, JSE: FCR)
Commencement of Toral Lead-Zinc Exploration Project Work Programme
Ferrum Crescent, the ASX, AIM and JSE quoted metals project developer, announces that further to its acquisition on 23 September 2016 of GoldQuest Iberica, S.L. ("GoldQuest"), which owns 100% of the Toral lead-zinc exploration project located in the province of León in Spain ("Toral Project"), it has now commenced a simple, cost-effective and highly-focussed work programme. This programme includes re-interpretation of significant foreign and historic geological and exploration data available in respect of the Toral Project, including data contained in a NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Micon International Co. Limited in respect of the Toral Project on 14 April 2011 and amended on 30 April 2012 (the "NI 43-101 Report").
In the period since completion of the acquisition, the Company has had the opportunity to further consider the NI 43-101 Report and has further developed and refined its planned work programme for 2016 and 2017. The 2016/2017 work programme includes:
-- structured reinterpretation and analysis of the original foreign and historic geological and exploration data;
-- re-mapping of the main Toral Project area applying re-interpreted geological understanding of the regional controls on mineralisation;
-- in-fill surveys over the main prospect area where detailed soil geochemistry has not previously been conducted and extensions of the grid where the fringes of the existing survey data continued to display anomalous values;
-- structural mapping of the existing adits, outcrop and the nearby mineralisation occurrences in order to gauge the balance between local (not fully tested) and regional (well documented) controls on mineralisation;
-- re-logging of historical drill-core and re-assaying of areas where incomplete assays were taken previously in order to seek to identify potential new shallow high grade targets;
-- creation of a revised geological model incorporating existing and new geological data (geochemistry, structural interpretation, assays, logs, maps); and
-- generation of a highly targeted drill plan, focused on high-grade near-surface ore shoots linking known surface occurrences and known high-grade mineralisation at depth, for testing in 2017.
The drill plan design will also test:
- a number of cross-cutting and intersecting fault zones that are apparent in geological maps and geochemical surveys; and
- the main mineralised zone for the possibility of structural repetition and the potential for multiple sub-parallel zones of mineralisation.
The work programme is being undertaken by the Company with a view to defining the economic and geological characteristics of the project including the definition of a JORC compliant resource estimate in respect of the Toral Project.
Justin Tooth, Executive Chairman of Ferrum Crescent, commented:
"The Toral Project represents an exciting low-cost acquisition in a mining-friendly jurisdiction which has the potential to become a significant asset for Ferrum Crescent and I look forward to updating the market in due course on the progress of our work programme."
Additional information on the Toral Project
The Toral Project has been extensively explored by its previous owners Portex Minerals Inc. and Lundin Mining S.L. and the 2,024ha of mineral right contains extensive zinc mineralisation. Located in north-west Spain, approximately 400km north-west of Madrid, the project's licence area hosts road, rail and power infrastructure and is situated in a known historic mining jurisdiction.
Foreign Estimate of Mineral Resources
As noted above, there is an existing NI 43-101 Report that has been prepared in respect of the Toral Project which estimated that the project has a NI 43-101 compliant Inferred and Indicated foreign resource estimate of 8.71Mt at an economic cut-off grade of 7% Pb + Zn (the "Foreign Estimate", please refer to Table 1).
Micon International Co. Limited was commissioned by GoldQuest Mining Corporation on 14 April 2011 to prepare an independent Technical Report on the Toral Project suitable for reporting purposes under the standards of Canada's National Instrument 43-101. The Technical Report was reissued at the request of Portex Minerals Inc. on 30 April 2012. The Foreign Estimate was prepared in compliance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves ("CIM Standards") and utilised data from diamond drilling completed by Lundin Mining S.L. in 2007 and 2008, and assay data from older Peñarroya/Adaro diamond drill holes. Surpac mining software was used for mineral resources modelling. Mineral resources were reported based upon their potential for economic extraction.
Table 1: Foreign Estimate of Mineral Resources as at 1 February 2011, Cut-Off Grade of 7% Pb + Zn
(NI 43-101 Mineral Resources Estimate)
Hot Features
Premium
Indicated Inferred
------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
Mt Pb Zn Cu Ag (Pb Mt Pb Zn Cu Ag (Pb
(%) (%) (%) (g/t) + Zn) (%) (%) (%) (g/t) + Zn)
(%) (%)
-------- ---------- ------- ----- ------- -------- -------- ------- ----- ------ ------- --------
4.04 5.30 6.50 0.11 41 11.8 4.67 4.44 5.40 0.14 32 9.8
-------- ---------- ------- ----- ------- -------- -------- ------- ----- ------ ------- --------
Indicated Inferred
------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
Pb Zn Cu Ag (Pb Pb (t) Zn Cu Ag (Pb
(t) (t) (t) (t) + Zn) t) (t) (t) + Zn)
(t) (t)
---------- ---------- ------------ ------- -------- ---------- ------------ ------ ------- --------
214,416 262,562 4,285 165 476,978 207,316 252,348 6,447 149 459,664
---------- ---------- ------------ ------- -------- ---------- ------------ ------ ------- --------
Source: Toral Zinc-Lead Silver Project, Mineral Resource Estimate NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Micon International Co Limited, 30 April 2012
The mineral resources presented in Table 1 above are not mineral reserves as they have not been subject to adequate economic studies to demonstrate their economic viability.
