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END Endeavors

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Posted at 12/3/2024 10:30 by grupo
France could legalise assisted dying under strict conditions with new 'aid in dying' law


French president Emmanuel Macron has announced new legislation to legalise "aid in dying".


By Euronews and AP


Published on 11/03/2024 - 19:27•Updated 12/03/2024 - 09:16


Emmanuel Macron has announced new legislation to legalise "aid in dying" that will allow adults facing end-of-life illness to take lethal medication.

French president Emmanuel Macron has announced new legislation to legalise "aid in dying" that will allow adults facing end-of-life illness to take lethal medication, a first in the country.

The move follows last year’s report indicating that most French citizens support legalising end-of-life options.

In an interview published Monday by French newspapers La Croix and Liberation, Macron said the new bill will be restricted to adults suffering from an incurable illness who are expected to die in the “short or middle-term” and who are suffering "intractable" physical or psychological pain.


Macron said the law will offer "a possible path, in a determined situation, with precise criteria, where the medical decision is playing its role".

He gave the example of of people with terminal cancer, some of whom until now have gone abroad to end their lives.

Only people aged 18 or above who are capable of forming their own views will be allowed to get in the process, meaning those with severe psychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease won’t be eligible, Macron specified.

Patients who seek to enter the process will need to reconfirm their choice after 48 hours and they should then receive an answer from a medical team within two weeks maximum, Macron said. A doctor will then deliver a prescription, valid for three months, for the lethal medication.

France launches national debate on legalising euthanasia

Avoiding terms like euthanasia

People will be able to take the medication at home, at a nursing home, or a healthcare facility, Macron said.

If their physical condition doesn’t allow them to do it alone, they will be allowed to get help from someone of their choice or by a doctor or a nurse.

Macron said the new bill will refer to "aid in dying… because it’s simple and humane," rather than terms like euthanasia or medically assisted suicide.

Medically assisted suicide involves patients taking, of their own free will, a lethal drink or medication that has been prescribed by a doctor to those who meet certain criteria.

Euthanasia involves doctors or other health practitioners giving patients who meet certain criteria a lethal injection at their own request.

Has Belgium become a haven for people wanting to end their life?

Macron set no date for the legislation to be applied, saying it will first need to follow a monthslong legislative process that will start in May.

A 2016 French law provides that doctors can keep terminally ill patients sedated before death but stops short of allowing assisted suicide and euthanasia.

Some French patients travel to other European countries to seek further options.

Assisted suicide is allowed in neighbouring Switzerland as well as in Portugal.

Euthanasia is currently legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Spain under certain conditions.
Posted at 28/4/2023 13:47 by waldron
Assisted dying should be legal, concludes French PM’s citizen debate


184 members of the public were tasked to look into end-of-life care in France by Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne

28 April 2023 09:00

A citizens’ convention made suggestions on pain management, dignity and patient choice


By Samantha David
CONNEXION

Current end-of-life care is inadequate and active help to die should be legalised, a citizens’ convention considering the issue of euthanasia and assisted dying has concluded.

Since last December, the convention – made up of 184 members of the public chosen at random to reflect the demographics of the population – have spent 27 days debating, and nine days working on Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne’s question:

Are end-of-life services adapted to different situations or should changes be introduced?
Posted at 02/4/2023 21:07 by waldron
French citizens' convention supports active assistance in dying using different models

The 184 randomly selected members of the French citizens' convention on assisted dying believe that the current legal framework must evolve. They put 81 proposals on the table, which include assisted suicide and euthanasia.

By Béatrice Jérôme
Published today at 4:24 pm (Paris)



It was the big question that nagged at them to the end: Will their report be read by their "fellow citizens"? This was the primary ambition of the 184 members of the citizens' convention on assisted dying, who published a document of more than 150 pages and 146 proposals on Sunday, April 2. It was adopted after a vote at 92 % (162 votes for, out of 176 voters) in the Palais d'Iéna chamber, at the end of their last working session at the headquarters of the Economic, Social and Environmental Council (EESC). The report is intended to present "a wide spectrum of opinions" and does not claim to provide a univocal vision. They will present their findings to French President Emmanuel Macron on Monday.



Macron wanted this citizens' convention to provide the linchpin for a "national debate on assisted dying" that he had launched in September 2022. It was set with the task of answering a question posed by Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne: "Is the framework of end-of-life accompaniment adapted to the different situations encountered or should possible changes be introduced?"
Posted at 22/2/2023 08:59 by adrian j boris
What is the difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide?

Assisted dying can take two forms: euthanasia or assisted suicide.