Pursuant to the requirements of ASX Listing Rule 5.12.9, Ferrum Crescent provides the following cautionary statement:
The Foreign Estimate of mineralisation reported by Micon International Co. Limited and included in this announcement is not compliant with the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (2012 JORC Code) and is a 'Foreign Estimate' for the purposes of the ASX Listing Rules.
A Competent Person (as defined under the ASX Listing Rules) has not yet carried out sufficient work to classify the Foreign Estimate as a Mineral Resource or Ore Reserve in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code and it is uncertain that following evaluation and/or further exploration work that the Foreign Estimate will be able to be reported as mineral resources in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code.
Please refer to the information provided in Appendix A to this announcement in accordance with ASX Listing Rule 5.12.
For further information on the Company, please visit www.ferrumcrescent.com or contact:
Ferrum Crescent Limited
Justin Tooth, Executive Chairman
Grant Button, Director and Company Secretary T: +61 8 9474 2995
UK enquiries:
Laurence Read (UK representative) T: +44 7557 672 432
Strand Hanson Limited (Nominated Adviser)
Rory Murphy/Matthew Chandler T: +44 (0)20 7409 3494
Beaufort Securities Limited (Broker)
Elliot Hance T: +44 (0)20 7382 8300
Bravura Capital (Pty) Ltd (JSE Sponsor)
Doné Hattingh T (direct): +27 11 459 5037
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014 ('MAR').
Extract: NI 43-101 Technical Report in respect of the Toral Project
The following information has been selectively extracted from the NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared in respect of the Toral Project to enable an understanding of the reliability of the Foreign Estimate set out above.
1. Description of the Project
The Toral zinc-lead-silver permit is located near Ponferrada in the west of the province of León, Autonomous Community of Castile and León, Spain approximately 400 km northwest of Madrid.
2. Historic Work
-- Between 1975 and 1985, the Adaro/Peñarroya joint venture carried out exploration on the four separate licences which now correspond, approximately, to the Toral permit area. Over a period of nine years, a topographical survey, geological mapping, a hydrogeological study and more than 40,000m of diamond drilling (62 holes and 41 wedges) were carried out.
-- Lundin Mining S.L. (Lundin) acquired the Toral investigation permit no. 15.199 in 2007 and commenced exploration in April 2007. Lundin compiled the information collected by the previous licence holders including:
o a review of the available geological maps, plans, sections and assays;
o surveying old workings, old drill pads, and drill hole locations; and,
o a study of the existing Peñarroya/Adaro drill holes, description, photography.
In addition, samples of drill core were sent to ALS Chemex in Canada in order to validate the reliability of the existing assays and exploration information was digitised. The results of Lundin's preliminary work confirmed the mineral potential of the Toral area. However, it was apparent that the continuity and the thickness of the mineralisation were insufficiently detailed.
Consequently, an exploration programme was designed to add information to the data set for a better understanding of the deposit. In 2007 to 2009, seven diamond holes for a total of 4,523.7m were drilled for the purpose of confirming the continuity of the mineralisation in the San Jose area of the Toral permit and also to test the possibility of an extension of the mineralisation in depth (see section 6 below).
-- GoldQuest acquired Lundin, including the Toral permit, in January 2010. During 2011 and 2012, GoldQuest conducted systematic geological mapping and soil sampling.
3. Geology
The Toral permit is located in the West Asturian Leonese Zone (WALZ), one of the tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan (or Hercynian) Orogen of the north-western portion of the Iberian Peninsula. Within the WALZ, the permit area is located in the domain of the Mondoñedo Mantle.
The most significant mineralisation is found in the upper carbonate layers of the Vegadeo Formation, at the contact between the Vegadeo Formation and the younger Los Cabos Series. The mineralisation comprises sulphides interbedded in limestones and dolomites, within a silicified facies, and in chloritic breccias. The mineralisation is epigenetic and formed during a metamorphic episode within the Hercynian Orogeny. The sulphide mineral assemblage comprises sphalerite, galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite.
The Toral deposit is steeply-dipping and has a sheet-like structure. Zinc and lead occur in coarse-grained sulphide minerals although the pyrite content is relatively low.
4. Mineralisation
The stratabound mineralisation of the Upper Vegadeo Formation (the Middle and Upper Members) occurs along the contact between the massive limestone and the overlying shale and minor sandstone of the Cabos Series. Although three types of mineralisation have been identified (Tornos et al., 1996), "silica", "carbonate" and "chloritic breccias", the silica type, associated with silicification, is volumetrically more important.
The upper contact of the Vegadeo Formation with the overlying Los Cabos Series at Toral is marked by discontinuous zinc-lead sulphide mineralisation. The main metallic minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals consist of quartz, calcite, dolomite, muscovite and chlorite. Chemical analyses show that this area is characterised by high concentration of zinc, lead and silver and low concentrations of copper and gold.
The sulphide minerals occur in a variety of settings:
-- as clots within silicified limestone; -- lining drusy quartz cavities in silicified limestone/dolomite; -- cements within brittle breccias; and, -- along stylolites in milky quartz veins.
The first two types of occurrence are interpreted as original (diagenetic), whereas the brittle breccias and tylolites are later. Stylolites are typical of low grade metamorphism and commonly contain accumulations of graphitic material.
Upper Member Mineralisation
This type of mineralisation is spread over a strike length of more than 40km in the Vegadeo Formation and occurs on both flanks of the Caurel-Toral anticline and related fold structures (Tornos et al., 1996). Its common stratigraphic position is within the upper metres of the dolomitised layers of the middle and Upper Members of the Vegadeo limestone units. Four styles of mineralisation have been identified based on morphology, internal structure, the mineralogy or the alteration type of the host rock:
-- Silica mineralisation: replacement of the carbonates by epigenetic silicification, sharp contact between the Vegadeo Formation and Los Cabos Series, and abrupt contact, irregular towards the base;
-- Chloritic breccia: limestone fragments cemented with calcite, chlorite and sulphide minerals, within the Vegadeo/Los Cabos units;
-- Carbonate mineralisation: fragments of shale and carbonate rocks, cemented by carbonate or sulphide disseminations with dolomite; and,
-- Late remobilisation: vein or breccia morphology, superposed on the previous fractures or associated with discordant fractures.
It is suggested that the mineralisation of the Upper Vegadeo Formation, is late-Hercynian, originating from the movement of fluids of deep origin mobilised by the compression induced during the Hercynian Orogeny. Fluid inclusions are formed by reaction with carbonate aqueous fluid, at a temperature of 200 C, with low salinity, flowing preferentially along the contact between carbonates of the Vegadeo Formation and pelite of the Los Cabos Series. Sulphur isotope analysis suggests a predominant source of mineralisation in the limestones. The imbalance of the fluids with the carbonates leads to a replacement with silica and precipitation of sulphides. Carbonate mineralisation represents an intermediate stage of this process, while the chloritic breccia could be related to the generation of overpressure zones during the latter stages of the Hercynian Orogeny.
The diagenetic mineralisation of the Lower Member of the Vegadeo Formation pre-dates the Hercynian mineralisation. Pelitic rocks may have been the source of zinc and lead.
5. Deposit Types
The Vegadeo Formation hosts abundant zinc-lead mineralisation. The principal zone of mineralisation occurs in the Upper Member as stratabound deposits and discordant replacement associated with pervasive epigenetic silicification and minor hydrothermal breccias. Mineralisation is interpreted to have formed by reaction of the host carbonates with low salinity fluids circulating along major lithological contacts or extensional faults.
Mineralisation in the Upper Member is associated with the contact between the Vegadeo limestone and the lowest units of the Los Cabos Series. In general, it appears that the earliest mineralisation phase is relatively enriched with sphalerite, while the galena and chalcopyrite characterise the later phases. The associated silicification occurs along stratification and lamination planes, or in favour of fractures. A dolomitisation process also appears to have accompanied the silicification. Minor stratiform showings occur in the sub-tidal limestones of the Lower Member and are interpreted to be related to diagenetic processes for which the sulphur was provided from the reduction of interbedded sulphates. The genesis is similar to the Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT).
While, generally, the carbonate-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the WALZ share some of the characteristics of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits, they differ from the majority in being situated within an orogenic belt (Tornos et al., 1996) and, also, in having characteristics associated with sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits.
6. 2010/2011 Exploration
During 2010 and 2011, GoldQuest conducted systematic geological mapping and soil sampling in two separate zones across the permit area, Zone 1 and Zone 2. The latest geological map produced by GoldQuest is displayed in Figure 1.
Zone 1 of Toral was investigated with a geochemistry grid of 100m by 25m on 17 lines. For Zone 2 a grid of 200m by 25m on 14 lines was used, with an additional grid of 100m by 25m of 8 lines along the anomalous zones in the area of the MF1 fault zone. The total number of soil and rock samples collected was 2,686. The soil samples were analysed by ALS-Chemex by ICP-41 for 35 elements including Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, Hg, As, Cd, Ba, Co, S, Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn.
There is a secondary anomaly parallel to the main anomaly, located higher in elevation. This secondary anomaly is related to a reverse fault, which appeared in the old surface drill holes of the 1970's, and warrants further study. The geological mapping identified the reverse fault as a thrust, which could be responsible for the repetition of the mineralised horizon (for example in lines 18 and 19 in Zone 2). The shear zone (S-1) shifts the mineralised horizon that appears at surface (lines 5 and 6) and in outcrops between lines 1 and 4.
The other faults oriented N60E (SJF, SJF2 and SJF3), which cut the shear zone (S-1) and the mineralised zone, delimit the area where the major anomaly is widest, both for soil and rock samples, and for all major elements analysed. The distance between these faults is 550m. The rest of the anomalies are related to faults and tectonic contacts. Notably an additional anomalous area was discovered in Zone 2 where line 24 intersects with fault SJF5 (Figure 1, Figure 2 (Map B) and Figure 3 (Map B)).