Broadly, euthanasia describes the situation where the person who is asking for assistance to die has someone else take the action that leads to their unnatural death (like injecting a lethal drug),

and assisted suicide is when the person is prescribed drugs that they must take themselves in order to die.

More technically, euthanasia is when the attending medical or nurse practitioner, takes an action with the singular intention of causing a patient’s death.

Generally, this is in the form of a lethal injection.

Assisted suicide is when a suicide is intentionally aided by the attending medical or nurse practitioner and the person self-administers the medication.

That is, the medical practitioner will prescribe a lethal drug which the patient will usually take orally.

However, it is important to note that “both practices are distinct from the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment in accord with accepted ethical and medical standards”.

Also, “Do Not Resuscitate” orders are already legal in New Zealand and not included in this Bill.


What would the End of Life Choice Act make legal?

The End of Life Choice Act 2019 legalises both euthanasia (someone else injecting or otherwise delivering a lethal drug) and assisted suicide (taking the lethal dose yourself).
Posted at 22/2/2023 08:37 by adrian j boris
French citizens’ council votes for assisted dying (with conditions)


It comes after France’s ethics advisory body earlier said that patients are increasingly ‘forgottenR17; in end-of-life care

21 February 2023 15:16

The majority of citizens taking part in the convention said they were in favour of changing the laws on assisted suicide as the current legal position is not adequate


By Hannah Thompson
CONNEXION

A council made up of French citizens, launched on the initiative of President Emmanuel Macron to debate the question of ‘end of life’ rights, has voted strongly in favour of allowing assisted dying for people at the end of their life.

The 180-member Conseil économique social et environnemental (CESE) met for six weekends to debate and vote on certain key aspects of current law. The government has pledged to strongly consider their proposals.

A total of 84% said that the current law (dubbed the loi Claeys-Leonetti) “does not respond to all of the situations encountered”, and that “we must open up help to die”. Almost three quarters (72%) said that they are in favour of assisted suicide, compared to 65.7% who were in favour of euthanasia.
Posted at 15/9/2022 11:49 by ariane
Macron bets on public opinion to change law on assisted dying

By announcing the launch of a six-month public consultation, the President has laid the foundations for what he hopes will be the major social reform of his second term.

By Béatrice Jérôme and Mattea Battaglia
Published on September 15, 2022 at 11h13

Time to 3 min.



Franco-Swiss filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard ended his life in Switzerland on Tuesday, September 13, at the age of 91, by assisted suicide. On Monday, driven by "the conviction that we need to act," President Emmanual Macron confirmed the launch of a public consultation – a "citizens' convention" – on assisted dying.


Read more Jean-Luc Godard died by assisted suicide, legal adviser confirms

On Tuesday, the national consultative ethics committee (CCNE) set out the "strict conditions" that must "guide legislators' thinking" in the event of changes to the existing law (which dates to 2016) that would constitute a move towards the right to assisted suicide or euthanasia.
Read more Assisted dying: What French law does and doesn't allow

Mr. Macron is walking a tightrope to achieve what he believes could be the major social reform of his second five-year term. He needs to drum up support for what he is proposing – and for that, he needs to avoid giving the impression that he has the script already written in his head. "Collective discussion on this sensitive subject" is the only way, the Elysée Palace insisted. "The necessary time will be taken and all guarantees given to ensure the conditions for an orderly, calm and informed debate."

In accordance with his campaign commitment, Mr. Macron has entrusted the steering of this public debate to the economic, social and environmental council (CESE). It will assemble "a panel of citizens representative of the diversity of French society," for which it said the drawing of lots will begin in early October, with the consultation planned to last until March.

"When the citizens' convention was announced, I feared that it would be an 'alibi convention' to postpone this reform," Olivier Falorni, an independent MP, told Le Monde. Mr. Falorni is behind a proposed bill on the subject. "But after having discussed it again with Emmanuel Macron, I am reassured. A citizens' convention over a limited time – six months – to allow Parliament to legislate within a reasonable time: these are formal commitments that count."
'The planets are aligned'

Mr. Macron also wants to enlist Parliament from the start of the process, to counter accusations that he wants to bypass it. In parallel with the citizens' convention, "the government will engage in concerted cross-party work with MPs and senators," said the Elysée Palace. Le Monde understands that the social affairs committee of the Assemblée Nationale is preparing to launch an evaluation of the 2016 law. Meanwhile, the Court of Auditors has been asked by the same commission to submit a report on palliative care in France later this year.



"Things are going to happen. The planets are aligned," said Jean-Luc Romero-Michel, honorary president of the Association for the Right to Die with Dignity. "The President of the Republic has a favorable political situation available to him. The vast majority of parliamentarians are in favor of a law on the subject. The whole of the left, even the PCF [French Communist Party], is for it. The far right is still against, but that may be a good thing," said this long-time activist for the legalization of euthanasia.

It is on the right that opponents are most vocal. Bruno Retailleau, president of the Les Républicains group in the Sénat, called the citizens' convention on the end of life "completely bogus." Jean Leonetti, mayor of Antibes and co-author of the 2016 law, said: "Instead of supporting people at the end of their lives so they do not suffer, and providing the resources to do so, Emmanuel Macron says that we can kill someone who asks for it when they are at the end of their lives. It does not go beyond the current law, it is another thing entirely."

To answer his detractors, Mr. Macron can invoke the opinion of the CCNE, which says: "There is a way for an ethical application of assisted dying" – an opinion which "constitutes a solid basis for discussion of the subject," according to the Elysée Palace.


'The law is never perfect'

But the path laid out by Mr. Macron does have two major pitfalls. The first will present itself when it comes to incorporating the major principles set out by the CCNE and the ideas that emerge from the debates into the law. The CCNE believes the right to assisted dying should only concern very specific situations. How can exceptions be defined without being considered arbitrary? How can we evaluate the short, medium or long term? "The law is never perfect," said Professor Jean-François Delfraissy, president of the CCNE. "From the moment we embark on a legislative process, we are bound to see it evolve constantly, so we will take it step by step."

This is precisely what worries those healthcare professionals who are hostile to legalization, which includes most of those who practise palliative care. For SFAP, the body representing palliative care workers, the the CCNE "proposes a new paradigm in which, in certain situations, collective ethics could give way to individual demand." SFAP fears that by authorizing assisted suicide or euthanasia even in only a few cases, France is initiating a process which could lead to the generalization of these practices.
More on this topic Subscribers only 'With active assistance in dying, the act of violence is shifted onto health professionals'


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The second potential pitfall is that the CCNE's call to improve access to palliative care is likely to remain wishful thinking due to the financial cost to the social security system – and the lack of attractiveness for professionals of this medical specialty, which is also not widely taught. Unless, that is, the planned citizens' convention raises awareness by focusing on the expectations of the French people of better support in the final days, weeks or months of their lives, rather than asking for the right to the assisted shortening of those lives.



Béatrice Jérôme and Mattea Battaglia

Translation of an original article published in French on lemonde.fr; the publisher may only be liable for the French version.
Posted at 14/9/2022 06:43 by florenceorbis
France to hold national debate on legalising euthanasia

Issued on: 13/09/2022 - 16:21

Text by:
NEWS WIRES


French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday announced a national debate meant to broaden end-of-life options that will include exploring the possibility of legalizing assisted suicide, with the aim of implementing changes next year.
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The current 2016 law in France provides that doctors can keep terminally ill patients sedated until death comes but stops short of legalizing assisted suicide.

Macron said in a written statement that a body composed of citizens will work on the issue in the coming months in coordination with health care workers, while local debates are to be organized in French regions. The government will in parallel hold discussions with lawmakers from all political parties in order to find the broadest consensus.

Macron during his campaign for reelection earlier this year had promised to open the debate, suggesting he was personally in favor of legalizing physician assisted suicide.

Some French patients are currently traveling to other European countries to seek further options.


Euthanasia is currently legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Spain under certain conditions. In Switzerland, assisted suicide where the patient takes a lethal dose of drugs themself is allowed.

French polls in recent years steadily show a broad majority of people are in favor of legalizing euthanasia.

The current law allows patients to request “deep, continuous sedation altering consciousness until death” but only when their condition is likely to lead to a quick death. Doctors are allowed to stop life-sustaining treatments, including artificial hydration and nutrition. Sedation and painkillers are allowed “even if they may shorten the person’s life.”

(AP)
Posted at 25/2/2020 08:46 by la forge
exit
Swiss organisation reports over 1,200 assisted suicides last year
This content was published on February 24, 2020 1:27 PM Feb 24, 2020 - 13:27
old man

Assisted suicide has been legal in Switzerland since the 1940s.
(Keystone / Peter Komka)

The Swiss assisted suicide organisation EXIT helped a total of 1,214 people end their lives in 2019.