7. Drilling
During 2007 and 2008 Lundin undertook a drilling programme at Toral. Seven holes were drilled by Lundin to confirm the continuity of the mineralisation in the San Jose area and also to test the possibility of an extension of the mineralisation at depth.
The samples were prepared in a Lundin laboratory in Sweden and were then sent to the ALS Chemex laboratory in Vancouver, Canada for analysis. The samples were analysed for 47 elements by ICP, including Pb, Zn, Cu and Ag. The laboratory is ISO17025 compliant.
The programme was designed to confirm the widths and grades of mineralisation in the previously compiled database and to obtain confirmatory data to allow the preparation of a CIM Standards-compliant mineral resource estimate.
The sulphide zones returned zinc and lead mineralisation as anticipated and appear to be consistent with the grade indicated by the historic drilling. The significant intersections are summarised in Table 2. There were insufficient holes or data to draw firm conclusions as to the validity of the historic drilling and no holes were twinned. However, the grades and thicknesses reported are consistent with those anticipated from the historic data. The Lundin drilling also demonstrated that the deposit extends to depth.
Table 2: Visual Mineralised Intervals from 2007 to 2008 Drilling
Hole Visual Mineralisation Mineralised
ID Mineralised Interval Description
Interval
------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------ ----------------------
From To Thickness True Thickness Zn Pb
(m) Estimate (%) (%)
(m)
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Gray limestone,
TOR sphalerite
7001 711.6 713.3 0.5 0.1 13.95 6.64 and galena
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Gray silicified
limestone,
TOR galena sphalerite,
7002 485.3 487.8 1.25 0.68 1.00 0.88 pyrite
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Silicified
limestone,
sphalerite
and galena
TOR in quartz
7003 370 372.1 1.62 1.43 1.60 1.18 vein
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Gray limestone,
TOR sphalerite
7004 410.25 411.25 0.77 0.51 4.84 0.48 and galena
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Silicified
limestone,
galena, sphalerite
and chalcopyrite
425.25 427.55 2.23 1.46 5.19 4.95 traces
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Silicified
limestone,
TOR sphalerite
7005 391.4 395.9 0.87 0.83 8.29 6.12 and galena
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Light gray
and white
dolomite,
sphalerite
and galena
TOR Dolomitic
7006 924.4 929.05 0.82 0.50 4.00 0.59 breccia
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
0.87 0.54 3.4 1.57
------- ------- ------- ---------- --------------- ------ ----- ----------------------
Source: Toral Zinc-Lead Silver Project, Mineral Resource Estimate NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Micon International Co Limited, 30 April 2012
From the analysis of the information obtained during this campaign, and comparison with the previous data in sections and in three dimensions; as well as the comparison with other sites, principally the Antonina and Rubiales mines, it was concluded that the mineralisation is structurally controlled. Although the contact between Los Cabos Series and Vegadeo Formation is always more or less mineralised, the major concentrations occur in areas between the faults of the "Sil" and "San Jose" types.
8. Sample Preparation and Analysis
Peñarroya/Adaro Exploration Work
During the 1975-1985 exploration campaigns, the samples were analysed by Peñarroya. Since Lundin did not have complete information on the sample preparation and analysis of the exploration samples, and because some of the assay data were missing, the majority of the Peñarroya/Adaro core samples stored in the IGME facility in Cordoba have been sent in 2006 to Chemex laboratory in Canada for multi-elements analysis.
Lundin Exploration Work
During the 2007 campaign, the selected samples were processed in Villalba, Provincia de Lugo, where the mining and metallurgical company Outokumpu operated a sample preparation facility.
The half-core was sampled and crushed to 0.35 cm using a jaw crusher. If the sample was wet, it was oven-dried for two hours. The sample was crushed again to a size of 0.15 cm, using a cylinder crusher. A maximum of 2 kg of the crushed sample was then reduced to 400 microns in a vibration mill. A 100-g sample was sent for analysis.
The prepared samples were sent to ALS Minerals, ALS Chemex Canada Ltd. laboratory in Vancouver, Canada for analysis. The samples were analysed for 47 elements by ICP, including Pb, Zn, Cu and Ag.
The ALS Minerals, ALS Canada Ltd. laboratory is independent of GoldQuest and Portex, and is ISO17025 compliant.
It is Micon's opinion that the sample preparation procedures and analytical procedures used by GoldQuest are appropriate for assessing the mineralisation of the Toral deposit.
9. Data Verification
Drilling and Analysis Procedure Verification
A site visit was made to the project by Stanley C. Bartlett, M.Sc., PGeo. in June 2010. During the site visit Micon inspected outcrops, the soil sampling grid, some old adits and a number of drilling sites. Micon reviewed all aspects geological mapping and soil and rock chip sampling with the local geologists responsible for the work. No drilling was underway at the time of its site visit and, therefore, Micon was unable to observe drilling procedures whilst on-site.
At the facilities of Sondeos y Perforaciones Industriales del Bierzo, S. A., located at San Román de Bembibre, where the drill core is stored, drill core was reviewed and logging and sampling methods were discussed with geologists and technicians responsible for the work. Micon's examination of the core indicates that it has been stored appropriately with basic procedures for box identification and core marking correctly observed.
Following the 2010 site visit, a programme of further exploration was agreed. The work included additional geological mapping and interpretation of the geology, particularly focusing on the structural interpretation. Micon communicated with GoldQuest geologists prior to the commencement of the work and at the conclusion of the work and reviewed GoldQuest's interpretation of the data. Micon accepted the GoldQuest data and incorporated it into the mineral resource estimate. GoldQuest also provided Micon with copies of assay certificates for the 2006 re-assay of the Peñarroya/Adaro cores and for the 2007 to 2008 assays on core drilled by Lundin.
Micon concluded that all aspects of the exploration activities and data collection were to a high standard with one exception: the lack of independent certified standards for assay quality control.
Verification of the Peñarroya/Adaro core analysis
The pulp rejects of mineralised Peñarroya/Adaro core samples stored at the IGME facility in Cordoba were sent by Lundin in 2006 to the ALS Chemex laboratory in Vancouver, Canada, for multi-element analysis.
The GoldQuest database contains assay results for a total of 806 samples: 742 Peñarroya/Adaro samples and 64 Lundin samples. Among these are 112 samples which were not re-assayed by Lundin and all but three have been retained in the assay database. Out of these 109 samples with old assays, 80 have a Ag assay, 108 have a Zn assay, 108 have a Pb assay and 30 have a Cu assay.
In order to validate the 109 old samples that remain in the assay database but which were not re-assayed by Lundin, a comparison of the historical and verification assay results for Zn, Pb, Ag and Cu has been undertaken by Micon. These 109 samples represent 13.6% of the assay database [109/(806-3)=13.57]. A total of 113 samples have been compared for Cu, 415 for Zn, 422 for Pb and 210 for Ag. These samples cover the grade range of the 109 samples for these elements. The statistics on the data are summarised in Table 3.
Table 3: Statistics of the Peñarroya/Adaro Assay
and ALX Chemex Re-assay for Zn, Pb, CU and Ag
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Grade (% Zn) Grade (% Grade (% Grade (%
Pb) Cu) Ag)
------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Historical Chemex Historical Chemex Historical Chemex Historical Chemex
Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
---------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------- ----------- ------- ----------- -------
Mean 2.11 1.99 1.84 1.71 0.126 0.122 24.20 22.90
------------------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------- ----------- ------- ----------- -------
Standard
Deviation 4.51 4.18 4.25 3.95 0.31 0.30 38.00 37.00
------------------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------- ----------- ------- ----------- -------
Correlation
Coefficient 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.92
------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Number of
Samples 415 422 113 210
------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
No.
of Positive
Pairs* variance 188 (45.3%) 167 (39.6%) 43 (38.1%) 62 (29.5%)
---------- ------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Negative
variance 209 (50.4%) 238 (56.4%) 57 (50.4%) 107 (51.0%)
------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
No variance 18 (4.3%) 17 (4.0%) 13 (11.5%) 41 (19.5%)
------------ ------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Bias** 2.8% 3.6% 1.8% 2.7%
------------------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------- ----------- ------- ----------- -------
*Positive variance: number of pairs with Chemex laboratory
assay higher than Peñarroya laboratory assay;
negative variance: number of pairs with Chemex laboratory
assay lower than Peñarroya laboratory assay;
no variance: number of pairs with identical assays
for the two laboratories**Bias of Peñarroya
Laboratory against the average of the two laboratories
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Toral Zinc-Lead Silver Project, Mineral Resource
Estimate NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Micon
International Co Limited, 30 April 2012
Table 4: Repartition of the
Samples in Error Categories
----------------------------------------------------------------
Element Error Category
------------------------ --------------------------------------
< 10% < < 50% > 50%
20%
---------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
Pb (%) < 0.1 20% 35% 76% 24%
----------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
>= 0.1 71% 85% 92% 8%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All 53% 67% 86% 14%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
Zn (%) < 0.1 24% 38% 65% 35%
----------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
>= 0.1 69% 85% 93% 7%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All 52% 67% 83% 17%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
Cu (%) < 0.03 20% 24% 62% 38%
----------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
>= 0.03 70% 92% 97% 3%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All 36% 46% 73% 27%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
Ag (g/t) < 5 41% 41% 51% 31%
----------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
>= 5 38% 61% 82% 18%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All 39% 54% 72% 22%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All
Elements < cut-off 26% 35% 64% 32%
----------- ----------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
>= cut-off 62% 80% 91% 9%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
All 45% 59% 79% 20%
---------------------- ----------- ---- ------ -----------
Source: Toral Zinc-Lead Silver
Project, Mineral Resource
Estimate NI 43-101 Technical
Report prepared by Micon International
Co Limited, 30 April 2012
Correlation plots were generated to assess the correlation between the original assay and the repeat assay result. The analysis shows that there is a slight positive bias between the historical assays and the average of the two sets of results. As the bias is very low (between and 1.8% and 3.6%), and the proportion of positive and negative pairs is not strongly out of balance, Micon considers this bias to be insignificant. There is a good correlation between the sets of data for the four elements, as shown by high correlation coefficients between 0.92 and 0.99. For all elements, only 59% of the pairs have a difference that is less than 20% of the original value. As would be expected, the higher relative differences between assays are found in low grade samples since the precision of analysis is generally lower as it approaches the detection limit. Of the samples with original assays greater than the selected cut-off grades (0.1% Pb, 0.1% Zn, 0.03 Cu and 5 g/t Ag), the proportion of pairs with a difference that is less than 20% reaches 80%. Most of the samples fall within the acceptable error range of 20%.