The number of people who used EXIT’s services increased marginally (eight more) than in 2018. EXIT Deutsche Schweizexternal link, which covers German-speaking Switzerland and the Italian speaking canton of Ticino, reported on Monday that 862 people had used its services last year to terminate their lives – 43 less than in 2018. Its French equivalent EXIT Suisse Romandeexternal link saw a significant increase in assisted suicide cases: 352 cases or 51 more than in 2018.

More than a third of those who sought help from the German-speaking branch were suffering from terminal cancer (36%), followed by those suffering from age-related health problems (26%). Of the assisted suicides, 762 (85%) took place in their homes. At the end of 2019, EXIT Deutsche Schweiz had 128,212 members while Exit Suisse Romande had 29,875 members who had signed up to benefit from assistance when the time came.

Swiss law tolerates assisted suicide when patients commit the act themselves and helpers have no vested interest in their death. Assisted suicide has been legal in the country since the 1940s.
Criteria and assistance

Switzerland has two main groups that cater to people who seek an assisted suicide: EXIT and Dignitas. While Dignitas will also assist people from abroad, EXIT, Switzerland's biggest organisation, will only support a citizen or permanent resident of Switzerland in taking their own life.

Members must fulfil certain criteria to use the organisations’ services when they decide the time is right to end their life. EXIT and Dignitas will only provide their services to people with a terminal illness, those living with extreme pain or “unbearable221; symptoms, or with an unendurable disability.

The person who wishes to die must also know what they are doing, not be acting on impulse, have a persistent wish to die, not be under the influence of any third party, and commit suicide by their own hand.

Death is usually induced through a lethal dose of barbiturates prescribed by a doctor. Ingestion of the poison, whether by drinking it or through the use of intravenous drips or stomach tubes, must be carried out by the person wanting to die.


Ein tödliches Mittel
Death by choice
The global fight for assisted suicide

Swiss right-to-die organisations are politically and legally active abroad in a drive to legalise assisted suicide worldwide.
By Sibilla Bondolfi


SDA-Keystone/ac
Posted at 11/11/2019 09:38 by misca2
Outlook

The Board's expectations for 2019 remain unchanged from the time of the interim results in July. Operating performance in 2020 will rely heavily on the number of deaths, which may or may not revert to higher levels witnessed in previous years compared to the 576,000 seen in the last twelve months to September 2019. In addition, following the appointment of Clive Whiley as Chairman, the Board is also reviewing its current strategy in the context of the current challenges within the industry.

Mike McCollum, Chief Executive of Dignity, commented:

"I am pleased with the Group's progress so far this year. Although deaths are lower, market share remains robust, the Transformation Plan remains on track and our journey to build a more modern technologically enabled business that offers clients a high-quality service at a variety of price points remains firmly intact."
Posted at 11/11/2019 09:35 by misca2
ibcnews


Dignity profits in poor health as deaths fall to lowest level in five years

11 November 2019, 09:19 | Updated: 11 November 2019, 09:22
A graveyard
Dignity takes profit hit. Picture: PA

The funeral provider’s profit has fallen 30% so far this year, as it faces a sector-wide probe from the competition authorities.

Funeral provider Dignity has predicted fewer Britons will die this year than in any year since 2014, as it pinned its 2020 financial performance on changes to the figures.

Around 577,000 people are expected to die in 2019, according to the firm’s calculations, a 3.7% drop on the year before.

This has taken a 30% chunk out of Dignity’s underlying operating profit so far this year, which is down to £47.9 million.

However, even a 1% rise in the number of deaths in the third quarter was not enough to pump life back into Dignity’s profit, which fell 8.2% to £11.2 million in three months.

Although deaths are lower, market share remains robust

Mike McCollum, Dignity

The board said it was sticking by predictions of its 2019 results made earlier this year.

“Operating performance in 2020 will rely heavily on the number of deaths, which may or may not revert to higher levels witnessed in previous years,” it added.

Dignity is a bellwether for a sector which has been put under stronger scrutiny in recent years.

As the country’s only listed undertaker, its results are often interpreted as the best sign of the sector’s health.

The company’s share price has taken a major haircut in the last two years, as the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigates pricing in the sector.

The CMA has said that the cost of a funeral has increased 6% a year for the last 14 years, around double the rate of inflation.

Critics have long claimed that the £3,000 to £5,000 typical cost of a funeral is ripping off inexperienced family members at a time when they are at their most vulnerable.

Speaking after Dignity updated the market on Monday, chief executive Mike McCollum said: “I am pleased with the group’s progress so far this year. Although deaths are lower, market share remains robust, the transformation plan remains on track, and our journey to build a more modern, technologically-enabled business that offers clients a high-quality service at a variety of price points remains firmly intact.”
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