Micon has concluded that the results of the comparison between historical assays and reassays are satisfactory and, therefore, the 109 historical samples that have not been reassayed can be used in the database for mineral resource estimation.
10. Mineral Resources Estimate
The Toral mineral resource estimate was prepared in compliance with the CIM Standards. The mineral resource estimate utilised assay data from diamond drilling completed by Lundin in 2007-2008, and mainly assay data from older Peñarroya/Adaro diamond drill holes. Surpac mining software was used for mineral resource modelling.
Database
The database used to estimate the mineral resources of the Toral deposit contains 86 diamond drilling holes, including 79 holes (45,951.0m) drilled by Peñarroya/Adaro and 7 holes (9,727.60m) drilled by Lundin, and 23 trenches (560m). The database contains geological logging for the trenches but no assay information.
Specific Gravity
The average specific gravity used for resource calculation is 3.0 g/cm3.
Mineralised Wireframes
GoldQuest geological model of Zone 1 of the Toral deposit (sections III to XVIII) was sent to Micon in January 2011, including a model of the mineralisation and some of the faults used in the interpretation of the mineralisation, built in Recmin software.
GoldQuest's interpretation is based on geological mapping achieved by Peñarroya/Adaro and GoldQuest and on the Peñarroya/Adaro and Lundin drill holes. The interpretation work continued in 2011 for the areas around Zones 1 and 2.
The model of the mineralisation sent by GoldQuest was not a valid triangulation file (it contained an important number of self-intersection triangles) and did not include the samples, as the sections were not snapped on the drill holes.
Micon created a three-dimensional wireframe solid model for the mineralised zone, following the interpretation and the parameters of GoldQuest (cut-off grade of 1 % [Pb/2+Zn] and a minimum vein width of 1m) but including the mineralised intervals and extended on both sides of Zone 1 towards west (sections I and II) and east (from section XVIII).
The frequency distributions of lead, zinc, copper and silver sample populations were examined to identify the presence of extreme high-grade outlier populations. Outlier values may result from sampling errors and can exert an undue influence during block grade interpolation. They can result in over-estimation of block grades and lead to poor reconciliation of expected and actual metal production. The methodology employed for establishing the outlier limit was to examine the distribution of the sample population.
The selection of outlier values was based on the deviation of the grade distribution from a straight line in the probability plot. There were no outliers identified by Micon for lead, zinc and copper. Based on the plot and the above analyses, Micon identified silver samples above 200 g/t Ag, as outliers. There are four silver assays greater than the specified outlier values. Those grades were reduced to the respective top-cutting value in the assay database.
Within the wireframes, the sample length is variable with a minimum of 0.1m and a maximum of 2.9m. Considering the distribution of the sample length, Micon decided to composite all samples to 1m.
The composites were made using a best-fit algorithm that allowed the composite length to be varied within a given tolerance of 0.2m, in order to minimise the loss of data but maintain a consistent composite length. The total length of the raw samples is 291.3m, and the total length of the composite samples is 286m, which corresponds to an acceptable loss of 1.8%. The length-weighted average grade of the top-cut samples and the average of the composite samples for each element are the same or very close for the samples and the composites, which confirms that there is no change in average grade due to compositing.
Toral Block Model
The Toral block model utilised regular-shaped blocks measuring (X) 50m by (Y) 5m by (Z) 50m. This block size was the most appropriate considering the morphology of the mineralisation and the distribution of sample information. To better estimate the volume within the mineralisation, a partial percentage within the wireframe was calculated for each block.
A three pass estimation procedure was used for the interpolation. The first pass used a spherical ellipse with a 100 m radius to provide an accurate local grade estimate for the blocks that are closest to the sample data. A minimum requirement of 5 informing samples was applied. The second estimation pass used a 200 m radius. A minimum requirement of 4 informing samples was applied for the second pass. The third estimation pass was used to estimate a grade for all blocks that did not receive a grade from the first two estimation passes as they lie too far from the sample data. A large ellipse with a 400m radius was used with a minimum of one informing sample. For silver since there are fewer informing samples, a larger ellipse of 450m radius was used. A maximum of 12 informing samples was used for all estimation passes. All blocks were flagged in the block model according to the passes to be considered separately during classification.
Grade interpolation for lead, zinc, copper and silver was performed using Inverse Distance cubed (ID3).
All the composite samples were declustered to a volume equivalent to the block size of the mineral resource model. Average composite grades were imported into the block model to allow a direct comparison of composite grade and estimated grade. This provides insight into the accuracy of local estimates. The scatter plots show an overall good correlation between the composite sample data and the estimated grade. The high correlation coefficients of 0.90 for Lead and 0.78 for zinc confirm the good correlation.
Mineral Resources Estimate
Mineral resources were estimated in accordance with the definitions contained in the CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves Definitions and Guidelines that were prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and adopted by the CIM Council on 27 November 2010. Micon classified resource blocks in the block model based largely upon the drilling density and the distance of the block centre from the nearest sample data. Resource blocks estimated during the first pass were assigned to the Indicated category and resource blocks estimated during the second pass were assigned to the Inferred category. The resource blocks estimated during the third pass were not assigned to any category, because they are located too far from informing data.
Mineral resources were reported based upon their potential for economic extraction. An economic cut-off grade of 7 % Pb + Zn was used to define the Foreign Estimate, comprising Foreign Indicated Mineral Resources estimated at 4.04 Mt at 11.8 Pb + Zn (%) and Foreign Inferred Mineral Resources estimated at 4.67 Mt at 9.8 Pb+ Zn (%) (see Table 1). It was Micon's opinion that there were no known environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing or political issues exist that would adversely affect the mineral resources presented above.
Figure 1: 2010 Geological Map produced by GoldQuest
Figure 2: Geochemical Map of Zone 1 and 2 Displaying
Zinc Isolines - Map A
Figure 2: Geochemical Map of Zone 1 and 2 Displaying
Zinc Isolines - Map B
Figure 3: Geochemical Map of Zone 1 and 2 Displaying
Lead Isolines - Map A
Figure 3: Geochemical Map of Zone 1 and 2 Displaying
Lead Isolines - Map B
Source: Toral Zinc-Lead Silver Project, Mineral Resource Estimate NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by Micon International Co Limited, 30 April 2012
http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/7987O_-2016-11-9.pdf
Competent Person's Statements
The information in this announcement that relates to "exploration results" and "foreign estimates" for the Toral Project is based on information reviewed by Mr Juki Laurikko. Mr Laurikko is a member of the European Federation of Geologists which is a Recognised Professional Organisation for the purposes of the 2012 JORC Code. Mr Laurikko has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposits under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person under the ASX Listing Rules and qualified person under the AIM Rules for Companies. Mr Laurikko is an employee of Ferrum Crescent Limited and consents to the inclusion in this announcement of the exploration results and "foreign estimates" for the Toral Project in the form and context in which it appears. Mr Laurikko confirms that the information contained in this announcement that relates to the reporting of foreign exploration results and estimates of mineralisation (including the information in Appendix A) is an accurate representation of the available data and studies for the Toral Project and confirms that he is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the "exploration results" and "foreign estimates" contained in the NI 43-101 Report and that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the NI 43-101 Report.
The Competent Person who prepared the NI 43-101 in respect of the Toral Project was an employee of Micon International Co. Limited who was not engaged by Ferrum Crescent Limited and, therefore, was not available to Ferrum Crescent Limited to provide a competent person sign-off in respect of this announcement.
Forward Looking Statements
This announcement contains 'forward-looking information' that is based on the Company's expectations, estimates and projections as of the date on which the statements were made. This forward-looking information includes, among other things, statements with respect to pre-feasibility and definitive feasibility studies, the Company's business strategy, plans, development, objectives, performance, outlook, growth, cash flow, projections, targets and expectations, mineral reserves and resources, results of exploration and related expenses. Generally, this forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as 'outlook', 'anticipate', 'project', 'target', 'likely', 'anticipate', 'believe', 'estimate', 'expect', 'intend', 'may', 'would', 'could', 'should', 'scheduled', 'will', 'plan', 'forecast', 'evolve' and similar expressions. Persons reading this news announcement are cautioned that such statements are only predictions, and that the Company's actual future results or performance may be materially different.
Forward-looking information is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company's actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is developed based on assumptions about such risks, uncertainties and other factors set out herein.
Readers should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking information. The Company disclaims any intent or obligations to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, estimates or options, future events or results or otherwise, unless required to do so by law.
APPIX A: Foreign Estimate of Mineralisation
Pursuant to ASX Listing Rule 5.12, an entity reporting foreign estimates in relation to a material mining project must include all relevant information in a market announcement.
The Company's responses to each of the requirements under ASX Listing Rule 5.12 are as follows:
ASX Listing ASX Listing Rule Company Response
Rule Requirement
Reference
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.1 The source and The source of the Foreign
date of the historical Estimate is the Toral Zinc-Lead-Silver
estimates or foreign Project, Mineral Resource
estimates. Estimate, NI 43-101 Technical
Report prepared by Micon
International Co. Limited
(Micon) on behalf of GoldQuest
Mining Corporation on 14
April 2011 and subsequently
amended and reissued on behalf
of Portex Minerals Inc. on
30 April 2012 (the Technical
Report). The Technical Report
was made available on SEDAR
by both GoldQuest Mining
Corporation in 2011 and Portex
Minerals in 2012.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.2 Whether the historical Micon prepared the Technical
estimates or foreign Report in accordance with
estimates use the requirements of Canadian
categories of National Instrument (NI)
mineralisation 43-101. This Technical Report
other than those and the Foreign Estimate
defined in Appendix contained therein were prepared
5A (JORC Code) for the Toral deposit under
and if so, an the Canadian Institute of
explanation of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
the differences. Standards on Mineral Resources
and Reserves (CIM Standards).
It is the opinion of the
Competent Person identified
in this release there are
no material differences in
resource classification categories
between NI 43-101 (including
CIM Standards) and the JORC
Code.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.3 The relevance The Foreign Estimate demonstrates
and materiality the presence of an extensive
of the historical body of zinc mineralisation
estimates or foreign at Toral.
estimates to the The project is a material
entity. mining project for Ferrum
Crescent and therefore the
reporting of the Foreign
Estimate is relevant in the
absence of a current Mineral
Resource estimate under the
JORC Code.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.4 The reliability Our review of the sampling
of the historical methods applied and the assay
estimates or foreign protocols utilised indicate
estimates, including a systematic approach with
by reference to acceptable quality control
any of the criteria and quality assurance protocols
in Table 1 of being applied and provide
Appendix 5A (JORC confidence as to the reliability
Code) which are of the data. Please see sections
relevant to understanding 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the extract
the reliability from the Technical Report.
of the historical
estimates or foreign
estimates.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.5 To the extent The three-dimensional geological
known, a summary model is based mainly on
of the work programmes the historical geological
on which the historical property database compiled
estimates or foreign by the previous owners of
estimates are the Toral property, Peñarroya
based and a summary España S.A (Peñarroya)
of the key assumptions, and Empresa Nacional ADARO
mining and processing de Investigaciones Mineras,
parameters and S.A, (Adaro), and which includes
methods used to more than 40,000m of diamond
prepare the historical drilling. In addition, the
estimates or foreign database includes the results
estimates. of drilling carried out by
Lundin Mining S.L. (Lundin)
in the period 2007 to 2008.
Exploration on the property
commenced in 1975, on four
licences, San José,
Santa Bárbara, Carmina
Segunda and Berciana the
area of which corresponds
approximately to the permit
held by Ferrum Crescent.
As noted above, Adaro and
Peñarroya, through a
joint venture, conducted
a 40,000-m exploration drilling
campaign over a 9-year period.
A feasibility study was conducted
in 1985, but unfavourable
market conditions stalled
the project.
In 2006, Lundin acquired
the Toral investigation permit
No. 15.199 in 2007. The permit
allowed for exploration for
lead, zinc, silver and limestone,
over a period of three years.
On 15 January 2010, GoldQuest
completed the acquisition
of all issued and outstanding
shares of Lundin, including
the Toral property, from
its parent company Lundin
Mining Corporation.
The Foreign Estimate was
prepared in compliance with
the CIM Standards. The Foreign
Estimate utilised assay data
from diamond drilling completed
by Lundin in 2007-2008, and
mainly assay data from older
Peñarroya/Adaro diamond
drill holes. Surpac mining
software was used for mineral
resource modelling.
The database used to calculate
the Foreign Estimate in respect
of the Toral deposit contains
86 diamond drilling holes,
including 79 holes (45,951.0m)
drilled by Peñarroya/Adaro
and 7 holes (9727.60m) drilled
by Lundin, and 23 trenches
(560m). The database contains
geological logging for the
trenches but no assay information.
The average specific gravity
used for resource calculation
is 3.0 g/cm3.
Outlier values based on deviation
of the grade distribution
form a straight line in the
probability plot were not
identified by Micon for lead,
zinc or copper. However,
four silver assays returned
statistically high values
and these have been but to
200g/t Au as outliers. Within
the wire frames, Micon decided
to composite tall samples
to 1m.
The Toral block model utilised
regular-shaped blocks measuring
(X) 50m by (Y) 5m by (Z)
50m. This block size was
the most appropriate considering
the morphology of the mineralisation
and the distribution of sample
information.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.6 Any more recent To the best of Ferrum Crescent's
estimates or data knowledge, no additional
relevant to the recent estimates to the reported
reported mineralisation mineralisation exist.
available to the
entity.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.7 The evaluation Upon acquisition of the Toral
and/or exploration Project, Ferrum Crescent
work that needs was provided with the current
to be completed Project database. The database
to verify the is considered to be of sufficient
historical estimates quality to carry out project
or foreign estimates assessments.
as mineral resources No further exploration work
or ore reserves is considered necessary to
in accordance verify the Foreign Estimate,
with Appendix however Ferrum Crescent intends
5A (2012 JORC to undertake evaluation of
Code). the existing data and limited
structural, geological and
metallurgical studies prior
to preparing any mineral
resource estimate in respect
of the Toral Project in accordance
with the 2012 JORC Code.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.8 The proposed timing Ferrum Crescent anticipates
of any evaluation completing the evaluation
and/or exploration and additional exploration
work that the work of the Toral Project
entity intends during 2017.
to undertake and The work programme will be
a comment on how funded from existing cash
the entity intends resources and future equity
to fund that work. capital raisings.
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
5.12.10 A statement by Please refer to the statement
a named competent by Mr Juki Laurikko contained
person or persons in this release.
that the information
in the market
announcement provided
under rules 5.12.2
to 5.12.7 is an
accurate representation
of the available
data and studies
for the material
mining project.
The statement
must include the
information referred
to in rule 5.22(b)
and (c).
------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------------------
This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
END
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